Project supported by REEEP (Renewable Energy & Energy ...

Development of Building Regulations and Guidelines for Energy Efficiency in Bangalore

City

Project supported by REEEP (Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Partnership)

2

The Building sector poses major environmental challenges

� The root cause for climate change and GHG emissions is energy supply (generation) followed by transportation and industry (as per the 4th Synthesis report of the IPCC).

� 40% of global emissions attributed to buildings

� 60% of waste generated by buildings or activities contributing to the building sector

� Majority of urban water consumption (and wastage) attributable to buildings

� Responsible for raising urban temperatures by up to 7 degrees centigrade

� Buildings responsible for urban micro-climatic phenomenon such as

� Increased temperatures in areas of high building density

� Increase in ground level ozone

� Increasing contamination of the ground water table

� Depletion of vegetative cover and ecology

� Impervious ground cover leading to flooding

3

The Present

Construction sector contributes to 12% of India’’’’s GDP and growing at 9.2%

Residential/commercial sector accounts for >30% of total electricity consumption

4

Development of Policies, Regulations and Guidelines for Bangalore Municipality & Development Authority

� Project aim: To develop policies, regulations, guidelines to achieve energy efficiency and promote renewable energy in both existing and new buildings in the city of Bangalore.

� Beneficiary organization: Bangalore Development Authority (BDA) &

Bhurat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike (BBMP)

� Project outputs

� Policies, guidelines & regulations to achieve energy efficiency at building level.

� Financial mechanism for implementation of the framed policies & regulations.

� Web based tool for dissemination of project.

� Capacity building & education material.

� Project tenure : 12 months, Starting from 1st

August 2009.

Vidhana Soudha in Bangalore, is the seat of the state legislature of Karnataka

5

Project Outline – Activities & Phases

Development of Policies, Regulations & Guidelines for Energy Efficiency in Bangalore City

Step 1, Current energy analysis of Bangalore

Step 2, Development of energy related building regulations & guidelines for Bangalore city

Mandatory regulations

Voluntary guidelines

Step 3, Implementation methodologies & innovative incentives

Step 4, Capacity building & training

Step 5, Dissemination

Education material

Training modules

Web tool

CO2 offset calculations

6

Methodology for Phase 1

Comparative Analysis

with international

case studies

Identification of best

international practices ConclusionAnalysis

Secondary

sources

S

e

c

o

n

d

ar

y

s

o

ur

c

e

s

Data collection of following parameters for Bangalore Metropolitan Area (BMA) –

• Current Energy Consumption Pattern in Bangalore City.

•Existing infrastructure in Bangalore w.r.t Energy and Renewable Energy.

•Market survey on current & traditional construction practices in Bangalore city.

•Existing policies & Regulations in Bangalore city and at Nation level/Regional level in India to achieve Energy Efficiency & Integrate Renewable Energy in Buildings.

•Data collection on international case studies pertaining to regulations to achieve energy efficiency.

7

Project Coverage Area (Bangalore Metropolitan Area)

8

Bangalore Land use and Energy Demand

Landuse Proposed Landuse(2011) sq. km

Distribution (%) Existing Landuse (2003) sq. km

Distribution (%)

Residential

243.69 43.16 159.76 37.91

Commercial 16.43

2.91 12.83 3.04

Industrial 38.44

6.81 58.83 13.96

open spaces 77.88

13.79 13.10 3.11

public and semi public uses 49.08

8.69 46.56 11.05

public utilities

0.00 2.49 0.59

offices and services

0.00 4.27 1.01

transport and communication 116.97

20.72 88.31 20.96

Unclassified 22.14

3.92 35.26 8.37

Total 564.63

100.00 421.41 100.00

agriculture 649.24

lake and tank 39.02

quarry 9.61

vacant 187.72

total 1,307.00

Building Categories Sales (MkWh) Percentage

(%)

Residential 2684 32.8%

Commercial 2459 30%

Industrial 2425 29.6%

Irrigation & Agriculture 69 0.8%

Water Supply / Street lighting 444 5.4%

Others 91 1.1%

Total 8172

Bangalore Land Use pattern (Source: Bangalore Master Plan 2015)

Annual Energy Sale in Bangalore in FY 2007-08 (Source: BESCOM)

Commercial and Industrial Buildings are very energy intense

9

Current Practices in Bangalore

ArchitectureModern Architecture of Bangalore is influenced by Western Designs. Following are the

existing architectural practices in Bangalore:

� Majority of commercial and IT buildings are complete glazed structures.

� Moderate climate of Bangalore city is not explored in the design.

� Residential buildings are more climate responsive and naturally ventilated buildings.

Lighting DesignFollowing are the existing practices in Bangalore:

� CFLs and TFLs have replaced incandescent lamps.

� Very few buildings adopt lighting controls such as occupancy sensors, dimmable ballast due to high initial cost.

Ventilation & Air conditioning DesignFollowing are the existing practices in Bangalore:

� Hybrid Air conditioning systems are coming up in Bangalore city because of Moderate climate.

� Buildings do not install HVAC equipments that comply with ECBC efficiencies.

10

Existing Codes– Issues & Concerns

� Bangalore existing regulations (Revised Master Plan 2015)

� Minimum aggregate area of openings is specified – is this enough to integrate daylight, ventilation, reduction in energy

� There is no mention of external shading.

� Setbacks, building height and FAR are emphasized.

� Open space requirement between high rise buildings – is this enough.

� Solar water heating is mandatory - are these followed?

� Solar lighting in multi residential buildings is emphasized.

� National Building Code – Is it followed in Bangalore?

� Code includes guidelines for artificial lighting design, naturalventilation and air conditioning.

� Energy Conservation Building Code – voluntary for commercial buildings – Is it followed in Bangalore?

� Covers most important energy efficiency measures to be adopted in a building.

11

MicroMicro--climate considerations climate considerations –– in urban designin urban design

� Solar access and solar control

Differences in solar access as a function of street orientation

Ground floor to receive solar radiation, h/w =0.5

12

Measure in residential buildings

Savings Potential (% of total energy consumption)

Proper Orientation, Fenestration, Shading, Roof & Wall insulation

15%

Energy Efficient lighting (internal)

5%

Solar water heating 10%

Total 30%Measure in commercial buildings

Savings Potential (% of total energy consumption)

Proper Orientation, Fenestration, Shading, Roof & Wall insulation, efficient glazing

10%

Energy efficient internal lighting 15%

Energy efficient space conditioning

15%

Total 40%

Energy saving measures and corresponding energy saving potential

13

• Largest consumer – domestic

• Most energy intensive consumer –commercial

• Electricity tariffs – staggered

• Limited awareness of ECBC

• Limited awareness on energy efficient design features

• Lack of energy efficiency regulations

• MNCs follow their own set of guidelines.

• Lack of integration of renewable energy at building level

Inefficiency because of inefficient appliances and HVAC systems

Fully glazed buildings, ECBC not followed, huge saving potential.

Incentivizes energy conservation. However, slabs to be revisited.

Increase in energy intensive buildings

Benchmarking of energy consumption by diff building typologies required.

Expensive system

Energy – Key Concerns

14

International Best Practices

� Few countries selected to study their regulations and policies. These are Australia, Singapore, Austria, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom. Below are some common features:

� There are separate regulations for residential and commercial buildings. In countries like Singapore, separate regulations for air conditioned and naturally ventilated buildings.

� There are separate regulations for existing and new buildings.

� All countries have mandatory minimum standards on performance ofbuilding envelope (walls, windows, roof) and glazing.

� All countries have mandatory minimum efficiencies recommended for lighting, daylight integration, HVAC, hot water systems.

� Some countries like United Kingdom demand necessary provisions to enable energy efficient operation of the building, (Example Home Information Pack)

15

International Best Practices

� Few countries selected to study their regulations and policies. These are Australia, Singapore, Austria, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom. Below are some common features:

� Hot water demand to be met by solar energy.

� The design of the building should be able to meet the energy performance benchmarks developed for suitable climate zones, without compromising on human comfort.

� The compliance check with the regulation is performed before and also after the end of works.

� Metering of commercial buildings is mandatory.

16

Parameters which could be adopted based on best international practices

� There should be a separate Energy efficiency Section in the current Building Regulations of Bangalore.

� Separate regulations to be framed for different building typologies. Separate regulations for new and existing buildings.

� Integration of Energy Conservation Building Code in the Bangalore Building Regulations to integrate energy efficiency in buildings.

� Commissioning of all commercial air conditioned buildings to be made mandatory.

� Metering of all commercial air conditioned buildings should be made mandatory. (Mandatory to adopt BEE Star rating for commercial buildings.)

� Provision of passive solar design in regulations.

17

18

19

20

Tair inside

Troof surface

Tsky

Tair outside

Tceiling

a roofa roof sectionsection, say..., say...

first principles can

be fairly simple and are universal

e.g. solar heating processes which happen

everywhere

sun on roof surface leads

to temperature rise and temperature rise to heat transfer which occurs on both sides affecting the outdoor environment as

well as room temperature below and everything gets involved…

Building envelope: roofBuilding envelope: roof

21

Passive cooling techniquesPassive cooling techniques--

VentilationVentilation

� The wall towards the south is made into a blank wall, allowing the breeze to flow over the building, which in turn creates a negative pressure and starts pulling fresh air from north into the building. Ventilation is enhanced by solar chimneys and vents.

� Roof garden – provides good thermal insulation and moderates fluctuation in temperatures.

22

Framework for Energy Related Regulations & Guidelines

� Energy efficiency through

� Benchmarks for all building typologies

� Guidelines, calculation tools and regulations for all building typologies.

� Integration of existing building guidelines from ECBC, NBC and the National GRIHA Design tool.

� Passive building technologies suitable to Moderate climate

� International guidelines from case study countries.

� Increase usage of low embodied building materials.

� Increase usage of building integrated renewables.

� Increase usage of energy efficient appliances.

23

Differentiated property tax/tariff structuresDifferentiated property tax/tariff structures

� Linked to Energy consumption per sq m (bandwidths for commercialbuildings could be linked to BEE star labeling for commercial buildings; for residential buildings it could be linked to units of energy consumed per month/year which could be classified as per income category )

� Cash incentive on tariff for rated buildings

� Steeper rates/higher demand charges for high consumers

� Lower property tax for rated buildings

Implementation Strategies

24

BANDWIDTHSBANDWIDTHS-- LESS THAN 50% AIR LESS THAN 50% AIR

CONDITIONING CONDITIONING –– Existing Commercial BuildingsExisting Commercial Buildings

EPI(Kwh/sqm/year) Star Label

80-70 1 Star

70-60 2 Star

60-50 3 Star

50-40 4 Star

Below 40 5 Star

Composite

25

Renewable ENERGYRenewable ENERGY

� Use of renewable energy

� Link to MNRE schemes

� Subsidy on SPV systems

� Solar thermal system

� Feed in tariff

26

Project Outline – Activities & Phases

Development of Policies, Regulations & Guidelines for Energy Efficiency in Bangalore City

Step 1, Current energy analysis of Bangalore

Step 2, Development of energy related building regulations & guidelines for Bangalore city

Mandatory regulations

Voluntary guidelines

Step 3, Implementation methodologies & innovative incentives

Step 4, Capacity building & training

Step 5, Dissemination

Education material

Training modules

Web tool

CO2 offset calculations

27

Participating Organizations

Implementing organizations

� Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike (BBMP)

� Bangalore Development Authority (BDA)

� 7 CMCs and 1 TMC.

Other Associated organizations

BESCOM

KREDL

Other Construction industry stakeholders

Developers, Architects, Service consultants, Manufacturers.

28

Discussion Points

� Next Meeting after 3 months.

� Organizations to call for stakeholder meeting after Guidelines & Regulations are framed.

� Any incentives presently given in Bangalore city.

� Electricity Demand supply gap in Bangalore city.

29

Thank You

ContactsMs. Mili [email protected]

Ms. Minni [email protected]