Problems after the war

• 1. PROBLEMS AFTER THE WAR

2.

• Germ unhappy w/ treaty.

• * due to reparations, loss of land & reduction in military

3.

• 2. League of Nationstoo weak-US did not join because we did not ratify harsh treaty.

• LON used economic sanctions to stop problems, not

• force

4.

• 3. Inflation - a rise in prices due to Germ printing more money

5.

• 4.DAWES PLAN - US plan set up tohelp Germ pay back reparations& loaned 200 million to rebuild.

• Created US

• investment .

6.

• 5.DEPRESSION -period of low eco activity & rising unemployment

7.

• Depression caused by:

• 1. Farm prices fall due tooverproduction( somedestroy crops to helpprices )

8.

• 2.US stock market booms

• in 20s, so investors pull

• money out of Germ to

• invest.

• 3.Market crashes

• & stock prices

• drop

9.

• 4.USinvestors w/draw

• money from Germ &

• Euro & banks

• weakened.

• 5. Production falls &

• unemployment

• rises.

10.

• EconomistJohn Maynard Keynes-said:Unemployment caused by less demand ( which can be increased by putting peopleto workbuilding

• public works)

11. F D R

• US-Franklin D Roosevelt wins 1932 election.

• 15 mill out of work, 50% cut in production

12.

• CreatedNEW DEAL - put people to work by funding public works. (building roads, post offices,airports).

• Creates Social Security Act, TVA, etc.

13. RISE OF THE DICTATORS 14. STALIN & THE USSR 15.

• DONT WRITE!!!

• By 1939, Fr & GB only big nations of Europe still democratic

• New form of dictatorship develops

16.

• TOTALITARIAN STATE - aims to control all aspects of citizens lives. (poli, eco,social, culture & intellectual

• Individual will is subordinated

• to collective

• will of masses

17.

• DONT WRITE!!!!!!!!!!

• Famine hits in 1920-1922 & industry falls 20%.

• VI LENIN createNEW ECONOMIC POLICY(called NEP),a version of capitalism.

• Peasants can sell produce & small businesses could be privatelyowned,but

• heavy industry & banking

• owned by govt

18.

• Communists createUNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST

• REPUBLICS1922 (USSR)

19.

• Sickle-Unity of peasants

• Hammer- workers

• Red field: blood spilled by workers in fight for freedom

• Star-energy of sun and life

20.

• Lenin died in 1924 & a fight for power begins in Politburo

21. 22.

• LEON TROTSKY , war commissar, wants to spread communist rev & industrializerapidly

23. JOSEF STALIN

• Josef Stalin - party general secretary wants power.

• In charge of appointing 1000s of officials, who support him.

24.

• Stalin gets control of party.

• Gets rid of old Bolsheviks, & kicksout Trotsky(who ismurdered in Mexico).

25.

• Creates5 YEAR PLANS - sets of eco goals for 5 year periods to go fromagriculturalnation toindustry .

• 1 stplan- produce moreCAPITAL GOODS(goods used to produce

• other goods).

26.

• Bigger labor force in cities

• no housing.

• Low wages.

• Strict laws

• Propaganda stresses sacrifice to build nation

27.

• COLLECTIVIZATION -govt took over private farms & made peasants work for them.

• By 1934, 26 mil farms taken .

• famine occurs, 10 mil die, resistors sent to

• labor camps & party

• control increases.

28.

• Paranoid Stalin beginsPURGES -eliminating problem people to keeppower.

29.

• Military officers, party members, citizens, union

• officials & diplomats were killed, arrested or sent to labor camps

30. HITLER & GERMANY 31. Dont write

• Born Aus 1889, Austria. Dad abusive

• high school failure

• Traveled to Vienna & rejected by art school.

• Dev racist &

• nationalist ideas here.

• Saw poli parties use terror &

• propaganda

32.

• HITLERS REPORT CARD

• FrenchUnsatisfactory

• GeographySatisfactory

• GermanAdequate

• GymnasticsExcellent

• HistorySatisfactory

• PhysicsAdequate

• MathematicsUnsatisfactory

• ArtExcellent

• ChemistryAdequate

• GeometryAdequate

33. 34.

• After WWI, joined extreme nationalist group in Munich calledGerman Workers Partyin 1919.

35.

• By 1921, controls & renames party National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) orNAZI.

• *55,000 people join

• *Create party

• militia of 12,000

• called Brown Shirts.

36.

• Organizedan uprising against the govt in 1923 known as heBEER HALL PUTSCH ,was crushed

• & Hitler jailed

37.

• WroteMein Kampfin jail about:

• Said superior nations have right toLEBENSRAUM -living space thru expansion.

• *Superior

• individuals

• should rule over

• the masses

38.

• *

39.

• Realizes Nazi party needs to get votes to get power, not violent rev. Party expands & appeals to pride.

• Biggest party in

• REICHSTAG

• (parliament) by

• 1929.

40. 41.

• Dont WRITE!

• Nazi rise helped byunemployment & eco problems

• Industry

• leaders,

• aristocrats,

• officers look to

• Hitler for leadership.

42.

• Pres. Hindenburgneeds to get support in 1933.

• He makes HitlerChancellorin 1933, thinking he could control him

43.

• Hitler sets up total Nazi control by Mar. 23, 1933

44.

• Reichstag passesENABLING ACT-give govtpower to ignore constitution for

• 4 years to pass

• laws to deal

• w/ nations

• problems & gave

• Hitler legal basis for actions

45. 46.

• Nazis purge Jews from govt & set upCONCENTRATION CAMPS ,

• abolished

• trade unions

• & poli

• parties

47.

• Hindenburg dies in 1934 & Hitler rules.All officials take oath of loyalty to Fuhrer.

• Wants to develop an Aryan nation to rule Europe.

• Says Germ had 2 empires& Hitler will createTHIRD REICHor 3 rdempire

48. DONT WRITE!!!!!!!

• Believed they were descendents of Romans & Greeks & Germsmeant to create Roman-like empire.

49.

• The S CHUTZSTAFFEN

• ( SS)were secret police, bodyguards & used arrests execution & concentration camps for terror to create Arayan race

• *Heinrich Himmler was head

50.

• Hitler used public works & grants to private construction firms to putpeople to work & rearmed military

51.

• JOESPEHGOEBBELS , Hitlers propaganda minister set up:

• mass demonstrations, parades,speeches,controlled churches & schools, formed professional groups for occupations & NAZI youth groups for kids

52. 53.

• Nuremberg Laws wereracial laws that: excluded Jews from citizenship; wear yellow star & id card;Jews banned from public buildings, transportation & marriage to Germans; cannot own, manage or work in stores.

54. 55.

• KRISTALLNACHT - (night of shattered glass)Nov 9, 1939- Nazis, kill 100, destroy 7000 businesses &synagogues

• 30,000 men sent to camps

56. MUSSOLINI&ITALY 57. I T A L Y

• 1920s: BENITO MUSSOLINI created a new poli party.

• CreatesFASCISMwhich glorifies state above the individual, nationalism, glory of Italy& needs a strong central govt led by dictator

58.

• 1920- Italy has problems. Middle class fears communist takeover. Muss formsBLACK SHIRTS(armedfascists) who attack strikes & communists

• making many

• happy