Poverty Presentation

Starvation

Done by: Fatma, Islam, Yalda, Hady, and Hani

What is Starvation or Famine?

• It is a severe shortage of food, generally affecting a widespread area and large numbers of people.

• The causes of starvation are both man-made and naturally made

Where is Starvation found?

Naturally Made Causes

1. Droughts2. Floods3. Earthquakes4. Insect Plagues5. Plant Diseases

Man-Made Causes

1. Wars2. Civil Disturbances3. Sieges4. Deliberate crop destruction5. Severe Poverty6. Inefficient food distribution7. Population increases disproportionate to the

food-producing or procuring capacity of people in a region

Other Causes1. Recession2. Economic inequality3. Shocks to food prices4. Lacking Democracy in poor

countries5. Weak rule of law6. Poor management of resource

revenues7. Poor access to affordable

education8. Corruption9. Over population

Statistics on a Universal level• In the Asian, African and Latin American

countries, over 500 million people are living in what the World Bank has called "absolute poverty"

• Every year 15 million children die of hunger

• For the price of one missile, a school full of hungry children could eat lunch every day for 5 years

• In the Asian, African and Latin American countries, well over 500 million people are living in what the World Bank has called "absolute poverty"

• Every year 15 million children die of hunger

• Every 3.6 seconds someone dies of hunger

India

Statistics on India• Population: 1.14 Billion; urban 27.8%• Annual Growth Rate: 1.3%• Education: Years compulsory-none• Literacy: 64.84%• Health: Infant Mortality Rate:

34.61/1000• Work Force: 450 millionI. Agriculture: 60%II. Industry and commerce: 18%III. Services and government:22%

More statistics• Indian supports over 15% of the world’s

population.• India’s median age is 25 (one of the youngest

among large economies).• 70% live in more than 550,000 villages.• The remainder live in 200 towns and cities.

Statistics on hunger in India

• By 2005, the percentage of poor has declined by 26%; the economy grew by 5%.

• India has the highest percentage of people suffering from hunger in the world; 200 million.

• The 2008 Global Hunger Index ranks India at 66 of 88 countries.

• Not one of the 17 states in India were in the low or moderate hunger category.

Table 1: Percentage and Number of Poor in India Since 1973

Year Percentage of Poor Number of poor (Millions)

Annual Real Rate of decline in the number of poor

1973-74 54.90% 321 4%

1977-78 51.30% 329 -0.59%

1983 44.50% 323 0.31%

1987-88 38.90% 307 1.25%

1993-94 36.00% 320 -0.70%

1999-00 26.10% 260 3.40%

• As for the expert Group Methodology.• A negative rate of decline means the number of poor increased.Source: National Institute of Rural Development (2004); Rural Development Statistics, 2002-03

More statistics• India scored worse than nearly 25

sub-saharan African countries and all of South Asia, except Bangladesh, despite economic growth.

• Best performing state has a “serious” hunger problem.

• Around 60% of more than 10 million children in the state of Madhya Pradesh were malnourished.

Causes for famine in India

1. Inadequate access to food.2. Poor Feeding practices.3. Poor childcare practices in India.

Main Causes

• Today, the Global Food Crisis is the main cause for starvation in India.

• Global Food Crisis: The prices for basics are increasing such as rice and wheat.

• Many people in India earn 2$ or less in a day.

• This problem happened the first when the British arrived in India and introduced free markets in food.

Drought• The last main cause includes the

droughts.• Agriculture in India is controlled by

the weather, and the availability of water is dependant on Monsoons.

• Most famous famines:1. The Bengal Famine of 1770: one

third died2. 1876-1877: 5 million died3. 1899 Famine: 4.5 million died4. Bengal Famine of 1943: 5 million

died

Theory behind Famine in India

• The Dependency theory. • This is based on the Marxist

analysis of inequalities within the world system, but contrasts with the view of free market where economists who argue that free trade advances poor states along an enriching path to full economic integration.

Somalia

• Location: Kenya, East Africa.

• Area: 738,000 sq km.

• Population: 10 Million

Causes of starvation:

• Drought.

• Civil War.

Drought

• Climates in Somalia are 30 – 40 degree’s Celsius at maximum. 15 – 30 degree’s Celsius at minimum.

• There is little rainfall in Somalia.• The factors above go hand in hand and lead to

draught.• Consequences: Water shortage, less crops, dust

storms, and the destructions of habitats.

Civil War: Background information

• On July 1 1960 Somalia became independent.

• This caused the country to be divided into three sectors :- English Somalia- Italian Somalia- French Somalia (a.k.a. Djibouti)

• Major General Muhammad Siad Barre attempted to establish Somalia as a socialist state.

Civil War: The Start of Chaos• In 1991 people began to rebel against Barre’s new regime.• This caused many interclan and interfactional wars.• The U.N. and forces in the U.S.A. took notice and attempted to

help.• They over came the starvation issue for a short time but security

was still an ongoing issue.• They withdrew all their resources in 1994 due to suffering too

many casualties as a result of the civil wars taking place.

Civil War: Further Destruction• The interfactional wars did not stop.• No government, and an attempt to set up a

new government (in the year 2000)failed.• Regions of Somalia began to separate

themselves from the country. They tried to be more individual.

• After September 11 2001 the U.S.A. decided to become more involved again due to fears of undergoing a terrorist attack by Somalia. This only worsened the situation and encouraged more interfactional wars.

Sociological Perspective• Social Conflict theory exists here

in the form of regional conflict.• Different groups seek to gain

power and reshape the society in the way which they feel is best.

• In a way we can also assume that this is a man made conflict since it is the people of the nation themselves who are worsening the situation.

• The Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) has received information from Manabadhikar Suraksha Mancha (Masum) in West Bengal, India, that people in Murshidabad district are dying of starvation while the government authorities have not taken any effective action to stop the deaths. One five-year-old boy is reported to have been eating dirt before he died.

• Location: Dayarampur village • Persons affected:

1. Azizul Haque2. Alimuddin Seik, aged about 67, husband of Jahida Beoa3. Jahida Beoa, aged 60, wife of Alimuddin Seik4. Sattar Seik, aged 50

• And many others.

• Azizul Haque • Neimuddin stated that his brother Azizul Haque died of hunger because of

no work to earn a livelihood. Up to today Azizul's wife and son are starving, and may also die from hunger soon

• Alimuddin Seik and Jahida Beoa• Sukuda Bibi, a relative of Alimuddin Seik and his wife Jahida Beoa, says that

both of them died recently after their bodies swelled up from malnutrition.

• Another five-year-old boy also died suffering from the same cause. Five days ago his stomach was swelled up. It was found out that he had been living by eating dirt. For many days there had been no cooking in his house.

• Sattar Seik

• Sattar Seik died of hunger at the Behrampur District Sadar Hospital. He was referred there from the Rural Health Centre of Sadikhanrdeyar. On this case Dr Ashish Kumar Ghosh said, "We don't have proper and sufficient medical equipment and so we have to refer our patients to the district hospital.The patients who have been referred to the district hospital here are not in condition even to utter a word. They have been kept on oxygen but nothing can be said regarding their improvement.

Organizations that Help to cope with Famine

Chauncy Maples Malawi TrustMedical Benevolence FoundationFree lessons for Knysna SchoolchildrenRIPPLE AfricaSOS Children: Aids AfricaLink EthiopiaAchieve in AfricaPoverty In Africa. You Can HelpSelf Help AfricaTransafrika Cultural InstitutesStand Up For Africa, etc.

Medical Benevolence FoundationThe Medical Benevolence Foundation (MBF) has worked to provide hope and healing to those most in need.

Stand Up For Africa

• This organization provides lots of opportunities for people to help support deprived children and young people in Africa.

• It also are raising funds to build a dedicated Crisis Response Centre that will provide a range of services to support young people and women affected by physical and emotional abuses such as domestic violence, rape and neglect.

What Can Be Done?

• We can Donate.• We can Increase Awareness.• We can participate in organizations that help

to reduce poverty.

References

• http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3454.htm• http://www.foodjustice.net/ha/mainfile.php/ha2005/38/ • http://incredimazing.com/page/Kevin_Carters_Pulitzer_Prizew

inning_Photo• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famine

• library.thinkquest.org/C002291/high/present/stats.htm• http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0724/p01s01-wogi.html• http://library.thinkquest.org/10136/famine/famitq.htm• http://news .bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7669152.stm• http://rediff.com/money/2008/may/26interl.htm• http://stanford.wellsphere.com/vitamins-supplements-article/

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