Pentti Häkkinen Ship auxiliaries.11.2 W’ärtsilä New Professionals 3.- 7.11.2008 Automation and Control System purpose Collect and process information, Execute control actions automatically or as decision support system. location Cabling and workstations through all ship. Computers in the engine room, heavy duty local control terminals also in engine rooms. main components Computers and work stations. Electric and optical cables with routers. design problems Expensive system, cabling and testing time consuming. Subsystem compatibility problems. Rapid development brings unmature solutions. Finding safe and remote location for cables and routers. operation problems Many software related problems. Updating management is critical. Operator skills need constant improvement and better operator interfaces. Systems influence on ship
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Pentti Häkkinen Ship auxiliaries.11.2 Wärtsilä New Professionals 3.-7.11.2008 Automation and Control System purpose Collect and process information, Execute.
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Pentti Häkkinen Ship auxiliaries.11.2W’ärtsilä New Professionals 3.-7.11.2008
Automation and Control System
purposeCollect and process information,
Execute control actions automatically or as decision support system. locationCabling and workstations through all ship. Computers in the engine room, heavy duty local control terminals also in engine rooms.
main componentsComputers and work stations. Electric and optical cables with routers.
design problemsExpensive system, cabling and testing time consuming. Subsystem compatibility problems. Rapid development brings unmature solutions. Finding safe and remote location for cables and routers.
operation problemsMany software related problems. Updating management is critical. Operator skills need constant improvement and better operator interfaces. Systems influence on ship safety.
Pentti Häkkinen Ship auxiliaries.11.2W’ärtsilä New Professionals 3.-7.11.2008
Main Switchboard and Starter boards
purposeMain switchboard is backbone of electric system, including control and
monitoring functions. Starter boards control large electric motors. locationMain switchboard close to generators in control room (or adjacent space). Due to safety reasons often divided and placed in two switchboard rooms. Other switchboards seldom in engine room. Centralised starter boards in control room or engine room.
main componentsMain switchboard
design problemsMain switchboard length, up to 14 meter. Big cables & high ventilation demand increase space problems.Emergency conditions -arching, short circuits.
operation problemsSeldom systematic problems.
Pentti Häkkinen Ship auxiliaries.11.2W’ärtsilä New Professionals 3.-7.11.2008
Main Switchboard and Starter boards
Main switchboard in large ferry engine control room
Pentti Häkkinen Ship auxiliaries.11.2W’ärtsilä New Professionals 3.-7.11.2008
Emergency Generator and Switchboard
purposeTo supply and distribute electric for vital consumers when power plant is not available. Capacity and operation regulated by Class and SOLAS
main componentsEmergency diesel generator with automatic start located above main deck. Access from open deck, self-contained plant. Emergency cells located above main deck. Supply power after main voltage loss, until emergency generator operates.Sufficient alone in some small cargo ships. Emergency switchboard, located near the power source. Sections:
400V ES1 feeds fire pump, bilge pump, steering gear and other emergency consumers
operation problemsStarting failures of emergency generator / emergency fire pump
Pentti Häkkinen Ship auxiliaries.11.2W’ärtsilä New Professionals 3.-7.11.2008
Main Switchboard and Starter boards Main switchboard for 2 generator ship - total length 9 meter
Normal cubicle height is 2300. Free 300 mm space above and 400 mm below the floor plates required. Cubicle breadth is 600 or 800 mm
Medium voltage (>1 kV) switchboard is abt. 20 % longer. Cubicles 800 or 1000 mm
Separate starter boards: cubicle (600 mm) for 1 … 3 motors.
Add 1 cubicle for each generator. 2 cubicle if main switchboard is divided in halves. 3 …4 cubicles and transition piece if halves installed in separate rooms.
Starters & Shore GEN 1 GEN 2 Shore Starters & 220 V Section Feeders Supply P Supply SB Feeders
To Emerg. board Bustie To 220V Section
Pentti Häkkinen Ship auxiliaries.11.2W’ärtsilä New Professionals 3.-7.11.2008
Generator and Switchboard Location
Cargo Main Transformers Automation control room switchboard board
Main Control Cargo pump Desk converters
Emergency diesel generator and switchboard
Pentti Häkkinen Ship auxiliaries.11.2W’ärtsilä New Professionals 3.-7.11.2008
Generator and Switchboard Location
Shaft generator
3 diesel generators on level 9000 mm
Pentti Häkkinen Ship auxiliaries.11.2W’ärtsilä New Professionals 3.-7.11.2008
Generator and Switchboard Location
Overhaul of a 1600 kVA shaft generator after bearing failure
Vulkan RaTo-type shaft generator coupling
Pentti Häkkinen Ship auxiliaries.11.2W’ärtsilä New Professionals 3.-7.11.2008
Steam and Feed water System
purposeGenerate and convey thermal energy to consumers Water steam is practical. Alternatives are thermal oil and (for MDO ships only) hot water
locationMain components often in main engine room instead of dedicated spaces. Insulated pipes are lead to consumers through all ship.
main componentsNormally two oil fired boilers and exhaust gas boiler for each main engine. Water tanks and pump assemblies
design problemsHigh capacity boilers and exhaust gas boilers (including overhaul space) cause space problems in passenger ships. Pumps location on low level can also be difficult
operation problemsFeed water related problems Exhaust gas boiler fouling and soot fires
Pentti Häkkinen Ship auxiliaries.11.2W’ärtsilä New Professionals 3.-7.11.2008
Typical Steam and Feed Water System
Steam to consumers
Mixing does not allow too cold water in boiler
Oil fire boiler(auxiliary boiler)
Feed water pumps
Preheating section
Evaporation section
Circulation pumps
Condensate tank Feed water tank
Return from consumers
Cooling coil
Gas outlet temperature 180oC
SW cooled dumping condenser to handle excess steam
Pentti Häkkinen Ship auxiliaries.11.2W’ärtsilä New Professionals 3.-7.11.2008
Steam and Feed Water System Capacity
Most ships never use all oil fired boiler capacity. Large boilers in crude oil / black products tankers. Exhaust gas boilers operate dry, use dumping condenser or by-pass.Calculate for each consumer group, see table. 1000 kg steam = 2260 MJ
Pentti Häkkinen Ship auxiliaries.11.2W’ärtsilä New Professionals 3.-7.11.2008
Steam Boiler and Feed Water Pump Location
Oil fired boilers Exhaust gas boiler Surplus steam Feed water condenser pumps
Feed water tank
Pentti Häkkinen Ship auxiliaries.11.2W’ärtsilä New Professionals 3.-7.11.2008
Fire Protection
To activate fire alarm and permit early and efficient fire extinguishing. Ship divided in machinery spaces, cargo space, accommodation (each with multiple fire zones). Fire water system required in all ships. Needed also for cooling of structures. Number and capacity of pumps according to rules. Secondary system is always required.
Carbon dioxide: all fires, efficient in enclosed space, lethal, testing difficult
Water fog: newcomer, all fires, non-toxic, complicated plant, testing easy
Halon: efficient, mildly toxic, banned due to ozone layer depleting effect
Foam: various foams for various purposes, difficult after cleaning(Powder)
Total flooding (Space) extinguishers Local extinguishersLocal compulsory in existing pax vessel by October 2005
Manual release Automatic release
Pentti Häkkinen Ship auxiliaries.11.2W’ärtsilä New Professionals 3.-7.11.2008
Fresh water systems
purposeTo distillate fresh water from brine utilising waste heat. When waste heat is not sufficient, steam from oil fired boilers is used. To filter and treat water for safe utilisation as technical or potable water.
To store pressurised hot and cold water for consumers. locationLarge multistage units with sea water pumps located in dedicated rooms. Water tanks distributed in various compartments. Cargo ships the small evaporators and hydrophores in main engine room.
main componentsMultistage units & water tanks in cruise liners. Otherwise small components. Reverse osmosis units: small, demand high pumping power, 300 ppm salt.
design problemsLarge evaporator size and high energy consumption. More stages mean low heat consumption but increase cost and dimensions.
operation problemsEvaporator maintenance, bacteria contamination would be disaster.
Pentti Häkkinen Ship auxiliaries.11.2W’ärtsilä New Professionals 3.-7.11.2008
Fresh water systems
Multistage evaporator Fresh water system
Land connections Port and Sb
Evaporator
Mineralisation
Chlorination
Technical water
Filter Hydrophore
UV unit
Hot Heater Cold water water
Transfer pump
Storage tanks
Dimensions
Watercapacity t/d
Stages L x B x H m Masskg
25 1 1.4x1.8x1.8 160050 1 1.5x2.0x1.8 2000
200 4 7.2x2.3x2.8 13000600 6 12x3.2x3.0 38000
Note that single stage units require double length space for opening
Number ofstages
Heat demandkWh/m3
1 6502 3803 2704 1906 130
Pentti Häkkinen Ship auxiliaries.11.2W’ärtsilä New Professionals 3.-7.11.2008
Overhaul space
Important overhaul itemsMain and aux. engine piston Turbocharger rotorCharge air cooler insertsMain and big end bearingsClutch and coupling elementsGenerator rotorsPropeller and intermediate shaftsExhaust gas boiler insertsLarge sea water pumpsFeed water pumpsPipe systems, especially HFO, SW
Service space must be providedCentrifuge purifiersFuel injectorsFuel oil booster unit Sea water filtersPiping accessories
Make sure that floor plate and platforms are reinforced for heavy items!
Pentti Häkkinen Ship auxiliaries.11.2W’ärtsilä New Professionals 3.-7.11.2008
Material transport routes
Material transport to workshop and storages
Main engine large spare parts Auxiliary engine pistonLarge valvesScrew pumpsPump impellersTools
Transport to/from land Main engine large spare parts Large pumpsPipe, bar and plate material
Generator rotorPropeller and intermediate shaft (holes cut in bulkhead may be accepted but no any major component dismantling)
Make sure that floor plate and platforms are reinforced for heavy items!
Pentti Häkkinen Ship auxiliaries.11.2W’ärtsilä New Professionals 3.-7.11.2008
Overhaul and Material Transport
Service lift and hatch on main deck
Traverse crane above main engine
Lift rail above each genset, leading to ME traverse crane reach area
Engine Engineer store workshop
(Port) Heavy main engine spare parts secured
Aft thruster motor and shaft generator rotor (Port) overhaul is foreseen