8/18/2019 Paul Nicolae BORZA Smart Grids and ICT2014 http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/paul-nicolae-borza-smart-grids-and-ict2014 1/56 Energy efficient systems in distribution grid Prof dr ing Paul BORZA 4 th Renewable Energy Sources School Afyon Kocatepe University Electrical Engineering Department TURKEY 22.01.2015
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8/18/2019 Paul Nicolae BORZA Smart Grids and ICT2014
Brasov Romania city mentioned from 1241 asGerman cityGeographic coordinates: 45.6528° N, 25.6119° EActually number of inhabitants:
Transilvania University History:1940 First HE institutionAcademy of Trade andIndustrial Studies.1948 The Silviculture Institute isset up.
1949 The Mechanical Instituteis set up1971 The University ofBrasov is born through themerger of the Polytechnicand Pedagogical Institutes.1991 University of Brasov’sSenate decided to changethe name of the universitythat becomes University of
8/18/2019 Paul Nicolae BORZA Smart Grids and ICT2014
March 2012 Inauguration of PRO-DD Institute12 Research Departmentsoriented to durable developmentFull Institute become an exampleof eco-friendly buildings using in
principal renewable resources
8/18/2019 Paul Nicolae BORZA Smart Grids and ICT2014
Granularity of the system (from power andinformation embedded into the system
elements)Capacity and reaction speed of the
electricity system
Stability of the system assured: In the past: by over-generation and central control of the power flow
In the present and more in the future: by embedded of control at very lowlevel in order to find out the equilibrium at the level of elementary groups(e.g. case of Distributed Generation most remarkable example: RenewableEnergy Sources RES) that minimize the power flow circulation andsuccessive conversions
8/18/2019 Paul Nicolae BORZA Smart Grids and ICT2014
The problem is a COMPROMISE Wisdom in choosing of targets/objectives for
optimal Uniform definition of the multidimensional problem
Adoption of the optimal granularity for the system elements
Choosing of the appropriate model and developing of virtual models toeasier the control process that assure the mastering of the systemcomplexity
Choosing of the right informational system attached at the energeticsystem able to process, communicate and real time control of thesystem. The common languages, the appropriate protocols used forcommunication represent premises to reach an optimal control
8/18/2019 Paul Nicolae BORZA Smart Grids and ICT2014
Types of services related to thegeneration of electric energy (2)
Standby power (minimum power necessary to maintain infunction a system)
Spinning reserve (The spinning reserve is the extra generatingcapacity that is available by increasing the power output ofgenerators that are already connected to the power system.)
8/18/2019 Paul Nicolae BORZA Smart Grids and ICT2014
Reactive power supply generation in order to compensate the load factor into thegrid;
Ancillary services those services necessary to support the transmission of electricpower from seller to purchaser given the obligations of control areas andtransmitting utilities within those control areas to maintain reliable operationsof the interconnected transmission system, and consists in the followingservices:
1) Scheduling, System Control and Dispatch
2) Reactive Supply and Voltage Control from Generation Sources
3) Regulation and Frequency Response
4) Energy Imbalance
5) Operating Reserve – Spinning
6) Operating Reserve – (Supplemental see Federal Energy Regulation Commission order888 and 1995)
8/18/2019 Paul Nicolae BORZA Smart Grids and ICT2014
Generation based on local power plants majority functioning withcoal – steam – . Island networks (close inter correlation between
generation &load) clustered
19th Century – INSULATED-
Classical power networks: bulk generation, wide power networks,captive consumers; assurance of network stability by excess of energyproduction especially based on fossil resources: coal, gas, petrol;generation follow the loads .
20th Century – INTEGRATED & AGGREGATED- producer centered
8/18/2019 Paul Nicolae BORZA Smart Grids and ICT2014
Nodaway: Decentralization of generation and increasing ofintermittent generation based on renewable sources; management
of fluctuations on both sides: producer & consumer; producing ofenergy based on classical & renewable fuels TOWARD LARGE SCALEINTEGRATION & AGGREGATION, INTRODUCTION OF VIRTUALIZATIONCONCEPTS , consumer centered.
Tomorrow : complete INTEGRATION between generation andconsumption by ICT; self healing systems able to manage byfeedback and also feed-before procedures the fluctuations on bothsides; minimizing of power flow excursion with benefic effects ofenergy efficiency; clean / green technological processes in energyproduction & usage prosumers’ centered
8/18/2019 Paul Nicolae BORZA Smart Grids and ICT2014
Smart grids will implement the desiderate of fusion betweenenergy and information at all levels of power network systems by:deeply integration of all control components of the powernetworks using ICT.
The two-way communication system will improve the reactivity(fast and complex) of the power system at the demands fromconsumer side and all other actors (providers, traders, regulators
entities) involved in the frame of power systems The SG will implement an intelligent monitoring and control
functionality of all power networks components, thecommunication between all these components, and theprocessing of all signals afferent to power grid.
8/18/2019 Paul Nicolae BORZA Smart Grids and ICT2014
Will better solve the incidents and malfunctioningevents that could appear on power networks inclusive
by developing “self healing” facilities
Will offer a high level of reliability, resilience andsecurity of power network system
Will integrate new intermittent power generators anddistributed generators such as: renewable powersources thus, the consumers will be transformed in“ prosumers” respectively they will become in the sametime energy providers and consumers
8/18/2019 Paul Nicolae BORZA Smart Grids and ICT2014
Will offer the support for operating the energy storage facilitiesthat will be integrated into the power grid not only at energy
provider level (generators) but also deep into the grid at thelevel of end-users (consumers)
Will significantly reduce the environmental impact of thewhole electricity supply system
SG represents in the same time the complex system able toaccommodate the requirements from economical, social andtechnological sides in order to assure a high efficient powernetwork operation, facilitating trading of the energy
8/18/2019 Paul Nicolae BORZA Smart Grids and ICT2014
Applying efficient investments to solve infrastructure ageing;
Security of supply: limited primary resources of traditionalenergy sources, flexible storage; need for higher reliability andquality; increase network and generation capacity;
SmartGrids SRA 2035: Strategic Research Agenda Update of
the SmartGrids SRA 2007 for the needs by the year 2035
8/18/2019 Paul Nicolae BORZA Smart Grids and ICT2014
Interoperability of European electricity networks: supporting theimplementation of the internal market; efficient managementof cross border and transit network congestion; improving thelong-distance transport and integration of renewable energysources; strengthening European security of supply throughenhanced transfer capabilities;
SmartGrids SRA 2035: Strategic Research Agenda Update ofthe SmartGrids SRA 2007 for the needs by the year 2035
8/18/2019 Paul Nicolae BORZA Smart Grids and ICT2014
“most people have paid for their electricity at the same rate
every day of every year, every hour of every day.”
Butler said, “That’s going to have to change,” noting that “Ifyou’re going to have a smart grid, that allows you to measureand have two-way communication between the end-userpremises, the utility company, the [Regional Transmission
Operator] RTO, and other entities, rates will have to change tobe more time-of-use rates or critical peak period rates.”
8/18/2019 Paul Nicolae BORZA Smart Grids and ICT2014
Development of appropriate strategies in order to pass-off oravoid the “silent” – unresponsive nodes that should be over passed
Coordination and alignment of requirements from plurality of
stakeholders (EU case)
Development of standard and regulations that impose the usageof strict security solutions in order to avoid possible intrusion intoSG systems
See standards:IEC 61850 standard Communication networks andsystems for power utility automation; IEC 61499 standard forgeneral purpose Function Block architecture for industrial processmeasurement and control systems, endowing the architecturewith bio-inspired control patterns
V Vyatkin, G Zhabelova, N Higgins, M Ulieru, K Schwarz, N-Kumar,CStandards-enabled Smart Grid for the Future Energy Web, IEEE SG2009
8/18/2019 Paul Nicolae BORZA Smart Grids and ICT2014
Tamilmaran V, D P Kothari “Smart Grid: An Overview “, Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, 2011,2, 305-311 http://www.SciRP.org/journal/sgre) visualized 2012
8/18/2019 Paul Nicolae BORZA Smart Grids and ICT2014