p & op mgmt by sush

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INTRODUCTION TO PRODUCTION

AND OPERATIONS

MANAGEMENT

By-SushilaSushila

agrawalagrawal



INTRODUCTION TO PRODUCTION

AND OPERATIONS

MANAGEMENT

Production

It is an intentional act of producing something

in a specific manner.

manufacturing or mining or growingsomethingany work created as a result of literary or artistic effort

the act or process of producing something

the quantity of something (as a commodity) that iscreated (usually within a given period of time);



Contd«««

ACCORDING TO R.MAYER

´IN A MANUFACTURING ORGANISATION PRODUCTIONIS THE FABRICATION OF A PHYSICAL OBJECTTHROUGH THE USE OF MEN,MACHINES, MATERIALS,AND EQUIPMENT.

IN A SERVICE ORGANISATION PRODUCTION MEANSDISCHARGE OF SOME FUNCTION,WHICH HAS SOMEUTILITY e.g., REPAIRS OF AN AUTOMOBILE,LEGAL

ADVICE TO A CLIENT etcµ.



PRODUCTION PROCESS

SYSTEM

ORGANISATION TRANSFORMATION



OPERATION

´ A process or series of acts involved in a particular formof work

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�the condition of being in action:

�an action or series of actions done to produce a particularresult:

�the activity of operating something (a machine or businessetc.)

�a planned activity involving many people performing variousactions;



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OPERATIONS:A TRANSFORMATION

PROCESS

Workers

Managers

Equipment

Facility

Materials

LandEnergy

Information

Goods

Services

IInputsnputs OutputsOutputs

Operations

and

processes

Feedback

Performance

Lead time The time between ordering a good or service and

receiving it.



MANAGEMENT ´

Management in business and human organization activity, in simpleterms means the act of getting people together to accomplish desiredgoals. ...

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�The job of planning, organizing, and controlling abusiness enterprise; the persons in an organization who

are engaged in management

� Organization and coordination of the activities of anenterprise in accordance with certain policies and inachievement of clearly defined objectives. Management is oftenincluded as a factor of production along with machines,

materials, and money�The act, manner, or practice of managing; handling,supervision, or control

�The act or art of managing; the manner of treating, directing,carrying on, or using, for a purpose; conduct; administration;

guidance; control; as, the management of a family or of a farm;the management of state



PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS

MANAGEMENT

´ Production and Operations Management ("POM") is about the

transformation of production and operational inputs into "outputs" that,when distributed, meet the needs of customers.

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SCOPE OF PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS

MANAGEMENT

(A) Product selection and design Choosing the right product by keeping the objective of the organization.

Design of the product must be attractive, aesthetic and functional.

Product design must be made in such a way to face competitor Unnecessary cost must be eliminated.

(B) Process selection and Planning Selection of the process involves taking decision as technology,

machines and equipment.

First thing is that we have to optimize the output from the given process. Planning includes the stages of the process and automation and

mechanization.

Alternatives, evaluation and judging factors must be there.



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SCOPE OF PRODUCION AND OPERATIONS

MANAGEMENT

(C) Facilities Location Includes where we can locate our operations.

In this wrong decision may prove disastrous

Location should be in way that the cost of transportation isminimized.

(D) Facilities layout and Material handling Arrangements of machines and plant facilities.

Over-lapping and no interruption should not be there

Sequencing of machines How to handle the material and in which manner so that the cost of

material handling is minimized.

Factor of flexibility should be there to adapt changes.



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SCOPE OF PRODUCION AND

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

(F) Capacity Planning

Estimating the capacity of manpower, man, machines.

Capacity refers to a level of output of the conversion process over a

period of time

The Transformation Process



OBJECTIVES OF OPERTAIONS

MANAGEMENT

THE OBJECTIVES OF THE OPERATIONS

MANAGEMENT ARE CLASSIFIED AS UNDER

´ Ultimate Objective

´ Intermediate Objective

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Ultimate Objective: The primary responsibility of

the manufacturing activity is to produce a product at pre-establishedcost, according to the specified quality and stipulated time ±

schedule.The ultimate objective can be classified under

Manufacturing Cost Estimating the manufacturing cost carefullyEfforts should be made to stick to the cost

standards.

Reduction in variable costs, Reduction in fixed cost



PRODUCT QUALITY STANDARD PRODUCT QUALITYAS PER SPECIFICATION BY

PRODUCT

ORC

UST

OME

R.

WORKERS MUST INFORMABOUT THE QUALITY PRESCRIPTION

MAINTENANCE OF THE QUALITY SHOULD BE THERE.

THERE SHOULD BE PROPER BALANCE BETWEEN QUALITY

AND COSTAND AS WELLAS TIME SCHEDULE

Intermediate Objectives: Production is the result of varioustypes of inputs, like men, machine, machines and manufacturing services.The intermediate goals can be spelled out under: Machinery and equipment,materials, manpower and manufacturing services.

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Manufacturing Time ScheduleThere are many forces which compel side tracking in themanufacturing activity operating etc.Time schedule of each and everything i.e.cycle time, inventory turnover rate, machine utilization rate, capacityutilization, machine and labour idle time, repair



MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT MACHINERY IS DIVIDED INTO: ACQUISITION OF MACHINERYAND

UTILIZATION OF MACHINERY

PROPER ADDITION IN THE MACHINERY SHOULD BE DONE AND

RE

PLACEME

NT

C

ANBE

.

EFFORTS SHOULD BE MADE TO INCREASE THE UTILIZATION OF

MAXIMUM OUTPUT FROM THE MACHINES

Materi als

´ The material objective must be prescribed in terms of units, rupees,and value and space requirement.

´ Efforts should be made to increase the inventory like raw materialetc.

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Effective utilization of manpower.The major objective is the Selection, Placement training, rewardingand utilization of man power should be done in proper manner.It also include the safety of the employee, absenteeism etc.

Manufacturing ServicesThere should be a proper arrangement of power,

water supply and material handling etc.The objective of manufacturing is as: to manufacture a

quality product, on schedule, customer satisfaction.



RESPONSIBILITIES OF P RODUC TION MANAGER

OR

FUNC TIONS OF P RODUC TION / OP ERATIONSMANGE ME NT

´ Following are the functions of Production Management & ProductionManager.

´ Production Planning

´ Production Control

´ Quality Control

´ Method Analysis

´ Inventory Control

´ Plant Layout

´ Material Handling

´ Work Measurement

´ Total Quality Management

´ Facility Location´ Product Design

´ Service Design

´ Quality Assurance

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