Ontario Smart Grid Forum - ieso.ca · Electric Vehicles and the Grid Ontario Smart Grid Forum October 14th, 2008 Dr. Arindam Maitra Senior Project Manager Electric Transportation

Electric Vehicles and the Grid

Ontario Smart Grid ForumOntario Smart Grid Forum

October 14th, 2008

Dr. Arindam MaitraSenior Project ManagerElectric Transportation

Power Delivery & Utilization (PDU)

EPRI Vision for Infrastructure

• Safe, intercompatible, and intelligent interface

• Common connector and communication standards

– SAE J1772, J2836• Smart Grid enabled

– Bi-directional data exchange between vehicle and grid

– AMI and non-AMI strategies to enable

EfficientBuildingSystems

UtilityCommunications

DynamicSystemsControl

DistributionOperations

ControlInterface

AdvancedMetering

Consumer Portal& Building EMS

Internet Renewables

PV

2© 2008 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

– AMI and non-AMI strategies to enable smart charging

• Understand System Impacts

• Smart Grid Initiatives and Demonstrations

• Synergistic with stationary energy storage, distributed generation

• Long-term R&D– Vehicle-to-grid

SystemsControl

DataManagement

DistributedGeneration& Storage

Plug-In Hybrids

SmartEnd-UseDevices

Auto Industry Interest in PHEVs (and EVs) Announced Programs by Most Major OEMs

PHEV or EREV EV

Production Saturn VUE2-Mode BlendedIntro: 2011 CY

Chevrolet VoltExtended Range EV

40-mile EV range16kWh Li-IonIntro: 2010 CY

Nissan2010 CY Daimler Smart ForTwo

2010 CY

Mitsubishi iMIEV2010 CY, 100 mile range,


Demo

Intro: 2010 CY

Ford Escape PHEV2008 CY, 21 car fleetwith SCE/EPRI/Utilities

VW Golf TwinDrive30 mile EV range20-car fleet, 2009

2010 CY, 100 mile range, PG&E, SCE demo

Dodge ZEO150-200 mile range

Subaru R1e50 Mile AER

10-car fleet 2008 CY

Ford/Eaton Trouble Truck10 truck fleet w/ utilities

Toyota Prius PHEV500-car fleet

2009 CY

Industrial 25.7%

Electricity – The Only Energy Source with Significan t Capacity to Support Transportation


Commercial36.2% Residential

37.5%10M EREVs and PHEVs

0.5%

DOE EIA, Annual Energy Outlook 2008, Tables A2. and A18.

Efficient use of electricity – 1% increase in electr icity to charge PHEVs saves 174 million barrels of petroleum annually

PHEVs are Synergistic with Low-Carbon Generation, Smart Grids


Creating the Electri city Net work of the Future

PHEV Charging is a Crucial Smart Grid Application

• Minimal grid impacts, maximum utility value

• Harmonize customer and utility requirements


EPRI vision of standards unification among IntelliGrid, SDOs and auto industry

SAE

JARI ULEAEC

Auto

OEMs

SAE J2847, J2836SAE J2847, J2836

RP 2.0 (Final c:2009)

INTERDEPENDENT

CONCURRENT

SYNCHRONOUS


EPRI IWC &

PHEVWGIEC

NEC

IEEE

EPRI

IntelliGrid

ZigBee

Alliance

HomePlug

Alliance

OpenAMIOpenHAN

UtilityAMI

IntelliGrid CIM 1.0

ZigBee Smart

Energy Profile 1.0

ZigBee Smart

Energy Profile 1.x

ZigBee Smart

Energy Profile 2.x

IntelliGrid CIM 2.0

Need for SAE development to work closely with the Smart Energy Alliance to bring all the Demand Response Program features under a single canopy

Distribution System Impacts

• Evaluate localized impacts of PHEVs to utility distribution systems

• Participants – ConEd, AEP, Hydro-Quebec, Dominion, TVA, Southern, NU, BC Hydro


• Thermal Loading• Losses• Voltage• Imbalance• Harmonics• Protection System

Impacts• Advanced Metering• EE devices

Distribution Impacts Plug-In Characteristics

• Plug-in vehicle type and range

• PEV market share and distribution

• Charge profile and power level

• Charger behavior

July 27th 2007 24 hr: Total Loading for the Feeder Under Study

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

12000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23Hours

Tot

al L

oadi

ng a

t Sub

stat

ion

(KW

)

Base Load Scenario

PHEV Case 1:- (120V, 15A) Charging @1am

off-peak load

off-peak load

Opportunity for Smart Charging

Load Growth in the Entertainment Sector

• Plasma TV prices are dropping which encourages

PLASMA TV SET TOP BOX

• Set-top boxes decode the signals sent by cable TV operators

Average Average PowerPower

300W!300W!5.5hrs/day5.5hrs/day

Average Average PowerPower

30W!30W!


• Plasma TV prices are dropping which encourages people to buy one!

• Typical Plasma TV 42” consumes as much as three times more power than 27” CRT TV

• By 2009, 16% of all TV’s shipped to North America will be Plasma (nearly 6 million TVs!)

operators

• They consume power even when they are Switched OFF!!

• They are typically ON 24x7

• Annual energy consumption of 2 set-top boxes is equal to the energy consumed by one refrigerator!

Example Assessment – Tankless Water Heaters

• Effect on required distribution transformer ratings• Effect on secondary conductor requirements• Effect on customer service rating requirements• Effect on power quality (voltage fluctuations or flicker)• Effect of current waveshape on possible transformer


• Effect of current waveshape on possible transformer saturation, metering, and other effects

11kW

28kW

EPRI PHEV Distribution Impact Supplemental


• Scope is distribution system, substation transforme r, primary distribution, distribution transformer, and secondary system up t o service entrance

System Modeling Tools

• Existing Modeling Tools– CYME CYMDIST– Milsoft– SynerGEE

• New Approaches and Tools


• New Approaches and Tools• Complete 3 phase distribution system representation• Ability to represent load profiles• Simulation over the entire year• Applicability to real time simulations• Stochastic assessments (e.g. Monte Carlo simulations)

� Distribution Engineering Workstation (DEW) � Distribution System Simulator (DSS)

Distribution Transformer Load Management

• The areas of distribution transformer failures and loadings will continue to receive increased attention.

• Customer-scale load estimation and modeling systems are becoming more prevalent, particular with the advent of Automated Meter Reading


particular with the advent of Automated Meter Reading (AMR) technology, AMI, and increased penetration of SCADA systems within distribution networks.

• These systems have made comprehensive Transformer Load Management systems a practical and attractive possibility.

Source: Distribution Transformer Failure and Load Analyses: Review of Historical Performance and Best Practices, EPRI Report Feb 2008

Study System (Assumptions)• Model every single customer, transformer, service• Charging – 120V, 12A & 240V, 20A, Others• Time of charge – Night charge & Day Time Charging

AC

Z

Z

Z

Z

Circuit (URBAN)Substation Utilized Capacity – 73%

Substation

Example System

DISTRIBUTION XFMR

• Substation Utilized Capacity – 73%• Load Class – 95% Residential and 5% Commercial• Total Circuit Length – 24 miles• No AMI Coverage• Summer Peak• 3260 customers (3103 Residential)

8760 Load Profile @ Substation

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

May

Jul Sep

Nov

06000

1200018000

2400030000360004200048000

5400060000

6600072000

kW

HourMonth

Total Loading at the Substation (2007) kW

66000-7200060000-6600054000-6000048000-5400042000-4800036000-4200030000-3600024000-3000018000-2400012000-180006000-120000-6000

Peak - July and AugustPeak Period @ Aug - 11am - 7pmPeak - 69.8MW @ Aug 8th, 2007 @ 2pmSubstation Transformer- 87MVA (Base Rating)Feeder Under Study Load (peak) - 15 MVA

Total Loading on Feeder Under Study (2007) kWPeak - Jan and July and August


15

17

19

21

23Ja

n Mar M

ay Month

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23Ja

n Mar M

ay

Jul Sep

Nov

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

kW

HourMonth

Total Loading on Feeder Under Study (2007) kW

10000-110009000-100008000-90007000-80006000-70005000-60004000-50003000-40002000-30001000-20000-1000

Peak Period @ July/Aug - 1pm - 8pmPeak Period @ Jan - 8am - 11am & 5pm-9pmPeak - 10.4MW @ July 27th, 2007 @ 5pm

Different Battery Charge Profile

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

120V15ACharge Profile120V 20ACharge Profile240V 15A Charge Profile240V 20A Charge Profile240V 30A Charge Profile

Battery Charge Profiles


0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hours/Day

KW

Aug 7th 2007 24 hr: TOTAL Loading@Substation

35000

40000

45000

50000

55000

60000

65000

70000

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22Hours

Tot

al L

oadi

ng a

t Sub

stat

ion

(KW

)

Base Load ScenarioPHEV Case 1:- (120V, 15A) Charging @1am Penetration=10%

PHEV Case 1:- (240V, 20A) Charging @1am Penetration=10%PHEV Case 1:- (120V, 15A) Charging @7pm Penetration=10%

PHEV Case 1:- (240V, 20A) Charging @7pm Penetration=10%

off-peak load

off-peak load



July 27th 2007 24 hr: Total Loading for the Feder U nder Study

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

12000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23Hours

Tot

al L

oadi

ng a

t Sub

stat

ion

(KW

)

Base Load ScenarioPHEV Case 1:- (120V, 15A) Charging @1am Penetration=10%PHEV Case 1:- (240V, 20A) Charging @1am Penetration=10%PHEV Case 1:- (120V, 15A) Charging @7pm Penetration=10%PHEV Case 1:- (240V, 20A) Charging @7pm Penetration=10%

off-peak load

off-peak load


0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22Hours

Developing the Smart Grid –EPRI Demonstration


EPRI Demonstration Initiative

Smart GridSensors….Two Way Communications….Intelligence

Information & Communication Enabled Power Infrastru cture

Distribution ConsumerTransmission SubstationMarkets


Acting on this Information Will:Enable active participation by consumers

Anticipate & respond to system disturbances (self-h eal) Accommodate all generation and storage options

Operate resiliently against attack and natural disa ster Enable new products, services and markets

Optimize asset utilization and operate efficiently Pro vide power quality for the digital economy

Acting on this Information Will:

EPRI Smart Grid Demonstrations

• Smart Grid Demonstrations for Integrating Distribut ed Resources

Deploying the Virtual Power Plant• Several regional demonstrations

– Multiple Levels of Integration– Multiple Types of Distributed Energy Resources


– Multiple Types of Distributed Energy Resources

To• Reduce Peak Demand• More efficient use of Generation resources• Reduce Carbon emissions, Enhance Markets……• Further Technologies / Systems enabling the Smart Grid

Smart Grid Demonstration Critical Elements Integration Level vs. DER Types

Preferred Smart Grid Preferred Smart Grid Preferred Smart Grid Preferred Smart Grid

Demonstration Project Demonstration Project Demonstration Project Demonstration Project

SystemOperations

OpenInterfaces

Use ofStandards

Interoperable

Integrated

INTEGRATION


Common Object Models

Funding Resources

System PlanningLEVEL

DemandResponse

DynamicRates

Renewables

System Resource

Customer Resource

PHEV

DistributedGeneration

Storage

Distributed Energy Resource Types

Smart Grid Demonstration Critical Elements

• Integration of Multiple Distributed Resource Types– Demand Response, Distributed Generation,

Storage, Renewable Generation


• Connect retail customers to wholesale conditions– Dyanamic Rates, Ancillary Services

• Integration with System Planning & Operations– Level of integration, Tools & Techniques, Visibility

Smart Grid Demonstration Critical Elements

• Critical Integration Technologies and Standards– Use of standards, common object models,

Comm interfaces

• Compatibility with EPRI’s Initiative and


• Compatibility with EPRI’s Initiative and Approach– Use cases, business case development,

enables wide spread integration

• Funding requirements and leverage of other funding resources– Government, Research Orgs, Vendors,

Universities– Capitol costs born by utility

Diverse Characteristics Lead to Multiple Demonstration Sites

• Regional characteristics – Weather– Regulatory / Market– Availability of Renewable Generation & Storage

• Customer / Load characteristics


– Residential, Commercial, Industrial

• Distribution system characteristics – Rural, suburban, urban overhead and underground systems

• Communication Infrastructure available– Public (internet, cellular) – Private (AMI, licensed)

Smart Grid DemonstrationsDistributed Resources as Virtual Power Plant

TransmissionTransmission

DistributionDistribution

G

CommunicationCommunication

Storage

Renewables

Leverage information and communication technologies

Connect Wholesale Conditions to Retail Market


Thermostat

Water Heater

PHEV

UPSBuilding Control Sys

LightingControl Sys

Process Control Sys

DistributedGen

AMI InterfaceLarge Loads

Distributed Energy ResourcesDistributed Energy Resources

CommunicationCommunication

System OpsDMS

Market

=Standard Interfaces

Objectives of the Demonstration Initiative

Define information models and communications interfaces– All Levels of distributed resource integration (home,

enterprise, market)

Develop application guidelines, integration requirements and standards for distributed resource integration.

Network ManagementSecurity

EnergyMarkets


Field Assessments to:– Understand required systems and technologies for

distributed resource integration

Verify Smart Grid business case assumptions – Describe costs and benefits associated DER

Integration

DER Integration

Data ManagementNetwork Management

Smart Grid Project Tasks

• Task 1: Analytics Framework Development

• Task 2: Critical Integration Technologies and Systems Architecture


• Task 3: Technology Demonstrations

• Task 4: Technology Transfer

EfficientBuildingSystems

UtilityCommunications

DynamicSystemsControl

DataManagement

DistributionOperations

DistributedGeneration& Storage

Plug-In Hybrids

SmartEnd-UseDevices

ControlInterface

AdvancedMetering

Consumer Portal& Building EMS

Internet Renewables

PV

Ontario Smart Grid Forum - ieso.ca · Electric Vehicles and the Grid Ontario Smart Grid Forum October 14th, 2008 Dr. Arindam Maitra Senior Project Manager Electric Transportation

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