Ohio Grape-Wine Electronic Newsletter · wine will appeal to wine drinkers who prefer a soft and fruity dry redwine. It also produces fruity and highly aromatic rose wines.The grape

Ohio Grape-Wine Electronic Newsletter

Editor: David Scurlock, Viticulture Outreach Specialist Department of Horticulture and Crop Science

Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center 1680 Madison Avenue

Wooster, OH 44691-4096

www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/grapeweb/

Content: 30 October 2015 (24)

CRAVE Conference-Cornell Information Packed Webinar New Minnesota Varieties named- Crimson Pearl & Verona Honey Bees-New Bio Chemical Miticide to Combat Varroa Mites OARDC Vineyard Update Know Your Grape and Wine Experts

Editor Note: The CRAVE Conference is a webinar conference that Cornell is making available outside of New York for the first time. This conference was organized by Dr. Tim Martinson, Senior Extension Associate, Section of Horticulture School of Integrative Plant Science, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University and Chris Gerling, Enology Extension Associate, Department of Food Science, Cornell University. This looks like a tremendous program that you can benefit from in the comfort of your office or wherever you have your computer. You must register and follow the procedures. There are really too many experts contributing to this webinar to mention so PLEASE…Read over the program and make time to learn a ton from experts on everything about grapes and wine.

CRAVE Conference

Cornell Recent Advances in Viticulture and Enology

November 4, 2015

8:30 – 3:30 PM

ILR Conference Center and WebEx webinar

You are invited…

The annual CRAVE (Cornell Recent Advances in Viticulture and Enology) conference features 15 minute presentations by Cornell faculty, extension associates, and graduate students on current extension and research topics of their choice. For this year’s conference, we would like to invite you to log on for as little or as much time as you want to hear cutting-edge presentations about viticulture, enology, economics and more. Find out what Cornell Research and Extension faculty and staff have been up to this past year.

To Attend:

WebEx: The entire program will be broadcast as a webinar you can access through your computer. To join the webinar, simply click on this link: Join CRAVE or:

https://cornell.webex.com/cornell/j.php?MTID=m9c2a3a53417a9ea90d708d06846c0c4b

Meeting number: 317 586 442 Meeting password: Grapes2015

And type in the password: Grapes2015

Then follow instructions to join the ‘audio conference’. You will hear the speakers’ audio and see their slides. You may also ask questions by typing them in at the ‘Chat bar’.

Topics include…

8:30 AM – 10:00 AM

• Production and establishment costs for cold-hardy grapes in the North Country (Gomez Program)

• Grapevine Red Blotch Disease – Economics and Potential Spread (Gomez and Fuchs Program)

• Winter and spring frost injury impact to Marquette and Frontenac (Martinson Program)

• Spatial ‘precision viticulture’ vineyard management project (Bates Program)

• Genetics of Black Rot resistance (Reisch Program)

10:30 AM – Noon

• Grape rootworm in the Lake Erie Region (Weigle & Loeb Program)

• Floor management impact on microbes in Riesling (Vanden Heuvel Program)

• Market developments and the future of the Bulk wine and juice industry (Martin, LERGP)

• Mechanical Thinning in 2013 and its effect on Concord productivity in ’14 (Haggerty/LERGP)

• Limits to tannin extraction and retention (Sacks Program)

• Adjusting air volume while spraying (Landers Program)

2:00 PM – 3:30 PM

• Microbial terroir: Wild yeast and bacteria and spontaneous fermentations (Mansfield Program)

• YAN requirements for Riesling in spontaneous and inoculated fermentations (Mansfield Program)

• Trends in grape maturity from 7 years of Veraison to Harvest (Gerling/Martinson Programs)

• Leaf removal and shoot tipping at bloom: Impact on cluster compactness and Botrytis. (Martinson Program)

For a detailed Program Agenda and topic:

CRAVE Schedule 2015

CRAVE Talk Summaries 2015

Timothy E. Martinson, Ph.D

Senior Extension Associate

Section of Horticulture,School of Integrative Plant Science

New York State Agricultural Experiment Station

Cornell University

PH 315-787-2448

FAX: 315-787-2216

Cell: 607-592-2616

http://hort.cals.cornell.edu/people/timothy-martinson

Crimson Pearl & Verona – New Cold Climate Varieties from Tom Plocher An October 6th article in Wines & Vines Magazine announced that Tom Plocher, a grape breeder from Hugo, MN named two “NEW” red cold climate winegrape varieties, Crimson Pearl and Verona. Tom is the breeder who introduced the Petite Pearl winegrape variety. According to Tom: Crimson Pearl (T.P. 2-1-17) is a sister of Petite Pearl and has proven to be the most adaptable north of the Twin Cities and in difficult parts of otherwise good sites. Hardiness, relatively late budbreak, and mid-season ripening all contribute to its adaptability. The vine starts to harden off its shoots in mid-August and, by the time the fruit is ripe, is fully hardened off to the tips. Its wine will appeal to wine drinkers who prefer a soft and fruity dry redwine. It also produces fruity and highly aromatic rose wines.The grape has an excellent natural balance between sugar, acidity, tannin, and fruitiness, allowing the winemaker to concentrate on varietal expression, rather than acid or alcohol manipulation. Verona, (T.P. 1-1-34) is a 1997 cross between Troubador (a cross by David Macgregor of Riparia 89 x St Croix) and E.S. 5-4-16, one of Elmer Swenson’s unnamed varieties. Over many years, it has produced the best quality wine of any of Tom’s selections, surpassing even Petite Pearl in blind tastings. Red wines from T.P. 1-1-34 are deeply colored with abundant soft tannins in the middle mouth and finish. They have a good balance between acid, tannin, and alcohol. Aroma is complex, raspberry with hints of chocolate. Rose wines from T.P. 1-1-34 are garnet in color, with cherry aroma, full-bodied, lush vinifera-like fruit, good balance and finish. Vines of Verona have not been as hardy in Hugo, MN and other Zone 4a test sites as Petite Pearl or Crimson Pearl. It also ripens rather late. It is recommended for planting south of the Twin Cities on good sites in Zones 4b or anywhere in Zone 5. In these milder areas, it has the potential to be very productive, having a large cluster, good vigor, and late budbreak in the spring. The following nurseries will be carrying Tom Plocher’s grape varieties: Northeastern Vine Suppy-Pawlet, VT Bevens Creek Vineyard & Nursery-Chanhassen, MN Viticulture A & M Inc.-Quebec, CA Inlet Desert Nursery-Benton City, WA References: a. New Cold Climate Grapes Releases, 10-6-15 Wines & Vines Magazine http://www.winesandvines.com/template.cfm?section=news&content=158849 b. Emerging Cold Hardy Winegrape Cultivars, 1-13-15 Northern Grape Project ppt: http://northerngrapesproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/NGP-Webinar-Plocher-and-Hart-Jan-2015.pdf c. Petite Pearl Plus: http://www.petitepearlplus.com/

Editor Note: Honeybees have been taking a real hit in recent years from disease, pesticides, severe cold winter weather and mite infestations. Most grapes are self-pollinating (the scuppernong variety in the south are the exception) so we as grape growers are not as dependent on honeybees for pollination but it will take a village if we all collectively can do our part to keep the honeybees healthy. Most all other fruit and vegetable crops are extremely dependent on their survival.

EPA Registers New Biochemical Miticide To Combat Varroa Mites In Beehives

Posted By: David Eddy | October 1, 2015

EPA has registered a new biochemical miticide, Potassium Salts of Hops Beta Acids (K-HBAs), which is intended to provide another option for beekeepers to combat the devastating effects of the Varroa mite on honey bee colonies.

The product is also expected to avoid the development of resistance toward other products. Rotating products to combat Varroa mites is an important tactic to prevent resistance development and to maintain the usefulness of individual pesticides.

The registrant, a company called Beta Tech Hop Products, derived K-HBAs from the cones of female hop plants, Humulus lupulus. To control mites on honey bees, the product is applied inside commercial beehives via plastic strips.

Varroa mites are parasites that feed on developing bees, leading to brood mortality and reduced lifespan of worker bees. They also transmit numerous honeybee viruses.

The health of a colony can be critically damaged by an infestation of Varroa mites. Once infested, if left untreated, the colony will likely die.

This biochemical, like all biopesticides, is a naturally-occurring substance with minimal toxicity and a non-toxic mode of action against the target pest(s). There are numerous advantages to using biopesticides, including reduced toxicity to other organisms (not intended to be affected), effectiveness in small quantities, and reduced environmental impact.

OARDC Vineyard Update by David Scurlock, Viticulture Outreach Specialist OSU/OARDC

Patrick Pierquet pressing the last reds for 2015 Photo by Dave Scurlock

Reds finished fermenting Photo by Dave Scurlock

SensoryEvaluation of the wines Photo by Dave Scurlock

Dormant Black Raspberry plants Photo by Dave Scurlock

Hop Planting ready for winter Photo by Dave Scurlock

Wooster Vineyard after several freezes Photo by Dave Scurlock

Wooster Vineyard hilled up for winter protection Photo by Dave Scurlock

Cherry trees after several freezes Photo by Dave Scurlock

Apple trees after several freezes Photo by Dave Scurlock

Weather Conditions: Weather comparisons of Oct. 10 year average vs. Oct. 2015 plus the total GDD for April 1-October 31 Oct. 10 YEAR AVERAGE VS. 2015 Oct. DATA

Year Precip.in. Ave. Max. Temp0F

Ave. Min. Temp 0F

September GDD

April-September

GDD 2014 1.9 61.6 43.1 116 2755 2013 3.1 63.8 44.1 195 2940 2012 4.3 61.5 43.1 142 3068 2011 3.7 61.6 42.5 118 3006 2010 1.4 63.8 41.8 126 3185 2009 3.4 59.0 39.3 62 2563 2008 1.5 62.0 38.7 93 2698 2007 3.8 69.3 48.1 283 3101 2006 4.5 59.7 40.1 107 2733 2005 2.9 63.1 43.0 156 3045

10 year Oct. average

2005-2014

3.0

62.5

42.4

139.8

2909.4

2015 data *Oct.1-28 2.3 64.5 42.9 140 2968

* 2015 October Data is inclusive up to October 28 2015 Total Accumulated GDD’s from April 1 to October 28 comparisons: 2005-2014 April-Oct. = 2909.4 GDD average versus 2015 April-Oct.28 = 2968 GDD August and September data are here to refresh your memory of the past season. AUGUST 2015 DATA -2.7 inches in precipitation below the 10 year average -1.50F below the 10 year average for Average Maximum Temperatures -2.50F below the 10 year average for Average Minimum Temperatures -104 GDD below the 10 year average for August GDD -106 GDD below the 10 year average from April 1-August

SEPTEMBER 2015 DATA +0.24 inches in precipitation above the 10 year average +3.90F above the 10 year average for Average Maximum Temperatures +3.10F above the 10 year average for Average Minimum Temperatures +60.1 GDD above the 10 year average for Sept. GDD +31.4 GDD above the 10 year average from April 1-Sept.

OCTOBER 2015 DATA -0.70 inches in precipitation below the 10 year average +2.00F above the 10 year average for Average Maximum Temperatures +0.50F above the 10 year average for Average Minimum Temperatures +0.2 GDD above the 10 year average for Oct. GDD +56.6.4 GDD above the 10 year average from April 1-Oct. GDD

What a nice fall we had to ripen grapes! Harvest parameters were excellent on the fruit that was harvested. We just did not have enough statewide because of the winter kill. On October 18 and 19 2015 Temperatures of 280F and 260F respectively ended the growing season in Wooster. The average long term Killing Frost is October 10 for Wooster. The season was a little earlier than normal and by the time we got our killing frost all of our grapes had been harvested. Pest & Disease Situation Weeds Weeds were a problem this year. The continual early springs either leached out the herbicide or made it impossible to get in and make an application. I know that our growers as a rule do not apply pre-emergent herbicides in the fall but if the weather conditions remain satisfactory until mid-December, it could be a good year to run an experiment of your own in part of your vineyard to make a comparison between a fall applied pre-emergent versus a spring applied pre-emergent. The soil temperature should be around 500F or less when your fall application is made to prevent the herbicide from breaking down as quickly. Hopefully the pre-emergent will be there in the spring killing those weeds seeds. The advantage is if the spring is too wet to apply a pre-emergent you will not have to worry because you are ahead of the curve. Contact our weed specialist Dr. Doug Doohan at 330-202-3593 or email at [email protected] for the best recommendations. Insects Phylloxera galls were seen statewide this year. These are controlled early in the spring you’re your very first two sprays. We have many insecticides that work to control phylloxera: Admire Pro soil applied at 7-14oz/A and foliar applied at 7oz/A Leverage applied at 5.1oz/A Mustang Max applied at 4oz/A Danitol applied at 10.7oz/A Baythroid applied at 5.3oz/A Movento applied at 8oz/A Assail applied at 4oz/A SWD were trapped prior to harvest and the appropriate insecticides were used. There are many insecticides with varying PHI’s to control these insects. We alternated between Baythroid @3oz/A, on our Wooster vineyards that has a 3 day PHI with Mustang Max @ 4oz/A that has a 1 day PHI. The BMSB never made an appearance in the vineyard this year. BMSB and MALB were not an issue in Wooster but I did hear they came on strong in the NE during the end of

harvest. We had BMSB pheromone traps in the Vineyard since the end of July and we did not catch a single one. I only saw a handful this summer and mainly on houses. Disease Downy and Powdery mildew were the major disease problems this year. I would have expected to see more bunch rot issues because of the powdery mildew infection of the grape clusters, but I really did not see or smell any bunch rot. Hot and dry conditions in August along with the fairly dry September followed by the drier than normal October helped to keep fruit rots to a minimum. We were fighting diseases from the beginning of the season and luckily the weather conditions changed to help us win the disease battle this year. Cultural Practices: We only applied 10 cover sprays to the vineyards in Wooster and harvest was completed October 7 with the harvesting of Chambourcin. Hilling was completed in the third week in Wooster. Sprayers are being winterized and a few rows are getting some pre-emergent herbicide treatments to compare weed growth in non- treated rows next spring.

Grower Observations: Harvest was really compressed. Most growers of non vinifera grapes were pleased with yields and quality of their grapes this year. Vinifera growers in the northeast are thankful for the grapes they did get this year even though on average yields were down 80%. Most vinifera vines were killed to the snow line this year and grapes that are being picked are within 2 feet of the ground. This makes it impossible to machine harvest but does yield a few tons per acre of good fruit. MALB were reported in large numbers in North East Ohio right at the end of soybean and grape harvest.

OSU Grape & Wine Research & Outreach Specialist Please contact the following Research, Extension/Outreach Specialists, and Educators if you have any questions relating to their respective field of expertise.

Contact Information Area of Expertise & Assistance

Provided Name & Address Phone Email & Website

Dr. Mike Ellis, Emeritus Professor Dept. Plant Pathology 224 Selby Hall ‐‐ OARDC 1680 Madison Avenue Wooster, OH 44691

330‐263‐3849

E‐mail: [email protected] *After Dec.1 2014 Website: http://www.oardc.ohio‐ state.edu/fruitpathology/

Grape diseases and control. Recommendation on grape fungicides

Dr. Celeste Welty Dept. of Entomology Columbus, Ohio

614‐292‐2803

E‐mail: [email protected]

Fruit and vegetable Insects

Dr. Doug Doohan, Professor Dept. Horticulture & Crop Science 205 Gourley Hall – OARDC 1680 Madison Avenue Wooster, OH 44691

330‐202‐3593

E‐mail: [email protected] Website: www.oardc.ohio‐ state.edu/weedworkshop/default.asp

Vineyard weeds and control. Recommendation on herbicides

Dr. Imed Dami, Associate Professor & Viticulture State Specialist Dept. Horticulture & Crop Science 216 Gourley Hall – OARDC 1680 Madison Avenue Wooster, OH 44691

330‐263‐3882

E‐mail: [email protected] Website: oardc.osu.edu/grapeweb/

Viticulture research and statewide extension & outreach programs. Recommendation on variety selection. Imed is the primary research contact of the viticulture program.

Contact Information

Area of Expertise& Assistance Provided

Name & Address Phone Email & Website

David Scurlock, Viticulture Outreach Specialist 118 Gourley Hall – OARDC 1680 Madison Avenue Wooster, OH 44691

330‐263‐3825

E‐mail: [email protected] Website: oardc.osu.edu/grapeweb/

Evaluation of site suitability for vineyard establishment and all aspects of grape production practices in northern Ohio. David is the primary extension contact of the viticulture program

Todd Steiner, Enology Program Manager & Outreach Specialist Dept. Horticulture & Crop Science 118 Gourley Hall – OARDC 1680 Madison Avenue Wooster, OH 44691

330‐263‐3881

E‐mail: [email protected] Website: oardc.osu.edu/grapeweb/

Commercial wine production, sensory evaluation, laboratory analysis/setup and winery establishment. Todd is the primary research and extension contact of the enology program

Dr. Gary Gao , Small Fruit Specialist and Associate Professor, OSU South Centers 1864 Shyville Road, Piketon, OH 45661 OSU Campus in Columbus Room 256B, Howlett Hall, 2001 Fyffe Ct Columbus, OH 43201

740-289-2071 ext.123 Fax:740-289-4591

E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://southcenters.osu.edu/

Viticulture Research and Outreach, VEAP visits in southern Ohio, vineyard management practices, soil fertility and plant nutrition, fruit quality improvement, variety evaluation, table and wine grape production

Station Manager Ashtabula Agricultural Research Station 2625 South Ridge Road Kingsville, OH 44048

440‐224‐0273

E‐mail: Website: www.oardc.ohio‐ state.edu/branches/branchinfo.asp?id=1

Winegrape production in Northeast Ohio, especially vinifera varieties

Contact Information

Area of Expertise& Assistance Provided

Name & Address Phone

Email & Website

David Marrison, County Extension Director, Associate Professor & Extension Educator, OSU Extension‐Ashtabula County 39 Wall Street Jefferson, Ohio 44047

440‐576‐9008 Ext. 106

E‐mail: [email protected] Website: ashtabula.osu.edu

Vineyard and winery economics, estate planning and Extension programs in Northeast Ohio