)تاتیبه( دحتم للم رشب ناکسا همانرب رتفدunhabitat.org.ir/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Water-Demand...Social Inclusion Sustainable Development Goals (17

1396مهرماه

(هبیتات)دفتر برنامه اسکان بشر ملل متحد

Cities are facing unprecedented demographic, environmental, economic, social and spatial challenges.

UN-Habitat is the United Nations programme working towards a better urban

future. Its mission is to promote socially and environmentally sustainable

human settlements development and the achievement of adequate shelter for

all.

UN-HABITAT’s Tehran Office was established in 2009 to strengthen

cooperation between the Islamic Republic of Iran and UN-Habitat, to

contribute towards capacity building in the themes of sustainable

urban development through policy development, institutional

implementation and improvement of required skills and to promote UN-

Habitat mandated activities in Iran.

UN-Habitat Urban Themes in Iran

Urban Legislation, Land & Governance

Urban Planning & Design (Mobility planning)

Urban Economy

Urban Basic Services (Water and Sanitation)

Housing & Slum Upgrading

Risk Reduction & Rehabilitation

Research & Capacity Building

Social Inclusion

Sustainable Development Goals (17 Goals, 169 Targets, 230 Indicators)

Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities

Goals 11 Sustainable cities and communities 11.2. By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums

GLOBAL CHALLENGE

Urbanization is one of the most important megatrends this century – already over half of the world’s population live in urban areas, this will rise to two thirds by 2050

Urban areas also have a crucial role to play in tackling climate change, as almost 70% of global greenhouse gas emissions come from cities. Sources overlap and include air pollution from transport, densely concentrated industrial and domestic energy use, and municipal uses such as street lighting.

Many cities are particularly vulnerable to disasters and the projected impacts of

climate change – including coastal sea level rise, urban heat waves, and other extreme weather events.

Considered and smart urban planning is key to ensuring safe, resilient and

sustainable cities, as lock-in of physical infrastructure and land use can last for decades.

Urban Water Demand Management Introducing demand responsive and demand management strategies to improve efficiency and equity of water supply and water use, and to give more influence to those currently deprived of water and sanitation. The Programme plans to focus on all aspects of demand management:

• Economic, • Social, • Technical, • Legal, • Administrative • Institutional

Urban Water Demand Management

UN-Habitat in I.R.IRAN

Agreement between the Government of Islamic Republic of Iran and

The United Nations Human Settlements Programme

Environment -Integrated natural resource management -Low carbon economy and climate change

Resilient economy -Inclusive growth, poverty eradication and social welfare - Food security, sustainable agriculture and improved nutrition - Sustainable urbanization -Natural disaster management - Sustainable employment -Population and development - Sustainable tourism and cultural heritage

Health -Universal health coverage - Prevention and control of non-communicable disease - Prevention and control of HIV/AIDS and other communicable disease -Promoting health throughout the course of life

Drug Control -Drug abuse prevention and treatment -Drug supply reduction

United Nations Development Assistance

Framework (UNDAF) 2017-2021

UN-Habitat Mandated Themes

New Urban Agenda

This century will see a substantial majority of the world’s population living in urban centres. It is now estimated that 54.5% of people live in urban areas. The Habitat III conference is the first Habitat conference to occur when the world population is majority urban. This makes Habitat III even more pressing, from the scale of global governance to that of the individual.

Habitat III

New Urban Agenda as a key instrument for national, sub-national, and local governments and all relevant stakeholders to achieve sustainable urban development

A. The Transformative Commitment for Sustainable Urban Development

• Sustainable Urban Development for Social Inclusion and Ending Poverty

• Sustainable and Inclusive Urban Prosperity and Opportunities for All

• Environmentally Sustainable and Resilient Urban Development

B. Effective Implementation

• Building the Urban Governance Structure: Establishing a Supportive Framework

• Planning and Managing Urban Spatial Development

• Means of Implementation

C. Follow-up and Review

New Urban Agenda Provisions Toward Resilience

and Sustainability

13h.Protect and restore ecosystems, water, natural habitats and biodiversity, minimize impacts to sustainable consumption and production patterns.

34.commit itself to provide potable and sanitation system to distribute fairly among all people and destroy all barriers.

70.Empowering local resources compare to heavy rely on distant energy sources to provide sustainable service.

71.Water as a very important part of the resources should be well managed through sustainable concerns by emerging ecosystem conservation, regeneration, restoration and resilience challenges.

73.conservation sustainability of water can be provided by treating wastewater, minimizing water losses, promoting water reuse and increasing water storage, retention and recharge.

119.To provide enough potable water and good sanitation facilities and satisfy health requirements in the disaster-related event by enhancing necessary infrastructures like hygiene, sewage, solid waste management, urban drainage and storm water management 120.By improving the capacity of infrastructures sustainable management shall be inputted to provide potable water and equitable sanitation.

New Urban Agenda Provisions Toward Resilience

and Sustainability

• A coherent set of decisions derived through a deliberate government-led process of coordinating and rallying various actors for a common vision and goal that will promote more transformative, productive, inclusive and resilient urban development for the long term (UN-Habitat, 2014).

National Urban Policy

Compact urban growth aims to intensify urban economic, social and cultural activities and to manipulate urban size though the promotion of activities such as urban regeneration, the revitalization of town centers, restraint on development in rural areas, higher densities, mixed-use development, and promotion of public transport, infill development, planned city extension and the concentration of urban development at public transport nodes.

A Key Qualifier: Compact, Integrated, and Connected Cities and Human Settlements

Challenges Toward Sustainable Water & sanitation

THE CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT

IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS

Challenges of Iran

• Changes of water levels and decreasing

resources

• Shortage of rainfall

• Inefficient agricultural techniques

• Inefficient water management (such as

planning of dams)

• Lack of management of surface water and

runoffs

• Overuse of underground reserves

• Inadequate waste water management

• Over-drainage

• Droughts and its impact on water and food

provision

• Desertification and deforestation

• Pollution of existing reserves

Water scarcity

Climate change

Tehran-specific challenges

• Disregard of utilization of

traditional methods like Qanat

• Subsidence

• Climate change consequences

(such as shortage of rain or

snowfall)

The Multidimensional Impacts of Water and Sanitation

The Multidimensional Impacts of Water and Sanitation

“Water is probably the only natural resource to touch all aspects of human civilization —from agricultural and industrial development to the cultural and religious values embedded in society.”

Courtesy of UNESCO

24

How to deal with the different dimensions of water and sanitation

25

The intervention logic can be split into 3 different areas:

Public Health

Economy

Sustainable Eco-System

26

Public Health Intervention Logic

Institutional Reform

Education

Infrastructure (construction/ maintenance)

Improved Health

Increased Access to Basic Sanitation

Increased Affordability of Water & Sanitation

Reduced Rate of Water Related Diseases

Social Development

Improved Water & Sanitation Health & Hygiene Behaviour

Increased Access to Water

Greater Equity in Allocation of Water & Sanitation

Improved Quality of Water & Sanitation

OUTPUT CLUSTERS

GLOBAL IMPACTS INTERMEDIATE IMPACTS SPECIFIC IMPACTS

RESULTS/ OUTCOMES

Did you know?

More than 2.2 million

people die each year from

diseases associated with

poor water and sanitary conditions

Did you know? 17% of the world’s people lack access to safe water and 40% lack access to adequate sanitation services

Indicators • Water and sanitation hygiene awareness

• Domestic access to safe water

• Access to basic sanitation

Indicators • Pollution of water and soil • Treatment of waste water • Equity in domestic water and sanitation allocation

• Household expenditure on water and sanitation

Indicator • Rate of water borne diseases

Courtesy of UNESCO

27

Economy Intervention Logic

Improved Use of Water & Sanitation

Economic Growth



Increased Employment

OUTPUT CLUSTERS

GLOBAL IMPACTS INTERMEDIATE IMPACTS

SPECIFIC IMPACTS RESULTS/ OUTCOMES

Greater equity in Allocation of Water


Improved Conditions for Economic Growth


Economy

Did you know?

Use of fresh water: 70 % irrigation 22 % industry 8 % domestic use

Indicators

• Employment resulting from water and sanitation construction and maintenance

• Irrigation requirements

• Equity in allocation of water between sectors

• Cost of water for business

Indicator

• Business access to water

Indicator

• Business productivity

Courtesy of UNESCO

28

Sustainable Eco-System Intervention Logic

Environment


Reduced vulnerability of Ecosystem to climatic events

Sustainable National Water Supply


Improved Conservation & Preservation of Water

GLOBAL IMPACTS INTERMEDIATE IMPACTS

RESULTS/ OUTCOMES

OUTPUT CLUSTERS

Did you know?

By 2025 water withdrawals

are predicted to increase by

50% in developing countries

and 18% in developed

countries

Education

Indicators

• Availability of water • Preservation of water

• Water leakages • Recycling of water

Indicator

• Sustainable extraction of water

Courtesy of UNESCO

Environment



Improved Health

Reduced vulnerability of Ecosystem to climatic events

Sustainable National Water Supply

Increased Access to Basic Sanitation

Strong Link

Link

Reduced Rate of Water Related Diseases

Improved Conservation & Preservation of Water

Social Development

Greater Equity in Allocation of Water & Sanitation

Improved Quality of Water & Sanitation

Improved Water & Sanitation Health & Hygiene Behaviour

Education



Improved Conditions for Economic Growth Economic

Growth

Economic


Increased Employment

Poverty Reduction

GLOBAL IMPACTS OUTPUT CLUSTERS

SPECIFIC IMPACTS

RESULTS/ OUTCOMES

INTERMEDIATE IMPACTS

Effects

Sustainable Development Goals

Courtesy of UNESCO

Global Impacts Intermediate

Impact

Specific

Impact

Results/

Outcomes

The Missing Middle

30

Programming Implementation

Outputs

Courtesy of UNESCO

List of Indicators:

SPECIFIC/INTERMEDIATE IMPACT INDICATOR 17. Business productivity

- x% change in food production/yield and processing costs -x% change in industrial production costs INTERMEDIATE IMPACT INDICATORS

18. Sustainable extraction of water

- Annual extraction of from surface and ground water, in relation to its minimum annual recharge (i.e. water balance sheet) 19. Rate of water borne diseases

-Inflection rates for diseases such as diarrhoea, intestinal worms, parasitic infections etc.

SPECIFIC IMPACTS INDICATORS 13. water and sanitation hygiene awareness

- Improved collection and storage of drinking water - Proportion of people hand washing - Use of hygienic sanitation facilities 14. Domestic access to safe water (inc. time savings)

- Number of households connected to water network for x months of year - Number of households within 1km of safe water for x months of year -Number of households who receive more than 20 litres of water per day 15. Business access to water

- x% of agricultural water needs meet for x months of the year - x% of industrial water needs meet for x months of the year 16. Access to basic sanitation

-Number of people with access to basic sanitation

RESULTS/OUTCOMES INDICATORS

1. Availability of water - Change in water levels for lakes, rivers and water table

2. Preservation of water - Area of protected wetlands, lakes and rivers

3. Irrigation requirements - Amount of water needed to produce xm² of x food

4. Water leakages - % of water lost through water systems due to leakages

5. Recycling of water - Amount of sanitation water that is recycled - Amount of water used in industry that is recycled

6. Employment resulting from water and sanitation construction and maintenance -Number of people directly and indirectly employed in water and sanitation construction and maintenance projects

7. Pollution of water and soil - Levels of chemicals, minerals, metals, pesticides etc in soil and water (surface and ground water).

8. Treatment of waste water - Proportion of domestic, agricultural and industrial waste water that is treated before being discharged

9. Equity in domestic water and sanitation allocation - Rate of connection to water/sanitation network for slums/shanty towns compared to national average

- Level of rural poor connection to water/sanitation network compared to national average 10. Equity in allocation of water between sectors - Implementation of transparent public or public/private mechanisms to allocate water 11. Household expenditure on water and sanitation - x% of household expenditure on water and sanitation by each income group in society 12. Cost of water for businesses - Water as a x% cost of agricultural value - Water as a x% cost of industrial value

Courtesy of UNESCO

How UN Habitat can support the management in this regard

GREENER CITIES PARTNERSHIP

Memorandum of Understanding between UN Habitat and Tehran Province Water and Wastewater Company, The collaboration between the parties will be implemented with a focus on:

1. green and sustainable urban development 2. capacity building, education and training, 3. sustainable water management, 4. water and sanitation infrastructure and facilities, 5. water productivity and efficiency, 6. water quality management, 7. water accounting and water auditing,

8. water safety regulations.

The primary result of the collaboration

• Policies, projects and programmes are developed under the themes of sustainable water and sanitation management, infrastructure and facilities provision, urban development and climate change;


The Green Climate Fund (GCF)

Project objectives

• The “waste water treatment plant” project improved access of residents to environmentally friendly sewerage systems

• increasing sewer coverage capacity and reliability in the west of Tehran

• The project aims to collecting the raw domestic wastewater from West and Southwest of Tehran which contains slums and low income people

• The proposal involves design, construction and operation of four modules :

1. of basic and new treatment facilities, namely disinfection unit (UV) with micro strainer,

2. Sludge stabilization plant (such as CHP) 3. Resulting sludge from two wastewater

treatment plants, discharged to the sewage lines upstream of the tunnel

4.

The Green Climate Fund (GCF)


• The capacity of the technical and the managerial bodies and experts of TPWW is enhanced through training courses, workshops, national and international awareness campaigns etc



• High level meetings, lectures, workshops and conferences on water and sanitation are jointly organized and the results are presented at the national

and international levels.


Urban Agenda, adopted at Habitat III, and considering the commitment of UN-Habitat programme to capacity building, Office of Tehran is devising and delivering innovative training courses across multiple thematic areas. As UNITAR elaborates, training course help enhance the effectiveness of the UN through diplomatic training, and to increase the impact of and support country level actions through awareness-raising, education and training of public policy officials, for shaping a better future.



Habitat can hold courses for the following categories:

Training courses for managers and experts

Training courses for the professionals

Capacity building training courses for public awareness-raising

Training NGOs oriented towards training them as Habitat ambassadors

Primary result of the collaboration

• Joint projects in accordance with the mandate of UN-Habitat and agreed areas of cooperation with this MoU are developed


Sustainable Water Cycle Tools in

Urban Environments

Waste water is considered as part of a complete system, not only in the the treatment and discharge, but also in the whole process of consumption of water resources. Therefore, instead of being considered as substances to eliminate, become a water resource. This approach allows you to design the various parts in order to optimize the system as a whole.

SYSTEMS TYPES OF WETLANDS/ FITODEPURATION SYSTEM

RECOVERY OF GRAY WATER

RECOVERY OF METEORIC WATER

DISCHARGE WATER MANAGEMENT IN ZOOTECHNOLOGY AND AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES

REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN AGRICULTURE IN SOUTH OF TEHRAN PROVICES

THE FITODEPURATION FOR SMALL URBAN CENTERS AND

ISOLATED FRACTIONS

“The phytodepuration systems is a natural treatment technique that reproduces natural purification processes in a controlled environment. The phytodepuration are well adapted and fully reflect the concept of appropriate treatment provided by the sustainable water cycle management”

the use of a fitodepuration system for treating the waste of small fractions and isolated centers can have obvious advantages in terms of minimizing management costs: you can manage your facility with simple periodic visits, avoiding the constant presence of on-site staff. In particular, the choice of a "French system” allows to completely eliminate the problem sewage sludge treatment. there are no primary treatments and the wastewater, after grilling,could be sent directly to the first stage of the phytodepuration system.

Great efficiency abatement of organic matter, bacterial loads and nutrients even at varying loads

Simplicity of function and realization

Low cost maintenance compared to traditional systems

no energy consumption

No managemet cost

great environmental integration

absence of odor

Advantage

Recovery of Grey Water

Reducing the need for fresh water. Saving on fresh water use can significantly reduce household water bills, but also has a broader community benefit in reducing demands on public water supply.

Reducing the amount of wastewater entering sewers or on-site treatment systems. Again, this can benefit the individual household, but also the broader community.

Advantage

Reuse of Grey Water

1. Irrigation, irrigation and Reuse in

agriculture crops, as well as for irrigation of green areas, ricreative and sportive;

2. civilian, for washing the streets of

urban centers, for heating or cooling systems, for supplying dual networks separate from those for drinking water;

3. Industrial, like fire water with the

exclusion of uses that involve contact between recovered waste water and food or pharmaceutical and cosmetic products;

Recovery of Meteoric Water

Comparison between traditional approach and

sustainable rainwater resource management

• negative impacts on water bodies (high rates of water flow in short duration and considerable pollution loads from diffused sources);

• overflow of sewage with risk of regurgitation and flooding;

• microclimate alterations

reducing run-off volumes by creating conditions favoring soil infiltration and contributing In charging the groundwater aquifer;

the reduction of the polluting load carried by the waters of rain;

the recovery and reuse of rainwater reduction of hydraulic risk

)تاتیبه( دحتم للم رشب ناکسا همانرب رتفدunhabitat.org.ir/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Water-Demand...Social Inclusion Sustainable Development Goals (17

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