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Демонстрациони огледи у обради теме Њутнови закони- дипломски рад - Ментор: Кандидат: Др Душанка Обадовић, ред.проф. Ђорђе Ћипаризовић Нови Сад, 2007. УНИВЕРЗИТЕТ У НОВОМ САДУ ПРИРОДНО МАТЕМАТИЧКИ ФАКУЛТЕТ ДЕПАРТМАН ЗА ФИЗИКУ
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Njutnovi zakoni primeri

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Njutnovi yakoni
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  • - -

    : :

    , ..

    , 2007.

  • 2

    1. .....................................................................................................3

    1.1. ......................................................................4

    2. ...................................................................................5 2.1. ...........................................................................................6

    2.2. ................................................................7

    2.3. O ..................................................................................................8

    2 .4. .................................................9

    2.5. ...................................................................................11

    2.6. ....................................................................................12

    3. .................................................................................14

    3.1. .............................................................................14 3.1.1. ....................16

    3.1.2. ............................................................................................17

    3.1.2.1 ..............................17

    3.1.2.2. 1 .................................................19

    3.1.2.3. 2 ...................................................20

    3.1.2.4. 3 ................................................22

    3.2. ............................................................................23 3.2.1. .......................................................................................24 3.2.2. .......................25

    3.2.2.1. .......................................................................27

    3.3. ..................................................................29

    3.3.1. ................................................................30

    4. .........................................................32

    4.1. .................................................33 4.2. ...............................................35

    5. ..............................................................................................42

    6. ...........................................................................................43

    7. ..............................................................................44

    8. ............................................45

  • 3

    (Isaac Newton)

    1.

    ,

    . ?

    : ,

    . ,

    ,

    (Denis Diderot) .

    [1].

    .

    . .

    ,

    .

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  • 4

    1.1.

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    , ,

    [3].

    . ,

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    [2].

    ,

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    [4].

  • 5

    2.

    ,

    (Galileo Galilei), 1590. ,

    : , . ,

    .

    (Isaac Newton)

    , ,

    [5].

    e , , ,

    ,

    . 4. 1643. , 20. 1727. .

    (Philosophiae

    Naturalis Principia Mathematica), 1687,

    , ()

    .

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    .

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    ()

    .

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    (Gottfried Leibniz) .

    , .

    .

  • 6

    - (Joshep Louis Lagrange)

    , ,

    , ,

    . (Alexander Pope),

    , :

    ;

    .

    (Nature and nature's laws lay hid in night;

    God said "Let Newton be" and all was light.)

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    , ,

    (Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, Lincolnshire, England).

    , .

    (Grantham),

    . , , ,

    .

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    (The King's School, Grantham),

    .

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  • 7

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    ,

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    ).

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  • 8

    ), ,

    .

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    O 1670 1672, .

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    ) ()

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  • 9

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    . 1671,

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  • 10

    ,

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    .

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    .

    , , 1687 ,

    ,( Philosophiae Naturalis

    Principia Mathematica),

    .

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    , 400 .

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    .

    (I,

    II III ), .

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  • 11

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    . (John Conduitt),

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    :

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    , (William Stukeley),

    , 15

    1726,

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  • 12

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    (1727),

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    1690-

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    .

    1689 1690, 1701,

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  • 13

    1699, .

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    1705 .

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    .

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    .

    , 20. 1727, .

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    .[6]

  • 14

    3.

    .

    :

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    . ,

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    , , .

    , .

    .

    .

    . ,

    , .

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    .

    v0 0=v

    v0 0=v

    v0 0=v

    . 3.1

  • 15

    ,

    , (.3.1),

    :

    .

    , .

    - , ,

    .

    , ,

    .

    , .[7]

    ,

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    , :

    0...321 ==++++ rn FFFFFrrrrr

    , .

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  • 16

    3.1.1. I

    1. 2. ( ) 3. 4. 5.

    - 1:

    . , , , . .

    -2: -

    - 3:

    ,

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    ).

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    .

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  • 17

    .

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    .

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    .

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    I. K e

    II. 1 -

    III. 2 -

    IV. 3- -

    3.1.2.1. K e

    , ,

    .

    ( )

    1.

    2.

    3.

    4.

    5.

    6.

  • 18

    v0

    .3.2

    ,

    ( ) (.3.2).

    .

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    , ,

    o .

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  • 19

    , (. ).

    .

    0...321 ==++++ rn FFFFFrrrrr

    .

    .

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    ,

    1.

    2.

    3.

    , (.3.3)

    . , .

    . 3.3

  • 20

    ,

    , . (.3.4)

    iFr

    trFr

    ar Fr

    .3.4

    , 0=+ tri FFrr

    ( ).

    , , .

    , ,

    , .

    .

    .

    , ,

    : amFirr =

    , .

    3.1.2.3. 2

    1.

    2. 1kg 2kg

  • 21

    , (.3.5)

    , .

    1Fr

    2Fr

    Tr

    gmr gmr

    iFr

    3.5

    , 1Fr

    , ,

    . , , 2Fr

    , .

    , ,

    .

    .

    , .

  • 22

    3.1.1.4. 3-

    :

    1.

    2.

    . (.3.6)

    .

    . .

    3.6

    .

    .

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  • 23

    - 4: , . . . , , . -5: ( ).

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    , ,

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    (.3.7). .

    .

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    2tsa = .

  • 24

    ( ...,, 321 FFF ). ( ...,, 321 aaa ),

    :

    a ~ F

    (

    ).

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    :

    ma 1~

    II :

    ,

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    v = . II :

    ,

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    , II

    Fr .

    II .

    kg1 21 sm

    ( 2111 smkgN = ).

    3.2.1. -

    .

    , .

    .

  • 25

    .

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    .

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    (90%) (10%),

    (39 mm), .

    (kg).

    3.2.2. II

    , ,

    :

    amF rr =

    ( )12

    12

    ttvvm

    tvmF

    ==

    rrrr .

    12

    12

    12

    12

    ttpp

    ttvmvmF

    ==

    rrrrr

    tpF

    =rr

    .

  • 26

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  • 27

    3.2.2.1. -

    , .

    1. ( )

    2.

    3.

    4.

    5.

    3.8 3.9

    (.3.8) (.3.9),

    , .

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    .

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    F

  • 28

    F

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    ,

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    .

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    ,

    .

    , , .

    ,

    , :

    amF rr =

    ,

    (.3.10) .

    trFr

    vr 3.10

    amFtrrr =

    , ,

    , .

    .

  • 29

    3.3.

    . .

    , . :

    ,

    .

    ,

    . (.3.11)

    ;

    .

    1Fr

    2Fr

    3.11

    ,

    .

    :

    ,

    .

    :

    21 FFrr =

    1Fr

    2Fr

    . 1Fr

    , 2Fr

    ,

    .

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    2Fr ,

    :

    , .

  • 30

    :

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    ) ( ,

    ).

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    .

    .

    3.3.1.

    , ,

    .

    1.

    2. ( 5m)

    3.

    4.

    5.

  • 31

    3.12

    ,

    . (.3.12) .

    . . (.3.13)

    3.13

    , .

    bv pp = bbvv vmvm =

    : pv - , mv - , vv - , pb -

    , mb - , vb - . .

    :

  • 32

    vb

    vb vm

    mv =

    vv , p1

    p ( ) ,

    p1 > pat , :

    ( )

    v

    atv

    ppv = 12

    p1 , v ( - )= 1,293 kg/m3.

    vv vb .

    .

    vv. F

    :

    ( )v

    vvv vt

    mtvm

    F =

    =

    .

    4.

    I ( )

    .

    , .

    ,

    () .

  • 33

    , ,

    [8].

    4.1.

    .

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    ( ). I

    .

    I ,

    .

    , ,

    , , .

    ,

    ( ) , ,

    . (.4.1)

    , o .

    z

    z M

    o y

    x

    o y

    x 4.1

  • 34

    - ', -

    - .

    :

    +

    :

    = o+

    = - ()

    o= const ( ), =const, =const.

    : .

    , ,

    .

    ,

    , :

    = ()

    =0 ( ).

    ,

    .

    ( ):

    .

  • 35

    .

    .

    .

    () ( ) (

    )

    ,

    .

    , , ,

    .

    :

    . ,

    .

    4.2.

    (.4.2)

  • 36

    , , (.4.2)

    , t = 0:

    .

    ( ,

    :

    , , .

    , :

    ( ) ( ):

    , :

    ,

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    :

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    ,

    .

  • 37

    , ,

    . , :

    II :

    , ,

    ,

    .

    ( )

    ( ) .

    1

    m=50 kg ,

    (N). (.4.3)

    (.4.3)

    ,

    .

    , , , .

  • 38

    ,

    . , ,

    ( , , )

    . .

    , , ,

    ( ).

    , .

    :

    g=9.8 m/s2 ,

    .

    , ,

    ( ), , ,

    .

    , .

    ( ,

    ) :

    , 3 m/s2 , .

    ,

    ,

    .

    . ,

    ( )

    . ,

  • 39

    ,

    () , ,

    , .

    , , .:

    , , ,

    3 m/s2. a

    ( y ):

    , 340N.

    ( ,

    )

    ,

    , , :

    , , , , :

    ? , .

    a = g ,

    N=0, .

    m.

    ,

    .

  • 40

    ,

    , . , ,

    .

    2

    (.4.4)

    . (.4.4)

    (

    ).

    m.

    () .

    .

    , r,

    an , :

  • 41

    , ,

    ,

    . ,

    . , ,

    () ,

    ( ), .

    :

  • 42

    5.

    VI I

    . VI I , VII , II

    III . I .

    . , ,

    .

    ,

    , ,

    .

    :

    1

    2

    3

    .

    .

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    .

    .

    ,

    .

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    .

  • 43

    6.

    1. . , . , . , . , ,

    , , 1972

    2. . , ,

    , ,1993

    3. . , . , . ,

    ,

    , , 2005

    4. . , , ,

    , 2006/2007

    5. . , . , III

    - , , ,

    , , 1990

    6. http://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isak Njutn

    7. . , 1 , ,

    , 2002

    8. http://old.sf.bg.ac.yu/katotn/Fizika/

  • 44

    7.

    , 02.04.1958. ,

    ,

    . .

  • 45

    UNIVERZITET U NOVOM SADU PRIRODNO-MATEMATIKI FAKULTET

    KLJUNA DOKUMENTACIJSKA INFORMACIJA

    Redni broj: RBR

    Identifikacioni broj: IBR

    Tip dokumentacije: TD

    Monografska dokumentacija

    Tip zapisa: TZ

    Tekstualni tampani materijal

    Vrsta rada: VR

    Diplomski rad

    Autor: AU

    ore iparizovi

    Mentor: MN

    Dr. Duanka Obadovi, red.prof.

    Naslov rada: NR

    Demonstracioni ogledi u obradi teme Njutnovi zakoni

    Jezik publikacije: JP

    srpski (irilica)

    Jezik izvoda: JI

    srpski/engleski

    Zemlja publikovanja: ZP

    Srbija i Crna Gora

    Ue geografsko podruje: UGP

    Vojvodina

    Godina: GO

    2007

    Izdava: IZ

    Autorski reprint

    Mesto i adresa: MA

    Prirodno-matematiki fakultet, Trg Dositeja Obradovia 4, Novi Sad

    Fiziki opis rada: FO

    8/48/-/17/-/-/

    Nauna oblast: NO

    fizika

    Nauna disciplina: ND

    Demonstracioni eksperiment u nastavi

    Predmetna odrednica/ kljune rei: PO UDK

    Njutnovi zakoni, inercija, inertnost, masa,sila.

    uva se: U

    Biblioteka departmana za fiziku, PMF-a u Novom Sadu

    Vana napomena: VN

    nema

    Izvod: IZ

    Prikazana je obrada teme Njutnovi zakoni. Tema je obraena eksperimentalno uz odgovarajue teorijsku interpretaciju. Realizovani su sledei demonstracioni ogledi: Kretanje kuglice du razliitih podloga, Inercija 1 Novi u ai, Inercija 2 Kidanje konca, Inercija 3 Kuglica i aa, Fliper i Let do zvezda. Ogledi predstavljaju eksperimentalnu podlogu za uvoenje i lake razumevanje pojmova, koji predstavljaju osnovu Njutnovih zakona.

    Datum prihvatanja teme od NN vea: DP 18.05.2007.

    Datum odbrane: DO 02.07.2007.

  • 46

    lanovi komisije: KO

    Predsednik: Dr. Sran Raki, docent lan: Dr. Milan Panti, vanr. prof. lan: Dr. Duanka Obadovi, red.prof.

  • 47

    UNIVERSITY OF NOVI SAD FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS

    KEY WORDS DOCUMENTATION

    Accession number: ANO

    Identification number: INO

    Document type: DT

    Monograph publication

    Type of record: TR

    Textual printed material

    Content code: CC

    Final paper

    Author: AU

    ore iparizovi

    Mentor/comentor: MN

    PhD Duanka Obadovi, full professor

    Title: TI

    Demonstrational ehperiments dealing vith the theme Newtonlaws

    Language of text: LT

    Serbian (cirilic)

    Language of abstract: LA

    English

    Country of publication: CP

    Serbia and Montenegro

    Locality of publication: LP

    Vojvodina

    Publication year: PY

    2007

    Publisher: PU

    Author's reprint

    Publication place: PP

    Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Trg Dositeja Obradovia 4, Novi Sad

    Physical description: PD

    8/48/-/17/-/-/

    Scientific field: SF

    Physisics

    Scientific discipline: SD

    Demonstrational ehperiments in teaching

    Subject/ Key words: SKW UC

    Newtons Laws, Inertia, Mass, Force

    Holding data: HD

    Library of Department of Physics, Trg Dositeja Obradovia 4

    Note: N

    none

    Abstract: AB

    Here is described and shown theme Newtons Laws. The theme is processed tentatively (experimentally) with corresponding theoretical interpretation. Following demonstrational experiments are realized:Moving of the ball along different backgrounds, Inertia Coin in a glass, Inertia Tearing of a thread, Inertia Ball and glass, Flipper and Flight to the stars. Experiments represent experimental background for introduction and easier understanding of concepts which represent base of Newton laws.

  • 48

    Accepted by the Scientific Board: ASB

    18.05.2007.

    Defended on: DE

    02.07.2007.

    Thesis defend board: DB

    President: PhD Sran Raki, assistent professor Member: PhD Milan Panti, associate professor Member: PhD Duanka Obadovi, full professor