Name: Period: 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology · 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology ! ... an introduction to the organ systems forming the body as a whole ...

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Name: Period: 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Study Guide !THE HUMAN BODY: AN ORIENTATION

Most of us have a natural curiosity about our bodies, and a study of anatomy and physiology elaborates on this interest. Anatomists have developed a universally acceptable set of reference terms that allows body structures to be located and identified with a high degree of clarity. Initially, you might have difficulties with the language used to describe anatomy and physiology, but without such a special vocabulary, confusion is bound to occur. The topics in this chapter enable you to test your mastery of terminology commonly used to describe the body and its various parts, and concepts concerning functions vital for life and homeostasis. Body organization from simple to complex levels and an introduction to the organ systems forming the body as a whole are also cov-ered. !

LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION !1. The structures of the body are organized into successively larger and more complex structures. Fill in the an -

swer blanks with the correct terms for these increasingly larger structures. !Molecules ➙ _________________ ➙ _________________ ➙ _________________ ➙ __________________ ➙ Organism !!

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2. Circle the term that does not belong in each of the following rowed groupings.

!3. Identify the organ systems to which the following organs or functions belong. Insert the correct term in the an -

swer blanks. !________________________ a. Rids the body of nitrogen-containing wastes

________________________ b. Is affected by the removal of the thyroid gland

________________________ c. Provides support and levers on which the muscular system can act

________________________ d. Includes the heart

________________________ e. Protects underlying organs from drying out and mechanical damage

________________________ f. Protects the body; destroys bacteria and tumor cells

________________________ g. Breaks down foodstuffs into small particles that can be absorbed

________________________ h. Removes carbon dioxide from the blood

________________________ i. Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues

________________________ j. Moves the limbs; allows facial expression

________________________ k. Conserves body water or eliminates excesses

________________________ l. Provides for conception and childbearing

________________________ m. Controls the body with chemicals called hormones

________________________ n. Is damaged when you cut your finger or get a severe sunburn !4. Choose the organ system to which each of the following sets of organs belongs. Enter the correct term in the

answer blanks. !________________________ a. Blood vessels, heart

________________________ b. Pancreas, pituitary, adrenal glands

________________________ c. Kidneys, bladder, ureters

________________________ d. Testis, vas deferens, urethra

________________________ e. Esophagus, large intestine, rectum

________________________ f. Breastbone, vertebral column, skull

________________________ g. Brain, nerves, sensory receptors !5. Figures 1 to 6, on the following pages, represent the various body organ systems. First identify and name

each organ system by labeling the organ system under each illustration. Then label the appropriate diagram’s corresponding structures in the illustrations. !!!!

a. Electron Cell Tissue Alive Organ

b Brain Stomach Heart Liver Epithelium

c. Epithelial tissue Heart Muscle tissue Nervous tissue Connective tissue

d. Human Digestive system Horse Pine tree Mushroom




Blood, Heart Nasal Cavity, Lungs, Trachea

Figure 1 Figure 2 ! ________________________ ________________________

!! 3

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Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder

Figure 3 Figure 4 ! ________________________ ________________________ !!




Stomach, Intestines, Esophagus, Oral Cavity Ovaries, Uterus

Figure 5 Figure 6 ! ________________________ ________________________




6. Label the following diagrams.

!!




7. Select different colors for the dorsal and ventral body cavities. Color the coding circles below and the corre-sponding cavities in part A of the figure. Complete the figure by labeling those body cavity subdivisions that have a leader line. Complete part B by labeling each of the abdominal regions indicated by the leader line.

❍Dorsal Body Cavity ❍Ventral Body Cavity

A B !!8. Select the key choices that identify the following body parts or areas. Enter the appropriate letter or corre-

sponding term in the answer blanks. Key Choices !

Abdominal Buccal Inguinal Pubic Antecubital Cervical Lumbar Scapular Axillary Femoral Occipital Sural Brachial Gluteal Popliteal Umbilical !!

________________________ a. Armpit ________________________ g. Anterior aspect of elbow

________________________ b. Thigh region ________________________ h. Posterior aspect of head

________________________ c. Buttock area ________________________ i. Area where trunk meets thigh

________________________ d. Neck region ________________________ j. Back area from ribs to hips

________________________ e. Genital area ________________________ k. Pertaining to the cheek

________________________ f. "Belly button" area




9. Using the key terms, correctly label all body areas indicated with leader lines on the figure. In addition, identify the sections labeled A and B in the figure.

Key Choices Abdominal Buccal Inguinal Pubic Antecubital Cervical Lumbar Scapular Axillary Femoral Occipital Sural Brachial Gluteal Popliteal Umbilical !!

Section A: ________________________ Section B: ________________________

!!!!! 8




10. Complete the following statements by choosing an anatomical term from the choices. Enter the appropriate term in the answer blank. !Anterior Interior Posterior Superior Distal Lateral Proximal Transverse Frontal Medial Sagittal !In the anatomical position, the face and palms are on the ________________________ a. body surface, the but-

tocks and shoulder blades are on the ________________________ b. body surface, and the top of the head is the

most ________________________ c. part of the body. The ears are ________________________ d. to the shoulders

and ________________________ e. to the nose. The heart is ________________________ f. to the spine and

________________________ g. to the lungs. The elbow is ________________________ h. to the fingers but

________________________ i. to the shoulder. In humans, the dorsal surface can also be called the

________________________ j. surface; however, in four-legged animals, the dorsal surface is the

________________________ k. surface. If an incision cuts the heart into right and left parts, the section is a

________________________ l. section, but if the heart is cut so that anterior and posterior parts result, the sec-

tion is a ________________________ m. section. You’re told to cut an animal along two planes so that the paired

kidneys are observable (not separated) in both sections. The two sections that meet this requirement are the

________________________ n. and ________________________ o. sections. !11. Using the choices, identify the body cavities where the following body organs are located. ! !

Abdominopelvic Cranial Spinal Thoracic !!________________________ a. Stomach

________________________ b. Small Intestine

________________________ c. Large Intestine

________________________ d. Spleen

________________________ e. Liver

________________________ f. Spinal Cord

________________________ g. Bladder

________________________ h. Trachea

________________________ i. Lungs

________________________ j. Pituitary Gland

________________________ k. Rectum

________________________ l. Ovaries!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 9





1The Human Body:

An Orientation

1. 2.the study ofstructure

the study offunction

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

levels oforganization

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

Organ systems

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

necessary lifefunctions

Homeostasis

34.

35.

controlmechanisms

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

survivalneeds

36.

37.

example

example



Chapter 1 - The Human Body: An Orientation Chapter Objectives !

An Overview of Anatomy and Physiology !12. Define anatomy and physiology. !!!!!13. Explain how anatomy and physiology are related. !!!!!

Levels of Structural Organization !14. Name the levels of structural organization that make up the human body and explain how they are related. !!!!!!!!!!15. Name the organ systems of the body and briefly state the major functions of each system. !!!!!!!!!!!!!

Maintaining Life !16. List functions that humans must perform to maintain life. !!!!!!!!!




17. List the survival needs of the human body. !!!!!!!!!!!!!Homeostasis !

18. Define homeostasis and explain its importance. !!!!!!!!!19. Define negative feedback and describe its role in maintaining homeostasis and normal body function. !!!!!!!!

The Language of Anatomy !20.Describe or demonstrate the anatomical position. !!!21. Use proper anatomical terminology to describe body directions, surfaces, and body planes. !!!!!!!!22.Locate the major body cavities and list the chief organs in each cavity. !!!




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Name: Period: 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology · 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology ! ... an introduction to the organ systems forming the body as a whole ...

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