Assessment of climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies at the district scale Marjorie Musy
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Assessment of climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies at
the district scale
Marjorie Musy
Context
Urban Heat Islands (UHI) increase
They can have significant implications for building energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, comfort and indeed for mortality; as the influence of heat waves is intensified.
Solutions to climate change mitigation, energy transition and climate change adaptation must thus be tackled simultaneously.
Policymakers face an increasing need to improve knowledge of environmental impacts from city layouts and uses on the urban climate, in order to assist with planning climate change mitigation and adaptation measures.
< 0.75 °C
0.75 - 1 °C
1 - 1.5 °C
1.5 - 2 °C
2 - 3°C
> 3 °C
Surface d'eau2 kms
Îlot de chaleur urbain nocturne sur Nantes Métropole
Solutions Urban form, materials, nature (water & vegetation), use are Influencing parameters. Mitigation and adaptation actions have to consider and/or act on these parameters.
Assessment
The effectiveness of these solutions requires, in addition to knowledge of the relationships between climate and the thermal behaviour of buildings, the development of approaches that support predictions of energy use in the urban context and its impacts on the urban microclimate.
Illustration: The vegDUD Project « Role of vegetation in sustainable urban development »
Studied « object » ANR Villes durables 2009 ANR- 09-VILL-0007
Knowledge Characterization
Assessment of impacts in different contexts
Results
T surface
°C
27°C
17°C
T air
MRT
40°C
50°C
10°C Lawn
Gre
en
wal
l
UTCI : 24°C
Trees Lawns Buildings’envelop
Greenroofs
Greenwalls
Buildingtostreetscale(TRNSYS)
Directeffectsonbuildingenergydemand,amplifiedindenseurbancanyons
Streettodistrictscale(SOLENE-microclimat)
Higheffectforglazed&insulatedbuildings
Loweffectforglazedbuildings–nonforothers
Higheffectforthetopfloor,loweffecttheotherfloors
Higheffectfornoninsulatedbuildingsorinsulatedbuildingswithalowglazingratio
Districttocityscale(TEB)
Mediumeffect Loweffect
Higheffectifirrigated
Summer energy consumption and indoor comfort
Trees Lawns Buildings’envelop
Greenroofs
Greenwalls
Streettodistrictscale(SOLENE-microclimat)
Higheffect Loweffect Loweffect Mediumeffect,higherin
Districttocityscale(TEB)
Mediumeffect,higherifirrigated
Loweffect loweffect
Urban climate and outdoor comfort
Results Trees Lawns Buildings’envelop
Greenroofs Greenwalls
Buildingtostreetscale(TRNSYS)
Directeffectsonbuildingenergydemand,amplifiedin
denseurbancanyons
Streettodistrictscale(SOLENE-microclimat)
Higheffectforglazed&insulatedbuildings
Loweffectforglazed
buildings–nonforothers
Higheffectforthetopfloor,
loweffecttheotherfloors
Higheffectfornoninsulatedbuildingsor
insulatedbuildingswithalowglazingratio
Districttocityscale(TEB) Mediumeffect Loweffect Higheffectifirrigated
Summer energy consumption and indoor comfort
Trees Lawns Buildings’envelop
Greenroofs
Greenwalls
Streettodistrictscale(SOLENE-microclimat)
Higheffect Loweffect Loweffect Mediumeffect,higherin
Districttocityscale(TEB)
Mediumeffect,higherifirrigated
Loweffect loweffect
Urban climate and outdoor comfort
Conclusion
Vegetation is a good solution to climate adaptation but it won’t be able to compensate increasing anthropogenic heat loads due to densification (transportation, air cooling… )
However densely planted green spaces will offer cool islands in which people will have respiration spaces during heat waves.
Sustainable urban development require the composition of solutions (vegetation, water, cool materials…) added to a necessary effort to reduce heat gains in summer.
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