Multi-Tiered Support Systems: Features & Considerations International School Psychology Association Conference July 10, 2012 Montreal, Quebec George Sugai University of Connecticut Center on Positive Behavior Interventions & Supports Center for Behavioral Education & Research www.pbis.org www.cber.org
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Multi-Tiered Support Systems: Features & Considerations International School Psychology Association Conference July 10, 2012 Montreal, Quebec George Sugai.
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Multi-Tiered Support Systems:Features & ConsiderationsInternational School Psychology Association ConferenceJuly 10, 2012Montreal, Quebec
George SugaiUniversity of ConnecticutCenter on Positive Behavior Interventions & SupportsCenter for Behavioral Education & Research
www.pbis.org www.cber.org
Purpose
…describe general features,
practices, & systems of Multi-Tiered Support Systems (MTSS)
“What is MTSS?”
Improved & sustained academic
& behavior outcomes for all
students
• NEED
Adoption of evidence-based
practices• RESPONSE
Variable improvement in
student outcomes• CHALLENGE
Improvement in implementation
fidelity• MTSS?
Context
“Making a turn”
IMPLEMENTATION
Effective Not Effective
PRACTICE
Effective
Not Effective
Maximum Student Benefits
Fixsen & Blase, 2009
“Multi-Tiered Systems of Support”….
Whole-school, data-driven,
prevention-based framework for
improving learning outcomes for
all students through layered
continuum of evidence-based
practices & systems
“Whole School”• All students
• All staff members
• All families
• All school settings
Data-based Decision Making
DATA used to…..
1. Specify/define need
2. Select right evidence-based solution
3. Monitor implementation fidelity
4. Monitor progress
5. Improve implementation
RULE: Start w/ socially
important questions.
“Data Driven”
Prevention Logic for AllRedesign of teaching environments…not students
Decrease developmen
t of new problem
behaviors
Prevent worsening &
reduce intensity of
existing problem
behaviors
Eliminate triggers &
maintainers of problem behaviors
Add triggers &
maintainers of prosocial
behavior
Teach, monitor, &
acknowledge prosocial behavior
Biglan, 1995; Mayer, 1995; Walker et al., 1996
“Prevention-based”
SYST
EMS
PRACTICES
DATASupportingStaff Behavior
SupportingStudent Behavior
OUTCOMES
Supporting Social Competence &Academic Achievement
SupportingDecisionMaking
“Important Outcomes”
CommonVision/Values
Common Language &
Behaviors
Common Experience
Effective Organizations
QualityLeadership
“Early Triangle”
Walker, Knitzer, Reid, et al., CDC
(Walker et al., 1995, p. 201)
“Layered Continuum”
Primary Prevention:School-/Classroom-Wide Systems for
Targeted Group Interventions• Some students (at-risk)
• High efficiency• Rapid response
Targeted Group Interventions• Some students (at-risk)
• High efficiency• Rapid response
Universal Interventions• All students
• Preventive, proactive
Universal Interventions• All settings, all students• Preventive, proactive
Responsiveness to Intervention
Academic Systems Behavioral Systems
~1996
MTSSIntegrated Continuum
Mar 10 2010
Academic Continuum
Behavior Continuum
Where are you in implementation process?Adapted from Fixsen & Blase, 2005
• We think we know what we need, so we ordered 3 month free trial (evidence-based)
EXPLORATION & ADOPTION
• Let’s make sure we’re ready to implement (capacity infrastructure)
INSTALLATION
• Let’s give it a try & evaluate (demonstration)
INITIAL IMPLEMENTATION
• That worked, let’s do it for real (investment)
FULL IMPLEMENTATION
• Let’s make it our way of doing business (institutionalized use)
SUSTAINABILITY & CONTINUOUS
REGENERATION
Funding Visibility PolicyPoliticalSupport
Training CoachingBehavioral Expertise
Evaluation
LEADERSHIP TEAM(Coordination)
Local School/District Implementation Demonstrations
SWPBS Implementation
Blueprint
www.pbis.org
Algozzine, B., Wang, C., & Violette, A. S. (2011). Reexamining the relationship between academic achievement and social behavior. Journal of Positive Behavioral Interventions, 13, 3-16.
Burke, M. D., Hagan-Burke, S., & Sugai, G. (2003). The efficacy of function-based interventions for students with learning disabilities who exhibit escape-maintained problem behavior: Preliminary results from a single case study. Learning Disabilities Quarterly, 26, 15-25.
McIntosh, K., Chard, D. J., Boland, J. B., & Horner, R. H. (2006). Demonstration of combined efforts in school-wide academic and behavioral systems and incidence of reading and behavior challenges in early elementary grades. Journal of Positive Behavioral Interventions, 8, 146-154.
McIntosh, K., Horner, R. H., Chard, D. J., Dickey, C. R., and Braun, D. H. (2008). Reading skills and function of problem behavior in typical school settings. Journal of Special Education, 42, 131-147.
Nelson, J. R., Johnson, A., & Marchand-Martella, N. (1996). Effects of direct instruction, cooperative learning, and independent learning practices on the classroom behavior of students with behavioral disorders: A comparative analysis. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 4, 53-62.
Wang, C., & Algozzine, B. (2011). Rethinking the relationship between reading and behavior in early elementary school. Journal of Educational Research, 104, 100-109.
Academic-Behavior Connection“Evidence-based”
Bradshaw, C.P., Koth, C. W., Thornton, L. A., & Leaf, P. J. (2009). Altering school climate through school-wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports: Findings from a group-randomized effectiveness trial. Prevention Science, 10(2), 100-115
Bradshaw, C. P., Koth, C. W., Bevans, K. B., Ialongo, N., & Leaf, P. J. (2008). The impact of school-wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) on the organizational health of elementary schools. School Psychology Quarterly, 23(4), 462-473.
Bradshaw, C. P., Mitchell, M. M., & Leaf, P. J. (2010). Examining the effects of School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports on student outcomes: Results from a randomized controlled effectiveness trial in elementary schools. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 12, 133-148.
Bradshaw, C. P., Reinke, W. M., Brown, L. D., Bevans, K. B., & Leaf, P. J. (2008). Implementation of school-wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) in elementary schools: Observations from a randomized trial. Education & Treatment of Children, 31, 1-26.
Horner, R., Sugai, G., Smolkowski, K., Eber, L., Nakasato, J., Todd, A., & Esperanza, J., (2009). A randomized, wait-list controlled effectiveness trial assessing school-wide positive behavior support in elementary schools. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 11, 133-145.
Horner, R. H., Sugai, G., & Anderson, C. M. (2010). Examining the evidence base for school-wide positive behavior support. Focus on Exceptionality, 42(8), 1-14.
Waasdorp, T. E., Bradshaw, C. P., & Leaf, P. J. (in press). The impact of school-wide positive behavioral interventions and supports (SWPBIS) on bullying and peer rejection: A randomized controlled effectiveness trial. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine.
RCT & Group Design PBIS Studies
• Reduced major disciplinary infractions
• Improvements in academic achievement
• Enhanced perception of organizational health
& safety• Improved school climate• Reductions in teacher reported bullying
behavior & peer rejection
04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-110
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
Mean Major Median Major, Elem
Elementary SchoolsMean & Median Major ODR/100 students/day
2004 to 2011
N = 641 959 1316 1737 2137 2564 2979
22% reduction
04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-110
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Middle Mean Middle Median
N = 256 334 423 536 672 808 889
Middle SchoolsMean & Median ODR/100 students/day
2010-11
44% reduction
04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-110
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
High Sch Mean High Sch Median
High SchoolsMean &Median ODR/100 students/day
2010-11
N = 76 104 155 198 250 330 390
23% reduction
PreK-K Elementary Middle High PreK-8 PreK-12 Others0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
12.4 - Mean Percentage Students (2010-11 Reg Ed) (Majors Only)
Students 0 or 1 Students 2 to 5 Students 6+
N = 2979 889 390 254
2%
7%
91%
5%
12%
83%
7%
15%
78%
4%
10%
86%
Most are responsive…but
some need a bit more.
PreK-K Elementary Middle High PreK-8 PreK-12 Others0%
Supporting Social Competence &Academic Achievement
SupportingDecisionMaking
SYST
EMS
PRACTICES
DATA
SupportingStaff Behavior
SupportingStudent Behavior
OUTCOMES
Supporting Social Competence &
Academic Achievement
SupportingDecisionMaking
Vincent, Randall, Cartledge, Tobin, &
Swain-Bradway 2011
CULTURALRELEVANCE
CULTURALVALIDITY
CULTURALKNOWLEDGE
CULTURALEQUITY
Culture is the extent to which a group of individuals engage in overt & verbal behavior reflecting shared behavioral learning histories, serving to differentiate the group from other groups, & predicting how individuals within the group act in specific setting conditions.
That is, culture reflects a collection of common verbal & overt behaviors that are learned & maintained by a set of similar social & environmental contingencies (i.e., learning history).
Emphasis is on applied settings with recognition that group membership is (a) flexible & dynamic, & (b) changed & shaped over time, across generations, & from one setting to another.
Sugai, O’Keeffe, & Fallon, 2012, in press
Basic“Logic”
SYST
EMS
PRACTICES
DATATraining
+Coaching
+Evaluation
Cultural/Context Considerations
Improve “Fit”
Start w/ effective, efficient,
relevant, & doable
Prepare & support
implementation
ImplementationFidelity
MaximumStudent
Outcomes
“Multi-Tiered Systems of Support”….
Whole-school, data-driven,
prevention-based framework for
improving learning outcomes for
all students through layered
continuum of evidence-based
practices & systems
MTSSUniversal Screening, Continuous Progress Monitoring, Continuum of