Ms. Rana Al Hishmi - Construction & Demolition Waste Recycling

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Construction

&

Demolition Waste Recycling

Dr. Esra AlEisaEng. Rana

Hishmi

Industrial & Management Systems EngineeringCollege of Engineering & Petroleum

Kuwait University

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Construction & Demolition (C&D) Waste Sources

Construction Waste:ErectingRemodeling Repairing

Demolition Waste: Pulled-down buildings

Environmental Disasters: Earthquakes

Industrial & Management Systems Engineering Department

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C&D Waste CompositionAsphaltGravelConcreteFerrous & Non-ferrous metals PlasticPaper Wood

(Huang et al, 2002)


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Disposing C&D Waste

ReduceReuseRecycleCompostIncinerateLandfill

(Tam and Tam, 2006)


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Recycling C&D Waste

Benefits: Reducing shortage in raw materials Minimizing energy and cost of production Decreasing landfilling

(Tam and Tam, 2006)


6(Nabil Kartam et al, 2004)

Contamination

Collection & Transportation

Sorting, Transformation, and Disposing

Standards

Issues Affecting Recycling C&D Waste

Contamination Collection & Transportation

Sorting, Transformation, and Disposing

Standards


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Recycled products should compete with original materials according to: Technical specifications Price

(Tam and Tam, 2006)


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Recycled C&D aggregates can

be used for:

Low-value purposes

Road sub-base construction

Engineering landfill

High value purposes

Structural concrete

Potential Usage of Recycled C&D Waste

Huang et al, 2006)Industrial & Management Systems

Engineering Department

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Potential Usage of Recycled C&D Waste (Cont.)

Recycled C&D aggregates can:Replace primary limestone aggregatesProduce precast concrete building blocks

(Soutsos et al, 2011) Industrial & Management Systems


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Replacement Percentages of Recycled C&D waste

60% coarse fraction

20% fine fraction

Maximum Replacement for recycled concrete

aggregate20% coarse fraction

20% fine fraction

Maximum Replacement for recycled masonry

aggregate

(Soutsos et al, 2011)Industrial & Management Systems


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Other Recycled C&D Waste Applications

Recycled asphalt: Produce new asphaltUsed instead of sand or cement sub-bases

(Tam and Tam, 2006) Industrial & Management Systems Engineering Department

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Ferrous metalReused directlyMelted, and reused to produce new steel



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Recycled concrete rubble: Landfilling material Replace natural aggregate in new concrete



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Recycled glass:


Filling Material

Glass FiberTile

Paving Blocks

Replace asphalt in roads


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Other Recycled C&D Waste Applications (Cont.)

Recycled masonry aggregate:Thermal insulating concrete Aggregate in traditional clay or sodium silicate

bricks

(Townsend et al, 2004)Industrial & Management Systems Engineering Department

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Non-ferrous metals:Reused directly, or melted and then usedProduce galvanized steel strip and brass



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Recycled plastics: Produced with sufficient resistanceUsed in street furniture, roof and floor, piling,

panel, cladding and insulation foam



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Recycled timber: Reused in furniture and insulation boardsUsed to produce lightweight concreteUsed as fuel to generate power


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Recycled paper and cardboard Easily purified and reused



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Screened soil (fines): Reused as filling materialConstruction fill (i.e. embankments)



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Recycling Process of C&D WasteWaste Recycling Methods:

(Mulder et al, 2007)(Huang et al, 2002)

(Bianchini et al, 2005)(Townsend et al, 2004)

Chemical Mineralogical

Appraisal

Closed Cycle Construction

Mechanical Sorting

Chemical Mineralogical

Appraisal


Mechanical Sorting


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Mechanical Sorting Process

Bar Screening

Trommel Screening

DiskScreening

Magnetic Separation

Air Classification

Bar Screening

Trommel Screening

Magnetic Separation

Air Classification

DiskScreening

Final Manual SortingIndustrial & Management Systems


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Closed Cycle Construction Technology

•Closing material cycles for concrete and masonry

1•Hig

her profits

2

•Utilizing fraction of demolition waste as a fuel

3

•Reduction in transportation costs

4(Mulder et al, 2007)

Mainly based on Closing the material cycles


• Closing material cycles for concrete and masonry 1

• Higher profits2• Utilizing fraction of demolition

waste as a fuel 3• Reduction in transportation

costs4

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Closed Cycle Construction (CCC)Concept

Separation

Mineral Materials Processing

Construction Products

Manufacturing

Power generation

(Mulder et al, 2007)Industrial & Management Systems


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Chemical-Mineralogical Appraisal

Recognizes particular grain-size fraction

X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) investigates chemical compositions in

terms of major elements.

X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) recognizes the constituent

mineralogical phases.

(Bianchini et al, 2005)


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C&D Waste in Kuwait

Nabil Kartam et al, 2004)Industrial & Management Systems


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Composition of C&D waste in Kuwait

(Nabil Kartam et al, 2004)


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Demolition Waste Rates in Kuwait


Residential (ton/m2) Industry (tons/m2)1.45 1.75

Average = 1.5 ton/m2

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Construction Waste in Kuwait


Total C&D Waste is 1.6 Million Tons/Year

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C&D Waste Recycling in Kuwait

Benefits:Decreases the high cost of treating landfill sitesPreserving desert natural environment


31Industrial & Management Systems Engineering Department

Recycling C&D Waste in Kuwait

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Types of C&D Waste


•Large & pure C&D waste bars

A•S

maller C&D waste

B

•Mixture of 10% pure C&D waste, 20% of Type B, and 70% of wastes

C

• Large & pure C&D waste barsA• Smaller C&D wasteB• Mixture of 10% pure C&D waste,

20% of Type B, and 70% of wastesC

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3/163/4

C&D Waste Recycling Process

Classification & Segregation

Cleaning

Crushing

Separation

Decide on size

Final Products

1/2

3/8

Trucks Arrival


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Production sizes’ percentages of Batch No. 1


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Production sizes’ percentages of Batch No. 2


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Why Simulation?!

Mimicking current processes

Better Understanding

Monitoring the current system and investigating

bottlenecks



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Simulating Current (As-Is) C&D Waste Recycling Process

Process Activity

C&D waste materials enter the factory

Classifying and segregating materials using excavators

Cleaning

Crushing using jaw crushers

Crushing using crusher machine

Separating the iron by a magnate

Decide on the size of the gravel

Storing

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Simulating Recycling Process


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Discrete-event simulation model of C&D Recycling Process

Type A

Type B

Type C


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Statistical Model Validation

Provides evidence on whether or not the model is a legitimate representation of reality

(Law and Kelton 2000)

95% Confidence Level


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Statistical Validation Assumptions

Independency (Randomness) Normality

Hypothesis testing and Confidence Intervals can be then applied

http://www.andymeneely.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/gaussian6.gifIndustrial & Management Systems Engineering Department

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Test the Equality of Populations’ Means

Results:-97.8194 ≤ µ1-µ2 ≤ 275.8194

statistically equal at a 95% level of confidence

The simulation model is a legitimate representation of As-Is system


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Optimizing Resources (Manpower & Machinery)

Objective:Maximizing resources utilization and plant

profitability

Using OptQuest Arena

Z= Max ( ))


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List of best feasible solutions suggested by OptQuest

Dumper Excavator Jaw Crusher Loader Crushing Machine

Worker

2 2 1 2 1 10


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Applying Other C&D Recycling Processes in Kuwait

ProcessHow could it be applied in AIIP

plantBenefit

Mechanical Sorting

Apply Lab analyses (i.e. sieve analysis, LA abrasion

test, friability test, organic content test, and fitness test)

Ensure the ability to reuse in civil engineering projects

CCC

Closing materials’ cycles (i.e. thermal treatment, physical

separation, apply density separation techniques)

Improve recycled products quality

Save energy


Apply XRF analysis Investigate chemical composition

Apply XRD analysisRecognize the constituent

mineralogical phase


Mechanical Sorting

Apply Lab analyses (i.e. sieve analysis, LA

abrasion test, friability test,

organic content test, and fitness

test)

Ensure the ability to reuse in civil

engineering projects


Closing materials’ cycles

(i.e. thermal

treatment, physical

separation, apply density

separation techniques)

Improve recycled products quality

Save energy


Apply XRF analysis

Investigate chemical

composition

Apply XRD analysis

Recognize the constituent

mineralogical phase

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Limitations & Considerations

Regulations and rules of Kuwait Municipality to allow the usage of recycled products

Market Demand

Illegal demolition procedures

Recycled product prices (Nabil Kartam et al. 2004)


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Acknowledgement

Dr. Khalid Mahdi, Chairman- Environment Preservation

Industrial Co. (EPIC)Eng. RaddadEng. Ahmed Shather Al-EneziEng. Saud Nasser Al-SalehEng. Abdulaziz Bader Al-AnnazEng. Hamad Sulaiman Al-Essa


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Thanks for Listening

Any Questions ?


Ms. Rana Al Hishmi - Construction & Demolition Waste Recycling

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