Motivation

Assessment of Motivation Levels of Primary & Upper Primary

School Teachers

Lalita PradeepDy.Director (Education),UP,India

District Institute of Education & Training, Lucknow

Objectives

To assess motivational level of teachers using an appropriate scale

To identify and list the motivating and de-motivating factors

To assess the motivational level of teachers on age and gender basis

To suggest measures to keep teachers motivated

Study Coverage

Block/WardSample Schools Total

Sample Schools

Total Teachers

InterviewedPrimary Upper Primary

BKT 11 4 15 34

Chinhat 10 5 15 30

Gosaiganj 11 5 16 30

Kakori 13 6 19 30

SarojiniNagar 10 6 16 32

Hazratganj 13 2 15 31

Shahadatganj 12 3 15 30

Total 80 31 111 217

Methodology

Likert Scale

A 5-point psychometric scale comprising of

5 ordered response levels (Score of 1—5)

Contd…

Strongly disagree – 1;

Disagree – 2;

Neither agree nor disagree – 3;

Agree – 4;

Strongly agree – 5

Parameter-wise Scale Items

Contd…

Parameters Total Items (Questions)

1. Motivational Level 102. Work Satisfaction 93. Work Environment 10

4. Ability & Effectiveness of Teachers 11

Total 40

Contd…

Scoring the Scale Items

1st Quintile — Up to 20% (Lowest Motivation Level)

2nd Quintile — 21% to 40% (Low Motivation Level)

3rd Quintile — 41% to 60% (Average Motivation Level)

4th Quintile — 61% to 80% (High Motivation Level)

5th Quintile — 81% to 100% (Highest Motivation Level)

Scores of 40 items (questions) for 217 teachers arranged in ascending order & segmented in 5 Quintiles

X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6

Lowest Motivation

Level

20%

Low Motivation

Level

20%

Average

20%

High Motivation

Level

20%

Highest Motivation

Level

20%Percentiles

Scores

Score-wise 5 Levels of Motivation

Likert Scale

Major Findings

Teachers’ Profile

Contd…

Teachers’ Profile — By School Category & Area

Profile by School Category Profile by Area

61 (28%)

156 (72%)

61 (28%)75 (35%)

142 (65%)

Upper Primary Primary Urban Rural

Contd…

Teachers’ Profile — By Gender & Marital Status

Profile by Gender Profile by Marital Status

28 (13%)189 (87%)

13 (6%)

197 (90.7%)

1 (0.5%)

6 (2.8%)

Female Male Married Widow(er) DivorcedUnmarried

Teachers’ Profile

Contd…

Teachers’ Profile — By Education

Teachers’ Profile

78(36%)

98 (45%)

Post-Graduate Graduate Intermediate

41(19%)

Teachers’ Profile — By Age & Experience

Teachers’ Profile

Profile by Age-Group (yrs.) Profile by Experience (yrs.)

61 (28%)

60 (28%)63 (29%)

Up to 10 11-20 >20Up to 40 41-50 > 50

94 (43%)

44 (20%)

94 (43%)94 (43%)

79 (37%)

44 (20%)

Teachers’ Motivation Levels

Contd…

Score-wise 5 Levels of Motivation

139 163 170 175 180 190

Lowest Motivation

Level

20%

Low Motivation

Level

20%

Average

20%

High Motivation

Level

20%

Highest Motivation

Level

20%

Percentiles

Scores

Motivation Levels of Teachers (5 Quintiles)


Contd…

139 170 175 190

Relatively Low

Motivation Level

40%

Average

Motivation

Level

20%

Relatively High

Motivation Level

40%

Percentiles

Scores

Motivation Levels of Teachers (Less, Average & More Motivated)


Contd…

1. Motivation Level of Teachers by School Category

40%39%36%

41%

High Motivation Low Motivation

P rimary Upper P rimary


Contd…

2. Motivation Level of Teachers by Area (Rural/Urban)

39%40%

34%

44%


R ura l Urban


Contd…

3. Motivation Level of Teachers by Blocks/Wards

Blocks n High Motivation

Average Motivation

Low Motivation

Block Overall 156 38.5 21.2 40.4

BKT 34 26.5 23.5 50.0

Chinhat 30 20.0 26.7 53.3

Gosaiganj 30 63.3 10.0 26.7

Kakori 30 36.7 40.0 23.3

SarojiniNagar 32 46.9 6.3 46.9

Wards n High Motivation

Average Motivation

Low Motivation

Ward Overall 61 44.3 21.3 34.4

Hazratganj 31 58.1 19.4 22.6

Shahadatganj 30 30.0 23.3 46.7


Contd…

5. Motivation Level of Teachers by Education

Education n High Motivation

Average Motivation

Low Motivation

verall 217 40.1 21.2 38.7

ntermediate 41 51.2 22.0 26.8

raduate 78 39.7 25.6 34.6

ost-Graduate 98 34.7 18.4 46.9


Contd…

Graphical Representation of Motivation Levels Vs Educational Status of Teachers

% Teachers with High/Low Motivational Levels Vs Education

18%

40%

51%

35%

22%26%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

In t e r m e d iat e G r ad u at e P ost - G r ad u at e

H ig h M o tiv a t io n L o w M o tiv a tio n


Contd…

6. Motivation Level of Teachers by Age-Group

Age-Group of Teachers n High

MotivationAverage

MotivationLow

Motivation

Overall 217 40.1 21.2 38.7

Up to 40 63 23.8 25.4 50.8

41-50 60 40.0 18.3 41.7

More than 50 94 51.1 20.2 28.7


Contd…

Graphical Representation of Motivation Levels of Teachers Vs their Age-groups

Motivation Levels Vs Age-Group

24%

40%

51%51%

42%

29%

0%

20%

40%

60%

Up to 40 41-50 > 50High Motivation


Contd…

7. Motivation Level of Teachers by Experience

Experience of Teachers n High

MotivationAverage

MotivationLow

Motivation

Overall 217 40.1 21.2 38.7

Up to 10 yrs 44 27.3 27.3 45.5

11-20yrs 94 38.3 17.0 44.7

21-30yrs 42 45.2 28.6 26.2

>30 yrs 37 54.1 16.2 29.7


Contd…

Graphical Representation of Motivation Levels Vs Experience of Teachers

54%

26%30%

38%27%

45%

46%

45%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

55%

60%

Up to 10 yrs 11-20yrs 21-30yrs > 30 yrs


Motivation Levels Vs Experience of Teachers


Contd…

8. Motivation Level of Teachers by Marital Status

Category of Teachers n High

MotivationAverage

MotivationLow

Motivation

Overall 217 40.1 21.2 38.7

Unmarried 13 38.5 30.8 30.8

Married 197 39.6 20.8 39.6


Contd…

Graphical Representation of Teachers’ Motivation Levels by their Marital Status

39% 40%

31%

40%

Unmarried Married


Teachers with High & Low Motivation Levels by Marital Status


Contd…

9. Motivation Level of Teachers by Distance & Area

Distance from School n High

MotivationAverage

MotivationLow

Motivation

Block

Overall 156 38.5 21.2 40.4

Up to 8km 18 33.3 16.7 50.09 to 16km 77 31.2 24.7 44.217 to 24km 30 46.7 20.0 33.325 to 45km 31 51.6 16.1 32.3Ward

Overall 61 44.3 21.3 34.4

Up to 4km 35 42.9 17.1 40.05 to 9km 14 42.9 28.6 28.610 to 20km 12 45.5 27.3 27.3


Contd…

Graphical Representation of Teachers’ Motivation Levels by Distance & Area

43% 43% 46%

40%

29%27%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

Up to 4km 5 to 9km 10 to 20km


Motivation Level of Teachers — By Distance & Blocks

Motivation Level of Teachers — By Distance & Wards

33% 31%

47% 52%50%44%

33%32%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Up to 8km

9 to 16km 17 to 24km

25 to 45kmHigh Motivation Low Motivation


10. Motivation Level of Teachers by Gender

41%38%

36%

46%


Female Male

Teachers with High & Low Motivation Levels by Gender

Motivating & De-Motivating

Factors

Motivating Factors

43%

45%

46%

50%

53%Proper Teaching Facilities

Regular Payment of Salary

Encouragement for Quality Work

Cooperation from Co-teachers

Society Respects Teaching Profession

Top 5 Ranked Motivating Factors — As Perceived by Teachers

Contd…

De-Motivating Factors

Top 5 Ranked De-Motivating Factors — As Perceived by Teachers

37%

41%

42%

45%

85%Involvement in Non-teaching Activities

Officials’ Apathy towards Teachers’ Problems

Excessive Work Pressure

Restriction on Freedom of Work

Hard Work & Achievements of Teachers Ignored

Contd…

De-Motivating Factors

Motivation Level of Teachers — By Number of Transfers

No. of Transfers n High

MotivationAverage

MotivationLow

Motivation

Up to 2 116 42.2 19.0 38.83 to 5 91 34.1 23.1 42.9

No. of Transfers n High

MotivationAverage

MotivationLow

Motivation

6 to 10 10 70.0 30.0 0.0

Views & Opinions of Teachers

Views of Teachers on Teaching Profession

85% 15%

Yes No

Would you Encourage Your Child to get

into Teaching Profession?

Contd…


Reasons %

Respectable Profession & contribution towards society 81.1

Education contributes for progressive development of families, society and nation 7.6

Will encourage children to fulfill their aspiration if they aspire to become a teachers 5.9

Teaching is the best profession, it is clean & safest profession 2.7

Children should be able to differentiate between good & bad 1.6

Contribution towards educating the illiterate people in the society 1.1

Reasons for Encouraging Children to get into Teaching Profession

Contd…


Reasons %

Children should be encouraged and motivated to choose profession as per their interests 84.4

Will encourage for other professions like administrative services 9.4

In teaching profession, people become irksome and don’t get respect as per their capabilities 6.3

Reasons for Not Encouraging Children to get into Teaching Profession

Recommendations

Ensuring availability of proper & adequate facilities at schools

Filling up vacant position of regular teachers

Teachers not to be involved in ‘non-teaching activities

Trainings should be organized at regular intervals

Timely payment of pay & allowances of teachers

Motivation

Education

motivation level of

motivation levels contd5

motivational level of

ordered response levels

quintiles1st quintile

scale items scores

psychometric scale

motivational level102