More like the rest than like the US? David D. Wolf Head of Canadian Economics & Chief Strategist Merrill Lynch Canada Inc. May 2007 [email protected]416.369.8764 Merrill Lynch does and seeks to do business with companies covered in its research reports. As a result, investors should be aware that the firm may have a conflict of interest that could affect the objectivity of this report. Investors should consider this report as only a single factor in making their investment decision. Refer to important disclosures on page 13. Canada’s Economic & Financial Outlook
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More like the rest than like the US? David D. Wolf Head of Canadian Economics & Chief Strategist Merrill Lynch Canada Inc. May 2007 [email protected] 416.369.8764.
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More like the rest than like the US?
David D. WolfHead of Canadian Economics & Chief StrategistMerrill Lynch Canada Inc.May 2007
Merrill Lynch does and seeks to do business with companies covered in its research reports. As a result, investors should be aware that the firm may have a conflict of interest that could affect the objectivity of this report. Investors should consider this report as only a single factor in making their investment decision.Refer to important disclosures on page 13.
Canada’s Economic & Financial Outlook
May2007
2
Key points
Theme - Canada leaning more towards stronger world than weaker USEconomy - Growth, inflation moving above US after three-year undershoot- Real GDP 2.3% ‘07, 2.6% ‘08, core inflation 2.2% ’07, 2.0% ’08Rates & FX - Canada-US rate convergence required given economic ‘cross’- CAD has borne adjustment so far, seen 1.09 – 1.14 v USD- Convergence eventually through BoC lagging Fed cuts, producing broadly steady yields & steeper curveEquities- TSX following global multiple expansion as earnings soften- Market particularly vulnerable to reassessment of risk
May2007
3
US growth, inflation shifting down
The slowdown Not just housing anymore
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill LynchSource: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
Core inflation set to ebb
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
Notes:
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06
US real GDP growth, q/q% saar
US real GDP growth, y/y%
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4US non-farm payrolls, y/y% (RHS)
US real capital equipment investment, y/y% (LHS)
45
50
55
60
65
70
93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5US ISM supplier deliveries (LHS, advanced 9 months)
12-month change in US core CPI y/y% inflation rate (RHS)
pp
May2007
4
But rest of the world picking up
Divergence is not new… … but it is intensifying
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill LynchSource: Haver Analytics, IMF, Merrill Lynch
Global inflation risks skewed
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
Notes:
-2
0
2
4
6
8
81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07
Real GDP growth: world ex US
Real GDP growth: US
y/y%
Note: 2007 ML forecasts
80
90
100
110
120
130
03 04 05 06 07
US ISMGermany IFOJapan Tankan (expectations)
Index 2003=100
Note: Indexes standardized for base year, volatility
-2
-1
-1
0
1
1
2
China Japan Eurozone UK US
Expected change in inflation, 2007/08 vs 2006, ML forecastspp
May2007
5
Ex ante, hard to know which way Canada would lean
Top three is really top one But world matters most for export values…
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill LynchSource: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
… which feed domestic demand
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
Notes:
0
20
40
60
80
100
70 74 78 82 86 90 94 98 02 06
USUKJapan
% of total Canadian exports
-8
-4
0
4
8
81 86 91 96 01 060
1
2
3
4
5
6
7Real global growth (RHS)
Change in Canada's terms of trade (LHS)
% %
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
76 81 86 91 96 01 060
1
2
3
4
5
6Canada final domestic demand trend* (RHS)
Canada terms of trade trend* (LHS)
* - 5-year average annual % change
May2007
6
Canada is overtaking US in growth
Opening up daylight in real GDP Leading indicator divergence I
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill LynchSource: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
Leading indicator divergence II
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
Notes:
0
2.5
5
7.5
04 05 06 07
US real GDP growth q/q% saar (LHS)
Canada real GDP growth q/q% saar
Note: Q2 US, Q1 & Q2 Canada ML estimates
-4
0
4
8
12
99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
Canada leading indicator (StatsCan)
US leading indicator (Conference Board)
y/y%
-6
-3
0
3
6
9
12
99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
Canada leading indicator (OECD)
US leading indicator (OECD)
y/y%
May2007
7
Canada consumer fundamentals better
Recent job growth impressive Canadian incomes have accelerated
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill LynchSource: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
Leverage growing less quickly
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
Notes:
0
1
2
3
04 05 06 07
Canada employment
US non-farm payrolls
y/y%
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
US real personal disposible income
Canada real personal disposible income
y/y%
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06
Canada household debt as a % of disposable income
US household debt as a % of disposable income
May2007
8
Actual consumption growth has slipped, but should rebound some
Canada spending trend has been stronger Soft patch in recent months…
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill LynchSource: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
… seems to have ended with spring
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
1
3
5
7
97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
Canada real consumer spending
US real consumer spending
y/y%
-5
0
5
10
15
04 05 06 07
Real retail sales, 3m/3m% saar
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
05 06 07
Canada motor vehicle sales
US motor vehicle sales
Index 2005=100
Note: April 2007 ML estimates
May2007
9
Housing offers most striking divergence
Higher inventories suggest softer pricing…
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
Notes:
US busting, Canada leveling off
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
… but from less frothy levels
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
6089 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20Unabsorbed new home inventory (LHS, inverted, advanced six months)
12-month change in new house price inflation (RHS)
TSX has built on 2002-06 doubling… Concentration in high beta sectors has helped
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
Notes: As has M&A/private equity boom
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
50
100
150
200
250
97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
Canada TSX Composite
World Composite (DJ)
Index Jan1/97=100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Canada TSX Composite US S&P 500
Share of index in low-beta sectors (consumer staples, health care & utilities)
Share of index in high-beta sectors (materials, energy and info tech)
%
0
20
40
60
80
100
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06
FDI into Canada: All other industries
FDI into Canada: Energy/mining
C$bn
Note: Four quarter moving sums shown
May2007
28
Multiple expansion has taken over as earnings flatten outTrailing earnings flat, forward earnings falling Macro factors suggest further softness
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
Notes: But higher valuations have more than made it up
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
600
700
800
900
Jan-06 Apr-06 Jul-06 Oct-06 Jan-07 Apr-07
Trailing 12-month TSX Composite EPS
2007 consensus TSX Composite EPSC$
11000
12000
13000
14000
Jan-06 Apr-06 Jul-06 Oct-06 Jan-07 Apr-0713.0
14.0
15.0
16.0
17.0TSX Composite index (LHS)
TSX Composite FY1 P/E ratio (RHS)
-6
-3
0
3
6
9
12
85 88 91 94 97 00 03 06 09-60
-30
0
30
60
90S&P TSX trailing 12m earnings per share (RHS)
ML Canada CMI (LHS, 4qma, advanced 1Q)
pp y/y%
ML fc
May2007
29
Has abundant global liquidity made the ‘Fed model’ apply?
Earnings yields above bond yields… … leave an apparently juicy spread
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
Notes: Hasn’t worked in the past, but…
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
82 87 92 97 02 07
Long Canada bond yield
TSX Composite earnings yield
%
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
82 87 92 97 02 07
TSX Composite earnings yield less long Canada bond yieldpp
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
82 87 92 97 02 07-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80TSX Composite earnings yield less long Canada bond yield (LHS)
Subsequent 12-month TSX performance (RHS)
%pp
May2007
30
Risk of adverse shift in fund flows, too
Historic underweight in foreign assets ebbing…
… in both bonds and stocks
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
Notes: Foreign portfolio inflows have offset, for now
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
10
15
20
25
30
94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06
Foreign assets as a % of total Canadianregistered pension plan assets
-2
0
2
4
6
8
94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06
Year-over-year change in foreign equities as a share of total RPP equities held
Year-over-year change in foreign bonds as a share of total RPP bonds held
pp
-18
-9
0
9
18
27
36
93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07-35
0
35
70Foreign purchases of outstanding Canadian equities* (LHS)
TSX Composite Index (RHS)
C$bn y/y%
* - 12 month rolling sum
May2007
31
Canada among markets vulnerable to reassessment of risk
Volatility is low… … and risk appetite is high
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
Source: Haver Analytics, Merrill Lynch
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
Chinese equities (DJ Shanghai Composite Index)
8
16
24
32
40
48
97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
S&P VIX Index
Lowered risk premiums – the apparent consequence of a long period of economic stability –coupled with greater productivity growth have propelled asset prices higher… this vast increase in the market value of asset claims is in part the indirect result of investors accepting lower compensation for risk. Such an increase in market value is too often viewed by market participants as structural and permanent. To some extent, those higher values may be reflecting the increased flexibility and resilience of our economy. But what they perceive as newly abundant liquidity can readily disappear. Any onset of increased investor caution elevates risk premiums and, as a consequence, lowers asset values and promotes the liquidation of the debt that supported higher asset prices. This is the reason that history has not dealt kindly with the aftermath of protracted periods of low risk premiums.
- Alan Greenspan, Reflections on Central Banking, August 26, 2005
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