Kwashiorko r Nur Amalina Aminudddin Baki 082012100067 Shahirah aliya 63 Kamalia iqma 71 Farzana 75 [email protected]
Kwashiorkor Nur Amalina Aminudddin Baki 082012100067
Shahirah aliya 63Kamalia iqma 71
Farzana 75
Objectives
• The student should be able to:– To understand what is
kwashiorkor– To know the causes and
occurrence of kwashiorkor– To be aware of the symptoms,
biochemical manifestation , treatment and difference from marasmus
Introduction
• Protein- energy malnutrition• Disease that child gets when the next baby is born• develop after a mother weans her child from breast milk, replacing it with a diet high in carbohydrates but lack in protein.
Occurrence
• Found in children between 1 to 5
Third world countries
Low level of
education
famine
Limited food
supply
• # 1 South Africa:820 deaths • # 2 Mexico:75 deaths • # 3 Brazil:46 deaths • # 4 Venezuela:13 deaths • = 5 Peru:11 deaths • = 5 Ecuador:11 deaths • # 7 Colombia:10 deaths • # 8 United States:8 deaths • # 9 Egypt:5 deaths • = 10 Paraguay:3 deaths
Causes
Breast milk
contains
proteins
and amino
acids vital to a child's growth
Diet of a
weaning of child
mainly consist
of carbohydrates
insufficie
nt intake of
proteins
Clinical Symptoms
• Stunted growth• Diarrhea• Edema• Discoloration of hair and skin• Anemia• Protuded belly• Moonface
Biochemical Manisfestations
• Decreased plasma albumin concentration(<2g/dl, N:3-4.5)
• Diarrhea– Deficiency of K+
• Fatty liver • Edema– Lack of adequate plasma proteins to maintain water
distribution between blood and tissues• Plasma retinol binding protein is reduced• Immunological response very low
Treatment
• Carbohydrates first, then protein• Ingest protein rich foods– 3-4g of protein/kg body weight/day
• Treatment can be monitored:– using plasma albumin concentration– disappearance of edema – gain in body weight
Kwashiorkor vs. MarasmusClinical parameter Kwashiorkor Marasmus
Age of onset Pre- school (1-5 years old )
Weaned infants (<1years old)
Main nutritional cause
Low protein intake Low calorie intake
Body weight 60-80% of normal < 60% of normal
Growth Mild retardation Severe retardation
Abdomen Protruding Shrunken
Facial appearances Moonface Like old man’s face
Conclusion
• Occurs to lack of protein• Most likely occur in third world countries• Characterized by protruded belly• Can be treated with rich protein foods
Reference
• DM Vasudevan Sreekumari, Kannan Vaidyanathan, textbook of biochemistry for medical students, sixth edition,2011.
• U. Satyanarayana and U.Chakrapani, Biochemistry,3rd edition,2012
• http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/001604prv.htm