Unit 1 Tell Me What Happened RECOUNTS Purpose : To tell the reader what happened in the past through a sequence of events. Text Organization : Personal Recounts: • Orientation (who were involved in the story, when, and where) • Events (tell what happened in a chronological order) • Evaluation (comments of the writer/speaker about the experience) • Re-orientation (optional) (The conclusion of the experience) Factual Recounts: • Orientation 1
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Unit 1 Tell Me What Happened
RECOUNTS
Purpose : To tell the reader what happened in the past
through a sequence of events.
Text Organization : Personal Recounts:
• Orientation
(who were involved in the story, when, and
where)
• Events
(tell what happened in a chronological
order)
• Evaluation
(comments of the writer/speaker about the
experience)
• Re-orientation (optional)
(The conclusion of the experience)
Factual Recounts:
• Orientation
1
(who were involved in the story, when, and
where)
• Events
(tell what happened in a chronological
order)
Teks monolog berbentuk recount
ACTIVE LISTENING • Listen to Mike, telling his excursion to
Bogor Botanic Garden and answer the questions.
An Excursion to Bogor Botanic Garden
All right, everybody, I’ll tell you about this great
place.
On Friday 16 March we went to Bogor Botanic Garden. We went
there by bus and we arrived at that famous garden at 10
o’clock.
Arriving at the garden, we were divided into two
groups. Group A followed Mrs. Nina and Group B followed Mr.
Ahmad. I was in group A. Well, first we went to odd tropical
plants and Mrs. Nina read us some of the information. Then,
we looked at all the lovely plants. After that, we went to a
little spot near the Raffles cemetery and had morning tea.
Next, we did some sketching and then we met group B at the
information center to have our lunch.
Soon, it was time for us to go to the orchid
section while Group B did some research on flowers. Uhm…A
lady led us to the orchid section. Then, she explained about
many kinds of Orchids.
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Next, we had a look at the Indonesian orchid. Wow, we
saw many kinds of Indonesian orchids. They were all
beautiful. Later, we took a look at the American, European
and Asian orchid’s section. I was interesting. Soon after we
had finished our observations, we went back outside and met
group B. Then, we got on the bus and returned to school. We
really enjoyed the trip and to Bogor Botanic Garden.
Find out:
1. What is an excursion?
2. When and how did they go to Bogor Botanic Garden?
3. What time did they arrive at Bogor Botanic Garden?
4. What group did the writer follow and who was the leader?
5. Complete the following sentences:
………………….. to the odd tropical plants.
………………….. at all lovely plants.
………………….. we had morning tea.
………………….. sketching.
Then we went to ………………………..
Finally, ………………. and returned to school.
Answer Key!
1. A trip
2. On Friday, 16 March by bus
3. At 10. o’clock
4. A, Mrs. Nina
5. Complete the following sentences
First, we went to the odd tropical plants
Then, we looked at all the lovely plants
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After that, we went to a little spot near the Raffles
cemetery and had morning tea. Next, we did some
sketching
Then, we went to the orchid’s section
Greetings and leave-
taking
Formal greeting:
Good morning (until about lunch time, or before 12 a.m.)
Good afternoon (12-6 p.m.)
Good evening (until about 9 p.m)
Good morning, Sir.
Informal greeting: Initial greeting:
Hi, Lizzy! • How are you?
Morning, Jim! • How’s it going?
Hello. • How’s life?
Responding to initial greetings: Pre-closing:
Very well, thank you and how are you? • OK then
…..
I’m good/okay/alright. • I’ve got
to go now.
Very well, thank you. • So, I’ll see
you next week.
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Oh, pretty good. • I think I’d better be
going now.
Not too bad, thanks. • Well, it’s time
for me to leave.
Excellent. • I must be going home.
Closing/leave taking:
Goodbye (formal/informal).
Bye-bye; Bye; Bye now; See you. Take care.
See you later --- Fine
See you son --- OK
See you tonight --- All right
Good night (after 8 p.m. or retiring to bed)
ACTIVE LISTENING • Listen to the cassette and fill in the
blanks. Act out this conversation.
Situation Soraya meet Adam at the cafeteria.
Soraya : Hello, Adam. How are you (1) ______________?
Adam : Fine, thanks. How are you?
Soraya : I’m very well. Thank you.
Adam : Have you (2) ____________ your lunch?
Soraya : Yes, I have.
I’d better be going, or I’ll be (3) ___________ at
my office.
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Goodbye, Adam.
Adam : Goodbye, Soraya. See you tomorrow.
Answer Key!
1. getting on
2. finished
3. late
Expressing
feelings
Expressing happiness : Formal Expressing
happiness:
• Oh, I ‘m so happy. • Great!
• I can’t say how pleased I am. • Exciting!
• I had a splendid time there. • Fantastic!
• What a marvelous place I’ve ever seen. • Super!
• It’s an outstanding adventure. • Terrific!
• It’s an interesting experience. • Smashing!
(British English)
• It’s a sensational trip. • Hey, that’s
terrific/great.
Expressing boredom: Formal Expressing boredom:
Informal
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• I think it was boring holiday. • It’s totally
boring.
• It sounds boring. • The film was awful
boring.
• It’s totally/awfully boring. • How boring!
• I’m rather bored. • How unexciting!
• How boring! • I’m fed up with all
your grumbling!
• I don’t think the trip was very interesting. • Dull.
• I’m fed up with it. • Not interesting.
Expressing disappointment: Formal Expressing
disappointment: Informal
• That’s very disappointing. • Oh, no!
• I must say I’m really disappointed. • That’s too bad.
• It’s a great disappointment. • That’s a real
shame/pity.
• That’s too bad. • Bad luck!
ENJOY THIS • Make a short conversation based on these
situations.
• You have a lot of homework and you fell bored and want
some refreshments.
• You failed in your driving test three times. You are
reluctant to take the test again.
Answer Key!
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Accept any possible answer
Example
Dialog 1
A : Oh, I am so bored. I have lots of homework. I need to
fresh my mind.
B : That’s OK just take a rest. But, don’t forget to do
your homework
Dialog 2
A : Gosh, I’m so idiot. I have failed the driving test
three times
B : Why don’t you try it once again. Don’t be upset
A : Yeaah..I am fed up now
Asking if someone
remembers or not
Formal expressions: Ways to respond:
• I wonder if you remember …. • Let me think,
yes, I remember.
• You remember …., don’t you? • I remember
especially the scenery
• You haven’t forgetten …., have you? • I’ll never
forget that.
• Don’t you remember ….? • I’ll always remember.
• Do you happen to remember it now? • I can remember
it clearly.
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Informal expression: Ways to respond:
• Remember the old house we used to live in? • Hold
on. Yes, got it!
• Remember that? • I know ….
• I’m sorry I don’t remember. • It’s coming
back to me now.
Response if you forget:
• Sorry, I’ve completely forgetten. • I’m afraid I
have no memory of him.
• I’m afraid I forget. • Err, let me think.
No, it’s gone.
• I really can’t remember. • Sorry, it slipped off
my mind.
WORK IN PAIRS • Complete these conversation with the
expression of “remember/forget”. Practice the conversations
with your friends.
It was Sunday morning, Poppy got dressed and bad breakfast quickly. She was ready to
leave for school. Her mother was a little puzzled.
Mother : Hey…hey… are you going to school?
Poppy : Yes, Mom. I overslept. I’m in a hurry.
Mother : ______________________________
Poppy : Oh, my goodness. I thought it’s a school day!
Answer Key!
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Mother : Do you remember what day is today?
WORK IN PAIRS • Read the following announcement. Then, have a
conversation with you friend.
You may follow this conversation.
A : Do you know who Mr. Amir Daud is?
B : Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
A : Well, he was ____________________.
B : You mean the first editor? What happen to him?
A : Right. He _________________________.
B : Oh, I’m sorry to hear that. May ______________ always.
A : If you want to express your condolences, you may
__________.
B : Where will the funeral ceremony be at? ______________.
A : Would you like to go together to the funeral ceremony?
B : Okay. We will meet later.
A : That’s a good idea.
Answer Key!
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A : the first chief editor of Jakarta Post
A : He passed away on Saturday Sept 9, 2006
B : God Almighty Bless and keep him
A : go to the funeral ceremony
B : Tanah Kusir Cemetery, South Jakarta
The subjective pronouns (be, she, I, it, they, you, we) are used
for the subject of a clause.
e.g.: • Should we help those people?
• Where did you go last week?
The objective pronouns (him, her, me, it, them, you, us) are used
for the object of a verb or a preposition.
e.g.: • Mary saw him on the street.
• John talked to her for a while.
The possessive before a noun (my, his, her, our, their, its, your)
is used to show possession.
e.g.: • This is my book. Where is your book?
The possessive after a noun (mine, his, hers, theirs, yours, ours)
is also used to show possession.
e.g.: This book is mine, but that one on the table is
yours.
Notice the usage of the capital letters.
1. Capitalize names of people, places, courses,
organizations, languages, and words formed from them.
e.g: • Thomas Alfa Edison • Kuningan Street
• New York • Indonesian
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• Biology 212 (the name of a course)
2. Capitalize a persons title before his/her name.
e.g: • Dr. Carlo
• Professor Sukardinn
3. Capitalize names of areas or countries.
e.g: • Indonesia • Thailand
4. Capitalize names of days, months, and holidays.
e.g: • Friday
• Idul Fitri
5. Capitalize the first word of every sentence.
e.g: Do you speak English?
TRY THIS • Read the following text. Change the verbs into the
correct past form. Then, answer the qoestions.
Teks tulis monolog/esei sederhana berbentuk recount.
Punk Legend
JOHNNY RAMONE DIED
LOS ANGELES. Jhonny Ramone, a guitarist and cofounder of the seminal
punk band ‘The Ramones’ (die) (1) _____ He (be) (2) ______ 55.
Ramone (die) (3) ______ in his sleep on Wednesday afternoon at his
Los Angeles home surrounded by friends and family. He (battle) (4)
_______ against prostate cancer for five years and was hospitalized
in June at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. Ramone, born Jhonny Cuming,
was one of the original members of ‘The Ramones’, whose hit songs I
Wanna Be Sedated and Blitzkrieg Bop, among others, (reach) (5) _______ the
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2002.
12
Jhonny Ramone (found) (6) _____ ‘The Ramones’ in 1974 with Joey
Ramone, Dee Dee Ramone and Tommy Ramone, the only surviving member
of the original band.
Find out:
1. How old was Johnny Ramone when he died?
2. How long had he suffered from prostate cancer?
3. What was Johnny Ramone’s given name?
4. When was The Ramones established?
5. The Ramones consisted of four people. How many people
have died? Mention them.
6. When did Johnny Ramone die? (Mention the day and date)
7. Pay attention to the verbs in the biography of Johnny
Ramone. All the verbs are written in the past tense.
Do you know why?
Answer Key!
1. died
2. was
3. died
4. had battled
5. reached
6. founded
Find out:
1. 55
2. 5 years
3. John Cumming
4. 1974
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5. 3, Johnny Ramone, Joey Ramone, DeeDee Ramone
6. on Wednesday afternoon in Los Angeles
7. It tells about the past of Johnny Ramone
Unit 2 Telling Stories (I)
NARRATIVES
Purpose : To amuse or entertain the readers with actual or
imaginary experiences in difference ways.
Narratives always deal with some problems which
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lead to the climax and then turn into a solution to
the problem.
Text Organization • Orientation (who were involved in the
story, when and where)
• Complication (a problem arises followed by
other problems)
• Resolution (solution to the problem)
Fairy tales, fables, myths, tall tales belong to narratives.
Teks monolog berbentuk narrative
TRY THIS • Read the teks then, answer the questions.
The Legend of Minos, King of Crete
Once upon a time there lived a very famous king. He had a
monster which was half bull and half man. He ordered Daedalus, a
craftsman from Athens, to build a labyrinth in order to house the
monster. When Daedolus finished his work, he wanted to leave Crete.
But the king would not let him go.
Daedalus escaped through the air by using wings fixed to his
body with wax. He also made wings for his son, Icarus and made him
fly behind himself. But the son was so glad and excited that he soon
went too high. As he flew nearer to the Sun, it got warmer and
warmer until at last the wax melted and his body fell down into the
15
sea near Troy. The sea is now called the Icarian Sea.
(adapted from : www.greek myth.com)
Find out:
1. Who was Daedalus?
2. What happened to him?
3. How did Daedalus escape from the king?
4. Who was Icarus? What happened to him?
5. Do you like the story? Why/why not?
Answer Key!
1. a craftsman from Athens
2. He was ordered to build a labyrinth in order to house
the monster
3. Daedalus escaped through the air by using wings fixed to
his body with wax.
4. his son. He flew too high. As he flew nearer to the sun,
the wax got melted
5. Yes. It’s funny
Asking for and showing
attention (formal)
Asking for attention (formal):
Excuse me, I wonder if I could trouble you ……
May I have you attention, please?
Excuse me, ….16
Sorry to trouble you.
Sorry to bother you.
Asking for attention (informal):
Look at me!
Look what I’ve got here.
Look here.
Look!
Hey!
Attention, please!
Excuse me!
Showing attention:
I see. • Tell me more about it.
Oh, yes. • Really?
Mmm …. • What’s next?
Aha …. • Is that all?
How interesting! • Oh, no!
TRY THIS • Complete the following conversation, use the
expressions of asking/showing attention whenever necessary.
Dani : __________ Are you familiar with this picture?
Nano : Uhmmm, sorry ________________________
Dani : This is a Greek god called Atlas. He is always
described holding up the earth and the sky.
17
Nano : _______________________.
Dani : Do you know that he held the earth and the sky as a
punishment from the Greek chief god, Zeus?
Nano : No, I don’t know about that.
_____________________________.
Dani : Well, Atlas was the son of Titan, a Greek god and the
sea nymph, Clymene.
Nano : _______________________________.
Dani : Then one day Atlas and the other Titan gods rebelled
against Zeus and the other Olympian Gods and
goddesses.
Nano : _______________________________?
Dani : No, the war was unsuccessful.
Nano : Wow! The war must have been _______________?
Dani : Then, Zeus punished Atlas by forcing him to stand and
support the sky and the earth on his shoulder forever.
Nano : ______________________________.
Dani : And according to the myth, Atlas stood in the
northwest region of what is now called Africa.
Nano : ______________________________.
Answer Key!
18
Hey
I see
Tell me more about it
Mmm…
Was the war successful?
great
Oh!
That’s a good story
Inviting
someone
Offering an invitation:
I’d like you to come to dinner.
I’d like to ask you to come swimming.
Would you like to go to the theater with me on Saturday
night?
How about going to the football match with me tomorrow
afternoon?
Accepting an invitation:
Thank you, I’d be glad to go.
Yes, thank you. I’d be happy to go.
Thank you so much for inviting me.
Let’s meet at the school canteen.
19
Yes. I’d love to.
Sure.
Great.
All right.
Declining an invitation:
I’m so sorry, I’ll be very busy tomorrow night.
I’m afraid that’s not too good for me, what about after
lunch?
ENJOY THIS • Listen to the following conversation and fill in
the blanks. Then, complete the sentences in the following
page.
Geppetto : Hello Geppetto speaking.
The Good Fairy : Hello, Geppetto, this is The Good Fairy
from Fun Island. How are you doing at the puppet
school?
Geppetto : The Good Fairy! How nice to hear from you. I’m
fine, (1) ______, (2) ______ how are you?
The Good Fairy : Good. Look, I’m coming over in April for
Pinnochio’s birthday. Are you going to prepare a
special party for him?
Geppetto : Well, I don’t think I can afford to give him a
party, but there will be a small dinner with his
friends.
The Good Fairy : That will do. I’m sure he’ll be happy.
20
Geppetto : By the way, I (3) ______ you can come and meet me
soon to arrange the party.
The Good Fairy : Sure. Uhm, the party will be on April 23ʳ ͩ
(4) ______ so, (5) _______ meeting at the “Super”
café at 12.30 on April 22ᵑ ͩ?
Geppetto : Just a minute. I’ll check my diary. (6) _______
that’s not good for me. Why don’t we meet on April
21ˢ ͭ, before lunch at the “Super Mall”? It’s small
dinner but there will probably be a lot of things
to buy. That’s why I prefer one stop shopping. What
do you say?
The Good Fairy : (7) _______, that’s possible. You mean
we’ll have lunch together before shopping?
Geppetto : Right.
The Good Fairy : Good idea. OK, let’s say at 11.00 on April
21ˢ ͭ, at the “Super Mall.” If you get delayed, you
can always call me.
Geppetto : All right. See you there. Thanks for phoning.
Bye.
The Good Fairy : Bye.
Answer Key!
1. thanks
2. and you
3. hope
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4. at 7. p.m.
5. will have the
6. No, I ‘m afraid I can’t
7. Yes
Expressing
sympat
hy
Offering condolences:
I’m sorry
I’m sorry to hear about your uncle.
Let me offer my condolences.
Let me tell you how sorry I am to hear about your
grandmother.
I know how you must feel.
You most feel terrible about losing your brother like
that.
Responding to condolences:
Thank you
That’s very kind of you
There’s nothing that can be done about it.
It’s God’s will, I suppose.
God gives and God takes Away.
That’s life.
22
ENJOY THIS • Listen to Belle, expressing her sympathy in a
letter of condolence. Fill in the blanks. Then,
underline any sympathy expression used in the
letter.
Jayapura Street 25
Yogyakarta
25 June 2005
(1) ____________________Mr. Indian,
I have just learned of the (2) _______________ of Tommy,
your beloved pet. I share the grief that you are going through
at this moment and convey my heartfelt condolences.
(3) _______________ do not hesitate to write and tell me if I
can be of any (4) _____________ to you in this hour of sorrow.
Sincerely yours,
Belle
Answer Key!
1. Dear
2. death
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3. Please
4. Help
Expression of sympathy :
I share the grief that you are going through at this moment
and convey my heartfelt condolences.
Relative
pronoun
They are used in sentences to identify certain nouns.
e.g: • There was once a woman.
(What woman? Which woman? What kind of woman?)
• There was once a woman who wanted to have a child.
( It is clearer now)
People ThingsSubject Who (that) That (which)Object That(whom) ------
Possessive Whose Of which (whose)
TRY THIS • Fill in the blanks spaces with who, whom, which, or
whose.
1. In 1886 Schliemann, ____________ had dug out the ruins
of Troy, came to the island of Crete.
24
2. My uncle, _____________ you met the other day, has
recently written a book on Indian Art.
3. Miss Suzuki, ____________ songs are very popular among
young people, will give a concert in our town next
Saturday evening.
Answer Key!
1. who
2. whom
3. whose
The verb in the table below refer to the intellect or senses
of living things. They refer to the mental processes.
Mental/Thinking
verbs
Feeling verbs Verbs of senses
think love seeunderstand enjoy noticeassume hate observeconclude dislike feeldiscover regret smellconsider fear tastedoubt like watchbelieve prefer hear
listenExample:
25
There was once a little fly who thought he was very
important.
He felt proud of himself. (thinking verb, feeling verb)
The fly saw a bull grazing in the field. (verb of
senses)
Adverbs normally follow the pattern manner, place, time.
e.g.: • The dog took the bone quickly from the
market yesterday.
Adverb of manner adverb of place
adverb of time
TRY THIS • Read the following fable. Find the thinking,
feeling, and saying verbs and the verbs of senses. Write them
in the table provided.
A GREEDY DOG
A dog was feeling very proud of himself. He had found a big,
juicy bone at the market. He quickly carried it in his mouth
and ran off to find a place to eat it.
He came to a stream which had very clear water. He
started to walk across it, talking his own sweet time. He was
thinking what a wonderful time he would have when he could eat
the whole juicy bone, all by himself.
26
Suddenly he stopped and looked down into the water. He
saw a dog there looking back at him, also with a bone in his
mouth. He did not know he was looking at himself.
He said to himself, “That dog’s bone looks bigger than
mine. I’ll grap his bone and run away as fast as I can!”
1. Thinking verb
2. Feeling verbs
3. Verbs of senses
4. Saying verbs
Answer Key!
1. Thinking
2. feeling
3. saw, look
4. said
FIRST CHALLENGE • While you read the following fable, listen
and pay attention to the intonation of the story teller. Then
answer the following questions.
THE FLY AND THE BULL
There was once a little fly who thought he was very important.
He felt proud of himself. One sunny morning, he flew around
looking for someone to talk to. He saw a bull grazing in a
field. He decided to fly down to talk to him.
The little fly flew down and buzzed around the bull’s
head. The bull did not bother him. He went on chewing grass.
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The fly then buzzed right inside the bull’s ear. The
bull continued chewing grass. The fly thought, “What a stupid
animal!”
Now the fly decide to land on one of the bull’s horns to
make the bull notice him. He waited for the bull to say
something, but the bull kept quite.
The fly then shouted angrily, “Oh, Bull, if you find
that I am too heavy for you, let me know and I’ll fly away!”
The bull laughed and said, “Little fly, I don’t care if
you stay or leave. You are so tiny that your weight does not
make any difference to me, so please be quite and leave me
alone.”
Find out:
1. Where and when did the story happen?
2. Who were involved in the story?
3. What problem did the fly have?
4. How did he overcome his problem?
5. Then what happened to the bull?
6. What is the message of the story?
7. What do you call a story that talks about animals which
can speak like humans?
Answer Key!
Find out
1. in a field, one sunny morning
2. the fly and the bull
3. the fly was too proud of himself28
4. he buzzed the bull
5. the bull ignored him
6. Don’t be arrogant
7. fable
Unit 3 Following Instructions
PROCEDURE
Purpose To help us do a task or make something. They
can be a set of instructions or directions.
Text Organization • Goal (the final purpose of doing the
instructions)
• Materials (ingredients, utensils, equipment
to do the instructions)
• Steps (a set of instructions to achieve the
final purpose)
Offering
Offering to older people:
Would you like a cup of coffee, Mr. Jeffry?
Should I get you a bottle of water?
Could I offer you a glass of lemonade, Mrs. Poppy?
29
Would you care for some salad?
Offering to friends: Less formal expressions:
Want some? • Would you like to have a
pancake?
Have some? • Why don’t you have some
lemonade?
Chocolate? • What can I get for you?
Glass of lemonade? • What will you have?
Grab some for yourself.
Declining an offer :
No, thanks.
No, I really won’t, thank you.
Not for me thanks.
No, thanks. I’m not hungry.
Accepting an offer :
Thank you. • That would be very nice.
Yes, please. • Thank you, I would.
I’d like it very much.
ENJOY THIS • Work in groups of three. Play these roles.
Student A, student B and student C are visiting you at home.
Offer them something to eat and drink. If anyone declines an
offer, try offering him/her something else.
Answer Key!
30
Accept any possible answer
You : Hi, guys. What’s up. Take a seat. Would you like
something to drink? Tea, coffee or syrup?
A : I want a glass of syrup
B : No…I don’t
You : How about mineral water?
B : Yes…
C : and I a cup of tea
You : Guys, you like pepperoni pizza?
A,B,C : yes…
Teks monolog berbentuk procedure
TRY THIS • Listen to Mike talking about how to make a cheese
omelet. Then, answer the questions.
Have you ever eaten a cheese omelette? Do you know how to make a
Cheese Omelette? No? Would you like me to tell it for you? Okay.
This is the way. Listen to me.
To make a Cheese Omelet, you should prepare ingredients such as
one egg, 50 grams of cheese, uhm... ¼ cup of milk, three
tablespoons of cooking oil, uhm...what else ....? Oh, yeah, a pinch
of salt and don’t forget some pepper. Now, to make a Cheese Omelet,
you will need some kitchen utensils like a frying pan, a fork, a
whisk, a spatula, uhm..... a cheese grater ...and a bowl and of
course ....a plate. Okay? Are you following me ? Right! Let me tell
you how to make it.
First, crack an egg into a bowl like this. Then whisk the egg
with a fork until it is smooth. After that, add some milk and whisk
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well. Grate the cheese into the bowl and stir. Next, heat the oil in
a frying pan, and pour the mixture into the frying pan. Then, turn
the omelet with a spatula when it browns. See, like this. Okay, next
cook both sides. After the omelet is done, place it on a plate,
don’t forget to season it with salt and pepper and you can eat it
while warm. It’s easy, isn’t it? Bon appetite!
Find out:
1. What kitchen utensils do you need to make an omelet?
2. Mention some ingredients you must prepare to make an
omelet?
3. Approximately, how many steps does it take to make a
cheese omelet?
4. Where do you think the monolog probably took place?
5. In your opinion, was Mike reading a text while making
the omelet or was he speaking directly while making the
omelet?
6. Is the text above spoken or written language? Is it
interactive or not?
7. What do you call this kind of text?
8. Who are the listeners?
Answer Key!
1. a frying pan, a fork, a whisk, a spatula, a cheese
grater and a bowl and a plate.
2. one egg, 50 grams of cheese, ¼ cup of milk, three
tablespoons of cooking oil, a pinch of salt and some
pepper.
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3. eight steps approximately
4. on TV, cooking session.
5. He was speaking directly while making the omelet
6. Spoken, yes
7. procedure
8. mothers, cooks, chefs
Sentence
connectors
The bold words above are called sentence connectors. They are
used for telling actions in order (showing someone how to do
something or to make things or showing the order of
instructions).
First of all __________ Meanwhile ______________
Then ______________ Make sure you ___________
Next _______________ Be careful not to __________
After that ___________ Remember to _____________
Finally _____________ Don’t forget to ____________
TRY THIS • Complete the paragraphs using the sentence
connectors in order.
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How to boil an egg
Do you know how to boil an egg? Well, this is the way
___________. (1) heat a saucepan of water on the stove.
__________ (2) put the egg in the boiling water. ____________
(3) heat it until it boils. ___________ (4) cook it for three
minutes. _________ (5) leave the egg until it cools. Now, the
egg is ready to serve. __________ (6) serve it with pepper
powder and salt.
Answer Key!
Accept any possible answer
1. first
2. then
3. next
4. then
5. remember
6. Finally
Teks tulis monolog/esei sederhana berbentuk notice
LET’S TALK • Read the following notice and answer the
questions.
ROOM 1036
When Checking Out :
o Check out by 12: 00 noon
o Be sure to take all your personal belongings
34
o Leave your key at the front desk
o Ask for the bill and pay at the cashier’s desk
In Case of Fire :
Go to the nearest FIRE ALARM box and pull alarm. Fire
extinguishers are available next to each fire alarm box.
Do not use elevators
Follow signs to the nearest EMERGENCY EXIT in order to
evacuate the building
Hotel Manager
Find out:
1. Where can you find this type of notice?
2. Can you leave your room at 1:00 p.m.? Why/why not?
3. What should you do before you leave your room?
4. Where can you get your bill?
5. In case of fire, can you use an elevator?
6. What should you do when a fire happens?
7. What are the fire extinguishers used for?
Answer Key!
1. hotel, inn, motel
2. no, you should check out by 12.00 noon
3. take all the belongings and leave the key at the front
desk.
4. in cashier desk
5. no, I can’t
6. pull the fire alarm
7. to stop burning
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Imperative
In a procedure, it is common to use the simple present tense
in the form of imperative, must, and mustn’t. Imperative
sentences are used to tell people how to do things or give
instructions. To do so, start instructions with the
infinitive.
e.g. : check ….
collect ….
buy ….
In addition, it is also a common practice to use sentence
connectors (e.g: one, two, first, then, next, finally, etc.) in a procedure.
Very polite
commands
Polite
Commands
Simple
Commands
Negative
Commands Would you
go away,
please?
Would you
take this
letter,
please?
Would you
clean the
shoes,
please
Would you
eat
quickly,
please?
Go away,
please.
Sign this
letter,
please.
Clean the
shoes,
please.
Eat
quickly,
please.
Go away.
Sign this
letter.
Clean the
shoes.
Eat
quickly.
Don’t go
away.
Don’t
sign this
letter.
Don’t
clean the
shoes.
Don’t eat
quickly.
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Must and
Mustn’t
Must is used to say that something is necessary to be
done. Whereas mustn’t (i.e. must not) is used to say that
something is not allowed to be done.
e.g.: You must go now or you’ll be late.
WORK IN PAIRS • Fill in the blanks spaces with must or mustn’t.
Before you board a plane, you (1) __________ show your
boarding card. You (2) ________ fasten your seatbelt during
take-off, landing, and during the flight when the sign is lit
up. Passengers (3) _________
Use cell phone on board. You (4) _________ use the toilet
during take-off or landing, and you (5) _______ smoke in the
toilet at any time. Passengers (6) _________ smoke in the non-
smoking area.
After landing, you (7) ________ stay in your seat until
the aircraft has come to a standstill.
Answer Key!1. must
2. must
3. mustn’t
4. mustn’t
5. mustn’t
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6. mustn’t
7. must
YOUR CHALLENGE • Read the following text about how to play the
hole game. Then, Answer the questions.
Teks tulis monolog/esei sederhana berbentuk procedure
THE HOLE GAME
Materials needed
Two players, one marble per person, a hole
in ground, a line (distance) to start from.
Steps
You must dub (click marbles together)
You must check that the marbles are
in good condition and are nearly worth the same value.
Dig a hole in the ground and draw a line
a fair distance away from the hole.
The first player carefully throws his or her marble towards the
hole.
Then the second player tries to throw his or her marble
closer to the hole than his or her opponent.
The player whose marble is closest to the hole
tries to flick his / her marble into the hole.
If successful, this player tries to flick his or her opponent’s
marble
into the hole. The person flicking the last marble
into the hole wins and gets to keep both marbles
Find out:
38
1. What does the text tell us about?
2. How many players are involved in the game?
3. What important thing is used in the game?
4. How many steps are there in the instruction?
5. How can a player win the game?
Answer Key!1. how to play the hole game
2. 2
3. one marble for one person
4. six
5. The person flicking the last marble into the hole wins
and gets to keep both marbles.
Unit 4 Telling Stories (II)
39
NARRATIVES
Purpose Like myths and legends, short stories are
narratives because they are concerned with
talking about the evens. Other examples of
narrative writing are novels. cartoon strips,
and picture books.
Text Organization • An orientation (beginning)
It consists of:
a. a setting
b. characters
c. a plot
• A complication (middle)
• A resolution (ending)
Essential patterns of direct and indirect speech
Direct speech Indirect Speech with the
introductory verb past tenseImperative (positive)
Go away.
Bring me book.
Imperative (negative)
Don’t do that.
Don’t clean it yourself.
He told me to go away.
She asked her to bring him a
book.
He asked me (her, us, etc) not
to do it.
He told me not clean myself.
40
Statement
I am very sorry.
I lost my temper yesterday.
He said that he was very sorry.
He told me that he had lost his
temper the day before.`WH` questions
Where are you going?
How did you do this?
Yes/no questions
Are tiu enjoying yourself?
Can you hear me?
He asked her where she was
going.
I wanted to know how you had
done that.
He asked me if/whether I was
enjoying myself.
She wanted to know if/whether
I was could hear her.Exclamations
What a lovely house!
Hello! Where are you going?
Oh dear! I’ve torn my skirt.
She remarked what a lovely
house it was.
He greeted me and asked me
where I was going.
She exclaimed saldy that she
had torn her skirt.
TRY THIS • Change the following sentences into reported speech
with an introductory verb in the past tense.
1. “So, what is the smile for? Something funny?”, she asked
me fiercely.
2. “You seem preetier when you’re angry ….”, I answered.
3. “You’re crazy!!”, she cried.
4. “I know I’m crazy. But do you know who makes me crazy?
Who makes me like this?”.
41
5. “You do!” I said firmly.
6. “I’ve never seen you cry before, Lina”.
7. “Tom, I don’t mean to hurt you …”, she said nervously.
8. “I see, you are a nice girl. Stop crying please.”
9. “Okay, Lina. We can meet again at school tomorrow …”
10. “Wait a minute, Tom!”, Lina stopped me.
Answer Key!
1. She asked me fiercely what the smile was for and whether
something was funny
2. He said that I seemed prettier when I was angry
3. She said that I was crazy
4. She said that she knew that she was crazy but she asked
me whether I knew who made her crazy and who made her
like that.
5. She said firmly that I did it
6. She said that she had never seen me cry before
7. She said that she didn’t mean to hurt me
8. He said that she knew that I was a nice girl. He told me
to stop crying.
9. She said that we could meet again at school the next day
10. Lina told me to wait for minute.
Expressing
thanks
Expressing gratitude:
42
Thanks you. • I thanks you .
Thanks. • I’m very much obliged to
you.
Thanks you very much. • Thanks you for you
kindness.
Many thanks. • Thanks you for everything.
Thanks a lot. • Thanks for (your help).
Showing gratitude when refusing:
Thanks anyway.
No, thanks you.
No, thanks.
TRY THIS • Read and listen to these conversations carefully.
Pay attention to their intonation. Then underline the
expressions of showing gratitude.
Conversation 1
A : Hello, John Smith speaking.
B : Hello. This is Poppy Jones. May I speak to your sister?
A : She just stepped out. I think she’s next door. I can call her if you like.
B : No, thank you. I’ll phone again later. Good-bye.
A : Good-bye.
1. Where are they? Are they at the same place?
2. How do they get in touch?
Conversation 2
43
A : Excuse me, but cab you tell me how to get to the museum?
B : I’m afraid I don’t know, I’m new here myself.
A : I see. T hanks anyway.
B : Sorry I can’t help you.
3. Where are the speakers?
4. Do they know each others very well? How do you know?
Answer Key!
Conversation 1
1. at their house, no
2. by phone
→ No. thank you
Conversation 2
3. on the road
4. no, the first speaker asks some information to the
second speaker and the language used is formal.
→Thanks anyway
Teks monolog berbentuk narrative
FIRST CHALLENGE • Listen to the following. Then, answer the
questios.
44
I Did Not Mean To Hurt You
“Hello … Yustita!” Lucy’s voice surprised me. Why not? She never
comes so early like this morning. She usually comes a few minutes
before the bell rings.
“Hi! What is wrong? You don’t look yourself today. Why did you
come so early today?”
“My father gave me a lift. By the way,. have you heard anything
about “Elsa?”
“What is the matter with her?” I asked. ”Haven’t you heard?
Everyone at school has,” she replied.
“What is it? Would you tell me, please?” I begged her.
“O.K., She is falling in love with Iwan. Don’t you know? She is
your classmate, isn’t she?”
“You are kidding! I can’t believe it is true. As far as I know,
she is a calm girl. But… how about Iwan’s response?” I asked
her .
“Wow …. I don’t know. Please ask him yourself. Iwan and you
belong to the same volleyball club, don’t you? But I think he
pays no special attention to her. Since … He loves somebody
else,” she replied.
“Who is she?” I asked.
“Well …. You’d better to ask him yourself. The bell will be
ringing soon,” she answered hurriedly and ran to her classroom.
Lucy is not my classmate. She is in the IPA (science) department
while I am in the language department.
The break finally ended. One by one, my friends entered the
classroom. It was very noisy in the classroom. The teacher was
absent and there was no special assignment.
“Tita … Are you going to play volleyball this afternoon?” Elsa
asked.
“Yes, what can I do for you?”
“I want to give this letter to Iwan. Will you help me give it to
45
him?” Elsa begged me.
“Yes, I will. Believe me. I am as good as Mr. Postman,” I said
with a smile.
“Thanks a lot for your help.”
“No problem.”
In the afternoon, I met Iwan in the volleyball court. He was
smiling when I approached him.
“Iwan ….”, I called.
“Yes, what is wrong?” he came to me with a smile.
“Here is a letter for you,” I said while handing it to him.
“Who is it from?” Iwan requested.
“Please read it yourself,” I said.
“Well, is it from your close friend?”
“Right,” I replied shortly.
Iwan was smiling when he looked at me. I was a bit annoyed by his
smile.
A week had passed when Elsa came to me and asked about her
letter.
“How about the letter?” I wonder why he hasn’t answered it yet.”
“I’m afraid I don’t know. I haven’t met him for a week. But I
promise that I will ask about it as soon as I meet him.”
“Don’t forget it, Tita”.
One evening Iwan dropped by my house to return a book which he
borrowed a few days before.
“Iwan, have you answered Elsa letter I gave you a few days ago?”
“Sorry, … I have had no time to write it. I’d rather say … I
don’t love her, but I do love someone else,” he replied.
“May I know who?”
“Well, you will know everything soon. Sorry, …. I must be off
now. Give my best regards to your parents. See you tomorrow.”
“Yes, I will. See you”.
When I was studying that evening, I found a letter in the book
which Iwan returned. I was really very surprised when I read it
….
Oh my God! What should I do? Do I like him?
46
Maybe, but how about Elsa? She is my classmate and my good
friend. It hurts to know this. Oh, no …. I will not do it. And
tomorrow I will tell him. I must find time to say it.
Iwan … I don’t mean to hurt you. I can’t love you. Please don’t
hate me. Let’s be friends till the end of time, but don’t love
me.
I can’t do that, you know. Oh God, help me explain it to
him. I really don’t know what I will do if I meet Elsa tomorrow.
Dear Yustita Indriani,
Thanks a lot of your kindness. But I am very sorry to
let you know that I do not love your friend.
If you really want to know the girl who I like the
best, her name is YUSTITA INDRIANI, the one who is reading
this letter now.
Yes, Tita, I do love you. I have wanted to say it to you
directly, but you never gave me a chance to do so.
Well, I’m waiting for your answer, dear.
With love,
Iwan Pradita(Adapted from: Hello English Magazine, 132)
Find out:
1. What kind of short story is it?
2. Does the title seize your attention? How does it relate
to the story?
3. How does the beginning of the story make your
interested?
4. Where does the story take place?
5. Who are the characters? Are they true to life?
47
6. What is the story about?
7. Is the story interesting or exciting?
8. Is the ending of the story a surprise? Were the problem
solved?
9. Who is telling the story? Is it a character in the story
or an observer?
Answer Key!
1. Love story
2. Yes. It shows the content of the story
3. Using direct speech
4. School and home
5. Yustita, Iwan and Elsa
6. Love
7. Interesting
8. Yes. No
9. The character of the story
48
Unit 5 What Does It Look Like?
DESCRIPTION
Purpose to describe a particular
person/thing
Text Organization • Identification (mention the
name, occupation, profession and career)
• Description (mention the physical
features, the way he/she dresses and
his/her personality)
Linking Verbs
A linking verb connects a noun or pronoun with words that
identify or describe the noun or pronoun.
Many linking verbs are forms of the verbs be.
49
e.g.: • I am a student.
• His paws are strong.
• Volvo is a pomeranian dog.
• The house was on the hill.
• The books were on the table.
Beside to be, there are other linking verbs.
e.g.: • Volvo appears happy when he sees his master.
• The Doberman dog seems fierce.
• The dog’s barking sounds very noisy.
• The cat is becoming fatter and fatter.
• The horse looked really tired.
• The milk tastes so sweet.
TRY THIS • Change these sentences using another linking verbs.
Number one has been done for you.
1. Browny has large black eyes. Browny’s eyes are large and black.
2. Tweety is fatter than the other birds. Tweety looks
_____________.
3. There is a flower horn on Mars’s head. Mars
______________ on her head.
4. BB’s hooked beak is so powerful. ______________.
5. Volvo has grayish-white fur. BB’s has ______________.
50
6. BB’s feathered crest is colorful and stiff. BB’s
_____________ appear ___________.
7. Ganky is a funny rabbit with two long ears. Ganky is a
funny rabbit that ___________.
Answer Key!
1. -
2. Tweety looks bigger
3. Mars has a flower on her head
4. BB’s hooked beak looks so powerful
5. BB’s has white fur
6. BB’s feathered crest appears colorful and stiff
7. Ganky is a funny rabbit that has two long ears
Subject + Verb + Object + Proper Noun
Pay attention to these sentence:
I call my rabbit Browny.
I named my dog VOLVO.
I consider my cockatoo to be one of the most wonderful
species of birds.
Teks monolog berbentuk descriptive
FIRST CHALLENGE • Listen to the cassette and fill in the
blanks.
51
Do you like birds ? Do you have one at home? I have one.
It’s a cockatoo. It’s the most (1)________ bird I have ever
had. I call it BB.
Well, BB is originally (2)________ to Philippines. BB has a
stiff feathered crest and (3)________ hooked beak. Her body
size lies between 30 and 32 centimeters. You see, BB is a
(4)_________ cockatoo. She is clever at mimicking a human’s
(5)________. She can say, “Good morning. How are you today?”
or sing “Twinkle, twinkle Little Stars”. She (6)________
very loudly when she is (7)_________. Everybody finds her
(8)__________. BB has (9)__________ feathers. She has blue
feathers with bright markings. The combination of blue,
orange and pink makes her look cute. You know what, she can
(10)__________ up two ears of corn every day and she drinks
a lot of water.
Find out:
1. What is BB?
2. What does it look like?
3. Is she a clever cockatoo? How do you know?
4. What does she eat?
5. Where does the bird come from?
6. How big is BB?
7. What is the speaker’s purpose in this spoken text?
Answer Key!
1. beautiful
2. native
52
3. powerful
4. clever
5. speech
6. whistles
7. cheerful
8. amusing
9. wonderful
10. finish
Find out:
1. It’s a cockatoo
2. BB has a stiff feathered crest and powerful hooked beak.
3. BB is a clever cockatoo. She is clever at mimicking a
human’s speech.
4. Two ears of corn every day
5. BB is originally native to Philippines
6. Her body size lies between 30 and 32 centimeters.
7. To describe BB
The following groups of words and phrases contain
characteristics for a general description. Look over them.
Complexi
on
fair, dark
e.g.: • Whitney has dark complexion but
Julia has a fair complexion.
• Whitney is dark-skinned but
Julia is fair-skinned.
53
Height Tall, short, of average height, of
medium height.
e.g.: • Tony is tall but Peter is medium
height.
• Fanny is not short but she is
average height.Age Old, young, elderly, middle-aged, older
than his/her age, younger than his/her
age
e.g.: • Paul is a 24 years old but he
looks older than his age.
• I’m 35 and my brother is 30,
but I look younger than my brother.
• My aunt, Betty is an elderly
woman.
• My aunt is 30 years old, but
she always appears younger.Build/
Figure
Small, tiny, diminutive, big, stocky,
stout, muscular, straight, bent, skinny,
slim, slender, slight, plump, fat,
obese, straight
e.g.: • The soldier’s body is straight
and muscular.
• The old woman has a diminutive
and bent body.Looks Attractive, beautiful, great looking,
charming, pretty, cute, cool, sexy,
homely, plain, unattractive, ugly
e.g.: • Jessica looks beautiful with her
54
red lips.
• Adam is a cute and cool young
man.
TRY THIS • Fill in the blanks with the appropriate compound
adjectives. Number one has been done for you.
1. Agni was so bright-eyed when she heard that she was nominated as the best
student of the year.
2. Mr. Adam always appear neat with his ________________
because he always shaves every two days.
3. As a sportsman, Alex is ________________.
4. Mr. Donny is no longer young. He is _________________
man.
5. She really looks beautiful in her __________________.
6. Susan’s hair is no longer _________________. She is
coloring it ________________.
Answer Key!
Accept any possible answer
2. clean-shaven chin
3. a good shaped body
4. middle-aged
5. wavy-hair
6. blonde-hair, pitched black-hair
Expressing
compliments:
55
Expressing compliments: Responding to
compliments:
That’s a lovely cake. • Thank you.
That was a nice linch. • I’m glad you
enjoyed it.
You look good in that dress. • Thank. Do you
really think so?
What a lovely garden. • Thank you very much.
It’s nice of you to say so.
You’re really a good cook. • I’m glad you like it.
You’ve done a great job. • Thanks a lot.
You did it very well.
Well done.
You’re doing just fine.
You’re doing great.
TRY THIS • Listen to the conversation and fill in the blanks.
Anisa : Wow! That’s a (1) _______________ dress, Poppy. Is it
new?
Poppy : Yes, it is. (2) _________________.
Anisa : The color the model (3) _________________ on you.
Poppy : Oh, do you really think so? I am really fond of this
dress.
Anisa : Did you make it yourself?
Poppy : Certainly not, Anis. My aunt gave it to me as a
birthday gift.
56
Anisa : Dis she? What a (4) ________________ you have!
Answer Key!
1. lovely
2. Thank you.
3. look nice
4. good aunt
Teks tulis monolog/esei sederhana berbentuk descriptive
FIRST CHALLENGE • Read and answer the questions.
Debby Putti is a model from Surabaya. Now she is a student of
State Senior High School 71 Surabaya. Debby is the first daughter
of Mr. Fajar Putti and Mrs. Ana Karaeng. Debby becomes a famous
model when she won the competition of Teenage Model 2005 and YTV
Jrang-Jreng 2004.
Debby is brown -skinned. She is tall and slender. She is 17
years old. Debby has wavy, short, black hair, a pointed nose and
rather big ears. Her face is oval and her cheeks are dimpled
when she smiles.
Debby is an attractive girl in her blue jeans. She likes
wearing a cotton jacket
and a T-shirt. She always wants to feel relaxed. She is neat and
well- dressed.
Debby is a cheerful and friendly girl. Everybody likes her
because she is humorous and creative girl. She gets on well with
other people and she never forces her opinion to others. But
sometimes Debby is short-tempered when she loses her needful
57
things.
Her hobbies are cooking Japanese food, shopping and singing.
Debby has a beautiful voice and her favorite singer is Kris
Dayanti.
Find out:
1. What does the text talk about?
2. What is Debby’s profession?
3. How did she become famous?
4. What is her complexion?
5. The way she dressed shows that she is an …. Person!
6. Mention her positive and negative traits.
Answer Key!
1. Debby Putti
2. mode
3. She won the competition of Teenage Model 2005 and YTV
Jrang Jreng 2004
4. brown-skinned
5. easy going
6. (+) cheerful, humorous, creative
(-) short-temper
Unit 6 What a Beautiful Place!DESCRIPTION
Purpose to describe a particular place
58
Text organization: • Identification (mention the special
participant)
• Description
(mention the part, quality, and characteristic of
the subject being described)
Teks monolog berbentuk descriptive
ACTIVE LISTENING • Listen to a student talking about her
school. Fill in the blanks.
Let me tell you about my school. My school is located in
(1)_______ Street. It is near the (2)_______. It is one of the
(3)_______ schools in our town. Uhm…My school is not (4)________.
The (5)________ is in front of the school building. Oh yes, I
almost forget, it has a (6)________ at the back and 27 large
classrooms to study. There is a large (7)________ in the middle.
two toilets, one for males and the other for females. And of
course, it has 3 (8)_________ for chemistry, biology, and physics.
The school building consists of (9)__________, upper classrooms
and lower classrooms. (10)________ is the students’ most favorite
place. That’s all about my school.
Answer Key!
1. Mahakam
2. Mall
3. best
59
4. too big
5. yard
6. canteen
7. basketball field
8. laboratories
9. two-stair-classroom
10. the canteen
Asking for information: Guessing:
I’d like to know . . . . • I’d say . . . .
I’m interested in . . . . • Could it
be . . . .
Could you tell me . . . . ? • Perhaps it’s . . . .
Do you know . . . . ? • I think it’s . . . .
Could you find out . . . . ? • It looks
like . . . .
Could I ask . . . . ? • It’s difficult to say,
but I’d guess . . . .
Do you happen to know . . . . ?
Right or wrong:
Correct Wrong
• That’s not.
• No, I’m afraid.
• right
• Not quite.
• Right.
When you are
surprised:
Really!
Are you joking?
Oh?
Where? Show me.
I can’t see
60
• You’re close.
• OK.
• I don’t know.
• Yes.
• I’m not sure.
• Exactly!
that.
Goodness!
What?
Thinking verbs are processes of sensing: feeling, thinking, and
perceiving
Feeling : like, dislike, hate, love, please
Thinking : think, agree, assume, puzzle
Perceiving : see, watch, hear, notice, smell
Study the following sentences.
Mark likes his new car.I don’t understand this question.I smell the roses in
garden.Nice
clothes
pleases Jack.
Sometimes we use more than one adjective to describe
something. We can use both fact adjectives and
opinion adjectives.
Opinion adjectives go before fact adjectives.
opinion fact
A beautiful silky
61
dress
An interesting young
lady
An expensive large round wooden
table
Expressing
location
Useful phrases to express location:
To face (is facing, faces)
To be opposite (is opposite, are opposite)
On, at, in
Under, beneath
Over, on top of
At the top of, on the site of, at the bottom of
Inside
Outside
Beside, next to, near, in between
In back of, in the middle of, in front of
(to)(on) the left (of),(to)(on) the right (of)
Across from
(at)(on) the corner of
To be located (is located)
To be situated (is situated)
To lie (lies, lie)
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ENJOY THIS • Practice the following conversation with a
friend.
Bunga : Excuse me. Is there anyone here who is good at
geography?
Panca : Well, maybe I could help.
Bunga : Oh, thanks. I’m trying to find Darwin this map of
Australia.
Panca : Let me have a look. Darwin … Darwin. Oh, there you
are. It’s in the north.
Bunga : Oh, how foolish I am. I thought it was in the south.
Panca : Yeah, it’s somewhere in the Northern Territory. It
faces the Pacific ocean.
Bunga : You’re right. Thanks a lot.
Find out:
1. What are they talking about?
2. What city are they looking for?
3. Why couldn’t Bunga find Darwin?
4. Where exactly is the location of Darwin?
Answer Key!
1. They are talking about finding a place by map
2. they are looking for Darwin
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3. She thought that it was in North
4. Darwin is somewhere in the Northern Territory. It faces
the Pacific Ocean
Relating verbs
Relating verbs involve states of being and having. They are used
identify something (identifying) or to assign a quality to
something (attributive).
Attributive IdentifyingBe become
go
Get turn
grow
Keep stay
remain
Look appear
seem
Smell taste
feel
Sound end up
turn out
Last weigh
concern
Be
become equal
Add up to play
act as
Call
mean define
Represent spell
express
Form give
constitute
Imply stand
for symbolize
Realize
indicate signify
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Cost has
belong to
Need require
Be taken take up
span
Resemble occupy
own
Include
involve contain
Comprise provide
cause
Pay attention to the italic words:
My school has five canteens.
The canteen is beside the music room.
The parking area for students looks very clean.
TRY THIS • Fill in the blanks spaces in the following text
with suitable relating verbs.
Good morning, Ladies and Gentlemen. I’m Christhoper, your
guide on this “Karimunjawa Beach National park” trip.
Ladies and Gentlemen, Karimunjawa Beach National park
(1)___________ one of the best tourist resorts in Central
Java. It (2)__________ to Jepara Regency.
Karimunjawa island (3)__________ of 27 island, rich in flora
and fauna under the sea water. Karimunjawa (4)___________
about 83 kilometers from the west of Kartini beach, Jepara.
Karimunjawa (5)___________ a shark preservation. We can also
see Dewandaru trees (6)___________ around the islands.
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Answer Key!
1. is
2. belongs
3. consist
4. is
5. has
6. live
Noun Phrases
Pay attention to the underlined parts. They are noun phrases.
They may perform all nominal functions such as:
Subject
Examples: 1. My father’s car was made in 1986.
2. The new one must have a sink on the left.
Object of verb
Examples: 1. You mean the capital city of Bosnia.
2. It has a big dent.
Object of a preposition
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Examples: 1. Below the sink is a row of large
counters.
2. What is next to the big counters?
Subjective complement
Examples: 1. To the right of the sink is a big
counter.
2. Is it the largest city in Bosnia?
Expressing congratulations
Expressions of congratulations:
Congratulations!
Congratulations on your promotion.
May I congratulate you on winning the contest?
I must congratulate you on your success.
Please accept my warmest congratulations on your wedding
day.
I congratulate you on your being admitted in one of the
favorite senior high school in our district.
Please accept my heartiest congratulations.
Responses to congratulations:
Thanks!
Thank you.
Thank you very much.
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TRY THIS • Complete the dialog with congratulating
expressions.
Mr. Jackson : Well. Mr. Simon, ______________ on the
opening of your new branch office.
Mr. Simon : Oh, ______________, Mr. Jackson. I’m glad you
could come. I really appreciate it.
Mr. Jackson : Thank you, by the way, how many branches do
you have now, Mr. Simon?
Mr. Simon : Uhm … four altogether. This is the fourth one.
Mr. Jackson : Well, you’ve done a great job, Mr. Simon.
______________ once again and all the best to
you.
Mr. Simon : __________________.
Answer Key!
Accept any possible answer
Mr. Jackson: Congratulation
Mr. Sunton : Thank you
Mr. Jackson: I must congratulate you for your success
Mr. Sunton : Thank you
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Teks tulis monolog/esei sederhana berbentuk descriptive
ACTIVE READING • Read the following text about Jakarta. Then,
answer the questions.
JAKARTA CITYJakarta is the capital city of Indonesia. It is centrally
located within the country on the northwest coast of Java Island
at the mouth of the Ciliwung River. Jakarta dominates
Indonesian’s administrative, economy, and cultural activities,
and is a major commercial and transportation hub within Asia.
With the population of about 6 million, Jakarta has more
population than any other cities in Indonesia.
The climate is hot and humid year-round. Rainfall occurs
throughout the year, although it is the heaviest from November to
May. The average annual precipitation in Jakarta is 1,790 mm. The
city lies on a flat, low plain and is prone to flooding during
periods of heavy rainfall.
Kota is the city’s oldest commercial area. It is located south of
the old Sunda Kelapa harbor. Glodok, the south of Kota is a
banking, retail and residential neighborhood with a large Chinese
population. Merdeka Square with Monas (The National Monument)
dominates the city’s central district. Surrounding the square are
Istana Merdeka, the presidential palace, the National Museum, and
the Istiqlal Mosque.Adapted from: Microsoft Encarta
Find out:
1. What information can you get about Jakarta?
2. What information does the article give about Glodok?
3. Where is the National Monument located?
4. What is the purpose of the writer in this text?
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5. If the writer didn’t mention the name of the city as
Jakarta, could you have guessed it? Why?
Answer Key!
1. Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia
It is centrally located in the country on the northwest
coast of Java island at the mouth of Ciliwung River.
It dominates Indonesia’s administrative, economy,
cultural activities and is a major commercial and
transportation hub within Asia
The climate is hot and humid year-round
2. Glodok is a banking retail and residential neighborhood
with a large Chinese population.
3. in Merdeka Square
4. to describe Jakarta
5. no. it is the identification
Degrees of
comparison
1. the same as and the same (they have the same meaning, but
the same as is used between the two nouns being compared, and
the same is used after the two nouns or a plural noun).
Examples: • Bogor is the same as Ungaran.
• Bogor and Ungaran are the same.
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2. similar to and similar (they have the same meaning, but
similar to is used between the two nouns or a plural noun)
Examples: • Surabaya is similar to Medan.
• Surabaya and Medan are similar.
3. like and alike (they have the same meaning, but like is
used between the two nouns compared and alike is used after
the two nouns).
Examples: • The weather feels like spring.
• The weather and spring are alike.
4. Specific similarity:
a. the same … as for quality nouns (age, color,
height, length, price, size, style, weight)
Example: • Ujung Pandang is almost the same size as
Semarang.
b. as … as for quality adjectives (big, cheap,
clear, cold, easy, expensive, hard, heavy, hot, large,
little, long, old, short, small, tall, young, etc.
Examples: • Mira’s house is as big as mine.
5. different and different from (they have same meaning, but
different from is used between the two
nouns being compared, and different is used after the two
nouns.)
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Example: • My sister is different from you.
• My sister and I are different.
6. to differ from (it is a verb)
Example: • Jogyakarta differs from Jakarta.
7. Comparative estimates
a. Multiple numbers (half, twice, three times, four times,
ten times, etc.)
Example: • Semarang is three times as big as Ungaran.
b. More than and less than
Example: • Palembang has more than a hundred good
buildings.
c. As many as
Example: My town should have as many as a hundred public
telephones.
8. Comparative Adjectives
Examples: • This room is more spacious than the other
one.
• The climate here is milder than that of my town.
9. Superlative Adjectives
Examples: • New York is the large of all American
cities.
• Denpasar is the prettiest of all cities on Bali
island.
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Note: Remember some irregular adjectives
bad/worse/ the worst☺
far/farther/ the farthest☺
TRY THIS • Arrange the following jumbled words into a
meaningful adverbial phrases. One has been done for you as an
example.
1. London has changed a lot (century/since/17ͭ ͪ /the).
London has changed a lot since the 17ͭ ͪ century.
2. Coal is no longer used (petroleum/of/use/the/since).
3. This ancient royal building was build (century/in/the/19ͭ ͪ
/early/of).
4. The St. Paul Church was partly burned
(1666/in/during/London/of/the/Great Fire).
Answer Key!
1. –
2. Coal is no longer used since the use of petroleum
3. This ancient royal building was built in the early of
19th century
4. The St. Paul Church was partly burned in the Great fire
of London during 1666
Participle
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phrases
The present participle can be used to replace a relative
clause in the active voice.
e.g. : • The house which is standing at the foot of hill
belongs to the royal family.
• The house standing at the foot of the hill belongs to
the royal family.
The past participle can be used to replace a relative clause
in the passive voice.
e.g. : • The Thames River, which is situated between East
London and West London, flows into the sea.
• The Thames River, situated between East London and
West London, flows into the sea.
TRY THIS • Rewrite the following sentences using the
participle phrases. Number one has done for you as an example.
1. Jakarta, which is centrally located within the country on the northwest
coast of Java Island, is the capital and largest city of the
Republic of Indonesia.
Jakarta, centrally located on the northwest coast of Java Island, is
the capital and largest city of the Republic of
Indonesia.
2. Jakarta, which is called Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta Raya, has a
total area of 661 km.
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3. The hotel which feces forward the snowy mountain is a five-star
hotel
4. The rooms which have sea views are expensive.
5. The tree which is growing in the front of my house is a Flamboyant
tree.
Answer Key!
2. Jakarta, called Daerah khusus Ibukota Jakarta Raya, has
a total area of 661 km.
3. The hotel facing forward the snowy mountain is a five-
star hotel.
4. The room which having sea views are expensive.
5. The tree growing in front of my house is Flamboyant
tree.
Compound
Adjectives
Read and study the following sentences:
• The building opposite to the bank is a two-story shop.
It means: the shop has two floors.
• The five-bedroom bungalow has been mortgaged to the bank.
It means: the bungalow that has five bedroom.
• The passengers are allowed to smoke only in the smoking
compartment.
It means: a compartment for people to smoke.
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TRY THIS • Make compound adjectives from the phrases below.
Number one has been done for you as an example.
1. A station for broadcasting = broadcasting station
2. A cupboard that has five shelves = ________________
3. An apartment with ten floors = ________________
4. A car with four doors = ________________
5. The wall that surrounds a city = ________________
6. A laboratory for physics experiments = ________________
Answer Key!
2. A five-shelf cupboard
3. A ten-floor apartment
4. A four-door car
5. A city hall
6. A physic laboratory
Punctuation
1. Capitalize nouns that name specific geographical
locations.
e.g. : • Glacier National Park but a park in the
West
• New York city but a city in America
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2. Compass directions that name a definite section of the
country or the world should be capitalize.
e.g. : • the Middle East but Allen is traveling
east.
• the Near East but The live east of the
mountain.
• Note : The modern trend is to write nouns and
adjectives derived from East, West, North, and
South with small letters.
e.g. : • a northerner
• southern hospitality
• middle-western speech
• Exceptions : These adjectives are generally
capitalized when they refer to a political region.
e.g. : • Eastern Europe
• Southeast Asia
3. Capitalize the names of specific streets, highways,
buildings, and organizations, significant events, and
holidays.
e.g. : • Forty-sixth Street
• Ohio Turnpike, First Avenue, Oak Street, New York
Parkway
TRY THIS • Punctuate the following sentences.
1. early in the seventeenth century king George I of
England gave the London company the right to settle in
north America.
77
2. after crossing the atlantic ocean, the settlers
established Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent
british settlement in this continent.
3. in 1619 a ship owned by Holland brought the first
africants to the English colonies in America.
Answer Key!
1. Early in the Seventh Century King George I of England
gave the London company the right to settle in North
America.
2. After crossing the Atlantic Ocean, the settlers
established Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent
British settlement on this continent.
3. In 1619 a ship owned by Holland brought the first
Africans to English colonies in America.
78
Unit 7 Breaking News
NEWS ITEMPurpose To inform readers, listeners, or viewers
about events of the day which are considered
newsworthy or important.
Text Organization • Newsworthy events (tells the events in
a summary form)
• Background events (elaborates what
happened, explains what caused the incident)
79
• Source (comments by participants,
witnesses, authorities, and experts involved
in the event)
Teks monolog berbentuk news item
ACTIVE LISTENING • Listen to the following news. While
listening, complete the missing words with the words you hear.
Then, answer the questions.Good morning listeners. It’s ten o’clock in the morning and
you’re listening to Headline News in 007 Archid FM. I’m Mike
Tjokro. The first newsworthy event comes from Moscow.
A Russians journalist has uncovered (1)________ of another
Soviet nuclear catastrophe, which killed ten (2)________ and
contaminated an (3)_______ town.
Yelena Vazrshavskya is the first (4)________ to speak to
people who witnessed the (5)________ of a nuclear submarine at
the naval base of Shkotovo 22, near Vladivostock.
The (6)_________, which occurred 13 months before the
Chernobyl (7)________, spread radioactive fallout. The base and
nearby town, were covered up by officials of the Soviet Union.
Residents were told that the explosion was in the reactor of
the Victor Submarine. It was said to be a ‘thermal’ and not
nuclear (8)________. Those involved in the clean up operation
to (9)________ more than 600 tons of contaminated material were
sworn to (10)________.
A board of investigators was later to (11)________ it as
the worst (12)________ in the history of the Soviet Navy.
OK listeners, that’s the first news for today. I am coming back
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soon with some other important news. So, stay tuned to 007 FM
Archid Radio Station.
Find out:
1. Who found evidence of another Soviet nuclear
catastrophe?
2. How many sailors were killed in the accident?
3. What contaminated an entire town?
4. Who interviewed the witnesses of the accident?
5. Where did the accident happen?
6. When the accident happened, what did the Soviet Union
do?
7. Do you know any reasons why people involved in the clean
up operation were sworn to secrecy?
8. How much contaminated material was there in the clean up
operation?
9. What does ‘catastrophe’ mean?
Answer Key!1. evidence
2. sailors
3. entire
4. journalist
5. explosion
6. accident
7. disaster
8. explosion
9. remove
10. secrecy
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11. describe
12. accident
Find out
1. Yelena Vazrshavskya
2. 10
3. a nuclear catastrophe
4. Yelena Vazrshavskya
5. at the naval base of Shkotovo 22, near Vladivostock.
6. it occurred 13 months before the Chernobyl disaster,
spread radioactive fallout.
7. Yes
8. 600 tons
9. A great disaster
Expressions used in an interview
Opening the interview: Asking for
information:
• Good afternoon. • Could I ask?
• Excuse me, I didn’t quite catch your name. • Where was
it?
• Have a good time. • I’m calling to find
out ….
• Thanks for your …. • Do you realize that ….
• It is a big surprise. • Actually ….
• I congratulate you on ….. • And?
• Well, let me see ….
82
• First/then/after that/at
the end
The expressions used to say believe or not believe are:
Asking if you believe it or not: Responding to believe it
or not:
• Do you believe it? • No, I don’t believe it.
• Wouldn’t you believe it? • Are you serious?
• Can you imagine that? • Are you joking?
• You don’t believe it, do you? • Are you kidding?
• Don’t you think it’s odd that ….? • You must be
joking/kidding!
• Oh. No! That’s not true!
• You don’t say!
• Seeing is believing.
TRY THIS • Complete the following conversation with
expressions of believing.
1. Tony : Hey, guys. Let me tell you something.
We’re playing a part in a serial TV film soon.
Tray : _____________________________________.
Tony : No, read …. this letter. It is from our
headmaster.
The TV crew is coming to our school next week.
This class has been chosen for the shooting.
Tray : _____________________________________.
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2. Poppy : You know what? Linkin Park is coming to our school
next week.
Susan : _____________________________________.
Poppy : Look at this headline. “Linkin Park is touring in
the Tarakan”.
Susan : _____________________________________.
Answer Key!
Accept any possible answer
1. Tray: Are you joking?
Tray: No, I don’t believe it.
2. Susan: Are you serious?
Susan: Oh, I don’t believe it
Expressing being surprisedTelling surprising news: Responding to believe or not
• Guess what! • Oh, no that’s true.
• Surprise! • You don’t say.
• I’ve got news, for you. • Really? That sounds
interesting.
• Do you know what? • Really? It’s surprising that ….
• You won’t believe it! • Seeing is believing.
• Good heavens.
• My goodness!
• This is really a surprise!
84
ACTIVE READING • Read the news below. Find some surprising
news and write it in the table.
Twenty-one killed in road accidentSAUDI ARABIA: Twenty-one people were killed when two
vehicles collided on a highway near the Red Sea port
city of Jeddah, a newspaper reported on Saturday.
Al-Riyadh newspaper said the accident occurred
on Friday when a vehicle carrying 14 Yemenis and two
Saudis tried to avoid a police checkpoint by going
around it, and rammed into an incoming car carrying
five passengers from Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Sudan.
Around 4,000 people die each year in road
accidents in Saudi Arabia mainly due to recklessness. –
ReutersThe Jakarta Post, August 6, 2006.
Surprising news1. 21 killed in a road accident234
85
5
Answer Key!
1. Two vehicles collide on a high way near the Red Sea port
of Jeddah.
2. Accident happened when a vehicle carrying 14 Yemenis and
two Saudis tried to avoid a police check point by going
around
3. Around 4,000 people die each year in road accidents in
Saudi Arabia.
4. The accidents happen due to recklessness.
ENJOY THIS • Fill in the blank spaces with suitable words
provided in the box.
1. A favorable and an unfavorable comment on a current
event which is made by an editor is called an
________________.
2. A _______________ is a story about people in general
which is not important but interesting to read.
3. A story which comes from a writer’s imagination is
called _______________.
4. A _______________ is the title of a report, usually
printed in large letters.
86
5. A picture, imitation of a person stressing certain
features to cause amusement is called a _______________.
6. A _______________ is a judgment on literary, arts,
music, movie, etc.
7. An _______________ is a publication of a certain product
which is advertised in a newspaper.
8. A writing that is based on facts is called a
______________.
Critism caricature
editorial report
Fiction advertisement
human interest headline
Answer Key!1. editorial
2. human interest
3. fiction
4. headline
5. caricature
6. criticism
7. advertisement
8. report
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Teks tulis monolog/esei sederhana berbentuk news item
ACTIVE READING • Read the following news. Then, answer the
questions.
Earthquake Jolts Japan Capital
TOKYO (Reuters) – A slight earthquake jolted the Japanese capital
last night but authorities said there were no immediate reports
of casualties or damage.
A spokesman for the Japan meteorological agency said, “
An earth tremor was registered in Tokyo but there are no reports
of casualties or damage.
The earth tremor struck shortly after midnight Tokyo
time- just after midnight Tokyo time.
Residents of central Tokyo said the tremor was the
strongest for several months in the capital.
(taken from : Bangkok Post, 2004)
Find out:1. What is the headline of the news?
2. What is the topic of the news?
3. What happened? Where? When?
4. Were there any victims and damage?
5. Who said that there was an earth tremor?
6. What did the Tokyo residents say?
7. Did you find anything that made you surprised?
Answer Key!1. Earthquake Jolts Japan Capital
2. Earthquake in Japan
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3. A slight earthquake jolted the Japanese capital last
night but authorities said there were no immediate
reports casualties or damage.
4. No
5. A spokesman for the Japan meteorological agency.
6. Residents of central Tokyo said the tremor was the
strongest in several months in the capital.
7. Yes
To change active sentences into passive sentences we follow
this pattern:
Active sentences: Passive sentences:
Subject + Verb + Object Subject + to be + Past
Participle
See the changes in this table:
Tense Active PassiveSimple Present He writes a letter. A letter is
written.Simple Past He wrote a letter. A letter was
written.Present Perfect He has written a
letter.
A letter has been
written.Past Perfect He had written a
letter.
A letter had been
written.Present Future He will write a A letter will be
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letter. written.
TRY THIS • Change the words in the brackets into the correct
forms of passive.
1. The wings of many buildings surrounded the large yard in
the palace. Their wall _________ (make) of bricks, and
their roofs __________ (hold) up by columns.
2. The local residents said that the temple __________
(destroy) by a big earthquake.
3. This is only part of the history of Borobudur temple
which __________ (know) at present.
4. The sea now ____________ (call) the Banda Sea.
5. The civil servants ___________ (order) by the governor to
work five days a week.
Answer Key!
1. was made, were held
2. was destroyed
3. is known
4. is called
5. are ordered
Adverbs of manner in Passive
TRY THIS • Change the active sentences into the passive
sentences. Use the adverbs of manner after ‘to be’ (was, were,
is, are). See the examples.
90
e.g.: • The men were badly injured during the blast.
• The house were completely demolished by the workers.
• The bungalow is beautifully furnished.
1. A terrible tornado damaged the village severely.
2. The historians observed the statue carefully.
3. The tsunami completely swept away the whole town.
4. Itang Yunaz will design her wedding gown beautifully.
5. The husband abused his wife brutally.
Answer Key!
1. The village was severely damaged by a terrible tornado
2. The statue was carefully observed by the historians.
3. The whole town was completely swept away the whole town.
4. Her wedding gown will be beautifully designed by Itang
Yunaz
5. His was brutally abused by the husband.
Punctuation
TRY THIS • Place comma where they’re needed. See the examples.
e.g.: • Since Jack wrecked his car, he has had no way to get
work.
• Mohammad is going to go back to his country after he
finishes this semester.
1. Even though he desperately wanted to the little boy
didn’t take the chocolate.
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2. While Sara was getting ready for bed she heard someone
fire a gun.
3. Because Budi is only seven years old he cannot vote yet.
4. Unless the company sells more cars next year it is going
to go broke.
5. Although he had good grades and several recommendations
Ben did not get accepted by the university.
Answer Key!
1. Even though he desperately wanted to, the little boy
didn’t take the chocolate.
2. While Sara was getting ready for bed, she heard someone
fire a gun.
3. Because Budi is only seven years old, he cannot vote yet
4. Unless the company sells more cars next year, it is
going to go broke.
5. Although he had good grades and several recommendations,
Ben did not get accepted by the university.
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