Masjid Muttaqin ASGMNT

8/7/2019 Masjid Muttaqin ASGMNT

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UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK

Faculty of Engineering

ASSIGNMENT 1

NAME MATRIC NO.CHRISTINA UMPI 10031681

BELLGALMANO LOW 10031647AZAHAR BUJANG 10031636

ALIFIA HAMZAH JOHARI 10031713MD SYUKRI IMRAN 10031686

COURSE TITLE : THERMAL COMFORT AND IAQ

COURSE CODE : KNS 6523

LECTURER : DR SITI HALIPAH IBRAHIM

DATE : 14 JANUARY 2011


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INTRODUCTION

A thermal comfort study was conducted on Masjid Al Muttaqin Kota Samarahan

following request by administrator of the mosque to study its indoor environmental

quality. Main concern which has been pointed out was the excessive indoor heat gain

probably due to the mosque distinctive roof design and material. The roof is made of

PTFE coated glass fabric. (Refer appendix for material data sheet) The mosque

construction was completed on 2000 and officially opened to public on 24 th Aug 2001.

The mosque can accommodates up to 2500 peoples at a time.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the hot environment of the mosque which is to

be expressed in Corrected Effective Temperature Index. Measuring equipment such as

the globe thermometer, sling thermometer, anemometer as well as the CET Nomogram

shall be used for this purpose. The internal surface temperature of the mosque with

emphasis on the roof membrane structure shall be measured with thermal imager (Flir

ThermaCAM P65). This is to determine how much heat gain is associated with the roof

as well as the confining walls and floor.

The result of the study shall be used to suggest an approariate solution to the

indoor heat problem. Engineering control to overcome the problem will integrate

appropriate design and retrofit solution in order to achieve acceptable thermal comfort

condition for Masjid Al Muttaqin.


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WORKPLAN

No ACTIVITIES WK1 WK2 WK3 WK4 WK5 WK6 WK7 W1 Site briefing 2 Gather equipment and other preparation 3 Visitation and data collection 4 Analysis of data and presentation of initial findings 5 Prepare progress report 1 6 Further visits and data collection 7 Propose design and retrofits with material and cost estimate 8 Prepare progress report 2 9 Simulation with E plus on proposed design and impact on IAQ

10 Finalize design proposal with material list and cost estimate 11 Submission of final IAQ report and retrofit suggestion


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METHODOLOGY

List of equipment used

1. Sling ThermometerTo measure Dry Bulb and Wet BulbTemperature as well as RelativeHumidity

2. AnemometerTo measure air movement

3. Thermal Imager (Flir ThermaCAMP65)To measure surface IR temperature

4. Globe thermometerTo measure mean radianttemperature (MRT)


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Su

Mo Me

Z1Z2Z3Z4

Mo

vey loca

sque kiblat

sure for D

Outdoor (f Outdoor (f Indoor (PrIndoor (Pr

sque kiblat

ions (lay

orientation

,WB, RH,

acing sun sacing sun riaying hallyer hall fo

orientation

ut not t

292 Degre

air move

t)se)or male)

r female)

292 Degre

6

scale)

from Nort

ent and M

from Nort

h Clockwi

RT

h Clockwi

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e


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Measure for surface temperature (brick wall/ glazing /membrane roof/floor)

W1= Wall surface 1W2= Wall surface 2W3= Wall surface 3W4= Wall surface 4

R1= Roof surface 1R2= Roof surface 2R3= Roof surface 3R4= Roof surface 4R5= Roof surface 5

F1= Floor surface at Z3F2=Floor surface at Z4


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PRELIMINARY FINDINGS (Initial visit)

Thermal Comfort Assessment for Tropics (Naturally Ventilated)

PMV/PPD equation

PMV based on Fangers equationstandard 55 92 were found to bof thermal comfort for the area(Wong,2002)

Humpreys & Nicol equation

27.7 Tc = 0.534To + 12.9 where Tc is comfort temperature and To is mean outdoor temperature To=27.8C ASHRAE Std 55, Comfort Standard (ACS),

26.4Tcomf = 0.31Ta+ 17.8 Ta=27.8C Webb, 1949 (activity level and clothing value excluded)

28.86(ideal air velocity is 0.2 m/s with the relative humidity of 70% ) Mallick 1996

24C to (under stillair condition and with the movement of air at 0.3 m/s as well as adaptive bahaviour)

Wong and Khoo, 2003 28.8

Shafizal Maarof 2009 < 30RH 70% (Refer appendix for field PMV result conducted by Shafizal

on two mosque in Putrajaya)


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Surface Temperature for membrane roof and glazing

Remark:W1,W2,W3&W4 temp represents glazing surface temperature

24

29

34

39

44

49

54

59

64

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1

6 : 1 4

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1

6 : 4 3

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1

7 : 1 2

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1

7 : 4 0

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1

8 : 0 9

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1

8 : 3 8

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1

9 : 0 7

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1

9 : 3 6

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1

1 0 : 0

4

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1

1 0 : 3

3

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1

1 1 : 0

2

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1

1 1 : 3

1

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1

1 2 : 0

0

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1

1 2 : 2

8

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1

1 2 : 5

7

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1

1 3 : 2

6

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1

1 3 : 5

5

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1

1 4 : 2

4

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1

1 4 : 5

2

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1

1 5 : 2

1

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1

1 5 : 5

0

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1

1 6 : 1

9

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1

1 6 : 4

8

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1

1 7 : 1

6


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Measured indoor temperature and RH

Discussion

1. Commonly used indicator of thermal comfort is air temperature, radiant

temperature, air velocity, humidity as well as personal factor like clothinginsulation and metabolic rate. However for this study, the thermal environmentwill be expressed in Corrected Effective Temperature which considers the globetemperature, wet bulb temperature and air velocity.

2. From the initial survey, it is found that the roof membrane temperature can reachup to 60 C at midday. During midday prayer time about 12.50pm, the roof temperature exceeds 45 C. The roof membrane is the only element separating theindoor and outdoor environment. It is found that the roof membrane has a high Uvalue which is 5.6 W/m 2K. However the solar reflectance of the roof material is71%. The emissivity of roof material is yet to be determined. High surface

temperature suggests high radiant heat emitted from the roof to indoor.

3. The room temperature from midday to 4pm exceeds 32 C . The recommendedthermal comfort zone for naturally ventilated building should not exceed 30 C .Refer preceding page on Thermal Comfort Assessment for Tropics (Naturally Ventilated)

22

32

42

52

62

72

82

92102

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 6 : 1

4

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 6 : 4

3

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 7 : 1

2

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 7 : 4

0

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 8 : 0

9

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 8 : 3

8

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 9 : 0

7

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 9 : 3

6

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 1 0

: 0 4

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 1 0

: 3 3

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 1 1

: 0 2

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 1 1

: 3 1

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 1 2

: 0 0

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 1 2

: 2 8

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 1 2

: 5 7

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 1 3

: 2 6

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 1 3

: 5 5

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 1 4

: 2 4

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 1 4

: 5 2

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 1 5

: 2 1

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 1 5

: 5 0

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 1 6

: 1 9

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 1 6

: 4 8

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 1 7

: 1 6

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 1 7

: 4 5

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 1 8

: 1 4

6 / 1 / 2 0 1 1 1 8

: 4 3

DBT C

Zone RH 1


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4. The relative humidity exceeds 75% during midday and 85% after 4pm. Nosignificant air movement in the mosque was detected up to 7pm which suggestpoor ventilation even though the lower part of the mosque wall was built withlouver. High humidity compounded with low air movement in the mosquecontributes to unfavorable indoor thermal environment.

5. The glazing introduced was more than 60% of total area of wall. The thermalproperties of glazing as well as solid wall are yet to be determined. High glazingcoverage suggests increased heat gain of building.

6. Possible mechanical ventilation built into roof beam structure but yet to beverified.

7. Bird intrusion into building which explain bird netting around the upper part of wall and nesting around the dome structure.

8. Roof thermal transmittance value is 134 W/m 2 which is not recommended for thismosque should the building is air conditioned .

9. Translucency of roof is 12.5% which provide diffused day lighting for building.This feature not really needed for the mosque since building wall is glazed morethan 60% and very low occupancy during daytime. Overall the building isunderutilized. This also increases the heat gain into building.

Restrictions

1. Raining season in this month January 2011 with many days raining. Impossibleto gather thermal data until weather is hot. Data collection put on hold until hotweather return.

2. Anemometer not functioning. To be returned to technician for repair.


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SUMMARY

1. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hot environment of Al Muttaqin mosquewhich is to be expressed in Corrected Effective Temperature Index.

2. Roof membrane temperature can reach up to 60 C at midday. During middayprayer time about 12.50pm, the roof temperature exceeds 45 C. The roof membrane has a high U value which is 5.6 W/m 2K. Solar reflectance of the roof material is 71%.

3. The room temperature from midday to 4pm exceeds 32 C .

4. The relative humidity exceeds 75% during midday and 85% after 4pm. Nosignificant air movement in the mosque was detected up to 7pm which suggestpoor ventilation.

5. The glazing introduced was more than 60% of total area of wall.

6. Bird intrusion into building which explain bird netting around the upper part of wall and nesting around the dome structure.

7. Roof thermal transmittance value is 134 W/m 2 which is not recommended for thismosque should the building is air conditioned .

8. Translucency of roof is 12.5% which provide diffused day lighting for building.This feature not really needed for the mosque since building wall is glazed morethan 60% and very low occupancy during daytime.

Future Activities

1. Further survey on Mean Radiant Temperature, air movement, DBT,WBT,RH and

surface temperature during hot weather (time window period to cover zohor, asar,magrib and ishak prayer time)

2. Acquire architectural drawing from client and building material thermal properties

3. Acquire mechanical drawing for any built in mechanical ventilation.

4. Create base model using Energy Plus to simulate existing thermal environment


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APPENDIX

PHOTOS

1. Front view of Masjid Al Muttaqin Kota Samarahan

2. View of front entrance


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3. Inside view of mosque with bottom of dome visible

4. View of prayer hall facing the kiblat.


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CHARTS

Pschrometric Chart


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CET Nomogram


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(Shafizal MAAROF, Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 2009 Conference Paper)



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Masjid Muttaqin ASGMNT

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