Major Endocrine Glands I. Hypothalamus II. Pituitary gland III. Thyroid gland IV. Parathyroid glands V. Pancreas VI. Adrenal glands VII. Gonads VIII. Pineal gland
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- Major Endocrine Glands I. Hypothalamus II. Pituitary gland III. Thyroid gland IV. Parathyroid glands V. Pancreas VI. Adrenal glands VII. Gonads VIII. Pineal gland
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- II. Pituitary Gland = The Master Gland Stimulates all other endocrine glands Two parts: posterior and anterior Posterior Pituitary: 1. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) promotes retention of water by kidneys 2. Oxytocin (OT) responsible for contractions during labor and milk ejection
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- Anterior Pituitary Gland 1. Growth hormone (GH) promotes growth 2. Prolactin (PRL) stimulates milk production 3. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates secretion of estrogen, development of follicle cells in ovaries, sperm maturation 4. Luteinizing hormone (LH) promotes ovulation, secretion of estrogen, progesterone and testosterone 5. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) triggers secretion of thyroid hormones 6. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates production of glucocorticoids
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- Chapter 18 The Endocrine System Cont..
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- Major Endocrine Glands I. Hypothalamus II. Pituitary gland III. Thyroid gland IV. Parathyroid glands V. Pancreas VI. Adrenal glands VII. Gonads VIII. Pineal gland
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- V. The Pancreas Secretes hormones insulin and glucagon
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- The Pancreas Cont. 1.Insulin - blood glucose levels by enhancement of glucose utilization 2.Glucagon - blood glucose level by stimulating glycogen and fat breakdown, and glucose production at the liver
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- Diabetes Mellitus Consistent increased blood glucose levels Type I - Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus rapid onset of symptoms prior to age 15 lack of insulin activity patients need daily, frequent dosages of insulin Type II - Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus usually in overweight individuals some insulin is produced management by diet, exercise and antihyperglycemic drugs
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- VI. Adrenal Glands Adrenal glands (2) sit on top of kidneys Produce mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and epinephrine/norepi- nephrine
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- Adrenal Glands Cont. 1.Mineralocorticoids - absorption of sodium and water; blood V and blood p 2.Glucocorticoids - blood glucose level (insulin antagonist); anti-inflammatory effect 3.Epinephrine/norepinephrine - stimulated by the Sympathetic Division of the ANS; muscular strength in skeletal and cardiac muscles; breakdown of glucose, fats, and glycogen
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- VII. Gonads Testes - produce testosterone Testosterone - promotes production of sperm, determines male secondary sexual characteristics, maintains glands of the male reproductive system, and stimulates growth
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- Ovaries produce estrogen, progesterone, and relaxin 1.Estrogen responsible for maturation of eggs, growth of uterine lining, and development of female secondary sexual characteristics 2.Progesterone - prepares uterus for the arrival of embryo and enlarges mammary glands 3.Relaxin - produced during pregnancy to loosen pubic symphysis, expand uterus, and stimulates mammary gland development
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- VIII. Pineal Gland Produces melatonin Melatonin - involved in maintenance of wake and sleep cycles, effective antioxidant
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