Endocrine glands Exocrine glands Hormones Excretion •Discuss today’s objectives •Introduce the endocrine system (page 359-362 in your book) •Model adrenal glands, gonads, thyroid,

Bell Work 5-10 min

Use your textbook (pg. 359) to define these words. Make sure to use definitions you will understand when studying them for the test.

Endocrine glands

Exocrine glands

Hormones

Excretion

Health ScienceENDOCRINE SYSTEM- DAY 1

Agenda

• Discuss today’s objectives

• Introduce the endocrine system (page 359-362 in your book)

• Model adrenal glands, gonads, thyroid, parathyroid, and pineal glands.

• Check understanding of adrenal glands, gonads, thyroid, parathyroid, and pineal glands.

• Independent Practice: Student jigsaw with pancreas, thymus, pituitary gland, and hypothalamus.

• Review standards and objectives.

• Closure

Standards/ I can statements 2 min.

• 8. I can outline basic concepts of normal structure and function of all body systems, and explain how homeostasis is maintained.

• TSW be able to identify the body structures of the endocrine system.

• TSW will be able to explain the function of each structure of the endocrine system.

Endocrine System (Make a T Graph ) 5 min.

Adrenal Gland 5 min.

The average human body houses two adrenal glands.

One is located on top of each kidney.

The adrenal gland has two layers:

Cortex – outside

Medulla – inside

Structure

Adrenal Gland

Function

The adrenal cortex produces corticoids which aides the body in coping with stress or infection.

The adrenal medulla produces adrenalin which prepares the body for flight or fight.

Why is it important to know

that the adrenal gland has

two layers?

White board Questions-SHOW ME!

• What anatomy does the adrenal gland rest on?

• (Now DRAW the adrenal gland in your notes, distinguishing its TWO layers).

Gonads- Male

Function

Sex glands- Testes (male)

Produces testosterone which develops and maintains male reproductive organs.

9

Structure

Scrotum

Gonads- Female

Function

Sex glands: Ovaries (female)

The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone.

These hormones help develop and maintain the female reproductive system.

4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system 11

White board Questions

• Compare the function of estrogen and progesterone.

• Which part of the male anatomy produces testosterone?

Thyroid Gland

Structure

Butterfly shaped

Located in the anterior neck on either side of the larynx, over the trachea

Function

Controls rate of metabolism

Thyroxin

Parathyroid Glands

Structure

Four glands

Size of a grain of rice

Attached to the posterior thyroid

Function

Regulates calcium and phosphorus

metabolism

Parathyroid hormone

Check for Understanding- White board question

• What is the main function of the thyroid?

A. Helps the body cope with stress

B. Controls rate of metabolism

C. Prepares the body for flight or fight

D. Helps regulate sleep patterns

Pineal GlandSTRUCTURE

STRUCTURE

About the size of a pea

FUNCTION

Produces Melatonin

Considered to help modulate

waking/sleeping patterns

“I DIDN’T KNOW THAT?!!?”

Take a few minutes to look up and write down the following term:

circadian rhythm

What is it?

How does it relate to the pineal gland?

4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system 17

Independent/ Group Practice- Jigsaw Activity

• Within your group of four, you will each be assigned a structure of the endocrine system to be an expert on.

1) Hypothalamus

2) Pituitary gland

3) Thymus

4) Pancreas

• After some independent think time, experts will meet with the other experts to develop a poster about your structure.

• Your poster should identify the structure, the hormone it produces, and its function in the endocrine system.

• Once the poster is complete, you will return to your home groups. You will complete a gallery walk of the posters and each expert will explain the posters to his/her group. Group members will take notes on their “t” charts.

Hypothalamus Structure

• Almond-size

• The hypothalamus links the nervous and endocrine systems by way of the pituitary gland. Its function is to secrete releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones that stimulate or inhibit (like their names imply) production of hormones in the anterior pituitary.

• These hormones regulate body temperature, appetite and weight, mood, sex drive, sleep, and thirst.

The Pituitary Gland Structure

The Master Gland

Size of a grape

Located at the base of the brain

The pituitary gland has two lobes that produce hormones Structure

Controls other glands and multiple hormones; stimulates growth

Anterior lobe

Posterior lobe

Thymus Gland Structure

•Serves both the endocrine system and the lymphatic system

•Located under the sternum

•Large during childhood but atrophy with age.

• Define atrophy?

The thymus gland, despite containing glandular tissue and producing several hormones, is much more closely associated with the immune system than with the endocrine system. The thymus serves a vital role in the training and development of T-lymphocytes or T cells, an extremely important type of white blood cell. T cells defend the body from potentially deadly pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

Pancreas Structure

• Located partly behind the stomach and under the liver

• Both an endocrine and exocrine gland

A healthy pancreas produces the correct chemicals in the proper quantities, at the right times, to digest the foods we eat.

• Endocrine Function

• The endocrine component of the pancreas consists of islet cells (islets of Langerhans) that create and release important hormones directly into the bloodstream. Two of the main pancreatic hormones are insulin, which acts to lower blood sugar, and glucagon, which acts to raise blood sugar. Maintaining proper blood sugar levels is crucial to the functioning of key organs including the brain, liver, and kidneys.

• Exocrine Function-

• The pancreas contains exocrine glands that produce enzymesimportant to digestion.

Enrichment Slide- Extend your learning!

Choose one of each category:

Medical Terminology Diseases Professions

Goiter Diabetes Endocrinologist

Dwarfism Hyperthyroidism/ Hypothyroidism Oncologist

Adenoidectomy Addison’s Disease

Define and explain the relationship of this term to the endocrine system.

Describe disease and possible preventative measures or treatments. Be sure to explain how the endocrine system is affected.

Research these careers. Find out how long you have to go to school, where they offer this degree, and where these jobs are in high demand.

When you are finished with your independent practice, choose one or more of these activities to complete. You may have to do some research on these topics. Think beyond the textbook for your answers!

Review standards/ I can statements

• 8. I can outline basic concepts of normal structure and function of all body systems, and explain how homeostasis is maintained.

• TSW be able to identify the body structures of the endocrine system.

• TSW will be able to explain the function of each structure of the endocrine system.

YOUR CHOICE:

•Which part of the endocrine system is the most important and why? Explain in at least two complete sentences.

Health ScienceENDOCRINE SYSTEM- DAY 2

Bell Work 5-10 min

Using your notes from yesterday, decide which endocrine system gland you could live without and why?

Agenda

• Watch a brief video to review each organ of the endocrine system

• Discuss how the body’s homeostasis is established in the endocrine system

• Establish how the endocrine system relates to the reproductive system

• Watch crash course video on the placenta and its hormones

• Identify the placenta and describe it’s function within the two systems

• Research countries or cultures and their beliefs/practices pertinent to the placenta

Standards/ I can statements

• 8. I can outline basic concepts of normal structure and function of all body systems, and explain how homeostasis is maintained.

• SWBAT be able to identify the body structures of the endocrine system.

• TSW be able to explain the function of each structure of the endocrine system.

• TSW be able to relate the reproductive system to the endocrine system.

• TSW explain how homeostasis is maintained in the endocrine system.

How does the endocrine system relate to the reproductive system?

The Placenta

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtsSbZ85yiQ&t=68s

The function of the placenta-Hormones produced by the during a normal pregnancy

• Besides providing a connection between mother and fetus, the placenta is a special endocrine organ. It produces hormones that are similar to those produced elsewhere in the body. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), estrogens, and progesterone are among the most important of these because they help maintain a normal pregnancy and prepare a woman's breasts for milkproduction and breastfeeding.

• In a normal pregnancy, hCG stimulates the ovary to produce estrogens and progestins and helps stimulate normal development of the fetal genitals. The estrogens in the placenta stimulate breast development, promote normal labor, and help produce a steady rise in prolactin. The progestinsstimulate breast development and help reduce uterine muscle contractions until the baby has fully developed. Human placental lactogen increases the amount of blood glucose and lipids (fatty substances) circulating in the mother's blood to ensure there is a food source for the developing baby.

http://www.hormone.org/hormones-and-health/the-endocrine-system/endocrine-related-organs

I didn’t know that?!?! Research!!

• How much does the placenta weigh?

In what cultures do some women actually EAT their placenta post-childbirth?

Why do they do this?

The Endocrine System and Homeostasis

• The endocrine system plays an important role in homeostasis because hormones regulate the activity of body cells. The release of hormones into the blood is controlled by a stimulus. For example, the stimulus either causes an increase or a decrease in the amount of hormone secreted. Then, the response to a stimulus changes the internal conditions and may itself become a new stimulus. This self-adjusting mechanism is called feedback regulation.

• The endocrine system, includes glands which secrete hormones into the bloodstream. Hormones are chemical messenger molecules that are made by cells in one part of the body and cause changes in cells in another part of the body. The endocrine system regulates the metabolism and development of most body cells and body systems through feedback mechanisms. For example, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) are controlled by a number of negative feedback mechanisms. The endocrine glands also release hormones that affect skin and hair color, appetite, and secondary sex characteristics of males and females.

• https://opencurriculum.org/5385/homeostasis-and-regulation-in-the-human-body/

Summarize!!

• Define Homeostasis.

• https://opencurriculum.org/5385/homeostasis-and-regulation-in-the-human-body/

• In your own words explain how the endocrine system provides homeostasis to the body.

• Which hormone is the most important or necessary in your opinion??

Enrichment Slide- Extend your learning!

Choose one of each category:

Medical Terminology Diseases Professions

Goiter Diabetes Endocrinologist

Dwarfism Hyperthyroidism/ Hypothyroidism Oncologist

Adenoidectomy Addison’s Disease

Define and explain the relationship of this term to the endocrine system.

Describe disease and possible preventative measures or treatments. Be sure to explain how the endocrine system is affected.

Research these careers. Find out how long you have to go to school, where they offer this degree, and where these jobs are in high demand.

When you are finished with your independent practice, choose one or more of these activities to complete. You may have to do some research on these topics. Think beyond the textbook for your answers!