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because good research needs good data
Lost in TranslationTechnological Views on Preserving CAD
Alex Ball
DCC/UKOLN, University of Bath
15 August 2014
Except where otherwise stated, this work is licensed underthe
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
licence:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Supported by
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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Outline
Introduction
3D geometric representations
Advanced modelling techniques
Use cases
Possible solutions
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Introduction
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Key message
The main technological barrier to preserving CAD isvarietyÉ of
3D geometric representationsÉ of advanced modelling techniquesÉ of
use cases
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3D geometric representations
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Wire-frame modelling
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Wire-frame modelling
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Surface modelling
Extruding Sweeping Lofting
Revolving Triangular mesh NURBS
cba
Gre
gA
L
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NURBS_3-D_surface.gif
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Constructive Solid Geometry
+ =
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Boundary representation
=
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Mistranslation and misinterpretation
c© Jianchang Qi, Vadim Shapiro
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2218367
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Modelling techniques: summary
É There are many incompatible ways of modelling3D geometry.
É There are many incompatible ways ofinterpreting 3D models.
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Advanced modelling techniques
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Construction history modelling
1. Insert cylinder l = 20 r = 1.0
Change cylinder l = 40 r = 0.5
2. Insert sprocket r = 3.0
3. Fit sprocket to cylinder
4. Group cylinder and sprocket
5. Scale group by 1.75×. . .
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Procedural modelling
c© Yoav I. H. Parish & Pascal Müller
c© Barbara M. Cutler
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/218380.218405http://people.csail.mit.edu/bmcutler/PROJECTS/PHD/
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Parametric modelling
8 cm
28 cm
8 cm
18 cm
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Feature-based modelling
RibsCavities
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Advanced modelling techniques
É CAD models contain much more than justgeometry.
É The geometry might be useless without theextra
information.
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Use cases
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Reusing standard parts
c© Koray Pekericli
top-level assembly
part f
subassembly a
part a part b part c
subassembly b
part d part e part f
part j
subassembly c
part d part e part g
subassembly d
part a part h part i
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Relationship with other documents
CADModel
ArchaeologyDatabase
Bill ofMaterials
ProcessModel
RationaleModel
SystemsModels
. . .
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Integration with other systems
CADSystem
CAMSystem
FiniteElementAnalysisSystem
GeographicInformation
System
AnimationSystem
HighQuality
Renderer
. . .
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Use cases
É You might need to coordinate CAD models withmany other types
of information.
É You might need to mimic whole systems.
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Possible solutions
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Standards: IGES
2D drawing
Wire-frames
Surface modelling
Constructivesolid geometry
Boundaryrepresentation
IGES(ANSI Y14.26M-1981, . . .
ANS US/PRO/IPO-100-1996)
WunderCAD CAD-
ulous
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Standards: IGES
2D drawing
Wire-frames
Surface modelling
Constructivesolid geometry
Boundaryrepresentation
IGES(ANSI Y14.26M-1981, . . .
ANS US/PRO/IPO-100-1996)
WunderCAD CAD-
ulous
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Standards: STEP
STEPISO 10303?
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Standards: STEP
STEPISO 10303!
LOTAR(NAS 9300/EN 9300)
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Standards for BIM, CAD style conventions
BIMÉ ISO 16739:2013 Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) for
data
sharing in the construction and facility management industriesÉ
National BIM Standard – United States (NBIMS-US)É AEC (UK) BIM
ProtocolÉ (BSI) PAS 1192-2 Information management for the
capital/delivery phase of construction projects
CAD styleÉ United States National CAD StandardÉ AEC (UK) CAD
Standards For Layer Naming
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Recommendations
É Establish why a CAD model will be kept, then target
therequired properties for preservation.
É Create tests that can prove whether these properties
havesurvived.
É Keep native CAD models for as long as they can be read.É
Normalise to STEP/IFC and a geometry-only standard (or two).É Don’t
forget supporting documentation, especially local
conventions and ‘house style’.É Campaign for better support for
standard formats in CAD
systems!
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DPC Technology Watch Report
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PreservingComputer-AidedDesign (CAD)
DPC Technology Watch Report 13-02 April 2013
Alex Ball
http://dx.doi.org/10.7207/twr13-02
ARCHIVES*RECORDS 2014, Washington, DC 2014-08-15
http://dx.doi.org/10.7207/twr13-02
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because good research needs good data
Thank you for your attention
DCC Website: http://www.dcc.ac.uk/
‘Preserving CAD’ report:http://dx.doi.org/10.7207/twr13-02
ARCHIVES*RECORDS 2014, Washington, DC 2014-08-15
http://www.dcc.ac.uk/http://dx.doi.org/10.7207/twr13-02
Introduction3D geometric representationsAdvanced modelling
techniquesUse casesPossible solutions
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