Motivation Maryam Hassanzadeh 1092300135
Theory X and Theory YHang a few admirals to encourage the others
If a dog complains when you beat, continue until he gets used to it
I shout at my workers – it gets the best out of them. If they don’t like it, they can leave, I can easily replace them
Maslow
n The major thinker –
Abraham Maslowq create a hierarchy of motives q he claimed determined human
behavior
Behaviorist Behaviorism
◦concentrates upon changes in behaviors created by stimuli (learning and doing)
Frederick Herzberg 'The Motivation to Work' (1959),
◦first established theories about motivation in the workplace.
◦show satisfaction and dissatisfaction at work arose from different factors,
◦the factors were not simply opposing reactions to the same factors.
Motivators & HygieneFactors :
◦truly motivate ('motivators'), ◦tended to lead to dissatisfaction ('hygiene factors').
According to Herzberg, Man has two sets of needs ◦as an animal to avoid pain◦as a human being to grow psychologically
“people will strive to achieve hygiene needs because they are unhappy without them” Herzberg's research
Hygiene Needs n policyn relationship with supervisorn work conditionsn salaryn company carn statusn securityn relationship with subordinatesn personal life
“but satisfaction is temporary”
Motivators are:n achievement n recognitionn work itselfn responsibility n advancementn personal growth
It’s not the MoneyPeople commonly argue that money is a
primary motivator◦It's not. ◦Surveys repeatedly show that other factors motivate
more.
Survey by Development Dimensions International in 2004 ◦interviewed 1,000 staff from companies employing
more than 500 workers ◦found many to be bored, lacking commitment and
looking for a new job.
It’s Status and InterestThe main reasons :
lack of stimulus jobs
no opportunity for advancement
Research:◦43% left for better promotion chances,
◦28% for more challenging work;
◦23% for a more exciting place to work; and
◦21% and more varied work.
Dimensions of motivationn Interest
q curiosity n Relevance
q satisfy personal needs or goaln Expectancy
q control of successn Satisfaction
q motivation to rewards
The goal of motivational theoryn Motivation can be defined as intensity at a
task. q The higher the motivation, the more persistent
and intense at a task the worker will perform. q Motivation - what a person will do q Ability - what a person can do. q Motivation directly involves choices
Practical Tips #1Want More Innovation? If you want more innovation from your
people: ◦let them know that their employment is secure, ◦even if their job changes. ◦People worried about losing their jobs tend to
find ways to stretch out the work, not innovative ways to do it better.
Practical Tips #2Don't Demotivate Demeaning team members, to their face
or to others, decrease their motivation. So does dismissing their ideas as "stupid".Stupid ideas are sometimes great ideas
unrecognisedBe sure you aren't defeating your own
efforts by demotivating your team.
Practical Tips #3People – Primary Intellectual CapitalYou can have the best, high tech,
equipment available but, without the people you have no team.
Treat your team with greater care than you do your equipment.
KM is both managing the knowledge worker as well as the knowledge
Practical Tips #4Fan the flame. When people join your organization they
are enthusiastic. The enthusiasm can be dissapearedInstead, do what you can to fan the
flames of their enthusiasm and you will be amazed at their output.
Practical Tips #5Let the team contributeIt doesn't make any sense to spend all
that time and effort to find and hire the best people if you are just going to ignore their input.
KM means knowing where the knowledge is, who knows useful things
Practical Tips #6Don’t Spray the Apes.Review policy to make sure it is relevant.Avoid writing on tablets of stone.Standard Operating Procedures have to be
reviewedKM means both unlearning as well as
learning
Practical Tips #7Avoid Mushroom Management Mushrooms grow very well when kept in
the dark and fed horse manure. Avoid unnecessary confidentiality. Technology means rumours travel at the
speed of lightKM means transparency and the flow of
genuine information
Practical Tips #8Get the team involved. It's a lot easier to get the team to support
a decision if they have the opportunity to participate in the discussion.
If they have had the opportunity to make their point of view known the team is more likely to stand behind the ultimate decision, even if they don't agree with it.
Practical Tips #9Active listening. Listening is the most difficult
communication skill to master.New knowledge depends on socialising
knowledge (SECI)Encouraging people to share knowledge
means encouraging active listening, ‘calibration’ as well as speaking.