Kevin Valentine 1st Period

America In The

BeginningWho were

the first

Americans?

How and

why did they

come here?

30,000 years ago

During a period of

low temperatures

called an ice age

The world was

covered in

______glaciers___

or sheets of ice.

This caused

ocean levels to

___drop_____

and expose

________land __.

In the Bering

straight a

______land

bridge_________

appeared

connecting

__Siberia(asia)___

__________&

_______________

This land bridge

is known as

____Beringia___

___.

Animals like

mammoths

crossed the

bridge or

___migrated____

____ to the

America's.

Hunter's in Asia

who moved from

place to place to

find food or

______nomads____

___ followed the

mammoths and

spread out or

_____migrate_____

_ to the America's

The ice age

ended

_______warming

_____ up glaciers

causing water

levels to

_rise_________

covering up the

__land

bridge_______

________.

Some animals

died off like

_______mamoths

_____.

Living in many

different parts of the

Americas the

Natives needed to

adjust or

_____adapt____ to

every thing in the

new surrounds that

made up each of

their own

____environment___

______

in order to

______survive____.

What

happened

when they

came to

America?

How did they

meet their new

needs?

America In The

Beginning

America In The

Beginning

Living in many different

parts of the Americas

the Natives used the

different natural

___resources________

in their own different

environments for food,

clothing, and shelter.

Different groups in

different

environments

developed their own

beliefs and ways of

life or

_______________.

Groups in the same

environments

adapted similar life

styles, and language

creating _______

_________.

Many Native

American have these

things in common.

1. Nature has a

________.

2. No one can own

__________.

4. Only use what is

__________.

5. __________ was

important to most

societies

How did

Native

Americans

adjust to the

new

environments

?

What did they

have in

common?

8 Cultural

Regions

North West Coast

California

Plateau

Great Basin

South West

Great Plains

Eastern

Woodlands

South East

8 Cultural Regions

North West CoastWeather:

long cold winters

cool summers

heavy rainfall

Natural Resources:

ocean/beaches

thick forests of fir,

spruce, and cedar

rugged mountains

seafood/salmon

deer, moose, bear, elk,

beaver, mountain goats

Culture:

Tools:

Used cedar canoes to hunt

Fenced in salmon laying eggs

used cedar to make rope, mats and

baskets, shell needles

used wedges, sledge hammers,

drills, and knifes to carve wooden masks

Clothing:

Cedar water proof clothing like capes

with decorative shell buttons

Shelter: lived near the coast

cedar Long Houses with cedar bark roofs

CaliforniaWeather:

rainy winters

hot dry summers

Natural Resources:

ocean/coast

foothills

valley's

deserts

mountains

acorns, oak trees

grass, and plants

redwood trees

salmon/seafood/shellfish

deer, rabbits, ducks,

roots berries, pine nuts

Culture:

Tools

Used Bows& arrows,

snares, and nets

used cooking stones

to heat acorn meal

tools from antlers

Clothing: grass/leather aprons and skirts

Shelter: Cone shaped made of redwood

bark, pole, and reeds woven into mats

Great BasinWeather:

little rain

hot during the day

cold at night

Natural Resources:

mostly dessert

low areas surrounded by

mountains at the edges

with valleys that had

seasonal lakes and streams

plants that need little water like

grasses, sagebrush, pinon trees,

at the outer edges pine trees, and willow

small animals rabbits, lizards,

grasshoppers, snakes

sometimes ducks , duck eggs during certain

seasons

seeds,berries pine nuts, roots, cattail

Culture:

Tools: water baskets sealed with tree sap.

Floating duck decoys, nets, sharp sticks, flat

baskets for catching seeds

Clothing: rabbit robes in winter

Shelter: Nomadic temporary cone shelters of

willow, brush and reeds

PlateauWeather:

long cold winters

comfortable summers

Natural Resources:

mountains with

dense forests in areas

flatter in the center with

drier grass lands

rivers

driftwood, mud, dirt,

grass and sage brush

fish, antelope, deer, seeds

onions, carrots, camas roots,

salmon

Culture:

Tools: woven baskets, willow digging sticks,

wooden fishing platforms, nets, and spears

for salmon

Clothing: antelope and deer hides leggings,

dresses and skirts, woven hats, seed and

shell designs

Shelter: near rivers, partly under ground out

of driftwood, mud, sap, and reeds

Great PlainsWeather:

cold winters

hot summers

Natural Resources:

mountains surrounding edges

treeless grasslands in the

center

east more water and softer

soil

west drier dense grass

Buffalo and smaller animals

Tools: bow made of buffalo tendon, arrows,

V shaped stone trap, fire, bone knives,

shields,

Clothing: Buffalo robes and hides

Shelter: Houses called tipis (plains word for

dwelling)

South WestWeather:

high temperatures

little rain

dry/arid

Natural Resources:

mountains, canyons

desserts, flat top mesas

rivers, little water

clay, brightly colored plants, cotton

corn, beans, squash, peppers,

rabbits

Houses: made of bricks of adobe(sun baked

clay). Up to 4 stories and had hundreds of

rooms.

Clothes: made of cotton. Using plants to

dyed the fabric

Tools: Lived in flooded areas. Men dug

irrigation ditches, and dams to hold summer

rain.

Women were grinding corn kernels into

cornmeal. They used clay pots to cook chili

pepper stews

Eastern WoodlandsWeather:

snowy winters , rain

Natural Resources:

rivers, ocean/coast

lots of lakes and streams

Forests, plants,

maple trees, elm,

deer, bears, beavers, birds, fish

corn, sunflowers, tobacco,

vegetables,

nuts, berries

House: Long house sturdy, log-framed houses covered with elm bark, about 20 feet wide

and over 100 feet long. Several related families live in sections of the house.

clothing: Skirts, capes, and moccasins made of deer skins.

tools: Ground corn with wooden sticks , used wooden canoes, speared fish.

For farming land, men burnt small sections of trees and underbrush. Women used hoes for

planting. Made maple syrup and wooden storage canisters.

South EastWeather:

long warm humid summers

mild winters

Natural Resources:

rivers, ocean/coast

Fertile coastal plains

mountains,

swamps

Trees, clay, shells,

corn, beans, squash,

pumpkins,

sunflowers, sweet potatoes

squirrels, rabbits, turkeys,

deer, alligators, turtles,

wild rice, persimmons

Houses: made from strips of young trees woven

into a rectangular frame, then plastered with clay.

These houses had pointed roofs made of leaves.

Towns included many mounds which as burial

sights and used as platforms for temples.

clothing: made of deer skin. Jewelry made of

stones, shells, feathers, pearls, bones, and clay.

Tools: used hoes made of stone, shell or animal

shoulder blades. Hunted using small blow guns,

bows and arrows.