Kelompok 2

THIS PRESENTASION WAS PREPARED BY:FERIAL HAMEDAN (11140950000033)

MUTIA AFIFAH (11140950000029)WULIANI AMALIA (11140950000025)

IMPERATIVE AND INSTRUCTION

A.The Definition

Imperative is verb that used to commands, warning, advice, instruction, and request. The imperative does not have past or future tense, it’s always a present simple. Than, instruction is the kind of imperative.

B. Looking at Languange

1.Use

The imperative is used in a variety of ways. For example, to give:Instructions: Take the fill after a meal.Order that you expect to be obeyed, or request: please don’t go.Warning: don’t touch me!Advice and reminders: don’t be panic.Give direct command: wake up now.Polite request: Would you like to give me some food, please?

2. Forma.The imperative is formed exactly like the infinitive without to. Usually there is no subject: take two cans of beans.b.We form negative imperatives by using don’t + infinite without to: don’t forget your appointment this aftermoon.c.We can add you when describing how to do something in spoken English:Farhan: Tell me how to cook spaghettiLia: Well, you boil some water and then you add your spaghetti with a little olive oild. In these kinds of instructions we often use need (to) and have to: first you need to buy some real Italian oil. Need to and have to cannot be used without you when giving instruction.

C. Imperative related by the verb and the adverb

1. It related by verba. Lingking verbs

Lingking verbs are verbs that connects the subject with an adjective or a noun that describe it. Linking verbs do not show the action. They connect the subject of the verb to more information about the subject. The example of it:

The example in sentence: Look that girl.

Is Has Do Appear Remain

Am Have Does Become Seem

Are Had Did Get  Was/were Be Been Look  

b. Helping verb

Helping verbs are verbs that as their name suggest, help the main verb in a sentence by extending the meaning of the verb. The example of it:

The example in sentence: could you open the door?

Can Could Must Am Has Was Need

Will Would Might Is Have Were Used to

Shall Should May Are Had Ought to dare

3. It related by adverba.Verb: Please walk slowlyFold the dress quicklyCan you answer it completely?b. Adjective:Choose the pious man in physician Buy the pink pen in cooperativeLook the beautiful baby in a red dress

c. Other adverbs:Would you sing the song well in the competitionLet’s go home now Please, work seriously everyday

D. Other SourcesIn the explaination, imperative related to verb as linking verb

and helping verb. Other meaning of linking verb is a verb of incomplete predication, and the meaning of helping verb is a verb that helps to form a sentence of some other verb.

The difference between a request and an instruction is a choice. If a person can choose to do the thing he has been asked to do, then this is a request. If he has no choice, then it is an instruction. This is important to remember, because in English many people give instructions as if they are requests. Also sometimes you will hear requests that sound like instructions.

You see written instructions very often. The example: “ Click here” (on web pages).

You will hear instruction less often. You migkt get at work. The example: “Bring me the Jones report, Bob”.

Very often when people give instruction they say them as requests. The example: "Please would you open your suitcase, Madam."

Requests often sound like instructions. The example: “Come to the party tonight. It will be fun”

The grammar of request and instructions: request and instructions that sound like ins requests and instructions that sound like instructions are easy. They are what grammarians call imperatives. The imperative does not have a past or future tense. It is always a present simple.

If the person being given the imperative needs to be told who he is, the name is said first or last. The example: “Bob, came here” or “Came here, Bob”

Request are more difficult. Generally we use a modal “Can“ or “May”. Thre example: “Can you pass me the salt?“ and “May I have the salt?”

Polite request use a type of English called the subjunctive. We won’t learn the subjunctive noe, all we need to remember for this lesson is that more polite request use modals as if they were past tense. The example: “Can you pass me the salt?“ and “May I have the salt?“

The word “ please ” is often used with request or instruction to make them polite. Please comes at the beginning or end, as with names, but it dose not usually come before the name at the beginning or after the name at the end. The example: “Ferial, please come here“ or “Ferial, come here please“ or “Come here please, Mutia“ or “ Please come here Mutia ”.

E. Instruction in verbal sentences are related by the verbs (linking verb) and refers to the adverb (the verb and other adverbs)

Making Special Omlette

Every child wants to get the special foods from his mother. Now, Wuliani wants to teach us for making special omlette:Firstly, get all the material of cooking omlette, don’t forget you mush choose good material in supermarket, or market.Secondly, crack some eggs carefully into a bowl and whiskThirdly, grate some chesse and add to your egg mixtureFourtly, mix your egg mixture and cook for 3 minutesFiftly, add together thoroughlyAfter that, heat your pan until it’s nice and hotThan, grill for a final 2 minutes until completely cookedFinally, let’s serve and enjoy it now. Your omelette is ready.