JURNAL HORTIKULTURA - Pertanian

Volume 26 No. 2, 2016 ISSN 0853-7097 E-ISSN 2502-5120

654/AU3/P2MI-LIPI/07/2015

BADAN PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN PERTANIANPUSAT PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN HORTIKULTURA

JAKARTA, INDONESIA

JURNALHORTIKULTURA

(JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE)

(Journal of Horticulture)Volume 26 No. 2 ISSN 0853-7097 Tahun 2016

E-ISSN 2502-5120 Terakreditasi Berdasarkan Keputusan Kepala Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

Nomor: 818/E/2015

JURNAL HORTIKULTURA

Penanggung Jawab (Officially Incharge)Kepala Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura(Director of Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development)

Dewan Redaksi (Board of Editors)

Prof. Dr. I Djatnika, M.S., Peneliti Utama

Prof. Dr. Didi Ardi Suriadikarta, M.Sc., Peneliti Utama

Dr. Witono Adiyoga, M.S., Peneliti Utama

Drs. M. Jawal Anwarudin Syah, M.S., Peneliti Utama

Prof. Dr. Ika Mariska, Peneliti Utama

Prof. Dr. Budi Marwoto, M.S., Peneliti Utama

Dr. Ir. Setyadjit, M. App. Sc., Peneliti Utama

Redaksi Pelaksana (Managing Editors)

Drs. Sanuki PratiknoIr. Ofi LuthfiyahAat Indah Widiastuti, S. Kom.Turyono, S.P. Gusrianto, S. Kom. Sartono

Alamat (Address)Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan HortikulturaJln. Tentara Pelajar No. 3C, Kampus Penelitian Pertanian Cimanggu, Bogor 16111, IndonesiaTelp. +62 251-8372096 (Eks. 324) (Hunting System), Fax. +62 251-8387651, 8372096E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]: www.hortikultura.litbang.pertanian.go.id, www.ejurnal.litbang.pertanian.go.id/index.php/jhort

(Fitopatologi/Phytopathology)Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias

(Kesuburan Tanah/Soil Fertility)Balai Penelitian Tanah

(Sosial Ekonomi/Social Economics)Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran

(Agronomi/Agronomy) Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura

(Bioteknologi/Biotechnology)Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian(Pemuliaan/Breeding) Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias

(Teknologi Pascapanen/Postharvest Technology)Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian

Volume 26 No. 2, 2016 ISSN 0853-7097E-ISSN 2502-5120

654/AU3/P2MI-LIPI/07/2015

BADAN PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN PERTANIANPUSAT PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN HORTIKULTURA

JAKARTA, INDONESIA

(JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE)

JURNALHORTIKULTURA

JURNAL HORTIKULTURA (JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE)

Volume 26, No. 2 ISI (CONTENT) Tahun 2016

Lembar Abstrak (Current Content) ..........................................................................................................................

Pemuliaan dan Teknologi Benih (Breeding and Seed Technology)Keragaan Tiga Galur Lanjut Cabai Merah pada Ekosistem Dataran Tinggi Lembang, Jawa Barat

(Performance of Three New Advanced of Hot Pepper Genotypes Grown on High Land Ecosystem of Lembang, West Java) Kusmana, Yenni Kusandriani, Rinda Kirana, dan Liferdi ..........................................................................

Karakter Morfo-Fisiologi Daun Tiga Jenis Plantlet Anggrek pada Tahapan Aklimatisasi (Leaf Morpho-Physiological Characters of Three Orchid Species on an Acclimatization Stage) Arief Priyadi dan Ema Hendriyani .....................

Seleksi dan Adaptasi Tiga Spesies Unggul Jamur Kuping (Auricularia spp.) untuk Dataran Medium (Selection and Adaptation on Three Strain Candidate of Five Superior the Wood Ear Mushroom Strain for Medium Land) Diny Djuariah ............

Karakterisasi dan Evaluasi Markisa Asam Hibrid Hasil Persilangan Markisa Asam Ungu dan Merah (Passiflora sp.) (Characterization and Evaluation of Passion Fruit Acid Hybrid from Purple and Red Passion Fruit Acid Crossing) Agustina Erlinda Marpaung, Karsinah, dan Bina Br Karo ..................................................................................................

Analisis Progeni F1 Hasil Persilangan Intra dan Inter-Spesies Durian (Durio sp.) Menggunakan Marka Mikrosatelit [Analysis of F1 Progenies of Intra and Inter-Species Crossing of Durian (Durio sp.) using Microsatellite Markers] Adi Pancoro, Tri Annisa Septiyani, Ni Luh Putu Indriyani, dan Panca Jarot Santoso .........................................................

Karakter Fotosintesis Genotipe Tomat Senang Naungan pada Intensitas Cahaya Rendah (The Photosynthetic Characters of Loving-Shade Tomato Genotypes at Low Light Intensity) Dwiwanti Sulistyowati, Muhammad Ahmad Chozin, Muhamad Syukur, Maya Melati, dan Dwi Guntoro ........................................................................................................

Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Anatomi Markisa F1 di Kebun Percobaan Berastagi (Morphology and Anatomy Characterization of Passion Fruit in Berastagi Experimental Farm) Rina Christina Hutabarat, Rasiska Tarigan, Susilawaty Barus, dan Fitriana Nasution ...................................................................................................................................................

Fisiologi dan Agronomi (Physiology and Agronomy)Uji Adaptasi Wortel di Tanah Lempung Liat Berpasir Dataran Rendah Palangka Raya (Adaptation Test of Carrot at Sandy Clay

Loam in Low-Land Areas of Palangka Raya) Muhammad Anang Firmansyah, Twenty Liana, dan Wiwik Rahayu .....Pengaruh Penambahan Pupuk Hayati dan PPC Terhadap Keberhasilan Pembuahan Mangga Podang di Luar Musim (Effect of

Biofertilizer and Liquid Fertilizer on Off-Season Podang Mango Fruiting Success) Sri Yuniastuti dan Titiek Purbiati ....

Proteksi (Protection)Isolasi dan Identifikasi Mikoparasit Utama pada Karat Krisan (Isolation and Identification of Major Mycoparasite on

Chrysanthemum Rust) Evi Silvia Yusuf, Wakiah Nuryani, dan Hanudin .....................................................................Identifikasi Gejala dan Kisaran Inang Enam Isolat Begomovirus Cabai di Indonesia (Symptom and Host Range Identification

of Six Chilli Begomovirus Isolate in Indonesia) Redy Gaswanto, Muhamad Syukur, Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat, dan Neni Gunaeni ................................................................................................................................................................

Ketahanan Aksesi Jeruk Seedles Terhadap Tiga Strain Virus Tristeza Jeruk (Resistance Seedles Accession to Three Strain of Citrus Tristeza Virus) Mutia Erti Dwiastuti dan Sri Widyaningsih .............................................................................

Induksi Resistensi Tanaman Krisan Terhadap Puccinia horiana P. Henn. Dengan Menggunakan Ekstrak Tanaman Elisitor (Resistance Induction of Chrysanthemum Plant to Puccinia horiana P. Henn Using Elicitor Plant Extracts) Hanudin, Wakiah Nuryani, dan Budi Marwoto .............................................................................................................................

Sinergisme Jamur Entomopatogen Metarhizium anisopliae Dengan Insektisida Kimia untuk Meningkatkan Mortalitas Ulat Bawang Spodoptera exigua (Synergism Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and Chemical Insecticide to Increase the Mortality of Armyworm Spodoptera exigua) Ahsol Hasyim, Wiwin Setiawati, Abdi Hudayya, dan Luthfy ............................................................................................................................................................................

Indeks Kumulatif (Cumulative Index) Volume 26 No. 1-2 Tahun 2016 ...................................................................................

133-142

163-170

189-196

143-152

153-162

197-206

217-222

i-xii

171-180

181-188

207-216

223-234

235-244

245-256

257-266267-270

i

J. Hort. : Lembar Abstrak

Keragaan Tiga Galur Lanjut Cabai Merah pada Ekosistem Dataran Tinggi Lembang, Jawa Barat (Performance of Three New Advanced of Hot Pepper Genotypes Grown on High Land Ecosystem of Lembang, West Java)

Kusmana, Yenni Kusandriani, Rinda Kirana, dan Liferdi Bala i Pene l i t i an Tanaman Sayu ran , J l n . Ta n g k u b a n P a r a h u N o . 5 1 7 , L e m b a n g , Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 40391 E-mail: [email protected]

J. Hort. Vol. 26, No. 2, Desember 2016, Halaman 133-142

ABSTRAK. Cabai merupakan sayuran penting yang banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat di Indonesia untuk berbagai keperluan termasuk sebagai bumbu masakan. Produksi dan mutu hasil cabai dipengaruhi oleh interaksi antara faktor genetik dan lingkungan. Oleh karena itu dalam perakitan varietas unggul cabai perlu dilakukan pengujian respons genotipe terhadap lingkungan spesifik. Pengujian keragaan dilakukan di bawah kondisi agroekosistem dataran tinggi di Lembang, Kab. Bandung Barat, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan lima ulangan.Tiga galur baru cabai merah, yaitu (1) PP 0537-7558, (2) YK-1, dan (3) YK-2 serta dua vartietas pembanding Perisai dan Tanjung-2 dijadikan sebagai perlakuan. Setiap plot ditanami 30 tanaman. Peubah yang diamati di antaranya tinggi tanaman, vigor tanaman, intensitas kerusakan oleh penyakit antraknose dan virus kuning, hasil panen bobot dan jumlah buah, serta panjang buah yang merupakan karakter kuantitatif. Untuk karakter kualitatif yang diamati adalah karakter yang diperlukan untuk penyusunan karakter morfologi tanaman. Hasil pengujian diketahui bahwa galur YK-2 menampilkan vigor tanaman yang paling bagus yang ditandai dengan keragaan postur tertinggi dan potensi hasil lebih tinggi (22,64 ton/ha dibandingkan kedua varietas pembandingnya, yaitu Perisai (14,96 ton/ha) dan Tanjung-2 (14,62 ton/ha). Di samping itu galur YK-2 memiliki panjang buah yang ideal, yaitu 15,08 cm, lebih panjang dari varietas pembanding Perisai (9,06 cm). Semua galur yang diuji dapat dikarakterisasi secara morfologi sesuai kondisi lingkungan tumbuh di lokasi percobaan.

Kata kunci: Capsicum annuum L.; Galur; Keragaan; Ekosistem; Dataran tinggi

ABSTRACT. Hot pepper is one of important vegetable crops which are consumed by most Indonesian people

for ingredient of daily menu. Production and quality yield are affected by interaction of genotypes and environment. Therefore, in the breeding program of hot pepper adaptation test of the genotypes to the spesific environment is a must. The experiment was conducted at high land ecosystem in Lembang, District Bandung, West Java Province. The experimental used randomized complete block design with five replications. Three genotypes of hot pepper used in this experiment were (1) PP 0537-7558, (2) YK-1, and (3) YK-2 and two varieties Perisai and Tanjung- 2 as control variety. Each plot was planted by 30 plants. Data collected were plant height, plant vigor, intensity plant damage due to antracnose and yellowing virus, fruit weight, fruit size, numbers of fruit, and morphology data. The results of research showed that the most vigorous and the highest plant was obtained from YK-2 genotype. The highest yielding was also obtained from YK-2 genotype (22.64 ton/ha) and significantly different compared to control varieties Tanjung-2 (14.62 ton/ha) and Perisai (14.96 ton/ha). YK-2 genotipe had an ideal of fruit length (15,08 cm) which are longer than that of cv. Perisai (9.06 cm). The genotypes tested was morphologically characterized based on local growth condition.

Keywords: Capsicum annuum L.; Genotypes; Performance; Ecosystem; High land

Karakter Morfo-Fisiologi Daun Tiga Jenis Plantlet Anggrek pada Tahapan Aklimatisasi (Leaf Morpho-Physiological Characters of Three Orchid Species on an Acclimatization Stage)

Arief Priyadi dan Ema Hendriyani

BKT Kebun Raya Eka Karya Bali – LIPI Candikuning, Baturiti, Tabanan, Bali, Indonesia 82191 E-mail: [email protected]


ABSTRAK. Teknik perbanyakan secara in vitro memerlukan kondisi lingkungan yang terkendali untuk mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan plantlet. Namun, saat plantlet dipindahkan pada fase ex vitro dengan kondisi lingkungan tidak terkendali sering terjadi kematian plantlet. Oleh karena itu aklimatisasi merupakan tahap penting pada transplantasi plantlet dari fase in vitro ke fase ex vitro. Selama 10 tahun ini Kebun Raya Eka Karya Bali (KREKB) bersama tiga Kebun Raya Indonesia (KR Bogor, KR Cibodas, dan KR Purwodadi) aktif berperan dalam upaya konservasi anggrek alam secara in vitro. Bulbophyllum echinolabium, Dendrobium

ii

J. Hort. Vol. 26 No. 2, Desember 2016

fimbriatum, dan D. spectabile merupakan jenis anggrek alam yang telah berhasil diperbanyak secara in vitro di KREKB. Walaupun upaya perbanyakan ini telah lama dilakukan, tetapi tahapan aklimatisasi baru dilaksanakan pada tahun 2012. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi tahapan aklimatisasi plantlet dari tiga jenis anggrek alam hasil kultur in vitro di KREKB. Perlakuan pertama tahapan aklimatisasi adalah pemberian sungkup dengan tujuan mengurangi fluktuasi kelembaban udara. Sungkup perlahan-lahan dibuka secara bertahap selama 1 bulan agar plantlet dapat beradaptasi dengan kondisi lingkungan terbuka. Perlakuan kedua adalah penyiraman 2–3 kali/minggu dan pemberian pupuk daun sebanyak 1 kali/minggu. Tahapan ini dilakukan selama 14–16 bulan sejak penanaman. Persentase plantlet yang hidup dihitung secara periodik. Pada akhir tahapan aklimatisasi, dilakukan pengamatan karakter stomata dari ketiga jenis anggrek tersebut meliputi ukuran, densitas, dan pola buka-tutupnya selama 24 jam periode pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 25–45% plantlet dapat bertahan hidup hingga akhir penelitian. Ukuran stomata pada tiap spesies bervariasi, stomata terbesar dimiliki oleh B. echinolabium. Densitas stomata antara daun tua dan muda tidak menunjukkan pola yang sama. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa karakter densitas stomata lebih dipengaruhi oleh spesies spesifik, sedangkan pengamatan terhadap pola buka tutup stomata pada D. fimbriatun dan D. spectabile menunjukkan bahwa kedua jenis anggrek tersebut memiliki tipe fotosintesis CAM, sedangkan pada B. echinolabium merupakan anggrek dengan tipe fotosintesis C3. Informasi ini tidak hanya penting untuk menentukan perlakuan yang tepat selama tahapan aklimatisasi tetapi juga untuk keefektifan aplikasi penyiraman dan pemupukan sehingga mendukung keberhasilan budidaya.

Kata kunci: Aklimatisasi anggrek; Stomata; C3; CAM

ABSTRACT. In vitro plant propagation technique requires strict controls of its environmental conditions in order to optimize growth of plantlets. However, when the plantlets are moved to uncontrolled condition, the plantlets are often collaps. In this regards, acclimatization practices play important roles to provide transitional conditions from fully in vitro fully ex vitro. During the last 10 years, Bali Botanic Garden (BBG) has been actively involved in the in vitro propagation of species orchids, along with three other Botanic Gardens in Indonesia (Bogor, Cibodas, and Purwodadi). Bulbophyllum echinolabium, Dendrobium fimbriatum, and D. spectabile have been among the first succeded in vitro propagated species orchids

by BBG. Despite of long periods of orchid in vitro propagation efforts, acclimatization practices was not started until 2012. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the acclimatization step of in vitro propagated native species orchid in BBG. Plantlets of three species of orchids were planted ex vitro. First of all, plastic sheet cover was applied to minimize air relative humidity fluctuation. After a month, the sheet was gradually opened until the plantlets were able to survive without cover. The second practices were water spraying 2–3 times a week and foliar fertilization each week. These were conducted in a period of 14 – 16 months since the planting date. Percentage of survived plantlets were recorded time after time. By the end of the acclimatization period, a series of stomatal observations were performed to asses its size, density, and opening-closing rhytm in a 24 hours period. The results showed that 25% to 45% of plantlets succeded to survive. Stomatal size varied across species, in which the largest is B. echinolabium’s and stomatal size of D. fimbriatum and D. spectabile were comparable each other. There was no general pattern of stomatal density between mature and young leaves because this trait seemed to be species specific. Diurnal stomatal opening-closing rhytm suggested that D. fimbriatum and D. spectabile are orchids with CAM photosynthetic pathway whereas the pathway of B. echinolabium is C3. Information on these characters was not only important to formulate best practices in acclimatization efforts but also further cultural practices such as watering and foliar fertilizer applications.

Keywords: Acclimatization; Stomata; C3; CAM

Seleksi dan Adaptasi Tiga Spesies Unggul Jamur Kuping (Auricularia spp.) untuk Dataran Medium (Selection and Adaptation on Three Strain Candidate of Five Superior the Wood Ear Mushroom Strain for Medium Land)

Diny Djuariah

Bala i Pene l i t i an Tanaman Sayu ran , J l n . Ta n g k u b a n P a r a h u N o . 5 1 7 , L e m b a n g , Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 40391 E - m a i l : d i n y d j u a r i a h 1 9 5 8 @ g m a i l . c o m J. Hort. Vol. 26, No. 2, Desember 2016, Halaman 153-162

ABSTRAK. Jamur kuping (Auricularia spp.) merupakan salah satu sayuran yang mempunyai peranan penting sebagai sumber gizi masyarakat dan sumber ekonomi. Rerata hasil jamur kuping petani masih rendah (< 500 g/log). Penyebabnya antara lain

iii


karena penangkar benih sebar tidak menggunakan benih strain unggul berkualitas dan benih sebar diperbanyak diturunkan berkali-kali sehingga potensi daya hasil jamur kuping semakin menurun. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut perlu menyebarluaskan benih strain unggul jamur kuping pada pengguna dan mendaftarkan. Namun, sebelum mendaftarkan strain unggul perlu melakukan seleksi dan adaptasi calon strain unggul jamur kuping di tiga lokasi dataran medium pada musim kemarau. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan strain unggul jamur kuping untuk dataran medium dengan kualitas baik dan produksi tinggi. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan, yaitu rancangan acak kelompok dengan enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas enam nomor yang diuji, yaitu Auricularia auricula - yudae, A. auricula -2-APR, A. auricula -20-APR, A. auricula -21-APR, A. auricula -19-APR, dan A. auricula - 10 (sebagai pembanding). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa A. auricula - 21 - APR, A. auricula - 19 - APR, dan A. auricula - 10 merupakan strain unggul jamur kuping untuk dataran medium yang disukai konsumen dan produksi tinggi (> 500 g/log). Dari hasil kegiatan uji keunggulan, didapat dua calon strain unggul jamur kuping yang berproduksi tinggi dan berkualitas baik sehingga beralasan untuk didaftarkan.

Kata kunci: Strain unggul jamur kuping; Strain unggul; Seleksi; Adaptasi; Dataran medium

ABSTRACT. The wood ear mushroom is one of vegetable crops as a sources of nutrient and valuable economically, average yield is still low (< 500 g/log). This case happened among other things because the spawn substrate producers might be did not apply superior strains. Moreover, they might be reproduced spawn substrate for more than two times/generations. In order to overcome this problem, it is suggested to release a superior strains of the wood ear mushroom including to disseminate it to the users. However, prior to release the superior strain, the important step mush be done, viz. selection and adaptation on strain candidate of for superior the wood ear mushroom at three different medium land for dry seasons. The aim of these experiments is to find out the new superior strain of the wood ear mushroom for medium land, which give high yield, and quality. A randomized block design with four replications will be arranged in the field. Treatments comprised of three candidate of superior strain of the wood ear mushroom, viz. Auricularia auricula - yudae, A. auricula-2-APR, A. auricula-20-APR, A. auricula-21-APR, A. auricula -19-APR dan A. auricula -10 (control). The aim showed that A. auricula-21-APR, A. auricula-19-APR,

and A. auricula -10 the superior strain that are suitable for medium land and the yield (>500 g/log). If can be conculed from superior test, at least two candidate strains with high yield and qualities are suitable and reasonable to be released.

Keywords: The wood ear mushroom; Strain superior; Selection; Adaptation; Medium land

Karakterisasi dan Evaluasi Markisa Asam Hibrid Hasil Persilangan Markisa Asam Ungu dan Merah (Passiflora sp.) (Characterization and Evaluation of Passion Fruit Acid Hybrid from Purple and Red Passion Fruit Acid Crossing)

Agustina Erlinda Marpaung1), Karsinah2), dan Bina Br Karo1)

1)Ba la i Penel i t i an Tanaman Sayuran , J ln . Ta n g k u b a n P a r a h u N o . 5 1 7 L e m b a n g , Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 40391 2)Balai Penel i t ian Tanaman Buah Tropika, Jln. Raya Solok-Aripan Km. 8 PO Box 5, Solok , Sumatera Bara t , Indones ia 27301 E-mail : [email protected]


ABSTRAK. Persi langan merupakan upaya memperbesar keragaman genetik dengan memadukan sifat tetua untuk mendapatkan varietas unggul. Saat ini tanaman markisa ungu merupakan buah yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi, dan sebagai bahan baku untuk pembuatan sirup. Namun, bobot buah markisa ungu tergolong kecil sehingga perlu dilakukan persilangan antara markisa asam ungu dan merah untuk mendapatkan markisa asam hibrid yang lebih unggul. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui karakter calon varietas markisa asam hasil persilangan markisa asam ungu dan markisa asam merah, dan melihat keunggulannya dibandingkan dengan markisa asam ungu. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Berastagi, Kecamatan Dolat Rayat, Kabupaten Karo, Provinsi Sumatera Utara, dengan ketinggian tempat 1.340 m di atas permukaan laut (dpl.) dan jenis tanah Andisol. Kegiatan dilakukan pada kurun waktu 2008 – 2010 dengan kegiatan meliputi persilangan antara markisa asam ungu dan merah, serta karakterisasi dan evaluasi yang dilakukan pada benih, daun, dan buah dari markisa asam hibrid dan tetuanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa markisa asam hibrid mempunyai beberapa keunggulan, antara lain bobot buah lebih besar (110–130 g) dibanding markisa asam ungu dan merah (49,52 – 56,08 g dan 79,21 – 120,51 g), sari buah kental, ukuran buah lebih besar, dan

iv


sedikit beraroma jambu biji. Kandungan kimia buah (total padatan terlarut/TSS) buah markisa asam hibrid secara umum sama dengan markisa asam ungu, yaitu 16o Brix, sedangkan markisa asam merah nilainya lebih tinggi, yaitu 19o Brix. Total asam markisa asam hibrid lebih tinggi dibanding dengan kedua tetuanya 4,42%, sedangkan vitamin C lebih rendah, 34,65 mg/100 g bahan. Hasil preferensi konsumen terhadap rasa buah markisa asam ungu dan hibrid menunjukkan bahwa para panelis menyukai rasa kedua markisa tersebut, sedangkan untuk aroma, markisa asam ungu lebih disukai dibanding markisa asam hibrid.

Kata kunci: Passiflora sp.; Markisa asam; Karakterisasi; Evaluasi; Persilangan

ABSTRACT. Crosses are an attempt to enlarge the genetic diversity by combining the properties of elders to obtain superior varieties. The current crop of purple passion fruit is a fruit that has a high economic value, and as a raw material for the manufacture of syrup, purple passion fruit weight relatively small, so that should be a cross between purple and red passion fruit acids to get a greater hybrid passion fruit. The aim of the research was to know the character of passion fruit candidate variety from crosses between purple and red passion fruit, and to know a greater quality compared with purple passion fruit. The research conducted in Berastagi Experimental Garden, District Dolat Rayat, Karo, North Sumatera, with a height of 1,340 m above sea level (asl.) and the type of soil is Andisol. The activities conducted in 2008 – 2010 with activities include crossing between purple and red passion fruit acid, characterization, and evaluation made in the seeds, leaves, and fruit to hybrid passion fruit acid and its parents. The result showed that hybrid passion fruit acid has several advantages, there are fruit weight bigger (110 – 130 g) compared to purple and red passion fruit (49.52 – 56.08 g and 79.21 – 120.51 g), condensed juice, fruit size is larger and slightly scented guava. Chemical ingredients fruit (total dissolved solids/TSS) passion fruit acids are generally the same hybrid with a purple passion fruit acid that is 160o Brix, while the red passion fruit acid value is higher 19o Brix. Total acid hybrid passion fruit acid higher than parent plants 4.42%, while vitamin C is lower 34.65 mg/100 g of material. The result of consumer preference for the taste of purple passion fruit acids and hybrid showed that the panelists liked the taste of the passion fruit, while the aroma, purple passion fruit acid is preferred over sour passion fruit hybrid.

Keywords: Passiflora sp.; Passion fruit acid; Characterization; Evaluation; Crosses

Anal i s i s Progen i F 1 Has i l Pers i l angan Intra dan Inter-Spes ies Durian (Durio sp . ) Menggunakan Marka Mikrosate l i t [Analysis of F1 Progenies of Intra- and Inter-Species Crossing of Durian (Durio sp.) using Microsatellite Markers]

Adi Pancoro1), Tri Anisa Septiyani1), Ni Luh Putu Indriyani2), dan Panca Jarot Santoso2)

1)Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati ITB, Jln. Ganesha 10 Bandung Jawa Barat, Indonesia, 40132 2)Balai Penel i t ian Tanaman Buah Tropika, Jln. Raya Solok-Aripan Km. 8, PO Box 5, Solok , Sumatera Bara t , Indones ia 27301 E-mail: [email protected]


ABSTRAK. Keragaman genetik tetua dan progeni menjadi informasi dasar untuk pelaksanaan kegiatan seleksi dan persilangan lanjutan dalam program pemuliaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi keragaman genetik enam tetua dan empat populasi progeni F1 hasil persilangan intra dan inter-spesies durian di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika. DNA diisolasi dari daun berdasarkan protokol berbasis CTAB. Amplifikasi 10 lokus mikrosatelit dilaksanakan menggunakan teknik PCR berlabel fluoresense. Analisis hasil dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak Genemarker 2.20, Cervus 3.0.3 dan GenAlex 6.3. Enam dari 10 lokus yang digunakan menunjukkan kemampuan tinggi sebagai penanda yang informatif untuk analisis tetua dan populasi progeni F1 hasil persilangan intra- dan inter-spesies durian. Lima tetua dari spesies Durio zibethinus terbagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu Otong, Kani, dan Sitokong berada dalam satu kelompok, serta Matahari dan Petruk di satu kelompok lainnya, sedangkan Lai Mas (D. kutejensis) berada diluar kedua kelompok. Empat populasi progeni F1 memiliki perbedaan genetik yang signifikan antarpopulasi dan antarindividu dalam populasi. Populasi progeni F1 hasil persilangan inter-spesies Lai Mas x Matahari menunjukkan heterozigositas yang paling tinggi dibandingkan populasi lainnya. Sebaliknya, populasi-populasi persilangan intra-spesies cenderung memiliki heterozigositas yang rendah. Hasil ini dapat dijadikan acuan dalam melaksanakan seleksi dan kegiatan persilangan berikutnya.

Katakunci: Durio sp.; Intra dan inter-species; Progeni F1; Marka mikrosatelit

ABSTRACT. Genetic diversity of parent and progeny is a fundamental information for selection

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and subsequent activities in breeding program. This research was aimed to obtain information regarding genetic diversity of six parents and four F1 populations of intra and inter-species crossing of durian at Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI). DNA was isolated from young leaf by using CTAB based method. Amplification of 10 microsatellite loci was conducted using fluorecent labelled PCR technique. Result analysis was conducted by using PC-softwares Genemarker 2.20, Cervus 3.0.3 and GenAlex 6.3. Six of 10 loci used in the study demonstrated high capability as informative markers for analysis of parent and F1 progeny populations of intra and inter-species crossing of durian. Five parent trees of D. zibethinus species were divided into two groups. Otong, Kani, and Sitokong standed together as a group, whilst Matahari and Petruk stand as another group. One parent tree of D. kutejensis (Lai Mas) stands alone out of both groups. Four F1 progeny populations demonstrated significantly genetic dissimilarity amongst population and amongst individu within population. F1 progeny population of inter-species crossing of Lai Mas x Matahari indicated highest heterozigosity compared to other populations. However, populations of intra-species crossing had low heterozigosity. The results could be used as reference for further selection and crossing activity.

Keywords: Durio sp.; Intra and inter-species, F1; Progeny; Microsatellite markers

Karakter Fotosintesis Genotipe Tomat Senang Naungan pada Intensitas Cahaya Rendah (The Photosynthetic Characters of Loving-Shade Tomato Genotypes at Low Light Intensity)

D w i w a n t i S u l i s t y o w a t i 1 ) , M u h a m m a d A h m a d C h o z i n 2 ) , M u h a m a d S y u k u r 2 ) , Maya Melati2), dan Dwi Guntoro2)

1)STPP Bogor, Jln. Aria Surialaga No.1, PO Box 188, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 16001 2)Depar temen Agronomi dan Hort ikul tura , Faperta, IPB Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 16680 E-mail: [email protected]


ABSTRAK. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi tanaman tomat di Indonesia adalah melalui sistem tanam tumpangsari atau agroforestri. Namun, dalam sistem tanam tumpangsari tanaman sela mengalami defisit cahaya karena ternaungi oleh tanaman lain. Defisit cahaya menyebabkan penurunan laju fotosintesis dan sintesis karbohidrat sehingga

berpengaruh terhadap metabolisme. Beberapa jenis tanaman mampu beradaptasi terhadap defisit cahaya sehingga tumbuh di bawah kondisi naungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari karakter fotosintesis genotipe tomat senang naungan pada intensitas cahaya rendah. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Sekolah Tinggi Penyuluhan Pertanian (STPP) Bogor dari bulan Oktober 2014 sampai dengan Januari 2015. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak petak tersarang yang diulang tiga kali. Faktor pertama terdiri atas dua taraf naungan, yaitu tanpa naungan (0%) dan naungan 50%. Faktor kedua berupa tiga kelompok genotipe tomat terdiri atas senang naungan, toleran, dan peka. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap komponen hasil berupa jumlah buah, bobot buah, dan produksi pertanaman. Peubah pengamatan fisiologi meliputi kandungan total klorofil, klorofil a, klorofil b, rasio klorofil a/b, antosianin, karoten, laju fotosintesis, konduktansi stomata, konsentrasi CO2 internal daun, kandungan pati, dan gula daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotipe tomat senang naungan jika berada pada kondisi ternaungi akan memiliki karakter fotosintesis berupa peningkatan kadar klorofil b lebih tinggi dibandingkan klorofil a, dan rasio klorofil a/b yang lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok genotipe yang lain. Genotipe senang naungan memiliki konsentrasi CO2 internal daun lebih tinggi sehingga mampu mempertahankan laju fotosintesis tetap lebih tinggi walaupun terjadi penurunan konduktansi stomata. Adanya kandungan gula daun yang lebih tinggi, mengakibatkan produksi pertanaman genotipe senang naungan meningkat ketika ditanam di bawah naungan.

Kata kunci: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.; Intensitas cahaya rendah; Karakter fotosintesis; Genotipe senang naungan

ABSTRACT. Efforts have to be made to increase tomatoes production in Indonesia, one is through intercropping or agroforestry systems. In the intercropping system, however, there is a risk for plants to receive low light intensity. Low light intensity causes a decrease of photosynthesis rate and carbohydrate synthesis, so it will affect plant metabolic processes. Some types of plants are able to adapt to low light intensity, so they can grow well under shading conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the photosynthetic characters of shade-loving tomato genotypes at low light intensity. The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Bogor Agricultural Extension Institute, in Bogor, from October 2014 to January 2015. The experiment was arranged in nested randomized design with two

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factors and three replication. The first factor consisted of two levels of shading intensity, i.e. without shade (0%) and 50% shading and the second factor was three groups of tomato genotypes, i.e. shade-loving, shade-tolerant, and shade-sensitive genotypes. The crop yield components observed were fruit number, fruit weight, and yield per plant. Physiological variable measured were total of chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, ratio of chlorophyll a/b, anthocyanin, carotene, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, leaf internal CO2 concentration, content of starch, and sugar leaves. The results showed that the photosynthesis characters of shade-loving genotypes indicated increasing content of chlorophyll b that was higher than that of chlorophyll a. It was resulting in decreasing ratio of chlorophyll a/b more than that of other genotypes. Shade-loving genotypes had higher internal leaf CO2 concentration, than the sensitive ones, so they can maintain the photosynthetic rate remained higher, despite their stomatal conductance were decreasing. The presence of leaf sugar content was relatively high, resulting in the production per plant of the shade-loving genotypes increased when grown in the shade conditions.

Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.; Low light intensity; Photosynthesis characters; Shade-loving genotypes

K a r a k t e r i s a s i M o r f o l o g i d a n A n a t o m i Markisa F1 di Kebun Percobaan Berastagi (Morphology and Anatomy Characterization of Passion Fruit in Berastagi Experimental Farm)

Rina Christina Hutabarat1), Rasiska Tarigan1), Susilawaty Barus1), dan Fitriana Nasution2)

1)Ba la i Penel i t i an Tanaman Sayuran , J ln . Ta n g k u b a n P a r a h u N o . 5 1 7 , L e m b a n g , Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 40391 2)Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika, Jln. R a y a S o l o k - A r i p a n K m . 8 , P O B o x 5 , Solok , Sumatera Bara t , Indones ia 27301 E-mail: [email protected]


ABSTRAK. Ketersediaan varietas markisa unggul yang bermutu tinggi, produktif, tahan terhadap hama/penyakit, dan toleran terhadap cekaman lingkungan merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam peningkatan daya saing industri hortikultura nasional. Upaya untuk memperoleh varietas unggul dilakukan melalui silangan antaraksesi lokal yang memiliki karakter unggul. Tujuan penelitian ini

adalah mengarakterisasi morfologi dan anatomi aksesi markisa lokal berkulit ungu, merah, dan markisa hasil silangan. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Berastagi mulai Oktober 2006 sampai Desember 2011. Hasil analisis data diperoleh kemiripan morfologi markisa ungu dan markisa merah berdasarkan habitat, bunga, liana, teresterial, akar tunggang, batang, dan arah tumbuh, sedangkan daun, bunga, buah, biji, dan warna batang berbeda. Berdasarkan karakter kuantitatif antara markisa F1 dengan markisa ungu memiliki kadar gula sama dengan markisa ungu lokal, yaitu 16,6oBrix. Markisa F1 memiliki 73,06 ml/100 g dengan total asam 1,53%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dendogram diketahui hubungan morfologi markisa menunjukkan tingkat kemiripan markisa lokal merah dan markisa F1 sebesar 81%. Markisa F1 memiliki buah besar, warna kulit ungu kemerahan, aroma sari buah mirip dengan aroma jambu biji.

Kata kunci: Passiflora edulis f. edulis Sims; Karakter; Morfologi; Anatomi

ABSTRACT. Availability of superior variety of passion fruits which high quality, resistant to pests or diseases, and tolerance to environmental stress are essential in improving the competitiveness of national horticultural industry. Superior varieties have been made through crossing local accessions that have superior characters. The aim of this experiment was to characterize the morphology and anatomy of purple passion, red passion, and F1 of passion fruit at Berastagi experimental farm from October 2006 to December 2011. Morphology and anatomy characterization obtained that purple passion fruit and red passion fruit had same characters based on habitat, flowers, lianas, terrestrial, taproot, stems, and direction of growth, whereas leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, and stems color had different characters. Brix sugar level degrees between purple passion fruit and F1 almost similar, it was 16,6o Brix, while the terms content juice of passion fruit cross F1 was 73,06 ml/100 g with total acid was 1,53%. Dendogram based on morphology characters of purple, red, and passion fruit cross F1 had 81% of similarity degree. Passion fruit cross F1 had a great size, reddish purple color, and guava aroma.

Keywords: Passiflora edulis f. edulis Sims; Character; Morphology; Anatomy

Uji Adaptasi Wortel di Tanah Lempung Liat Berpasir Dataran Rendah Palangka Raya (Adaptation Test of Carrot at Sandy Clay Loam in Low-Land Areas of Palangka Raya)

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Muhammad Anang Firmansyah), Twenty Liana1), dan Wiwik Rahayu2)

1) Ba l a i Pengka j i an Tekno log i Pe r t an i an K a l i m a n t a n T e n g a h , J l n . G . O b o s K M 5 , P a l a n g k a R a y a , I n d o n e s i a 7 3 1 1 1 2) Dinas Pertanian Perkebunan Pelaksana Penyuluhan dan Ketahanan Pangan Kota Palangka Raya, Jln. Tjilik Riwut KM 5,5, Palangka Raya, Indonesia 73112 E-ma i l : anang . f i rmansyah75@yahoo .com


ABSTRAK. Tanaman wortel (Daucus carota L.) menghendaki suhu udara optimal 18oC–21oC, suhu udara tersebut di daerah tropis umumnya tercapai pada ketinggian> 500–1.000 m diatas permukaan laut (dpl.). Upaya pengembangan wortel di dataran rendah bersuhu > 28oC di Indonesia belum banyak dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian untuk melihat daya adaptasi varietas wortel di dataran rendah 40 m dpl di Kota Palangka Raya. Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dan diulang tiga kali. Perlakuan terdiri dari lima varietas, yaitu wortel import (Royal Chantenay, Nantes Improved, Flaker Giant), dan wortel lokal (Cisarua dan Batu). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan daya kecambah varietas Cisarua tertinggi pada 8, 10, 12, dan 14 hari setelah tanam (HST) hingga 202 tnm/m2. Tinggi tanaman 91 HST pada Flaker Giant tertinggi, yaitu 56,7 cm tidak berbeda nyata kecuali dengan varietas Nantes Improved. Jumlah daun pada 91 HST pada Cisarua terbanyak mencapai 11,3 helai/tnm dan berbeda nyata dengan varietas lainnya. Berat brangkasan basah dan kering varietas Flaker Varietas Giant tertinggi 61,20 g/tnm dan 7,32 g/tnm. Rasio berat brangkasan dan umbi basah terendah dicapai varietas Cisarua 0,89 dan Batu 0,64, dan berbeda nyata dengan wortel varietas import. Panjang umbi wortel tidak berbeda antarvarietas, yaitu 9,40–21,90 cm/umbi. Diameter umbi total dan hati umbi varietas lokal dan import tidak berbeda nyata kecuali dengan varietas Nantes Improved, masing-masing 26,00–27,63 mm dan 15,93–17,87 mm. Bobot umbi terberat dicapai varietas Cisarua 41,87 g disusul varietas Flaker Giant 32,3 g, diikuti bobot daging tertinggi pada varietas Cisarua 18,53 g dan berbeda nyata dengan varietas Nantes Improved. Tingkat kemanisan daging dan hati umbi wortel varietas Cisarua tertinggi, yaitu 8,87oBrix dan 7,43oBrix. Wortel varietas Cisarua memiliki adaptasi terbaik berdasarkan daya kecambah, bobot umbi, rendahnya tingkat serangan penyakit busuk daun, dan tingkat kemanisan daging umbi.

Kata kunci: Daucus carota L.; Dataran rendah; Palangka Raya

ABSTRACT. The carrot (Daucus carota L.) is a plant that requires optimum temperature in the range of 18°C to 21°C. In the tropics, this temperature could be generally found in the highlands with height of >500–1,000 meters above sea level. In Indonesia, carrots farming development in the lowlands with temperatures >28oC has not been conducted. The aims of this study is to know adaptability of some carrots varieties grown in the lowlands areas, at 40 m above sea level in Palangka Raya. The research design used randomized block design with three replication. There are treatments consisting of five varieties of imported carrots namely, Royal Chantenay, Nantes Improved, Flaker Giant, including two local varieties namely Cisarua and Batu. The results showed that highest germination is dominated by local varieties of Cisarua at 8, 10, 12, and 14 days after planting, it was up to 202 plants/m2. The highest plant at the age of 91 days after planting (DAP), the variety of Flaker Giant reaches 56.7cm, although it not significantly different with the other varieties except Nantes Improved. The number of leaves at the age of age 91 DAP showed that most of Cisarua variety has11.3 pieces of leaf/plant and it is significantly different from other varieties. For stover weight, both in wet, and dry condition, the variety of Flaker Giant reached respectively 61.20 g/plant and 7.32 g/plant. Stover weight ratio and the lowest wet tuber was dominated by Cisarua that is 0.89, not significantly different with Local Batu, 0.64 but it was significantly different from other imported varieties of carrots. The length of carrot tuber leng this not different among varieties, that is 9.40 to 21.90 cm/tuber. Diameter of tuber and tubers core diameter of local and imported varieties were not significantly different except with Nantes Improved, which the range of each variety is between 26.00–27.63 mm and 15.93–17.87 mm. The heaviest weight was found at Local Cisarua, that is 41.87 g, followed by Flaker Giant, 32.3 g. For tuber weight, this is followed by Cisarua with weight of 18.53 g, it is highest and significantly different from Nantes Improved. For carrots weetness level, it was not significantly different. However, Cisarua has the value of 8,87oBrix, including its tuber core 7.43oBrix. Cisarua has good adaptation in low land, base on germination, tuber yield, attack of late blight and sweetness of tuber.

Keywords: Daucus carota L.; Lowlands; Palangka Raya

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Pengaruh Penambahan Pupuk Hayati dan PPC Terhadap Keberhasilan Pembuahan Mangga Podang di Luar Musim (Effect of Biofertilizer and Liquid Fertilizer on Off-Season Podang Mango Fruiting Success)

Sri Yuniastuti dan Titiek Purbiati

Balai Penelitian Teknologi Pertanian Jawa Timur, Jln. Raya Karangploso Km. 4 Malang, Kepuharjo, Karangploso, Jawa Timur, Indonesia 65152 E-mail: [email protected]. Hort. Vol. 26, No. 2, Desember 2016, Halaman 207-216

ABSTRAK. Mangga Podang dengan warna buah kuning kemerahan dan rasa manis segar merupakan salah satu komoditas buah unggulan Kabupaten Kediri. Tanaman mangga tersebut umumnya berbuah setahun sekali dengan masa panen yang singkat (Oktober – Desember) dan ini menyebabkan ketersediaan buah melimpah dengan harga yang murah. Oleh karena itu perlu diupayakan pengaturan pembuahan di luar musim supaya memperpanjang periode panen dengan mempercepat awal musim buah dan memperlambat akhir musim buah sehingga harga dapat dikendalikan. Penelitian dilaksanakan tahun 2012 di Kabupaten Kediri dengan rancangan acak kelompok yang terdiri dari enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Semua tanaman diaplikasi menggunakan zat pengatur tumbuh paklobutrazol pada bulan Februari, pemupukan dan pengendalian OPT sesuai rekomendasi. Manajemen yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan pembuahan di luar musim adalah perlakuan kombinasi antara penambahan pupuk hayati, mikro, dan ZPT dengan dua interval pemberian, yaitu (A) kontrol, (B) pupuk hayati (mikoriza), dan (C) PPC unsur mikro, aplikasi 1 minggu sekali, (D) PPC unsur mikro, aplikasi 2 minggu sekali, (E) PPC unsur mikro+ZPT, aplikasi 1 minggu sekali, dan (F) PPC unsur mikro+ZPT, aplikasi 2 minggu sekali. Aplikasi paklobutrazol pada mangga Podang yang dibarengi dengan pengelolaan secara intensif (pengendalian OPT, penambahan unsur hara makro, dan mikro) dapat meningkatkan hasil buah dan memperpanjang masa panen mulai bulan Agustus sampai Desember. Aplikasi PPC 1 minggu sekali dan 2 minggu sekali baik yang mengandung ZPT maupun tidak, dapat meningkatkan hasil panen sebanyak 98%. Rerata buah yang dapat dipanen sebelum panen raya mencapai 38,2%. Perpanjangan masa panen dan peningkatan hasil buah berdampak meningkatkan pendapatan petani.

Kata kunci: Pembuahan; Mangga Podang; Luar musim

ABSTRACT. Podang mango with yellow, reddish coloration and sweet, refreshing taste is one of the

Kediri’s featured fruit commodities. It’s usually bears its fruit once a year within short period (October- December), causes yield overflow and reduces price. This demands off-season fruiting control to prolong harvesting period by hastening fruit-bearing season beginning and slowing its end to help control their price. Assessment were done on 2012 in Kediri Regency with randomized block design consist of six treatments and four repeats. All plants are given growth regulator, paklobutrazol, on February, with fertilization and pest control based on recommendation. To increase off-season fruiting success rate, combined treatment of biofertilizer, micro-fertilizer, and growth regulator application are managed with two application interval, which is: (A) control, (B) biofertilizer (mycorrhizae), (C) micro-elements liquid fertilizer, once a week (D) micro-elements liquid fertilizer, twice a week, (E) micro-elements liquid fertilizer + growth controller, once a week, and (F) micro-elements liquid fertilizer + growth controller, twice a week. Paklobutrazol application followed by intensive management (pest control, macro, and micro fertilization) on Podang Mango could increase yield and lengthen harvesting period from August to December. Liquid fertilizer application once and twice a week, whether followed by growth controller or not, could increase yield up to 98%. Fruit could be harvested before great harvest were about 38.2%. Prolongation of harvest period and increase in yield will result in increase of farmers’ income.

Keywords: Fruiting; Podang mango; Off-season

I s o l a s i d a n I d e n t i f i k a s i M i k o p a r a s i t U t a m a p a d a K a r a t K r i s a n (Isolation and Identification of Major Mycoparasite on Chrysanthemum Rust)

Evi Silvia Yusuf, Wakiah Nuryani, dan Hanudin

Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias, Jln. Raya Ciherang –Pacet, Cianjur, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 43253 E-mail: [email protected]


ABSTRAK. Pada beberapa jenis cendawan karat dilaporkan terdapat mikoparasit dan salah satu di antaranya adalah Cladosporium sp. Mikoparasit yang ditemukan di Kebun Percobaan Segunung Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias (Balithi), dapat menekan penyakit karat pada krisan sampai dengan 100%. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan mempelajari karakter morfologi dan molekuler cendawan mikoparasit yang terdapat pada pustul karat krisan asal Kebun Percobaan Balithi. Penelitian

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dilakukan di Laboratorium Penyakit Balithi Segunung dan Laboratorium Biologi Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) Cibinong pada Januari sampai dengan Desember 2012. Identifikasi secara morfologi dilakukan dengan melihat ciri makroskopis dan mikroskopis cendawan. Identifikasi secara molekuler dilakukan berdasarkan analisis pada sekuen internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA. Amplifikasi PCR pada ITS menggunakan primer ITS 4: 5`-- TCC TCC GCT TAT TGA TAT GC – 3` dan ITS 5: 5`--GGA AGT AAA AGT CGT AAC AAG G –3`. Hasil pengamatan makroskopik dan mikroskopik menunjukkan bahwa isolat 567 yang menginfeksi karat putih pada krisan asal Segunung termasuk ke dalam genus Cladosporium. Hasil analisis secara molekuler, Cladosporium memiliki homologi 100% dengan Cladosporium cladosporioides strain 1-09 (aksesi no: JF502459) yang berada di genbank.

Kata kunci: Cladosporium; Karat putih; Mikoparasit; Identifikasi; Morfologi

ABSTRACT. Several rust species reported associate with mycoparasite and one of them is Cladosporium sp. Mycoparasite was found at Segunung Experimental Station of Ornamental Crops Research Institute (IOCRI), suppressed the rust up to 100%. The study was conducted at the Mycology Laboratory of IOCRI and Indonesian Institute of Sciences (IIS) Cibinong from January to December 2012. The aims of the research was to identify and study morphology and molecular characters of mycoparasite on chrysanthemum rust pustules from IOCRI. Morphological identification was observed by the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Molecular identification based on partially genetic analyzes on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA of the fungus. PCR amplification of the ITS using ITS Primary 4: 5`-- TCC TCC GCT TAT TGA TAT GC - 3` and ITS Primary 5: 5` - AAA AGT AGT CGT GGA AAC AAG G -3`. Observation of morphology showed that mycoparasite isolate 567 infected chrysanthemum white rust is belonging to Cladosporium genus. The results of molecular analysis showed that Cladosporium sp. has 100% homology with Cladosporium cladosporioides strain 1-09 (accession no: JF502459) from genbanks.

Keywords: Cladosporium; White rust disease; Mycoparasite; Identification; Morphology

Identifikasi Gejala dan Kisaran Inang Enam Iso lat Begomovirus Cabai d i Indones ia (Symptom and Host Range Identification of Six Chilli Begomovirus Isolate in Indonesia)

Redy Gaswanto1), Muhamad Syukur2), Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat3), dan Neni Gunaeni1)

1 )Ba la i Penel i t i an Tanaman Sayuran , J ln . Ta n g k u b a n P a r a h u N o . 5 1 7 , L e m b a n g , Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 40791 2)Depar temen Agronomi dan Hort ikul tura , F a k u l t a s P e r t a n i a n I P B , D r a m a g a , B o g o r , J a w a B a r a t , I n d o n e s i a 1 6 6 8 0 3)Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian IPB, Dramaga, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 16680 E-mail: [email protected]


ABSTRAK. Perkembangan infeksi Begomovirus pada cabai di Indonesia tidak menutup kemungkinan adanya isolat baru yang berbeda gejala dan kisaran inangnya. Tujuan penelitian adalah melakukan identifikasi isolat Begomovirus cabai dari beberapa sentra produksi di Indonesia berdasarkan gejala dan kisaran inangnya. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kasa Virologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa) Lembang, dari Bulan Mei 2013 sampai dengan Agustus 2013. Isolat Begomovirus cabai diperoleh dari enam daerah, yaitu Leuwikopo-Bogor, Brebes, Magelang, Kediri, Blitar, dan Karangploso-Malang. Isolat Begomovirus cabai tersebut diisolasi dan dipelihara pada benih tanaman cabai sehat varietas Tanjung-2 dengan cara ditularkan melalui serangga vektor Bemisia tabaci nonviruliferous. Deteksi isolat Begomovirus cabai secara polymerase chain reaction (PCR) menggunakan sepasang primer universal pAL1v1978/pAR1c715. Identifikasi gejala dan kisaran inang dilakukan pada sembilan jenis tanaman indikator, yaitu cabai, tomat, terung, kacang panjang, buncis, mentimun, babadotan, caisim, dan bayam duri. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Amplifikasi PCR menggunakan primer universal pAL1v1978/pAR1c715 terhadap enam isolat Begomovirus cabai berhasil memperoleh fragmen DNA berukuran 1.600 kb. Isolat Begomovirus cabai asal Brebes, Magelang, Kediri, Blitar, dan Karangploso berhasil ditularkan pada tanaman indikator cabai, tomat, terung, mentimun, kacang buncis, kacang panjang, dan babadotan, namun tidak berhasil ditularkan pada tanaman caisim dan bayam duri. Pada tanaman cabai, isolat Begomovirus asal Brebes lebih virulen 3,3–10% untuk tingkat kejadian penyakit dengan masa inkubasi lebih cepat 2,7–3,7 hari dibandingkan isolat Begomovirus asal Bogor, Magelang, Kediri, Blitar, dan Malang. Untuk kepastian perbedaan enam isolat Begomovirus cabai secara molekuler, disarankan untuk analisis perunutan DNA.

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Kata kunci: Begomovirus; Gejala; Kisaran inang; Virulen

ABSTRACT. Possibility Begomovirus infection on chilli in Indonesia continually could appear a new isolate. The research was aimed at identifying chilli Begomovirus isolate from some chilli area in Indonesia according to their symptom dan host range. The research was conducted at virology’s Laboratory and Screen Net House of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI), from May to August 2013. Chilli Begomovirus isolates from six area were collected, namely: Leuwikopo-Bogor, Brebes, Magelang, Kediri, Blitar, and Karangploso-Malang. All isolates were isolated and maintained to the healthy chilli seedling of Tanjung-2 variety transmitted by insect vector B. tabaci nonviruliferous. The molecular isolate detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a pair of universal primers pAL1v1978/pAR1c715. Nine indicator plants were used to identify their symptom and host range, namely chilli, tomato, eggplant, yardlong bean, bean, cucumber, ageratum, caisim, and wild spinach. A randomized block design was used with three replications. Amplification on six chilli Begomovirus isolates. Isolates from Brebes, Magelang, Kediri, Blitar, and Karangploso were succesfully transmitted to various indicator plants, i.e chilli, tomato, eggplant, cucumber, bean, yardlong bean, and ageratum weed, but failed on caisim and wild spinach. Isolate from Brebes was 3.3–10,0% more virulent (disease incident parameter) and 2.7–3.7% days shorter (incubation time parameter) than isolate from Bogor, Magelang, Kediri, Blitar, and Malang. DNA sequencing analysis is recommended to be done. Further DNA sequencing was recommended to confirm the moleculer diffferences among the six chilli Begomovirus isolates.

Keywords: Begomovirus; Symptom; Host range; Virulen

Ketahanan Aksesi Jeruk Seedles Terhadap Tiga Strain Virus Tristeza Jeruk (Resistance Seedles Accession to Three Strain of Citrus Tristeza Virus)

Mutia Erti Dwiastuti dan Sri Widyaningsih

Balai Peneli t ian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah S u b t r o p i k a , J l n . R a y a T l e k u n g N o . 1 , Junrejo, Batu, Jawa Timur, Indonesia 65301 E-mail: [email protected]


ABSTRAK. Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) merupakan salah satu penyakit yang merugikan secara ekonomi pada jeruk. Penyakit ini telah menyebar merata di pertanaman jeruk seluruh Indonesia. Tiap varietas jeruk

mempunyai ketahanan yang berbeda-beda terhadap penyakit ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat ketahanan kandidat jeruk seedless hasil mutasi dengan radiasi sinar Gamma terhadap tiga strain penyakit CTV. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Terpadu dan Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika (Balitjestro) selama 1 tahun. Tahapan yang dilakukan adalah seleksi dan perbanyakan strain CTV, pengujian ketahanan sembilan kandidat mutan dan dua tanaman berasal dari induk MT-49, MT-50, MT-52, MT-54, MT-89, MT-92 (mutasi dari tetua K SoE), MT-68 (mutasi dari tetua K Garut), KS 001(hasil silangan), KS 002 (tetua Tai Ayam), MT P2A6 (mutasi dari tetua pamelo Nambangan 1), dan MT P1A4 (mutasi dari tetua Pamelo Nambangan 2). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap masa inkubasi, intensitas penyakit berdasarkan gejala visual dan uji serologi Elisa. Tingkat ketahanan didasarkan pada gejala visual dan hasil pengujian dengan Elisa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gejala vein clearing, vein cupping, vein crocking, dan stem pitting ditemukan pada areal pertanaman jeruk. Masa inkubasi CTV pada kandidat mutan dengan inokulasi masing-masing strain bervariasi antara 3–5 minggu. Intensitas penyakit yang timbul akibat inokulasi masing-masing strain bervariasi, demikian juga tingkat ketahanan tanaman. Aksesi varietas yang resisten terhadap strain CTV parah (severe strain) adalah MT P2A6 dan MT P1A4, aksesi toleran terhadap strain CTV parah adalah MT 49, MT 52, MT 54, MT 68, MT 92, KS 002, dan aksesi yang peka terhadap strain CTV parah adalah MT 50, MT 89, dan KS 001

Kata kunci: Jeruk; Seedless; Strain; Mutan; Citrus tristeza virus

ABSTRACT. Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is one of the economically harmful diseases on citrus. The disease has been spread evenly throughout Indonesia citrus crop. Each citrus varieties have different resistance to this disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the candidate’s level of resistance mutations result seedless oranges against three strains of CTV disease. Research conducted at Laboratory and Screen House, Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research (BALITJESTRO), Tlekung, Batu for 1 year. Stages are carried out exploration, collection, and propagation of strains, resistance testing both nine candidate’s mutation MT-49, MT-50, MT-52, MT-54, MT-89, MT-92 (mutant from K SoE), MT-68 (mutant from K Garut), MT P2A6 (mutant from pamelo Nambangan1), MT P1A4 (mutant from Pamelo Nambangan2) and two types of plant derived from the parent KS 001, KS 002 (elder Tai ayam). Observations made on incubation period, intensity of the disease based on visual symptoms and tested with Elisa. The level of resistance is based on visual symptoms

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and results of testing with Elisa. The results showed that symptoms of vein clearing, vein cupping, vein crocking, and stem pitting found on citrus planting area. The incubation period of CTV on mutant candidates by inoculation of each strain varied between 3–5 weeks.The intensity of the disease caused by the inoculation of each strain varies, so does the level of plant resistance. Accessions resistant to severe CTV strains (severe strain) is MT MT P2A6 and P1A4, accessions tolerant to severe CTV strains are MT 49, MT 52, MT 54, MT 68, MT 92, 002, and KS-sensitive accession severe CTV strains are MT 50, MT 89, KS 001

Keywords: Citrus; Seedless; Strain; Mutan; Citrus tristeza virus

I n d u k s i R e s i s t e n s i Ta n a m a n K r i s a n Terhadap Puccinia horiana P. Henn. Dengan Menggunakan Ekstrak Tanaman Elisitor (Resistance Induction of Chrysanthemum Plant to Puccinia horiana P. Henn Using Elicitor Plant Extracts)

Hanudin, Wakiah Nuryani, dan Budi Marwoto

Balai Peneli t ian Tanaman Hias, J ln. Raya Pacet – Ciherang, PO Box 8, Sindanglaya, C i a n j u r , J a w a B a r a t , I n d o n e s i a 4 3 2 5 3 E-mail: [email protected]. Hort. Vol. 26, No. 2, Desember 2016, Halaman 245-256

ABSTRAK. Penyakit karat putih yang disebabkan oleh Puccinia horiana Henn. merupakan salah satu penyebab masalah yang paling penting pada tanaman krisan (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev.). Serangan pada tanaman ini dapat menurunkan nilai komersial bunga krisan. Induksi resistensi merupakan salah satu strategi untuk mengendalikan penyakit ini. Beberapa jenis tanaman elisitor terbukti efektif meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman terhadap serangan berbagai jenis patogen. Tujuan penelitian adalah memperoleh minimal dua spesies ekstrak tanaman elisitor yang efektif menginduksi ketahanan tanaman krisan terhadap P. horiana, dan mendapatkan informasi kandungan asam salisilat pada tanaman krisan yang terbukti tahan terhadap P. horiana akibat perlakuan ekstrak tanaman elisitor. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias pada Januari hingga Desember 2013. Tujuh tanaman elisitor yang diuji, yaitu daun tanaman ivy (Hedera helix), batang tanaman wilow (Salix sp.), daun bunga pukul empat (Mirabilis jalapa), daun Phytholacca americana (anti viral), daun kecubung (Datura suaveolens), daun pagoda (Clerodendron japonicum), dan daun lengkuas (Alpinia galanga) yang masing-masing diencerkan dengan perbandingan 1 : 1 w/v (100 g bagian bahan

tananam digerus menggunakan mortal sampai halus, kemudian ditambah 100 ml larutan 0,01 M fosfat buffer pH 7,0). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak batang Salix sp. dan daun C. japonicum efektif menginduksi ketahanan tanaman krisan terhadap P. horiana dengan persentase penekanan masing-masing mencapai 80,20 dan 75,46%. Kandungan asam salisilat pada tanaman krisan tahan P. horiana yang diinduksi oleh tanaman elisitor, masing-masing bervariasi antara 1.767,55– 3.767,55 ppm. Pemanfaatan hasil penelitian ini dapat meningkatkan daya saing bunga krisan di pasar internasional melalui aplikasi ekstrak tanaman elisitor sehingga ramah lingkungan dan ekonomis.

Kata kunci: Dendranthema grandiflora; Efektivitas; Tanaman elisitor; Induksi resistensi; Puccinia horiana

ABSTRACT. White rust disease caused by Puccinia horiana Henn. Is one of the most important problems in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev.) cultivation system. Attacks on these plants can reduce the commercial value of the Chrysanthemum flowers. Induction of resistance is one of reliable strategies for controlling the disease. Some types of plants elicitor are proved to be effective to improve plant resistance to various pathogens. The purpose of this study is to obtain at least two species of plant extracts that its effective to induce plant resistance to P. horiana of chrysanthemum, and obtain information on the content of salicylic acid of resistant plant has been induced by application of plant elicitor extract. The research was conducted in the laboratory and Greenhouse Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute conducted between January until December 2013. Seven elicitor plants that are leaf ivy (Hedera helix), the plant stem willow (Salix sp.). Leaves flowers at four o’clock (Mirabilis jalapa) , leaves Phytholacca americana (anti-viral), cone-shaped leaves (Datura suaveolens), leaf pagoda (Clerodendron japonicum), and leaves galangal (Alpinia galanga), were tested. Each of which is diluted in the ratio 1: 1 w / v (100 g of the material plants crushed using a mortal until smooth, then add 100 ml of 0.01 M phosphate buffer pH 7.0). The results showed that stem extract of Salix sp. and the leaves extract of C. japonicum were effectively induced plant resistance to P. horiana of chrysanthemum with emphasis percentages respectively reached 80.20 and 75.46%. Salicylic acid content in chrysanthemum effectively induced by elicitor plants, each contained varying between 1,767.55 to 3,767.55 ppm. The used of leave extract of both species can improve resistance plant species.

Keywords: Dendranthema grandiflora; Effectiveness; Elicitor plants; Resistance; Puccinia horiana

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Sinergisme Jamur Entomopatogen Metarhizium anisopliae Dengan Insektisida Kimia Untuk Meningkatkan Mortalitas Ulat Bawang Spodoptera exigua (Synergism Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and Chemical Insecticide to Increase the Mortality of Armyworm Spodoptera exigua)

Ahsol Hasyim, Wiwin Setiawati , Abdi Hudayya, dan Luthfy

Bala i Pene l i t i an Tanaman Sayu ran , J l n . Ta n g k u b a n P a r a h u N o . 5 1 7 , L e m b a n g , Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 40391 E-mail : [email protected]


ABSTRAK. Hama ulat bawang Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) merupakan salah satu hama penting pada tanaman bawang di Indonesia. Jamur entomopatogen terutama Metarhizium anisopliae telah banyak digunakan untuk mengendalikan hama serangga. Keefektivitasan jamur entomopatogen M. anisopliae bila diaplikasikan secara tunggal untuk pengendalian hama hasilnya belum memuaskan. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan usaha untuk meningkatkan keefektifan jamur entomopatogen tersebut dengan melakukan pencampuran dengan insektisida kimia. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui sinergisme campuran jamur entomopatogen M. anisopliae dengan insektisida kimia terhadap mortalitas larva S. exigua instar ke-3 di laboratorium. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Entomologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran di Lembang ( ± 1.250 m dpl.), mulai bulan Juni sampai Oktober 2014. Larva S. exigua dikumpulkan dari pertanaman petani bawang merah di daerah Cirebon, Jawa Barat dan diperbanyak di Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua tahap kegiatan, yaitu (1) uji pendahuluan dosis jamur M. anisopliae dan dosis insektisida kimia dan (2) uji campuran jamur M. anisopliae dengan dosis sublethal insektisida kimia. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri atas enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Penelitian menggunakan metode pencelupan. Mortalitas larva S. exigua diamati mulai 24 jam sampai dengan 168 jam setelah perlakuan. Data mortalitas larva diolah menggunakan analisis probit untuk menetapkan nilai LC50. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai LC50 insektisida kimia yang terendah diperoleh dari insektisida abamektin, yaitu 482,34 ppm dan yang tertinggi diperoleh dari jamur M. anisopliae, yaitu 1.189, 83 ppm. Nilai LC50 campuran insektisida, campuran jamur M. anisopliae dengan insektisida abamektin menunjukkan efek sinergistik dan meningkatkan efikasi 24,45 kali

lipat jika dibandingkan dengan jamur M. anisopliae secara tunggal. Kombinasi jamur entomopatogen dengan insektisida konsentrasi sublethal dapat meningkatkan kemampuan jamur entomopatogen dalam mengendalikan S. exigua sehingga dapat memperlambat terjadinya resistensi insektisida.

Kata kunci: Sinergisme; Insektisida kimia; Jamur Metarhizium anisopliae; Mortalitas larva; Spodoptera exigua

ABSTRACT. The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a serious pest of shallot in Indonesia. Many entomopathogenic fungi especially Metarhizium anisopliae are used as biological control agents of insects pests. But, the control of pest in crops with entomopathogens fungi, M. anisopliae alone is still not effective. Therefore it is necessary to improve the effectiveness of the entomopathogenic fungus by mixing with chemical insecticides. The aim of the study was to determine the sinergism of entomopathogenic fungi with insecticides to control third instar of S. exigua larvae under laboratory condition. The experiment was conducted at Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute Lembang (±1,250 m asl.), from June to October 2014. Sample of S. exigua larvae were collected from farmers’ field in Cirebon, West Java and mass production was carried in a screenhouse. Two bioassay steps were performed i.e. (1) preliminery test of entomopatogenic doses and insecticide doses and (2) the combination of sublethal doses of insecticide and several doses of M. anisopliae. The experimental design used was completely randomized design consisted of six treatments and four replications. Dipping method was used in this research. Mortality of S. exigua larvae was observed at 24 hours after exposures and repeated every 24 hours up to 168 hours of expo sures. The mortality data was analyzed using probit analysis to determine the LC50 values. The analysis showed that the LC50 value of the lowest chemical insecticides derived from insecticides abamectin that is 482,34 ppm and the highest obtained from the fungus M. anisopliae that is 1,189.83 ppm. Based on LC50 value of insecticides mixtures, the addition of abamectin insecticide to the entomopathogenic fungi, M. anisopliae, indicated synergism and increased their efficacy by 24,45 times higher, compared to M. anisopliae alone. Entomopathogenic fungi, M. anisopliae in combination with sublethal concentration of insecticides could increase the fungal ability in controlling S. exigua and also could be useful to abate insecticide resistance.

Keywords: Sinergism; Chemical insecticide; Metarhizium anisopliae fungi; Larvae mortality; Spodoptera exigua

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