iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo ... gaxaria.pdf · veSapeli gamoeTxoveba redaqtorobas, feletonSi `sizmrebis axsna~ ase daweren: `grigol veSapeli naxo, _ wumpeSi moiTxvaro

iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakulteti

r u s u d a n g a x a r i a

grigol robaqiZe da qarTuli presa

(1907_1921 ww)

JurnalistikaSi filosofiis mecnierebaTa doqtoris

akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad wardgenili

d i s e r t a c i a

naSromi Sesrulebulia iv.javaxiSvilis sax.

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi

samecniero xelmZRvaneli filologiis mecnierebaTa kandidati

asocirebuli profesori: dali CikvilaZe

Tbilisi 2009

2

sarCevi

Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

I Tavi _ leqciebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

II Tavi _ Tematuri ciklebi da portretebi . . . 58

III Tavi _ publicistika . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

IV Tavi _ ena, literatura, Teatri . . . . . . . . . 99

daskvna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

bibliografia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

3

Sesavali

grigol robaqiZe me-20 saukunis erT-erTi yvelaze saintereso

da mistikuri pirovnebaa.

movida da aaforiaqa miZinebuli xalxi, sazogadoebrivi azri.

movida da axali ideebi moitana.

sazogado moRvawe, literatori, filosofosi, poeti,

prozaikosi da publicisti. iwvoda qarTuli mziT. uyvarda nicSe da

yvelaferi dionisuri. misi uaRresad saintereso publicistika

jerac ar aris saTanadod Seswavlili, es gansakuTrebiT iTqmis

emigraciamdel periodze. arada, qarTuli kulturis msaxurs

wuTiTac ar Seuwyvetia wera. presaSi mudmivad qveyndeboda grigol

robaqiZis werilebi literaturuli Tu sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis

saWirboroto sakiTxebze. mTeli es masala Seuswavlelia gasagebi

mizezis gamo – sabWoTa periodSi robaqiZes tabu edo. xalxis mtrad

Seracxuli mwerlis litaraturuli memkvidreobis Seswavlas vin

gabedavda, `gvelis perangis~ Cumad, ìatakqveSeTSi~ gadafurcvlac

ki sarisko iyo. krebulSi `TeTr siamayes aqandakeb Seni didebiT~

revaz TvaraZe igonebs, rogori TrTolviT ecnoboda misi Taoba

akrZalul literaturas – grigol robaqiZis, tician tabiZis, mixeil

javaxiSvilis Semoqmedebas. àm process orgvari xibli axlda, –

wers r. TvaraZe, – erTi rom, didad saxifaTo iyo am wignTa xelSi

aReba (garkveul viTarebaSi aTwliani gacimbirebac ar

gamoiricxeboda) da swored amitom sakuTari gulmagrobac gvaxvevda

Tavbrus. Semdgom amisa, Cvens winaSe gadaixsneboda sul sxva

horizontebi, idumali da gamoucnobi samyaro, aTkecad mimzidveli

am Tavisi SeucnoblobiT. gamorCeulad grigol robaqiZis gamo

iTqmis es~ (TeTr... 2003 : 12).

4

Tu akrZaluli wignis xelSi aRebas SeiZleba, aTwliani

gacimbireba mohyoloda, akrZalul avtorTa Semoqmedebis Seswavlas

vin daganebebda... gr. robaqiZis literaturul-publicisturi

memkvidreobis kvlevaze aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi mxolod ocneba

Tu SeiZleboda. qveynis moRalated iwodeboda pirovneba, romelsac

saqarTveloze fiqris gareSe ar ucxovria, striqoni ar dauweria.

samSoblos miseul gamorCeul siyvaruls aRniSnavs yvela, visac

Tvali gaudevnebia grigol robaqiZis Semoqmedebisa Tu

sazogadoebrivi moRvaweobisTvis. guram benaSvilma robaqiZes

èrovnuli fesvebis maZiebeli fausti~ (benaSvili 2005:22) uwoda.

Teimuraz maRlaferiZem aRniSna, rom `qarTul mwerlobaSi cota

moiZebneba robaqiZeze metad patriotizmiT aRbeWdili mwerali. misi

proza, poezia, dramaturgia Tu eseistika, marTlac rom, sunTqavs da

sazrdoobs saqarTveloTi, aq yvelaferi qarTuli mziT, miTosiTa da

istoriiT aris gasxivosnebuli~ (maRlaferiZe 2005:309).

komunistebis diqtaturis dasasruls grigol robaqiZes xalxis

mtris `wodeba~ `CamoerTva~, ris Semdegac SesaZlebeli gaxda fiqri

da analizi im danatovarisa, rac qarTuli azrovnebis axal

fundaments qmnida XX saukunis dasawyisSi. magram mkvlevarebi,

ZiriTadad, misi poeziiTa Tu proziT interesdebodnen. TiTqmis

Seuswavlelia gr. robaqiZis publicisturi saqmianoba. SeiZleba es

imiTac aixsnas, rom cota dro gavida, rac mis Semoqmedebas

dadebuli tabu `moexsna”. unda aRiniSnos isic, rom grigol

robaqiZis publicisturi nawerebi da saleqcio moRvaweobis

amsaxveli publikaciebi mraval Jurnal-gazeTSia gamoqveynebuli.

bibliografiis ararsebobis pirobebSi am masalebis srulad Sekreba

did dros moiTxovs. am damabrkolebel faqtorebs xazs usvamen sxva

mkvlevarebic. a. nikoleiSvilis sityviT, mxolod robaqiZis sruli

memkvidreobisa da misadmi miZRvnili masalebis gamoqveynebis Semdeg

`miecema mkvlevarsac da nebismier dainteresebul pirsac imis

5

SesaZlebloba, rom srulyofilad da obieqturad Seafasos is

mravalmxriv mniSvnelovani damsaxureba, romelic gr. robaqiZes

miuZRvis meoce saukunis qarTuli mwerlobis istoriaSi~

(nikoleiSvili 2000:177).

zemoTqmuli imas ar gulisxmobs, TiTqos gr. robaqiZis

sagazeTo moRvaweobiT arcerTi mkvlevari ar dainteresebula.

literatorebma misi publikaciebis nawili moiZies da Seiswavles. i.

evgeniZem grigol robaqiZis TvaliT danaxuli vaJa-fSavela

gaanaliza da xazi gausva, rom fSaveli geniosi saTanadod swored

robaqiZem gaacno rogorc saqarTvelos, aseve ruseTs

(narkvevebi... 2000 : 33-68). b. arvelaZem gamoikvlia ioseb

griSaSvilisa da grigol robaqiZis polemikasTan dakavSirebuli

masalebi (arvelaZe 1990:303-314). sonetisa da riTmis Sesaxeb gr.

robaqiZis mosazrebebi gaanalizebulia T. barbaqaZis naSromSi

`qarTuli leqsmcodneobis sakiTxebi periodul presaSi~ (barbaqaZe

1988). 1917-1918 wlebis presaSi saqarTvelos damoukideblobis

sakiTxebis Seswavlisas r. vaSakiZe sxva avtorebis publikaciebTan

erTad daeyrdno grigol robaqiZis ramdenime publicistur werils

(vaSakiZe 2006:27-39). l. avalianma Seiswavla robaqiZis kidev erTi

polemika, romelic nikoloz baraTaSvilis sulier dramas

exeboda. l. avalianis marTebuli daskvniT, grigol robaqiZis, arCil

jorjaZisa da dimitri uznaZis es polemika mniSvnelovani iyo:

`sanimuSo da samagaliToa mopaeqreTa eTika – piruTvnelobasa da

obieqturobasTan Sezavebuli, zrdili, TavSekavebuli toni;

pativiscemisa da madlierebis gamJRavneba erTurTis mimarT~ (TeTr...

2003:27). e. cxadaZem Seiswavla „londaSi” gamJRavnebuli kolxuri

misteria (ciskari 1998), „engadis” miTosurebi Zirebi ki l.

jinjixaZis kvlevis sagani gaxda (jinjixaZe 2004). robaqiZis

ramdenime mxatvrul portrets dauTmo yuradReba o. WurRuliam

(saqarTvelos... 1997), saxelganTqmuli mwerlis eseistikiT ki T.

6

mefariSvili dainteresda (mefariSvili 2005). Tumca, aqve unda

aRiniSnos, rom naSromSi eseebi literaturul WrilSia ganxiluli

da ara publicisturSi.

grigol robaqiZis Semoqmedebis garkveuli mxareebi mokled

mimoixiles s. siguam (sigua 2002), m. jaliaSvilma (jaliaSvili 1994),

a. gomarTelma (gomarTeli 1997), a. nikoleiSvilma (nikoleiSvili

2000)...

grigol robaqiZis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis SeswavlaSi

gansakuTrebuli wvlili miuZRvis akaki baqraZes. sxva

literatorebisgan gansxvavebiT, man gr. robaqiZis literaturul-

sazogadoebrivi moRvaweobis ara calkeuli sferoebi, aramed

mTlianad misi cxovreba da saqmianoba warmoaCina. ase Seiqmna

grigol robaqiZis Zalian saintereso portreti – `kardu anu

grigol robaqiZis cxovreba da Rvawli~ (Tb., 1999).

Ggr. robaqiZis cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebas mieZRvna agreTve

SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis qarTuli literaturis institutis

mier gamocemuli krebuli `TeTr siamayes aqandakeb Seni didebiT~

(Tb., 2003).

qarTulma sazogadoebam grigol robaqiZe gaicno rogorc

niWieri leqtori da oratori. ase daiwyo gr. robaqiZis

sazogadoebrivi moRvaweoba. samecniero literaturaSi miRebulia,

rom igi 1908 wlidan kiTxulobda sajaro leqciebs. mxatvari da

sazogado moRvawe lado jafariZe igonebs: `gansakuTrebiT didi

saxeli grigols 1908-1930-ma wlebma moutana, rodesac mwerali

germaniidan dabrunda da quTaissa da TbilisSi qarTuli mwerlobis

sakiTxebis garSemo sajaro leqciebis qarTul enaze kiTxva daiwyo~

(jafariZe 2004:234).

sazRvargareTidan misi dabrunebis TariRad 1908 welia

miTiTebuli eleqtronul enciklopediaSic vikipedia. amasTanave,

dabadebis welic arasworad aris aRniSnuli _ 1980-is nacvlad 1982.

7

grigol robaqiZis `pirveli da Zalze efeqturi gamoCenis~, anu

pirveli leqciis wakiTxvis TariRad 1908 wels asaxelebs l.

avalianic (TeTr... 2003:15). amasve imeorebs igi mogvianebiT gamocemul

wignSi `giJi drois~ qarTuli mwerloba~: `grigol robaqiZe 1908

wels ucxoeTidan droebiT Camosvlis mizezad ilias mkvlelobas

asaxelebs, publicistur werilebs aqveynebs da, rac mTavaria, _

saleqcio moRvaweobas iwyebs~ (avaliani 2005 : 27).

amave azrs iziarebs a. nikoleiSvili: `1908 wels mwerali

samSobloSi brundeba da aqtiurad ebmeba SemoqmedebiT da

sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi~ (nikoleiSvili 2000:177).

s. siguas mtkicebiT, robaqiZe `1909 wels droebiT dabrunda

saqarTveloSi da daiwyo evropuli kulturis propaganda~ (sigua

2002:56). zogierTi mkvlevari ki grigol robaqiZis saleqcio

moRvaweobis dasawyisad 10-ian wlebs asaxelebs. r. dauSvilis azriT,

axalgazrda leqtori publikas pirvelad 1914 wels warudga

(dauSvili 2005:66).

Cven mier mopovebuli masalebiT irkveva, rom sinamdvileSi

grigol robaqiZem pirveli leqcia 1907 wlis 21 noembers waikiTxa.

gazeTma ìsarma~ mkiTxvels anonsiT amcno, sad, rodis da raze

isaubrebda farTo sazogadoebisTvis ucnobi leqtori, amasTan,

leqciis Tezisebic gamoaqveyna. irkveva, rom gr. robaqiZes pirveli

leqcia ara ilia WavWavaZis (rogorc l. avaliani aRniSnavda), aramed

èrovnebis ideis~ Sesaxeb waukiTxavs. ufro zustad, leqciis

saxelwodeba iyo èrovnebis idea filosofiur idealizmis

SexedulebiT~ (isari 1907a : 3-4).

grigol robaqiZes es leqcia pirvelad rusulad, xolo Semdeg

sazogadoebis TxovniT qarTulad waukiTxavs (isari 1907b : 3).

amdenad, gazeT “isarSi” dabeWdili informaciiT mtkicdeba, rom

robaqiZis pirveli qarTuli leqcia 1907 wlis 21 noembers Sedga.

Cven mier moZiebuli masalebi naTelyofs, rom gr. robaqiZes pirveli

8

qarTuli leqcia ar waukiTxavs 1909 wels, rogorc amas igonebs

daviT kldiaSvili Tavis mogonebebSi. igi memuarebSi wers, rom

quTaisSi qarTul enaze pirveli leqcia nikoloz baraTaSvilis

Sesaxeb waikiTxa robaqiZem (kldiaSvili 1932a:321-323). es iyo 1909

wlis noemberi. l. avalianic iziarebs im azrs, rom swored es iyo

pirvelad qarTulad wakiTxuli leqcia, oRond – TbilisSi 1909

wlis 24 oqtombers (TeTr... 2003:15).

Cveni naSromi aris mokrZalebuli cda misi im nawerebis Sekreba-

gaanalizebisa, romlebic 1907-1921 wlebSi gamoqveynda. amasTan,

mimovixileT ara mxolod sakuTriv robaqiZis nawerebi, aramed is

werilebic, romlebic masTan aris dakavSirebuli. Sesavali da

daskvniTi nawilebis garda, naSromi Seicavs oTx Tavs: I _ leqciebi,

II _ Tematuri ciklebi da portretebi, III – publicistika, IV _ ena,

literatura, Teatri.

`publicistikaSi~ mimovixileT is werilebi, romlebic

aqtualur sazogadoebriv-politikur sakiTxebs exeboda. Cveni azriT,

es aris gr. robaqiZis sagazeTo moRvaweobis yvelaze saintereso

monakveTi. 1917 wlis dasasruli da 1918 wlis dasawyisi metad

sayuradRebo droa. ruseTSi bolSevizmi imarjvebs, saqarTvelosac

emuqreba am stiqiaSi CaTreva. grigol robaqiZisTvis ki erTaderTi

`partia~ – sakuTari qveyana arsebobs. àvadi~ (avadmyofi) eri –

axali cxovrebis damkvidrebas, robaqiZe ki mis gadarCenas cdilobs.

am periodSi igi suliT xorcamde publicistia, romelsac mwvave

politikurma sakiTxebma TiTqmis miaviwya poeziac da prozac.

grigol robaqiZe gamorCeuli publicisti iyo ara mxolod

publikaciebis mixedviT, aramed – sazogadoebriv moRvaweobaSic,

leqciebis kiTxviT rom daiwyo.

rogorc amboben, pirveli publicistebi mociqulebi iyvnen. gr.

robaqiZe axali dasavluri ideebis mqadagebeli, dasavluri

kulturis mociquli gaxldaT, amdenad, publicistic. misi leqciebi

9

gansakuTrebul movlenad iqca imdroindeli sazogadoebis

cxovrebaSi. es iyo axali sityva.

Cveni yuradRebis centrSi am siaxlis gamo moeqca ara mxolod

gr. robaqiZis leqciebi, aramed misi sazogadoebrivi da

publicisturi saqmianoba. robaqiZe xalxisTvis kargad nacnob,

gaTavisebul Temebsac, rogoric iyo, magaliTad, akakis Semoqmedeba,

axali kuTxiT warmoaCenda. Cveni naSromis yoveli Tavis boloSi

xazgasmiT gamovyofT, Tu ra Tqva publicistma axali, saWiro da

saintereso, rac mniSvnelovania Jurnalistikis istoriisTvis. aqve

gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom gverdi avuareT mis leqsebs, romlebic

xSirad qveyndeboda presaSi. Cveni kvlevis sagani iyo grigol

robaqiZe, ara rogorc mxatvruli sityvis ostati, aramed rogorc

drois bebiaqali.

radgan misi sagazeTo moRvaweobis zogadi suraTis Cveneba

gvsurda, naSromSi mimovixileT werilebi, romlebic gamoqveynda

Svid Jurnal-gazeTSi. CamovTvliT am periodikas:

social-federalistebis gazeTi ìsari~ 1907 wlis ianvarSi

gamovida iv. mWedliSvilis redaqtorobiT, romelic jer v. guniam

Secvala, Semdeg ki _ e. avaliSvilma.

yoveldRiuri `sapolitiko da saliteraturo~@gazeTi `droeba~

1908 wlis 18 noembers gamovida. pirvel nomers xels aweren

redaqtori mariam i. demuriasi da gamomcemeli Tavadi TumaniSvili.

meore nomerSi redaqtor-gamomcemlad ivane soziaSvilia

miTiTebuli. wlis bolomde xan soziaSvilia redaqtori, xan –

aglaZe, 1909 wlidan ki – mxolod aglaZe.

saprogramo werilSi xazgasmulia qarTuli gazeTis gamocemis

sirTule, simZime. mxneobis, mamuliSvilobis idealad maT me-19

saukunis `droebis~@ publicistebi hyavT. `rogorc @ar SeuSindnen

gazeTis gamocemis mZime tvirTs qarTuli presis pionerebi, ise

exlaa saWiro gamagreba da simxneve. Cvens pirobebSi gazeTi erT-erTi

10

Zvirfasi iaraRia qarTvel xalxSi saRis Segnebis Sesatanad da

mimdinare sakiTxebis rTuli xasiaTis gansamartavad~ (droeba 1908a:1).

axali `droebac~ tvirTis erTgulad zidvas apirebs da qarTuli

kulturis winsvla, xalxis mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba eimedeba.

1910 wels gazeTis gamocema Sewyda.

`faskunji~ (1908-1910 w.w.) – `saliteraturo da samxatvro

Jurnali~, gamodis grigol tatiSvilis redaqtorobiT.

sityvakazmuli mwerloba, mxatvroba, musika, Teatri _ aseTi gaxlavT

Jurnalis interesTa sfero. `faskunjSi~ robaqiZis mxolod ori

patara etiudi (nawyvetebi leqciebidan) daibeWda. 1909 wels `droeba~

werda: `Jurnali (`faskunji~ _ r.g.) upartioa. xelovneba yvelasaTvis

erTnairad Zvirfasia da yvela xels unda uwyobdes mis

ganviTarebas~ (droeba 1909a:1). mowodebam, rogorc Cans, uSedegod

Caiara: 1910 wels yovelkvireuli `faskunji~ TveSi erTxel

gamomaval Jurnalad iqca, Semdeg ki arsebobac Sewyvita.

yoveldRiuri `saxalxo gazeTi~ 1909-1914 wlebSi gamodioda.

redaqtor-gamomcemeli, Tavdapirvelad, gaxldaT daria

xramelaSvili, Semdeg _ ir. sonRulaSvili (1910 wlis 27 ivlisidan),

n. kurdRelaSvili (1911 wlis 18 martidan) da a. WumbaZe (1913 wlis 3

ianvridan). `saxalxo gazeTis~ ukanaskneli nomeri 1914 wlis 31 maiss

gamovida.

1911 wlis 25 martidan quTaisSi gamosvlas iwyebs yoveldRiuri

gazeTi `kolxida~ (redaqtor-gamomcemeli _ a. WumbaZe). im dros

dasavleT saqarTveloSi qarTul enaze perioduli gamocema ar

ibeWdeboda. `kolxida~, ZiriTadad, adgilobrivi interesebis “amwon-

damwonad~ Seiqmna, magram es interesebi unda gaTvaliswinebuliyo

saerTo-saqveyno sargeblobis Sesabamisad. gazeTi brZolas ucxadebs

sazogadoebaSi Rrmad fesvgadgmul pirad interesebs, Tavis

programad kulturaze zrunvas acxadebs, swams, rom es erTaderTi

saSualebaa erovnulobis gasaZliereblad. gazeTi acxadebs, rom misi

11

yuradReba mimarTuli iqneba masebisaken, radgan `Tu kultura eris

masas ara swvda, qveyana mudam CamorCenili iqneba~ (kolxida 1911a : 1).

`kolxidis~ bolo nomeri 1913 wlis 1 maiss gamovida.

`Temi~ orSabaTobiT gamomavali erTaderTi gazeTi iyo ara

mxolod saqarTveloSi, aramed mTlianad amierkavkasiaSi. amdenad,

mas unda Seevso is danaklisi, rasac kviris dasawyisSi, orSabaTs

gamoucemeli presa qmnida.

pirveli nomeri 1911 wlis 10 ianvars gamovida. redaqtor-

gamomcemeli gaxldaT nafici veqili grigol diasamiZe.

upartio gazeTis mizani qarTveli xalxis `kulturuli

ganaxleba~, eris keTildReoba, erTa Soris gulwrfeli kulturuli

kavSiris Camoyalibeba da ganmtkiceba iyo. surda piradi interesebi

gamoericxa da mkiTxvelTan uSualo, sisxlxorceuli urTierToba

daemyarebina (Temi 1911a: 1).

`Tems~ hyavda meore redaqtori _ sofrom mgalobliSvili,

romelic g. diasamiZis aryofnisas xelmZRvanelobda gazeTs.

1915 wlis 18 maiss `qaRaldis SimSilis~ (qaRaldis naklebobis)

gamo oTxgverdianma `Temma~ arseboba Sewyvita.

1915-1921 wlebSi gamodioda yoveldRiuri gazeTi, saqarTvelos

erovnul-demokratiuli partiis mTavari komitetis organo _

`saqarTvelo~. ori wlis ganmavlobaSi redaqtori iyo s.

SanSiaSvili, 1917 wlidan ki _ grigol veSapeli. Semdeg, roca

veSapeli gamoeTxoveba redaqtorobas, feletonSi `sizmrebis axsna~

ase daweren: `grigol veSapeli naxo, _ wumpeSi moiTxvaro anda

usaTuod geCxubos vinme~ (saqarTvelo 1920a : 4).

manamde ki, 1918 wlis 26 maiss, grigol veSapelma mefisnacvlis

sasaxleSi saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos sxdomaze waikiTxa

`saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aqtis~ rusuli Targmani. am aqtiT,

12

romlis dedanic noe Jordaniam waikiTxa, saqarTvelo suverenul-

demokratiul respublikad gamocxadda.

am dromde jer kidev aTi weli unda moikecos.

grigol robaqiZe sazogadoebriv moRvaweobas iwyebs.

13

I Tavi

leqciebi

1902 wels sazRvargareT wasuli grigol robaqiZe TiTqmis eqvsi wlis Semdeg,

1907 wlis miwuruls brundeba saqarTveloSi da sazogadoebriv moRvaweobas

leqciebis kiTxviT iwyebs. sajaro leqciebis tradicia saqarTveloSi salonuri

saRamoebidan iRebs saTaves da TandaTan ufro farTo auditoriebSi inacvlebs.

leqciebs kiTxulobdnen akaki, e. TayaiSvili, i. nakaSiZe, a. xaxanaSvili, i.

gomarTeli da sxvebi, magram tradiciis miuxedavad grigol robaqiZis leqciebi

savsebiT axali sityva iyo. qarTuli kulturis ganviTarebaSi man metad

mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana farTo sazogadoebisTvis axali filosofiur-

literaturuli Sexedulebebis gacnobiT. amasTan, robaqiZe Rirseul adgils

akuTvnebda im qarTvel mwerlebs, romelTa Rvawli saTanadod ar iyo

dafasebuli.

pirvelad qarTul sazogadoebas gazeTma ìsarma~ warudgina grigol

robaqiZe rogorc leqtori (misi rogorc publicistis naTloba ki 1902 wels

Sedga gazeT kvalSi weriliT „ra aris moda?“). am dReebSi sazRvargareTidan

dabrunda gr. robaqiZe, romelic TbilisSi ramdenime leqciis wakiTxvas apirebso,

– amcno mkiTxvels 1907 wlis 9 noembers rubrikiT àxali ambavi~ (isari 1907g:2).

amasTan, gazeTi im droisTvis ucnobi leqtoris biografiidan ramdenime

informaciasac awvdis sazogadoebas: `gr. robaqiZe sul 26-27 wlis axalgazrdaa,

leipcigis universitetSi man specialurad Seiswavla filosofia. Semdeg

germanul enaze germaniis sxvadasxva qalaqebSi waikiTxa ramdenime leqcia. SarSan

Semodgomaze igi leqtorad miiwvies parizSi rusul umaRles saswavlebelSi,

sadac kiTxulobda leqciebs Semdeg Temebze: 1. kritika istoriul materializmisa

da 2. socialuri sistema lavrovisa da mixailovskisa~ (isari 1907d:2). gazeTi

ìsari~ aRniSnavs imasac, rom saqarTvelosken momavalma gr. robaqiZem odesaSic

waikiTxa leqcia, leqtors ganzraxuli hqonda Tbilisis Semdeg moskovsa da

petergurgsac wveoda Tavisi leqciebiT, Semdeg ki kvlav evropaSi dabrunebuliyo.

imdroindeli presis Seswavla cxadyofs, rom grigol robaqiZe ganzraxulze

bevrad didxans darCa saqarTveloSi da Zalze nayofieri saleqcio moRvaweoba

daiwyo. rac Seexeba sazRvargareT leqciebis wakiTxvas, Cvens mier Seswavlil

Jurnal-gazeTebSi amaze araferia naTqvami (gr. robaqiZe saqarTveloSi iseTi

intensivobiT kiTxulobda leqciebs, sxva qveynebSi mogzaurobis dro arc

darCeboda), Tu ar CavTvliT `saxalxo gazeTis~ erT cnobas: 23 marts baqoSi,

qarTuli skolis darbazSi grigol robaqiZe waikiTxavs leqcias Temaze ìlia

WavWavaZe da misi Semoqmedeba~ (saxalxo gazeTi 1913a:2). es iyo 1913 wels, xolo 1907

14

wlis 18 noembers daniSnuli pirveli leqciis Temad, gazeT ìsris~ cnobiT,

leqtors aurCevia èrovnuli idea filosofiuri idealizmis SexedulebiT~ (isari

1907e:2). CvenTvis ucnob mizezTa gamo leqcia ramdenime dRiT, 21 noembramde

gadaido (isari 1907v:3). gazeTma ìsarma~ mkiTxvels leqciis programa gaacno.

punqtebad CamoTvlili TezisebiT irkveva, rom leqtori erTmaneTs upirispirebda

universalizmisa da individualizmis Teoriebs (iqve ganmartebulia, rom

universalizmi erovnebis nacvlad kacobriobas ayenebs win, individualizmi ki –

adamians). misi azriT, aucilebeli iyo orive Teoriis sinTezi platonis ìdeaTa

TeoriaSi~. grigol robaqiZe auditorias umtkicebda, rom erovnebis uaryofa ar

SeiZleba da rom igi ùniversalur organizmis – kacobriobis idealuri

elementia~ (isari 1907z:3-4).

pirveli leqcia gr. robaqiZem rusulad waikiTxa, 9 dekembers ki igive leqcia

qarTul enaze moasmenina auditorias (isari 1907T:3). sagulisxmoa is faqti, rom

leqciis ganmeorebiT wakiTxva leqtorisTvis sauniversiteto sazogadoebas

uTxovia. rogorc Cans, man pirvelive leqciiT miipyro yuradReba.

grigol robaqiZem 1907 wlis dekemberSi meore leqciac waikiTxa. Tbilisis

sakrebulos darbazSi gamarTuli sajaro leqciis organizatori yofila

axladdaarsebuli literaturuli wre ìkarosi~, romlis wevradac iTvleboda gr.

robaqiZe, gazeT ìsris~ cnobiT (isari 1907i:3). leqciis wina dRes kidev erTxel

daibeWda anonsi, xolo 7 dekembers gamoqveynda gamoxmaureba leqciaze

`platonidan soloviovamde~.

ucnobi avtoris sityviT, evropaSi modad iyo qceuli laparaki mecnierebis

krizisze, rasac filosofiisadmi interesis gacxoveleba, mistikasa da saberZneTis

miTologiaSi CaRrmaveba mohyva. misi azriT, misticizmi, romelsac igi èvropis

filosofiuri TviTSegnebis saxiCar formas~ uwodebs, gonebrivad CamorCenil

sazogadoebaSi ikidebs fexs myarad. magaliTad mohyavs ruseTi, sadac mistikos

soloviovs mravali mimdevari gamouCnda. grigol robaqiZe rom `platonisa da

soloviovis mistikur moZRvrebaTa mosarCleT gamovida~, avtori SeSfoTda –

rogorc Cans, saqarTveloSic mkvidrdeba misticizmio. misTvis bundovani aRmoCnda

leqcia. gr. robaqiZis mosasmenad Sekrebilma mravalricxovanma auditoriamac

veraferi gaugo `rTul da nislian~ moZRvrebas, magram mainc kmayofili darCa,

raki `mistikuri samefo~ ixilao, – ironia moiSvelia avtorma da skeptikuri

werili saxarebidan moxmobili sityvebiT daasrula: `netar arian morwmuneni...”

(isari 1907k: 3).

v. soloviovi (1856-1900) – rusi filosofosi, poeti da literaturis kritikosi, romlis gavlenac bevrma simbolistma ganicada.

15

mimoxilva xelmouwerlad daibeWda. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom masSi

redaqciis Tvalsazrisia gadmocemuli. CvenTvis es publikacia sayuradReboa

imdenad, ramdenadac grigol robaqiZis leqciisadmi pirveli uaryofiTi

gamoxmaurebaa.

1908 wlis noemberSi gazeTi `droeba~ rubrikiT àkakis iubilei~ aqveynebda

poetis Semoqmedebis ormocdaaTi wlis iubilesTan dakavSirebul masalebs.

GgazeTis meSvide nomerSi swored am rubrikaSi Cndeba robaqiZis saxeli: `tf.

administraciam neba darTo qarTul sityva-kazmul mwerlobis sazogadoebis

gamgeobas gamarTos qarTul enaze leqcia tf. saartisto sazogadoebis sadgomSi.

leqtorad miwveulia g. robaqiZe, romelic waikiTxavs leqcias mgosnis akakis

mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb qarTvelTa kulturul cxovrebaSi~ (droeba 1908b:2).

Lleqciis zust TariRs gazeTi `droeba~ 2 dekembers atyobinebs mkiTxvels:

`qarTul sityva-kazmul mwerlobis sazogadoebis gamgeobis iniciativiT, leqtori

gr. robaqiZe xuTSabaTs, 4 dekemers, tf. saartisto sazogadoebis sakoncerto

darbazSi waikiTxavs leqcias akaki wereTlis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb~ (droeba

1908g:1).

4 dekembers daibeWda patara publikacia `dRevandel leqciis Sesaxeb~.

àxalgazrda leqtori~, _ ase ixsenebs avtori grigol robaqiZes. sul cota xanSi

sityva `leqtors~ siamis tyupiviT moucileblad daerTvis `cnobili~.

TavisTavad cxadia, rom leqcia akakize mis saiubileo dReebSi

gansakuTrebulad sayuradRebo da damainteresebeli iqneboda. farTo sazogadoeba

leqtorTan erTad kidev erTxel gadaavlebda Tvals poetis Semoqmedebas, axali

kuTxiT dainaxavda mas. gr. robaqiZis leqcia originaluri iqneba, Taviseburi da

sagulisxmoo, _ amobobs b., zemoT naxsenebi werilis avtori da leqciis

programaze dayrdnobiT ganagrZobs: `b-n robaqiZis azriT, akaki qarTvelobis

geniis gamomxatvelia, magram ara Segnebuli, aramed stiqiuri... akakis poeziaSi

Tavmoyrilia yovelive is, rac Tanamedrove qarTvelobis sulier mdgomareobas

Seadgens. magram es mdgomareoba gonebis mier sastikis sisworiT daxazul yalibSi

ki ar Camoisxmis, aramed bunebrivad da stiqiurad gadmosCqefs akakis poeziaSi~

(droeba 1908d:3).

didi mwerlis Semoqmedebis gasagebad filosofiuri safuZvelia saWiro. erTi

poetis nawarmoebebi sxvadasxva kritikosma SeiZleba sxvadasxva TvalsazrisiT

gaiTvaliwinos, sxvadasxva azri gamoTqvan, magram `TiToeuli kritikosi axal-

axal mSvenierebas aRmoaCens mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Tavis msjelobas igi

cxovrebis siRrmeSi Rrmad Camxedav msoflio Tvalsazriss daabjens. uimisod

kritikosi mkiTxvelis STabeWdilebaTa ubralo ReWvas ver gascdeba~ (droeba

1908e:3-4), _ wers ucnobi avtori.

16

grigol robaqiZe, cxadia, `STabeWdilebaTa ubralo EReWvas~ ar daiwyebda,

sakuTari msoflmxedvelobidan gaanalizebda akakis Semoqmedebas, magram

sakiTxavia, sazogadoebisTvis ramdenad misaRebi SeiZleboda yofiliyo mistikosis

naazrevi. `b-n robaqiZis mistikuri msoflmxedveloba SeiZleba simarTled ar

migaCndeT, magram advilad SesaZlebelia, es msoflmxedveloba ise farTod da ise

kargad hxsnides akakis poeziis mSvenierebaTa kars, rogorc es jer verc erTs

kritikoss ver mouxerxebia~ (droeba 1908v:4).

avtoris azriT, Zalze saintereso unda yofiliyo robaqiZis mier akakisa da

ilias, akakisa da rusTavels, akakisa da puSkins Soris gavlebuli paralelebi.

sazogadoebas kidev ufro daainteresebda leqciis bolo nawili, romelic

qarTuli kulturis istoriaSi akakis mniSvnelobas gamokveTda.

cota qvemoT Cven SevexebiT akakisa da ilias, akakisa da puSkins Soris

gavlebul paralelebs, romlebic mogvianebiT daibeWda.

leqcia akakis Sesaxeb gr. robaqiZes rusuladac waukiTxavs Zmebi

zubalaSvilebis saxalxo saxlSi 6 dekembers (droeba 1908z: 2). ver getyviT,

rusulenovani auditoria ramdenad iyo dainteresebuli meti Seetyo cnobil

poetze, is ki SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom qarTulad wakiTxul leqcias xalxi mravlad

daswrebia. `leqcia mSvenieri iyo, unaklulo oratoruli qmnileba; SinaarsiTac

saintereso da mdidari~ (droeba 1908T:2). rogorc vxedavT, leqciam xazi gausva

robaqiZis oratorul niWsa da mis rudunebas formisa da Sinaarsis

srulqmnisaTvis. `droeba~ sasurvelad miiCnevda leqciis dabeWdvas, raTa akakis

Sesaxeb arsebuli Raribi literatura gamdidrebuliyo. dRes bevrgan SexvdebiT

gr. robaqiZis broSuras àkakis qnari~.

`droebaSive~ rubrikiT àkakis iubilei~ daibeWda mimoxilva _ `presa akakis

iubileize~. Uucnobi avtori saubrobs àlze~, `savaWro gzaze~, `faskunjze~. didi

adgili eTmoba grigol robaqiZis sayuradRebo werils àkakis buneba~, romelic

mTlianad aris gadmobeWdili almanaxidan àkakis dRe saqarTveloSi~.

`metad rTulia akakis buneba: masSi idumal arian xlarTulni misi pirovneba

da misi Semoqmedeba...

akakis buneba qarTvelebis bedis natexia. yoveli eri warmoadgens sulier

realobas. idea platonisa, monada laibnicisa, igi xorcieldeba, ese igi,

viTardeba, sruldeba, istorias ganicdis. am procesSi igi Tvals ixsnis, cnobas

aRwevs, enas idgams, metyvelebas iRebs. es aris eris pirveli dabadeba~ (droeba

1908i: 4), _ wers grigol robaqiZe.

magram SeiZleba ers isev mieZinos _ Tvali daebindos, cnoba daekargos, ena

dauClungdes. Zili SeiZleba, xangrZlivi aRmoCndes, magram eri isev iRviZebs,

17

Tvals xelaxla axels, cnobiereba da metyveleba ubrundeba. es eris meored

dabadebaa.

grigol robaqiZes es yvelaferi akakis bunebis asaxsnelad sWirdeba.

sagulisxmo paraleli: akaki da puSkini (aRsaniSnavia, rom jer kidev 1896 wels

niko nikolaZem akakisa da puSkinis poeziis erTgvarovanebaze pirvelad isaubra

gazeT `novoe obozrenieSi~).

puSkini misTvis rusobis “pirveli dabadebis” Svilia, akaki ki _ qarTvelobis

meored dabadebis.

puSkini _ dilis, akaki ki saRamos bindisas gamoCnda.

puSkinamde, gr. robaqiZis azriT, rusTa suli mzes grZnobda mxolod,

unaxavad grZnobda da puSkinic mis brwyinvale amosvlas eloda. akakimde

qarTvelobis suls mze nanaxi hyavda da akakic mis meore amosvlas sevdianad

moeloda.

avtoris mtkicebiT, puSkinamde rusTa Zala barbarosobaSi iyo mxolod

nacadi, puSkinis Semdeg miiqcia Tavi kulturisaken; saqarTveloSi ki akakimdec

iyo kultura Zlier ganviTarebuli, mas mxolod unda ganegrZo es tradicia.

puSkini _ axaldabadebuli xalxis pirveli sityva.

akaki _ gaRviZebuli xalxis meore sityva.

puSkini laRi Semoqmedia, akaki ki _ mwuxare. Tu puSkinis Cangi mReroda,

radgan mis muzas bevri ram axarebda, akakis stviri mosTqvamda da tiroda,

radgan misi muza naRvliani iyo, erTi ram awuxebda gamudmebiT, erTi motivi

gasdevda.

es èrTi ram~ xsnis akakis bunebas. igi qarTvelebis tragizmis matarebelia.

avtoris azriT, akakis bunebaSi qarTvelobis mebrZoli suli gansaxierda.

àmisaTvis misi pirovneba qarTvelTa saxis msxverplad iqca. aq aris Camarxuli

saidumloeba akakis pirovnebisa da mis Semoqmedebisa: akaki namdvili pirovnebaa

mxolod maSin, roca hqmnis~ (droeba 1908k:4). am saidumlos axsnas avtori momavals

andobs. akakis bunebaze saubrisas ikveTeba, rom grigol robaqiZisTvis akaki

mxolod poeti ki ara, `qarTvelobis idumali Tanmetyveli saxea~. qarTvlis bedi

am saxis gamocnobasac ukavSirdeba.

akakize leqciis wasakiTxavad robaqiZe quTaisSi miiwvies, 12 dekembers

`droeba~ mkiTxvelebs amcnobs TariRsa da adgils _ 13 dekemberi, quTaisis

Teatri. aqvea cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom gr. robaqiZe imxanad muSaobda vrcel

referatze SoTa rusTavelis Sesaxeb (droeba 1908l: 2).

am droisaTvis akakic quTaisSia, _ qalaqi mis iubiles zeimobs.

grigol robaqiZis leqcia quTaiselebsac Zalian moswonebiaT (droeba 1908m:2).

18

es informaciebi da werilebi, rogorc aRvniSneT, qveyndeboda rubrikiT

àkakis iubilei~. 1908 wlis `droebaSi~ gr. robaqiZe mxolod am iubilesTan

dakavSirebiT Cans. akakisTan erTad Semdgomac erTi-orjer gaielvebs robaqiZis

saxeli, amjerad _ gazeT `kolxidaSi~.

1912 wlis ivlisSi akaki raWa-leCxumSi samogzaurod emzadeba.

`kolxidasTvis~ ucnobebiaT, rom grigol robaqiZisaTvis SeuTavazebiaT, Tan

gahyoloda mxcovan mgosans da mis Sesaxeb leqciebi waekiTxa (kolxida 1912a:2).

oriod kviraSi ki gazeTi poetis Tanmxlebebs asaxelebs: `Temis~ redaqtori

grigol diasamiZe, mxatvari kote qavTaraZe, akakis Zmiswuli vasil wereTeli da

sxv. (kolxida 1912b:2). CvenTvis ucnobi mizezebis gamo grigol robaqiZe am siaSi ar

Cans.

akakis mipatiJeba gurulebsac gadauwyvetiaT, ocdaTxuTmeti kacisgan

Semdgari komisiac SeuqmniaT da akakize leqciis wasakiTxavad gr. robaqiZis

miwvevac ganuzraxavT (kolxida 1912g:2). Semdgom movlenebze `kolxida~ arafers

aRniSnavs.

samiode wlis Semdeg akaki `sulikos~ mosmeniT gardaicvleba.

misi bunebisa da Semoqmedebis Tayvanismcemeli gr. robaqiZe

gamosamSvidobebel sityvaSi, romelic gazeT `TemSi~ daibeWda, aRniSnavs: `raRac

qedmaRali da Tan ubraloa is, rom qarTveli eri micvalebuls mgosans mxolod

saxeliT mimarTavs: akaki. Soreul droTa gamoZaxili unda iyos es movlena, roca

yoveli Semoqmedi Svili iyo namdili xalxisa da xalxic Svils mxolod saxeliT

Tu uxmobda. aseTi Svilia akaki qarTveli erisa~ (Temi 1915a: 1).

aq ver naxavT mwuxarebis gamomxatvel sityvebs, verc paTetikur

damSvidobebas, da mainc, TviT saTqmelis kilo, mSvidi da ucremlo, tkivils

gagrZnobinebs, avtoris mier gancdils.

akaki xalxis mgosania, xalxuri momReralia. magram xalxuroba orgvaria.

àris xalxuroba, roca xalxi Txzavs da Svili mReris: aseTi xalxuroba

primitiulia, sada, ubralo; akakis xalxuroba sxvanairia. igi hqmnis TviTon da

xalxi iTvisebs: aseTi xalxuroba stiqionuria, Rrma, rTuli... igi cnaurebaa

xalxis potenciisa (SesaZloebisa), misi Sina-mxarisa~ (Temi 1915b: 2).

grigol robaqiZesTan Sesisxlxorcebuli miTi kvlavac iCens Tavs. misTvis

poezia miTis mqnelobaa. akakis poetur qmnilebebs Tamari gasdevs miTad.

`namdvili mgosnobac swored es aris _ warmoSva `miTiuri~ (anu `musikaluri~

farTod) gancda~ (Temi 1915g: 2).

musikalobas Tu vaxsenebT, an ki vin Seedreba akakis. Ggrigol robaqiZe

sagulisxmo wamebs ixsenebs: erTxel sastumroSi, gverdiTi oTaxidan moesma Turme

akakis metyveleba, simReris msgavsi, romelSic sityvebs ver gaarCevdiT. Semdeg

19

gaugia, rom es `Cveuli wamia akakis STagonebisa: jer musikaluri gul-neba,

Semdgom _ poeturi idea. akaki savse iyo STagonebis al-nakaduliT, da, rogorc

gadmogvcemen, xSirad unda amdgariyo RamiT mTvareulsaviT da SemoqmedebaSi

`daecala~ igi nakaduli~ (Temi 1915d: 2).

akakis poeziis stiqiurobaze, bunebriobaze saubrobda grigol

robaqiZe yovelTvis, leqciasa Tu werilSi. roca paralels avlebda

akakisa da ilias Semoqmedebas Soris, aRniSnavda, rom pirvelis

poezia bunebrivad modis, meores ki `xelovnurad damuSaveba~

sWirdeba. akaki msubuqia, ilia _ mZime. Mmisi sityviT, akaki qmnis da

ar cdilobs, ilia cdilobs da qmnis.

akakis leqsis forma da Sinaarsi ganuyrelia. simbolo da azri imdenad

erTiania, rom mkiTxvels xSirad Sinaarsi ecotaveba, mxolod lamaz formas

xedavs.

ilias leqsSi ki forma da Sinaarsi cal-calke dgas, mkiTxvels ara formis

silamaze, aramed azris siRrme xiblavs.

àkakim azri formaSi gaadida da miT idea da saxe ganuyrel, magram

gansxvavebul hqmna, iliam azri formaSi ase Rrmad ver Camoasxa da miT idea da

saxe gansxvavebul hqmna, magram ganuyreli vera~ (Temi 1915e:2).

presa saSualebas iZleva Tvali gavadevnoT gr. robaqiZis, rogorc leqtoris,

moRvaweobas. mis leqciebs Tan sdevda aRtaceba, didi gamoxmaureba, polemika.

1909 wlis 9 oqtombers `droeba~ mkiTxvelebs acnobebs, rom 20 oqtombers

qarTul TeatrSi SesaZlebloba eqnebaT, moisminon leqcia _ `sulieri drama

nikoloz baraTaSvilisa~ (droeba 1909b:3).

magram leqcia ramdenime dRis dagvianebiT, 24 oqtombers moismines. `droeba~

programas aqveynebs. Sesavlis Semdeg leqtori mxatvris or tipze isaubrebs, _

acnobebs gazeTi mkiTxvels, _ mxatvris anu xelovanis erTi tipi sxvadasxva saxed

iqceva, raTa maTSi cxovelyos sakuTari saxe, meore ki sakuTari saxes xsnis, rom

sxvadasxva saxed aqcios. nikoloz baraTaSvili poetTa am meore tips ekuTvnis,

`misi poeturi Semoqmedeba misi sulieri dramaa~ (droeba 1909g:4).

paraleli gaivleba SeqspirTan da baironTan.

pirvelive nawilSi gamoikveTeba baraTaSvilis poeziis mTavari motivi, _wers

`droeba~. leqtori poetis Semoqmedebas Taris xmas adarebs, rogorc warsulis

amokvnesas... maradiulis SegrZneba da warmavalze fiqri...

leqciis meore nawili Seexeba poetis mcdelobas _ ipovos xsna siyvarulSi.

`siyvaruli misTvis uzenaesi msxverplia. sxeuleba da suliereba siyvarulSi.

20

baraTaSvili sqesuri siyvarulis sferaSi xedavs imav warmavlobas, imav amaoebas,

_ da sulieri drama misi Rrmavdeba~(droeba 1909d:4).

poeti marto rCeba (`suli oboli~). Svelas amjerad bunebisgan moelis.

megobrobs mtkvarTan da mTawmindasTan.

programis Tanaxmad, mesame nawilSi leqtori isaubrebda imaze, rom buneba

ver Svelis gandevnil suls. is kvlav marto rCeba. mxolod religias SeuZlia

misi xsna. leqciis Tanaxmad, es erTgvari bunebrivi cdilebaa... baraTaSvils

amaoeba gapirovnebuli saxiT evlineba (`sulo boroto~). amaoeba awvalebs poets

Semoqmedebis procesSic ki (`vpove taZari~).

sabolood, `baraTaSvilis suliskveTeba mis sasos warkveTad iqceva. igi

moswyda msoflios da ufskrulSi unda STainTqas. am Tavismkvlelobis win igi

uxmobs Tavis poetur fantazias, Tavis merans, rom qvesknelSi gadafrindes~

(droeba 1909e:4).

daskvnaSi _ baraTaSvili da qarTveloba.

programa monaxazebiT gvixatavs mTeli leqciis mimarTulebas da imdenad

zustad aris gadmocemuli, rom warmomdgenis vinaobaze gvafiqrebs. programas

xelmowera ar axlavs, magram cxadia, rom jer armosmenili leqciis mimdinareobas

ase dawvrilebiT sxva veravin gaacnobda mkiTxvels, Tu ara Tavad leqtori.

Jurnal `faskunjSi~ daibeWda mcire nawyveti robaqiZis leqciidan, sadac igi

baraTaSvilis Semoqmedebas adarebs Taris xmas, warsulidan amonakvness.

`mogismeniaT Tari? ho, mogismeniaT uTuod da kidec damwvarxarT! raRac

saidumlebaSia Svebuli misi matyvevebeli xma: axlo usmenT da SoriT ki mogesmiT~

(robaqiZe 1910a:76).

Taris xmas gahyvebiT Sors da hkargavT sivrces, hkargavT dros, hkargavT

xmebs.

mxolod dumili.

dumili irgvliv.

dumili TqvenSi.

xvdebiT, sxvagan xarT, sxva qveyanaSi.

ès sxva droa, saukune mobrunebuli, warsuli aRdgenili... guli sagules

xeTqavs. Tari ki ganagrZobs: mosTqvams da tiris...~ (robaqiZe 1910b: 76).

Tqven gesmiT sevda im qarTa, nangrevebs rom gadauqrola. Tqven grZnobT

saukuneTa kaeSans.

Ggr. robaqiZis sityviT, es TiTqos musika ki ara, dakarguli melodiaa,

sadRac tyveqmnili da axla gaTavisuflebuli.

dabolos, oblis sulis daleva...

21

ìgi uxmobs mSobels musikas, daeZebs dedas, magram ver naxulobs da sulsa

levs oboli!..~ (robaqiZe 1910g:76).

Cven SegviZlia, warmovidginoT mTeli leqciis mxatvruli Rirseba am patara

nawyvetis mixedviT; zustad mignebuli da aferadebuli SedarebebiT vigrZnobT,

rom baraTaSvilis poezia Taris xmaa, is xma, romelic iqneb arc mogvismenia,

magram mainc Cagvesmis.

im dRes ki, roca leqcia iyo daniSnuli, `droeba~ Seaxsenebs mkiTxvels,

robaqiZe saintereso qarTul leqcias waikiTxavso. amasTan, xazs usvams, rom

leqtori axal sityvas ityoda jerac saTanadod daufasebeli didi poetis

Semoqmedebaze. gazeTi imazec miuTiTebs, rom ivane gomarTeli sazogadoebas

gaacnobs poetis biografias (droeba 1909v:3).

grigol robaqiZis leqcias arCil jorjaZe gamoexmaura. Mmisi vrceli

werili im axlo warsulis gaxsenebiT iwyeba, roca qarTveli sazogadoeba poezias

saTanadod ar afasebda da Seqspiris dramebs karg waRas arCevda. dro gavida da

sazogadoebam sityvis fasi igrZno, SeZlo ramdenime saaTis ganmavlobaSi

yuradRebiT moesmina leqcia. Aauditoriis, ase vTqvaT, momzadebaSi erT-erTi

mTavari roli, udavod, grigol robaqiZem Seasrula. rac Seexeba leqcias

baraTaSvilis Sesaxeb, misiT rCeuli qarTuli sazogadoebis dainteresebas, arCil

jorjaZe ori mizeziT xsnis _ leqciis TemiTa da Tavad leqtoriT. Aavtoris

sityviT, grigol robaqiZe is niWieri adamiania, `romelic dRemde gamoucnobeli

rCeba qarTvel sazogadoebisaTvis, gamoucnobeli mistikur filosofiis wyalobiT,

romelsac aRiarebs igi~ (droeba 1909z:1).

grigol robaqiZis Tvalsazrisis mimoxilvamde arCil jorjaZe ivane

gomarTelis gamosvlas exeba. BbaraTaSvilis melanqoliis mizezad i. gomarTels

imdroindeli saqarTvelos unugeSo socialur-politikuri mdgomareoba

dausaxelebia: saqarTvelo politikurad, praqtikulad, aRar arsebobda, visi

imedic hqonda, gaucruvda... erovnuli cxovreba dakninda. idealebs moklebuli

sazogadoeba jer sasowarkveTilebas mieca, Semdeg ki udardel cxovrebas. ivane

gomarTelis azriT, swored am viTarebiT iyo gamowveuli nikoloz baraTaSvilis

pesimizmi. arCil jorjaZe fiqrobda, rom mistikosi robaqiZe gomarTelis

realizms SeewinaaRmdegeboda, magram misi molodini ar gamarTlda. Tumca, sanam

am sakiTxs mimovixilavT, saWirod migvaCnia aRvniSnoT, rom gamoxmaurebis avtori

leqciis pirveli nawiliT nasiamovnebi ver darCenila, raki leqtors aRelveba ver

dauokebia da paTetikurad usaubria.

Cven mier aqamde mimoxilul masalebSi es iyo robaqiZis, rogorc oratoris

mimarT gamoTqmuli pirveli ukmayofileba. magram igi sakuTar Tavs ar apatiebda,

Tuki mRelvarebas ver dasZlevda da Tavis oratorul niWs Crdils miayenebda.

22

leqciis meore da mesame nawilSi igi sazogadoebas wardgomia, rogorc `namdvili

artisti~ da Tavisi sityvis batoni, romlisTvisac Zalian ioli iyo,

gaeerTianebina auditoria, Seekra, erTi azriT gaemsWvala da miemxro.

rogorc aRvniSneT, arCil jorjaZe grigol robaqiZisgan gomarTelis

TvalsazrisTan dapirispirebas moeloda. igi gakvirvebas gamoTqvams imis gamo, rom

gr. robaqiZesac baraTaSvilis Semoqmedebisa da sulieri dramis mizezad

sazogadoebrivi garemo, warsuli didebis naSTTa xilva dausaxelebia da

magaliTad elada mouyvania: ras unda grZnobdes Tanamedrove saberZneTSi yovel

nabijze warsuli didebis nangrevebis mxilveli adamiani?! `warsuli aRviZebs

romantiul grZnobas maradisobisa, awmyo _ saSinels fiqrs cxovrebis amaoebisa~

(droeba 1909T:1).

grigol robaqiZis azriT, `grZnoba maradiulisa” da warmavalze fiqri aris

baraTaSvilis lirikis mTavari motivi, magram a. jorjaZisTvis miuRebelia

social-politikuri problemis maradisobisa da amaoebis fenomenTan dakavSireba.

Ggamodis, rom pesimizmi da maradiulis Zieba mxolod maSin iCens Tavs, roca

politikuri wyobileba sakmaris safuZvels iZleva. AaseT SemTxvevaSi, arCil

jorjaZis sityviT, gaugebari iqneboda Zlieri da amayi britaneTis Svilis, Selis

poezia, romelSic, baraTaSvilis Semoqmedebis msgavsad, Rrma sevda da

`sazRvardadebul bunebis gadalaxvis~ survili Cans. `politikuri

damoukidebloba, gind socializmis damyareba ver daaSoSminebs adamianis guls,

individualobiT Seviwroebuls, sikvdilis winaSe mdgomares da am sikvdilis

daTrgunvis surviliT Sepyrobils~ (droeba 1909i:2), _ wers avtori.

AarCil jorjaZe xazs usvams sikvdilisadmi adamianebis sxvadasxvagvar

damokidebulebas. Cven, Cveulebriv mokvdavT, sikvdili ar gvaSinebs, erTi brZenis

naTqvamis ar iyos, adamianebi imiT vinugeSebT Tavs, rom sanam Cven varT, sikvdili

ar arsebobs da rodesac sikvdili modis, Cven aRara viqnebiT.Mmagram poetebs es

yovelive ar akmayofilebT. Aamdenad, avtoris sityviT, nikoloz baraTaSvilis wva,

maradisobis Zebna da cxovrebis amaoebis SecnobiT gamowveuli sasowarkveTa, ar

SeiZleba, mxolod social-politikur mdgomareobaze yofiliyo dafuZnebuli, es

poetis erTgvari filosofiuri midrekilebiT da misi `liris estetiuris

RrmaCaxedulebiT~ iyo gamowveuli. am sakiTxs, arCil jorjaZis azriT, leqtorma

sakmarisi naTeli ver mohfina da sazogadoebas Seuqmna STabeWdileba, TiTqos

baraTaSvilis liris motivebi mxolod politikuri damoukideblobis dakargviT

iyos nakarnaxevi.

a. jorjaZes sagulisxmod miaCnia ilia WavWavaZis mosazreba, romlis

mixedviTac, kacobriobis sevda isaa, rom eZebs da ver poulobs. Ziebaze gr.

robaqiZesac usaubria leqciis meore da mesame nawilebSi, romlebic, arCil

23

jorjaZis TqmiT, Seudarebeli analiziT yofila gamorCeuli. Lleqtoris azriT,

`meranSi~ ixateba sasowarkveTa poetisa, romelmac nugeSi versad hpova, _ verc

siyvarulSi, verc bunebaSi, verc religiaSi. Mmsofliosgan mowyvetili

baraTaSvili ufskrulSi CanTqmamde Tavis poetur fantazias, Tavis merans uxmobs.

ilia WavWavaZe ki `meranSi~ bedisadmi omis gamocxadebas, zekacobisadmi

miswrafebas xedavs. am mosazrebisken ixreba arCil jorjaZec, AamasTan, iSveliebs

geronti qiqoZis sityvebsac, romelTa Tanaxmadac, `merani~ sakuTar TavTan

brZolas, Caucxrobel tragikul konfliqts asaxavs.

miuxedavad imisa, rom im drois erT-erTi yvelaze saintereso moazrovne

zogierT sakiTxSi ar daeTanxma axalgazrda leqtors, mainc madlobas uxdis mas,

radgan, misi azriT, aseTi leqciebi Zalian mniSvnelovania qarTuli

literaturisTvis. `sasiamovnoa, rom gamoCnda kaci, romelic kargis, mkafio

gamosaxulis eniT esaubreba sazogadoebas poeziis da xelovnebis Sesaxeb.

sasiamovnoa, rom CvenSi gaCnda ukve imgvari kategoria, romlisTvisac sainteresoni

xdebian cxovrebisa da xelovnebis Rrma problemebi. am saqmeSi grigol robaqiZes

didi Rvawli miuZRvis da madlobis meti ara eTqmis ra~ (droeba 1909k:2).

Ggrigol robaqiZec madlierebiT gamoexmaura miukerZoebel kritikas,

romelSic saerTo STabeWdilebis gadmocemasTan erTad leqciis av-kargi iyo

mimoxiluli mozomili eniT... robaqiZem arCil jorjaZis es werili kritikuli

recenziis nimuSad miiCnia, radgan pirad simpaTia-antipaTias, pirad grZnobebs ki

ara, analizs eyrdnoboda: “naklis Cveneba sawyeni araa, radgan arc srulia

aravin. magram igi Cveneba unda iyos siyvaruliT gamowveuli da ara Suriani

mZulvarebiT~ (droeba 1909l:2)

imis Tqma, TiTqos mxolod politikuri damoukideblobis dakargvas SeeZlo,

warmoeSva baraTaSvilis lirikis motivebi, robaqiZes, rogorc Cans, arc ufiqria.

azris amgvar gagebas sakuTar danaSaulad miiCnevs imis gamo, rom mRelvareba ver

daioka. Semdgom ki, meore da mesame nawilSi dausrulebel azrs ver daubrunda,

radgan ar surda, leqciis mTlianoba darRveuliyo.

TqmiT ki amis Tqma surda: poeti da èrovnuli sxeuli” organulad arian

dakavSirebuli erTmaneTTan. yoveli mgosani individia, ganumeorebeli,

gansakuTrebuli, gancalkevebuli; mas sakuTari buneba aqvs, romelic sxvisgan ar

gamomdinareobs da arc sxvamde daiyvaneba. amis miuxedavad, igi ara Tu

mowyvetilia, aramed Sesxeulebulia msoflios. Tavis bunebas msoflios

gansazRvrul farglebSi Slis. aqedan robaqiZes poetis Semoqmedebis

gansaxilvelad ori kriteriumi gamohyavs: absoluturi da istoriuli.

àbsoluturi Tavlsazrisi faqtad aRniSnavs mgosnis bunebas, mis erTxel

movlenilsa da ganumeorebels individualobas; istoriuli Tvalsazrisi

24

mizezebriv xsnis, Tu romel gansazRvrul wreSi mxildeba (da ara iqmoda) misi

buneba~ (droeba 1909m:3).

aseve ganixilavs baraTaSvilsac, romelic, grigol robaqiZis azriT, Tavisi

genialuri bunebiT win uswrebda Tanadroul qarTvelobas, magram, imave dros,

mTeli Tavisi arsebiT qarTvelobis, rogorc sulieri erTeulis, sxeuls

ekuTvnoda. TiTqos Znelia, amaSi ar daeTanxmo avtors, magram ioli aRmoCnda

jorjaZisTvis, rogorc cota qvemoT vnaxavT.

grigol robaqiZe imeorebs, rom warsuli maradisobis romantikul grZnobas

aRviZebs, awmyo ki aRZravs sasowarmkveT fiqrs cxovrebis amaoebis Sesaxeb

(xazs usvams sityvas àRviZebs~ da ara `qmnis~, rogorc jorjaZem CaTvala). amasTan,

leqtors saqarTvelos dacemaSi qarTvelTa SemoqmedebiTi Zalis dasusteba,

daRla, daqancva ugulisxmia da ara socialur-politikuri viTareba. am

SemTxvevaSi mTavari swored kulturuli daRmasvlaa da socialuri mdgomareoba,

Tumca es saerTo viTarebis erT-erTi Semadgeneli nawilia.

`mcire ganmartebis~ pasuxSi arCil jorjaZem mkiTxvels Seaxsena Tavisi

Sexedulebebi, ras ambobda leqtori da raSi ar eTanxmeboda mas jorjaZe. moitana

vrceli citata robaqiZis ganmartebidan: poetisa da erovnuli sxeulis organuli

kavSiri, Semoqmedebis individualuri buneba, aRmoceneba erovnul niadagze da

Sesxeuleba msofliosTan... jorjaZisTvis naTeli gaxda, Tu risi Tqma undoda

leqtors magram miuRebeli aRmoCnda robaqiZiseuli ori kriteriumi: absoluturi

da istoriuli. Ppirveli imis gamo ar gaiziara, rom poetis SemoqmedebiTi niWis

absolutizmis mixedviT Sefaseba ver dauSva, magram aRiara meore kriteriumi _

istoriuli. masSi, jorjaZis azriT, unda unda Sediodes `rogorc materialuri

garemo (politikuri forma mmarTvelobisa da sawarmoo ZalTa urTierToba), ise

yovelive is, rac am garemos gareSea aRmocenebuli, xolo rasac poetis sulier

viTarebaze aqvs gavlena _ kacobriobaSi damkvidrebuli filosofiuri,

religiozuri da estetikuri azrebi~ (droeba 1909n:2).

arCil jorjaZisTvis pirovneba ar aris erTxel movlenili, ganumeorebeli

individi, romelic ara istoriuli, aramed absoluturi sazomiT unda izomebodes.

es iqneboda empiriul movlenaTa sazRvrebis gadacileba. Aavtori grZnobs, rom

istoriuli, empiriuli faqtorebi srulad ver xsnis poeziis problemur

sakiTxebs. saidumloebebi saidumloebebad rCeba. Aamis miuxedavad, ar aRiarebs

kvlevis robaqiZiseul, araempiriul sazoms, raime movlenis metafizikuri axsna

misTvis miuRebelia. Tavadve aRniSnavs, rom empiriul mecnierebas win xvdeba

zRudeebi, romelTa gadalaxvac jer-jerobiT ar SeuZlia, kiTxvebi, romelTac ver

pasuxobs. Dda mainc, a. jorjaZis azriT, adamianma metafizikas ar unda mimarTos _

es `racionalizmis sulmokleoba~ iqneba. Segvindos pativcemuli moRvawis sulma,

25

Tuki mis principulobas am SemTxvevisTvis Seufereblad CavTvliT. uari Tqva

problemis axsnis gzaze mxolod imitom, rom ar ginda daeTanxmo (arada, grZnob,

rom sworia), win gadadgmul nabijad ver CaiTvleba verc racionalizmsa da verc

iracionalizmSi. dimitri uznaZe amis Sesaxeb SeniSnavs: `jorjaZis Sexeduleba

simxdales icavs azrovnebaSi~ (droeba 1909o:3). AarCil jorjaZe, iqneb Tavisda

uneburad, iseT azrs gamoTqvams, romelic robaqiZis wisqvilze asxams wyals:

lirika empiriulad romc ganmarto, `mainc darCeba gamourkveveli erTi ram _

rTuli fsixiuri Semoqmedeba poetisa, darCeba gamourkveveli Semoqmedebis

saidumloeba da miswrafeba `maradiulisadmi~ da usazRvroebisadmi, romelic

poetis Semoqmedebis safuZvels Seadgens~ (droeba 1909p:2).

amis miuxedavad, kvlav uaryofs àbsolutur sazomebsa” da “ontologiur

argumentebs~. arCil jorjaZisTvis yovelive es saswaulis aRiarebiT Tavis xsna,

amouxsnel saidumloze fiqrisgan gaqcevaa. Tavad ki Tavisi empirizmiT vercerT

kiTxvas ver scems pasuxs. aseTi yofila adamianis bedi, Semoqmedebis saidumlo

amouxsneli rCebao, _ Civis. adamianma unda iRvawos am `tragikuli mdgomareobis~

dasaTrgunavad, magram aravin icis, es Rvawli gamarjvebamde miiyvans Tu ara.

grigol robaqiZem antimetafizikur Sexedulebas gverdi auara da masze

msjeloba `sxva droisTvis~ gadado, dimitri uznaZe ki jorjaZes SeewinaaRmdega

_ Tu misTvis metafizikuri azrovneba uZlurebis gamoaSkaravebaa, CvenTvis _

Zlierebis utyuari niSaniao. misi azriT, azrovnebidan metafizikis gaZeveba

adamianis filosofiuri sulis daqancvis niSania. amave dros, uznaZisTvis

miuRebelia robaqiZis Sexedulebac, radgan igi fsiqikis pasiurobis xarjze

garemos aniWebs prioritets da, amdenad, sakiTxsac ver wyvets. Lleqtoris mcdari

azrovnebis sawyisad dimitri uznaZe grigol robaqiZis mier aRiarebul `sulis

substancionalurad gagebas~ miiCnevs, romlis mixedviTac fsiqika substanciuria

da mxolod raimes zegavleniT xdeba aqtualuri. Aavtoris azriT ki, `fsixika

aqtualuria da ara substancionaluri, raic mxolod gareSe bunebaa, vinaidan es

ukanaskneli igiveobis, energiis igiveobis principzea damyarebuli. Ffsixika ki

Semoqmedebis principiT xasiaTdeba~ (droeba 1909J:4).

dimitri uznaze ar xsnis, raSi gamoixateba Semoqmedebis principi, amdenad,

debuleba, rom fsiqika aqtualuria da ara substanciuri, am SemTxvevaSi

daumtkicebeli rCeba.

avtori vrclad saubrobs sulis ormxrivobaze (igi erTdroulad aris

Semoqmedic da pasiuric). Ggaorebuli fsiqika or mowinaaRmdege mimdinareobas _

Semoqmed gonebasa da pasiur grZnobas moicavs. AadamianSi es ori mxare ibrZvis,

rac adamianis bunebis gardauvali dramaa. Dd. uznaZis azriT, genialur

26

adamianebis, Semoqmedebis arsebaSi aseTi dapirispireba Rrmavdeba, iseve rogorc

nikoloz baraTaSvilis SemTxvevaSi.

dimitri uznaZe darwmunebulia, rom baraTaSvilis poeziaze veranair

zegavlenas ver iqoniebda socialur-politikuri ukuRmarToba. mis sulier dramas

erTaderTi mizezi aqvs _ ìgi iltvis, rom Tavisi Semoqmedi suli Tavisi goneba

qmnil absolutis magier Seqmnil absolutad aqcios, mas surs gonebiT saWvreti

gaxados ganusazRvreli~ (droeba 1909r:4) (xazi aqac da Semdgomac avtorebs

ekuTvniT _ r. g.). amave dros, nikoloz baraTaSvils Tavisi Zlieri, Seupovari

grZnobebi akavSirebs `droulTan, warmavalTan, ucabedTan, nacadTan~ da zRudavs

sulis absolutad qmnisken ltolvas. maTi brZola sulieri dramis mizezi xdeba.

`merani _ es misi Semoqmedi, absoluturi sulia. meranis rbena, _ am sulis

ltolvaa dasrulebul absolutad iqces. Savi yorani _ is grZnebania, romelnic

ganuyrelad SekavSirebian imis suls. romelnic warmoadgenen gare bunebriv da

amitom droulsa da warmavals elements~ (droeba 1909s:4). maT ebrZvis poetis

Semoqmedis suli. baraTaSvilic sulis mxares dgas, misi gamarjveba surs, igi

grZnobebis monad ar gaxdis absolutur suls. ase esmis uznaZes baraTaSvilis

sityvebi: `Tu aqamomde ar emona mas, arc aw emonos Seni mxedari~.

poeti mieltvis sulis srul Tavisuflebas. leqsSi `SemoRameba mTawmnidaze~

sulis gaTavisuflebis gzas esTetikur tkbobaSi xedavs. Svebasac hpovebs, Tumca

xanmokles, wuTiers. magram esec didad mniSvnelovania, radgan cxads xdis, rom

Tavisufleba SesaZlebeli yofila.

Tu dimitri uznaZis mosazrebas gaviziarebT, uCveulo movlenis winaSe

aRmovCndebiT _ baraTaSvilis pesimizmi Tvalsa da xels Sua gagviqreba. misi

sityviT, poeti òptimisturad~ grZnobs, `rom gaTendeba dila mziani da yovels

bindsa is gananaTlebs~.

daskvnis saxiT uznaZe wers, rom baraTaSvilis suli èsTetiur tkbobis~

grZnobaTa Relvisagan ganmartovdeba. Mmisi mtkicebiT, swored ase unda gvesmodes

ganmartoebis problema sazogadod da, kerZod, baraTaSvilis poeziaSi da ara ise,

rogorc es grigol robaqiZes daxata Tavis `warmtac leqciaSi~.

dimitri uznaZis TqmiT, gr. robaqiZe Semoqmedisa da garemos urTierTobaSi

upiratesobas meores aZlevs _ substanciuri fsiqika garemos zegavleniT xdeba

aqtualuri. namdvilad ase fiqrobda Tu ara robaqiZe, SegviZlia, gavarkvioT misi

weriliT `Semoqmedi da garemo~, riTac upasuxa orive oponents _ arCil

jorjaZesac da dimitri uznaZesac.

Tavdapirvelad, moitana vrceli amonaridi Tavisi `mcire ganmartebidan~,

sadac saubrobda mgosnisa da erovnuli sxeulis organul kavSirze, poetis

individualizmze, amasTanave, msofliosTan Sesisxlxorcebaze, Semoqmedebis

27

Sefasebis absolutur da istoriul kriteriumebze. Semdeg aRniSnavs, Tu raSi

daeTanxmnen da raSi SeewinaaRmdegnen jorjaZe da uznaZe. arCil jorjaZis svlas

metafizikis winaaRmdeg ar daupirispira Tavisi Tvalsazrisi, _ sxva dros

ganvixilavo (Tumca, dapireba ar Seusrulebia), xolo Tavisi naazrevis uznaZiseul

araswor gagebaze sagangebod SeaCera yuradReba. werilSi grigol robaqiZe

ganmartavs, rom, misi azriT, substancia `TvisgniTve~ xdeba aqtualuri da ara

raimes zegavleniT. aq imaleba Semoqmedebis saidumlo. robaqiZisTvis garemo

farTo cnebaa. masSi erTiandeba yoveli arsi, maT Soris, yoveli Semoqmedi. am

mxriv, `garemo TviTon msoflioa, romelic kerZo individualobis mimarT droisa

da sivrcis sazRvrebSi garemdgomi gamodis~ (droeba 1909t:2). magaliTisTvis iRebs

àdamianis Secnobas (сознание)~. erTi SexedviT, is pirovnulia, kerZo. magram Tu

davukvirdebiT, mivxvdebiT, rom igi yovladia, universaluri. àdamianis Secnoba

msoflio funqciaa kacobrivis Secnobisa. azri da sityva sxeulebaa

universaluris Secnobisa; pirvelica da meorec gulisxmobs adamianTa fsixiur

erTobas. da es erToba is movlenaa, romelic transcendentalur Secnobad

isaxeba~ (droeba 1909u:2).

yoveli sulieri arseba `grZneulia~. igi sivrcis SegrZnebiT arCevs Tavis

`mes~ sxva sagnebisagan, drois SegrZnobiT ki sazRvravs Tavisi sulieri

mdgomareobis momentebs. TviTon `grZneuleba ki (Sinnlichkeit, чувственность)

universaluria, yovladi, kerZoobisa da pirovnulisagan gamouyvaneli. da am xriv,

sivrce da dro universaluri formebia kacobriulis grZneulebisa~ (droeba

1909f:2). asea kantis mixedviT _ sivrce da dro idealuria, `garna idealoba

sivrcisa da droisa srulebiT ar niSnavs maTs subieqtovobas, rogorc es

kants egona. piriqiT, Tu sivrce da dro universaluri formebia

grZneulebisa, maS, obieqturnic unda iyvnen isini~ (droeba 1909q:2). asea Tu

ise, adamianis Secnoba yovladis Secnobis msoflio funqciaao, _ imeorebs gr.

robaqiZe. `SecnobaSi~ igulisxmeba cnobiereba (сознание da ara сознавать) misi

meSveobiT, Cven SevicnobT garSemomyofT. sxva arsis realobis SecnobaSi

racionalizmi ver gviSvelis. `logiuris cnebisagan gamoiyvaneba mxolod

gonebrivi potencia da ara TviTon cxoveli da konkreti sinamdvile~(droeba

1909R:2). mxolod universalur Secnobas SeuZlia, dagvexmaros. msoflio SecnobiT

Cven iseve SevicnobT sxvaTa realobas, rogorc sakuTar sinamdviles.

sulieri arsi da garemo organulad erwymian erTmaneTs. isini erT ganuyrel

mTels warmoadgenen, amasTanve dapirispirebulT, radgan gansxvavebulni arian.

aseve iTqmis Semoqmedsa da garemoze. Semoqmedi uerTdeba msoflios da mis

garemoSi Slis Tavis individualobas. magaliTi _ sityva yovladi, universaluri.

28

Semoqmedi, rogorc `msoflio Secnobis~ nawili, Tavisuflad xmarobs mzad

daxvedril sityvas. ena garemos ekuTvnis, Semoqmedi am eniT gamoTqvams Tavis

`sulisTqmas~. es niSnavs, rom msoflios garemoSi Slis Tavis ganumeorebel

bunebas. Semoqmedi ise wvdeba da iTvisebs msoflios, rom mxatvrulad gaSlis mas,

rogorc sakuTars.

msoflio mxolod imiT ar ganisazRvreba, rac dRes aris, aramed imiTac, rac

unda iyos, rac iqneba momavalSi. am qmnis procesSi viTardeba, sruldeba,

ganviTarebis garkveuli safexurebi istoriul garemod iqceva. Semoqmedi mis

sazRvrebSia movlenili da ìstoriul amxilebs”, amJravnebs sakuTar vinaobas .

asea yovel qmnilebaSi. erTi miTi, zRapari, legenda, SeiZleba, mZlavri Tema

gaxdes mravali SemoqmedisTvis. amiT aixsneba is faqti, rom erTmaneTisgan droiTa

da sivrciT daSorebuli xalxi xSirad erTsa da imave miTologias qmnis.

magram, SeiZleba, gaCndes kiTxva: sad aris Semoqmedi, geniosi, romelic

gadalaxavs sazRvrebs? Semoqmedi Tavissave qmnilebaSia gansaxierebuli. amdenad,

yoveli Semoqmedi individia da ara, ase vTqvaT, sxvisgan miRebuli. misi

individualuroba mxatvrul qmnilebad Camoisxmeba. xelovani ganumeorebelia. SoTa

rusTaveli rom ar dabadebuliyo, cxadia, ar gveqneboda `vefxistyaosani~.

grigol robaqiZe saintersod xsnis istoriul sazRvrebSi momwyvdeuli

Semoqmedis SerTvas usazRvroebasTan. msoflios ganviTarebis istoriuli

safexurebi warmavalia. amis miuxedavad, maT `simboluri sinamdvile aqvT.

yoveli warmavali movlena idumal uCvenebs da uTiTebs dasrulebul

mTelisaken, maradiulis mxrisaken... Semoqmedi iRebs warmavalsa da mis simbolos

gviCvenebs. simbolo ideas sxeulia... Semoqmedi warmavals iRebs, magram ara

rogorc SemTxveviTs, aramed rogorc simbolur sinamdviles da am sinamdvileSi

igi sxavs ìdealurad-aucilebels~ (droeba 1909y:3).

Semoqmedebis mTeli filosofia ase mokled gadmosca gr. robaqiZem

xazgasmul sityvebSi, magram saubari amiT ar dausrulebia. warmavalis simbolur

sinamdviled gardaqmniT Semoqmedi drois sazRvrebs scildeba da msoflio

maradisobas uaxlovdeba. geniosi Tavisi pirovnuli sazRvrebidan gamodis da

msoflios mWvreteli cnobs mis mraval saidumlos. aseTi geniosia mindia.

realuri da idealuri samyaros arsebobas grigol robaqiZe tragizmis

mizezad miiCnevs. adamians ar akmayofilebs realuri, idealuri ki jer ar

ganxorcielebula. es winaaRmdegoba mas tanjavs, xolo mxatvrul saxeSi

Camosxmuli ideali, simboluri sinamdvile, uqarvebs tanjvas. avtoris azriT, aq

warmoiSoba tragedia, romelic xelovnebaSi asaxvis SemTxvevaSi TviT tanjvasac

ki siamovnebad agrZnobinebs adamians. es aris esTetikuri siamovneba. magram

29

rCeulni amiTac ar kmayofildebian. maT undaT ara ubralod Wvreta, aramed _

saqme, realobad qceuli simbolo. sxvaTa Soris, aq ibadeba religiuri ltolvac.

ase warmoudgenia grigol robaqiZes Semoqmedisa da garemos urTierToba.

eri sulieria. `bedi qarTlisas~ Semqmnels ar SeiZleboda, es ar egrZno. `mis

sulis siRrmes amoZravebda qarTvelobis, rogorc sulier sxeulis yofa-aryofa

(sazogadod da ara politikurad); es problema misive pirovnuli problema iyo...

jer kerZo pirovnebis sikvdili hgvris adamians msoflio fiqrebs, da ra

gasakviria, rom baraTaSvilis muzas mTeli eris yofa-aryofiT vnebuls, msoflio

fiqrebSi Seecura da miscuravs kidec~ (droeba 1909S:3), _ askvnis gr. robaqiZe.

nikoloz baraTaSvili saukuneebs gadalaxavs. warmavalobis Semcnobs

msoflio amaoebaze fiqri moicavs. aq imaleba misi Semoqmedebis saidumlo.

robaqiZis azriT, baraTaSvili sulier dramaSi darCa rogorc absoluti.

`ganmartoebuli, òboli suli~ panTeisturad erTvis samyaros `meranis~ frenili

gadaWriT~ (droeba 1909C:3).

ver vityviT, sabolood daeTanxmnen robaqiZes arCil jorjaZe da dimitri

uznaZe Tu TavianTsave poziciaze darCnen. erTi kia, _ pasuxebi ar daubeWdavT.

savaraudoa, rom Semoqmedebisa da garemos urTierTkavSiris robaqiZiseuli

analizi, sakuTari naazrevis dawvrilebiTi gacnoba da ganmarteba maTTvis

misaRebi aRmoCnda, yovel kiTxvas gaeca pasuxi. Tumca, isic SesaZloa, jorjaZes

mainc ar eRalata racionalizmisTvis da samudamod eerTgula auxsneli

sakiTxebisaTvis.

polemika sasiamovnod, mokrZalebiT warimarTa. erTmaneTis Sexedulebebs ar

eTanxmebodnen, magram pativs scemdnen, eTikis normebs icavdnen. es iyo daxvewil

moazrovneTa paeqroba WeSmaritebis dasadgenad, romelic polemikis erT-erT

saukeTeso nimuSad rCeba.

grigol robaqiZisTvis `xelovnuri~ da `namdvili~ sinamdvilis Tema amiT ar

amowurula, amis Sesaxeb mas usaubria sxva leqciaSic 1910 wlis martSi.

`religia mSvenierebisa~, romlis programac `droebaSi~ gamoqveynda, oskar

uaildis Semoqmedebas mieZRvna.

leqtoris sityviT, uaildi èsTetiur sinamdvilis~ mociquli iyo da axali

moZRvrebis, `mSvenierebis religiis~, ase vTqvaT, manifesti Seqmna.

oskar uaildi iyo metad niWieri xelovani, romelsac gr. robaqiZis azriT,

badali ar hyavda arakis SeqmnaSi. sajaro leqciaSi robaqiZem `salome~ ganixila.

salome _ warmarTuli xana: sxeulis silamaze da vnebiT tkboba.

ioqanaani _ qristianuli xana: sulis mSveniereba da netareba.

maTi verSeerTeba da daRupva.

30

ùaildi miT iyo mniSvnelovani, rom man aago mSvenierebis religiis taZari

da manve daangria igi. asec unda momxdariyo. SeuZlebelia sinamdvilis uaryofa:

vinc mas uaryofs, igi mas saSinelebiT moevlineba~, (droeba 1910a:4) rogorc

dorian greis, _ ganmartavda leqtori. _ uaildma Tavisi cxovrebiTac dagmo,

uaryo ganyenebuli esTetizmi da axali horizonti ixila.

am leqciamde xuTi dRiT adre daiwyo `droebam~ pirvel gverdze anonsis

beWdva, wina dRes ki aseTi Secdoma gaipara: `dRes leqtori n. i. abramoviCi

waikiTxavs mesame leqcias àdamiani momavalSi~ (fridrix nicSe). xval igive

leqtori waikiTxavs meoTxe leqcias `religia mSvenierebisa da tanjvisa~ (oskar

uaildi)~ (droeba 1910b:3). es grigol robaqiZis leqcia iyo, abramoviCma ki v. T.

komisarJevskaisa da Tanamedrove Teatrze isaubra. (droeba 1910g:1).

Ggr. robaqiZis leqcias Zalian dauinteresebia auditoria. `miuxedavad imisa,

rom Cveni sazogadoeba metad daSorebulia evropul literaturas, msmenelni

mainc gaitaca axalma da metad saintereso Temam, romelic grigol robaqiZem

gasagebad axsna~ (droeba 1910d:4), _ wers `droeba~.

rogorc yovelTvis, Rrma, mdidari Sinaarsi, mxatvrulad Camosxmuli forma,

oratoris artistizmi da mxurvale taSi...

leqciis SesavalSi robaqiZes aRuniSnavs, rom eris gaerTianebisa da

ZlierebisaTvis teritoriaze aranaklebi mniSvneloba aqvs sulier kulturas,

romlis ganviTarebisaTvis evropel mweralTa gacnobac aris saWiroo.

Ggrigol robaqiZes oponenti gamouCnda vladimer baqraZis saxiT, romelsac

leqtoris es gancxadeba, rogorc Cans, sasacilod ar eyo. `Cven Tumca gagvecina,

mara mainc mouTmenlaT velodiT, rogor daakavSirebda b. robaqiZe iseT, Tumca

antisazogadoebriv, mara saintereso movlenas, rogorc aris oskar uaildis

poezia, teritoriis sakiTxTan~ (droeba 1910e:2). saiteresoa, rogor moaxerxa

baqraZem leqtoris azris amgvarad gageba. gr. robaqiZes, rogorc `droebis~

cnobidan vigebT, uTqvams, teritoriulTan erTad kulturuli gaerTianebac aris

saWiro da amisTvis evropel mweralTa, maT Soris, uaildis gacnobac

aucilebeliao. leqciis Tema poeziisa da teritoriis kavSiri ar iyo, amdenad,

baqraZis Seusabamo cnobismoyvareoba ver dakmayofildeboda. raki azrs

damaxinjebulad igebda, sicilis garda ra darCenoda: `rodesac Semdeg b.

robaqiZem gvauwya, rom oskar uaildis poezias didi mniSneloba aqvs qarTvel

eris kulturul, sulier gaerTianebaSiao, Cven isev ver SevikaveT sicili~

(droeba 1910v:2). ar viciT, `Cven~-Si sakuTari Tavis garda vin unda egulisxma maSin,

roca, rogorc `droeba~ wers, mTeli auditoria yuradRebiT usmenda leqtors da

aRtacebas leqciis dasasruls mxurvale taSiT gamoxatavda.

31

v. baqraZe iseT uZlurebas awers gr. robaqiZes, rom misgan mecnierebaze

msjelobis moTxovnas uSedego saqmed miiCnevs. `Tumca istoriuli faqtebi,

mecnieruli istoria Cven gvaswavlis, rom sulier gaerTianebas win uZRvis

nivTieri, rom kulturuli gaerTianeba SeuZlebelia manamdis, sanamdis eri ar

gaerTianebula nivTieraT, mara zedmeti iqneboda b-n robaqiZisagan mogveTxova

istoriuli faqtebis codna da mecnierebaze msjeloba _ es aRemateba mis Zal-

Rones“ (droeba 1910z:2).

gr. robaqiZe upasuxebs, rom ar arsebobs araviTari `mecnieruli istoria“,

romelic amtkicebs, nivTieri gaerTianeba suliers win uZRviso. marqsis amgvari

hipoTeza ki Tavad niWierma marqsistebmac uaryves. amasTan, misi leqciis Temas es

ar warmoadgenda. magram Tu am sakiTxze kamaTi surs baqraZes, jer Cems werilebs,

Cems Sexedulebebs gaecnos da mere vupasuxebo.

`mSvenierebis religia“ baqraZes ùsaqmurobis sanqciad“ miaCnia, xolo

robaqiZe _ mis mociqulad. grigol robaqiZe araTu momxre iyo am Teoriis, aramed,

ramdenadac gamoqveynebuli informaciiT vxvdebiT, sawinaaRmdegos amtkicebda.

aCvenebda `namdvili sinamdvilisa“ da gamogonili, `xelovnuri sinamdvilis“ Sua

gawolil ufskruls. uaildis magaliTze surda, aexsna, eCvenebina ganyenebuli

esTetizmis, “usxeulo” simbolizmis, dekadenturi gancdis saSineleba da

macduroba. amdenma gaugebrobam robaqiZes gaocebiT akiTxvina, netav, saerTod

iyo Tu ara vl. baqraZe leqciaze da Tu iyo, saiT hqonda smena mipyrobilio.

leqcias gamoexmaura p. dadvaZec, romelmac Tavisi da robaqiZis

Sexedulebebi ise auria erTmaneTSi, rom garCeva Wirs. robaqiZem mainc `moaxerxa“

da gamokveTa saTqmeli, mivyveT mas.

rogorc programidan irkveva, grigol robaqiZe ambobda, rom adamiani

grZnobs Tavis ùsrulobasa“ da sikvdilis saSinelebas, siyvarulSi ki ganicdis

ukvdavebas. magram naRvlobs, raki es grZnoba realobaSi ver isxams xorcs da

qmnis xelovnebas. igi iwyebs sicocxles xelovnebiT da ase ganicdis igi

siyvaruls, megobrobas...

dadvaZe ki wers, rom amayi suli, romelic zizRs ucxadebs sikvdils, Tavs

afarebs ocnebis mxares. es simboluri sinamdvile àRZravs survils maradis

netarebisas, maradis megobrobisas, maradis siyvarulisas“ (droeba 1910T:2). es gr.

robaqiZis Sexedulebis arazusti gadmocemaa.

dadvaZe upirispirdeba leqtors, romelsac dekadansi garyvnad, gaxrwnad

miaCnia. Mes didi Secdomaa, radgan dekadansi aristokratuli sulis godebaao, _

fiqrobs avtori da Tavisi azris dasamtkiceblad mohyavs dionisosa da apolonis

brZola. amis dakavSireba dekadansTan ise bundovania, rom Cven ver gavigeT.

robaqiZemac gverdi auara, _ ganxilva SeuZlebeliao. dekadansi ki misTvis

32

namdvilad `gaxrwnaa, daSlaa mTlianobisa, sulis daavadebaa. SeiZleba, amgvari

daSliT, rogorc marcvalis gaxrwniT, mTliani yvavili aRmocendes, magram TviTon

processi amgvari gardaqmnisa erTgvari avadmyofobaa“ (droeba 1910i:2).

dorianis daRupvis mizezad dadvaZe sazogadoebas, mis sulier avla-didebas

miiCnevs, ramac ver Seiwynara dorianis mSveniereba. robaqiZe ki dorianis

tragedias WeSmariti sinamdvilis uaryofasa da xelovnuri sinamdviliT

arsebobaSi xedavs. misi sxeuli lamazi rCeboda, magram suli maxinjdeboda.

xelovnurma sinamdvilem ver ixsna, uaryofilma realobam Suri iZia. dorianma Tavi

moikla.

p. dadvaZe Tavis naazrevad warmouCens mkiTxvels salomesa da ioqanaanis

maxasiaTebel Strixebs _ pirvelis xorcielebasa da meoris sulierebas. metic,

leqtors brals sdebs _ naTlad ver gvamcno, rom is, rac aqvs salomes, ara aqvs

ioqanaans da rac aqvs ioqanaans, ara aqvs salomeso. leqciis programidan Cans, rom

grigol robaqiZe xazs usvams salomes xorciel, xolo ioqanaanis sulier

mSvenierebas. salome sxeulis TvaliT iyureboda, ioqanaani _ sulisa. amis gamo

isini ver SeerTvnen erTmaneTs da daiRupnen.

dadvaZe ki am azrs Tavad miiwers. saerTodac, mis werilSi gr. robaqiZis

Tvalsazrisebi farTod aris gamoyenebuli sakuTari gonierebis sademonstraciod,

avtoris miuTiTeblad. amitom mkiTxvelisaTvis Znelia maTi Sexedulebebis

gancalkeveba. es ioldeba maSin, roca saubaria programaSive gamoTqmul azrze,

rogorc moxda salomesa da ioqanaanis daxasiaTebis SemTxvevaSi.

grigol robaqiZis leqciam arCil jorjaZes misca biZgi, daewera vrceli

statia navsayudelis Zebnaze. msjelobs sicocxlis azris mniSvnelobisa da

saidumloebis gagebaze, rasac saukuneebis manZilze cdilobs adamiani. ganixilavs

filosofiur da socialur pesimizms. uxsovari droidan veZebT navsayudels

atmansa da nirvanaSi, siCumesa da RmerTSi, absolutsa da msoflio sulSi...

uaildis moRvaweobac am Zebnis gagrZelebad miaCnia avtors. magram es yovelive

amaoa. `grigol robaqiZem naTlad dagvanaxa Tavis leqciaSi `religia

mSvenierebisa“ amaoeba am Zebnisa da xazgasmiT warmogviyena axali gamarjveba

`tragikulisa“ (droeba 1910k:2).

simbolur da realur sinamdvileze saubari leqciasa da mis

garSemo gamarTuli polemikis dros gr. robaqiZes amiT ar

Seuwyvetia, ganavrco kidec.

Uucnobi avtori “Un d’on” mimoixilavs literaturul saRamos, romelSic

monawileobdnen akaki, kita abaSiZe, axalgazrda mwerlebi. Mmisi sityviT, saRamos

centri grigol robaqiZis mWevrmetyveluri leqcia iyo (kolxida 1911b:3), romelic

33

calke weriliT gaacno mkiTxvels. leqciis saTauri avtors ar miuTiTebia,

magram Tema werilis pirvelive striqonidan Cans: `leqtori xelovnuri

Semoqmedebis bunebis naTelyofas scTilobda da kerZoT igi Cveni literaturis

Tanamedrove mdgomareobasac exeboda“ (kolxida 1911g:4). avtori kmayofilia

leqciis `warmtaci da naTlaT gamosaxuli“ formiT, magram ar eTanxmeba

gamoTqmul mosazrebebs.

leqciis Sinaarsi ki aseTi iyo: Cveulebrivi, yoveldRiuri sinamdvile

iCrdileba `xelovnuri sinamdvilis” moelvare sxivTa laplapSi. es simboluri

sinamdvile ufro namdvilia, vidre yoveldRiuri sinamdvile. leonardo da vinCis

jokonda maradiulia, ufro `namdvili sinamdvilea“, vidre empiriuli qali

jokonda. `xelovnuri sinamdvile“ empiriuls ar uerTdeba da ar iTqvifeba, radgan

masze maRla dgas.

xelovnuri sinamdvilis wvdomisa da qmnis, CvenTvis damkvidrebis unari

mxolod koleqtiur suls aqvs. werilis avtorisaTvis es gancxadeba moulodneli

aRmoCnda. xelovani mudam gansakuTrebuli individia, amdenad, individualuri

suli unda iyos Semoqmedebis subieqti. magram leqtorma `Semoqmedi pirovnebis

sulSi koleqtiuri sulis arseboba aRmoaCina da xelovani sworeT imdenaT

dasaxa xelovnuri Semoqmdebis subieqtaT, ramdenaTac igi koleqtiuri sulis

matarebeli aris. amgvarad, aRmoCnda, rom xelovnuri sinamdvilis Semoqmedebis

pirovnebis farglebSi koleqtiuri suli moqmedebs, magram moqmedebs ara

abstraktulaT, rogorc ganyenebuli kategoria, aramed konkretulaT rogorc

cocxali arsi“ (kolxida 1911d:4).

xelovans es koleqtiuri suli erovnuli sulis saxiT evlineba, mzad

xvdeba ena da eris istoria. am niadagze Slis igi Tavis Semoqmedebas, romelic

`metyvelebaa eris enisa da zogadi ganmeorebaa eris istoriisa“ (kolxida 1911e:4).

Tu erma sulieri erTianoba dakarga, Tuki igi iSleba da daRupvis gzaze

mieqaneba, Semoqmedeba yovel faseulobas moklebuli iqneba. aq koleqtiuri

erovnuli suli kvdeba. grigol robaqiZis azriT, qarTveli eri swored daSlis

procesSia, amitom literaturac umweo gaxda. werilis avtori moeloda, rom amis

Semdeg leqtori niko baraTaSvilis, ilia WavWavaZisa da akaki wereTlis

Semoqmedebis ùaRresobas“ uaryofda, magram is sxva gzas gahyva da Semoqmedebis

problemis gadaWraSi axali momenti _ tanjva Semoitana. igi imdenad Zlieria, rom

namdvili, maRalmxatvruli nawarmoebis Seqmna SeuZlia maSinac ki, roca erovnuli

suli iSleba. leqtoris TqmiT, Cvenma mwerlebmac amiT miaRwies `xelovnur

sinamdviles“. magram es ar exeba Tanamedrove mwerlobas. literaturis saSineli

krizisi gagrZeldeba manam, sanam gamoCndeba xelovani Zlieri tanjviT.

34

Semoqmedebis problemaSi tanjvis Semotana miuRebelia “Un d’on”-isTvis. ra

logikuri kavSiri arsebobs tanjvasa da eris suls Soris?

grigol robaqiZesac ar sjeroda, rom tanjva eris sulis magivrobas gaswevs.

amis SesaZleblobaze kiTxva SeiZleba maSin daibados, roca eris suli mkvdaria.

leqciaSi ki saubari iyo eris sulis avadmyofobaze. leqtoris ganmartebiT, roca

eris suli avadmyofia (rogorc, magaliTad, qarTveli eris suli), maSin mis niWier

Svilebs (rogorebic, magaliTad, arian niko baraTaSvili, akaki, ilia), am

avadmyofobis tkiviliT datanjulebs, `SeuZliaT mSobeli eris sulis SesaZlo

(potencialur) saxed gamowveva; da xelovnebac, sxvaTa Soris, swored amaSia“

(kolxida 1911v:3).

“Un d’on” gr. robaqiZis leqciis naklad Tvlis misTvis gaugebar debulebas _

Semoqmedebis subieqti koleqtiuri sulia da ara individualuri. leqcia ki

mTlianad amaze iyo agebuli. amdenad, Tu vinmes es debuleba ar akmayofilebs,

misTvis leqcia mniSvnelobas kargavs. avtori leqtorisagan am debulebis ufro

vrcel da naTel ganmartebas moiTxovda.

grigol robaqiZis azri aseTia: `koleqtiur sulSi xelovani (subieqti

Semoqmedebisa) Semoqmedebis wyaros naxulobs. koleqtivoba da individualoba me

organulad maqvs aRebuli da maTi meqaniuraT ganwevreba, Cemis azriT, yovlad

Seuwynarebelia“ (kolxida 1911z:3). amis Sesaxeb, rogorc aRvniSneT, vrclad

isaubra 1909 wels `droebaSi“ gamoqveynebul werilSi `Semoqmedi da garemo“.

ucnobi oponenti “Un d’on” robaqiZis leqciaze saubrisas cdilobda, mieRo

pasuxebi kiTxvebze, romlebic darbazSi yofnisas aReZra. `mcire ganmartebam“,

rogorc Cans, savsebiT daakmayofila misi cnobismoyvareoba, radgan Semdeg aRar

gamouTqvams gr. robaqiZis Sexedulebebis sawinaaRmdego mosazrebebi. mis werilSi

iyo fiqri, gansja da ara _ subieqturi midgoma, gancdebi Tu axireba.

misgan gansxvavebiT, grigol robaqiZis erT-erTi oponenti levan metreveli

leqciebidan darCenil STabeWdilebebs aRwers. Mmisi sityviT, leqtori

auditorias lamazi sityvebiT aTrobda, azrians ki arasdros arafers ambobda. `b-

ni robaqiZis leqciaze mxolod STabeWdilebiT SeiZleba laparaki“ (droeba

1909c:3).

Tu asea, ratom edaveboda leqtors arCil jorjaZe, raSi ar eTanxmeboda

dimitri uznaZe?! maTi polemika mxolod STabeWdilebebiT ar ifargleboda,

TvalsazrisTa Sejereba-gaziarebas efuZneboda. Tumca, STabeWdileba, TavisTavad,

subieqturi gancdaa da amis gamo metrevels veravin Seedaveba.

azris nakleboba ara, magram sityvebis aTamaSeba sxvebmac wamoaZaxes gr.

robaqiZes, _ forma imdenad feradi da daxvewilia, rom Sinaarsi iCrdilebao. mas

35

ki, ubralod, ar SeeZlo, sityva mouzomavad moesrola, saTqmeli ritmiT ar

gamoewkipa. robaqiZis naweri Tavad avtors hgavda, bolomde RilebSekruls da

nakvTebdaWimuls.

zemoT aRniSnulis garda l. metreveli kidev erT, SeiZleba iTqvas, mZime

braldebas uyenebs grigol robaqiZes. misi mtkicebiT, cnobil leqtors oto

veiningerisTvis mouparavs azrebi ibsenis, aseve, sqesisa da siyvarulis Sesaxeb,

plagiatze augia ori leqcia. es daujereblad gveCveneba, Tumca, sxva araferi

gveTqmis Cven, visac mxolod sxvaTa gadmocemiT gveqmneba STabeWdileba grigol

robaqiZis leqciebze. erTi kia, _ Zalian Znelia, plagiatorad warmoidgino kaci,

romelsac literaturis qurums uwodebdnen.

metrevelis braldeba Rirsebis SembRalavi iqneboda amayi robaqiZisTvis, amis

miuxedavad, sapasuxo werilis tonSi aRelvebas ver SeatyobT. mSvidad abejiTebs:

“Cems rusul leqciaSi (`sqesi da siyvaruli“) veiningeris winaaRmdeg gamovedi da

exlac winaaRmdegi var” (droeba 1909Z:3). Tu asea, saocaria, rogor daswames mas

plagiatoroba?! yvelaferi gairkveva, Tuki gaviTvaliswinebT, rom veiningeri

garkveulwilad icavda platonis tradiciebs, romelTac robaqiZe misdevda da

iTvaliwinebda.

rac Seexeba grigol robaqiZis mosazrebas, romelic veiningers

ewinaaRmdegeboda, metrevelma, rogorc Cans, pirvelwyaros araswor gadmocemad

CaTvala, wers kidec, Secdomebi iyoo. leqtors aRuniSnavs, rom adamiani

warmoadgens ara mTels, aramed _ naxevars an ufro mcire nawils. igi eZebs Tavis

`danakliss“, raTa iqces mTelad. am mTlianobas igi sapirispiro sqesSi poulobs.

metrevelis azriT, es aris damaxinjeba veiningeris Sexedulebisa, romlis

Tanaxmadac, yovel adamianSi aris mamakacic da dedakacic, magram igi saqveyno

asparezze calad aris darCenili. imisaTvis, rom Seiqmnas àxali erTeuli”,

“umaRlesi simTavre“, igi unda dawyvildes. konteqstebidan Cans, rom l. metreveli

`simTavreSi“ gulisxmobs mTlianobas, sisrules, mTels. amdenad, dawyvilebis

Semdeg iqmneba mTlianoba _ mTeli mamakaci da mTeli dedakaci.

rogorc vxedavT, grigol robaqiZes araTu mcdarad gadmoucia veiningeris

azri, aramed sul sxva ram uTqvams. aq Cven plagiats ver vxedavT, piriqiT,

ewinaaRmdegeba veiningeris Tvalsazriss. ganmartebaSi gr. robaqiZe, sxvaTa Soris,

wers, rom dawyebuli aqvs kritikuli werili veiningeris naazrevis Sesaxeb,

romelSic naTlad gadmoicema misi Sexedulebebi.

leqtorTan SekamaTebiT, vfiqrobT, l. metreveli daupirispirda sakuTar

sityvebs: `Tavdeba leqcia. yvela scdilobs Tavis azrSi Seadginos mokle

konspeqti naTqvamis da gagonilisa, magram, vai, gaocebav... azrebi sadRac mihqrian,

ikargebian... goneba rCeba ese saxtad~ (droeba 1909w:3). Tu azri ukvalod gaqra,

36

verc SeekamaTebi, mis sawinaaRmdegod verafers ityvi, im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom

ar gaxsovs, ra iTqva, l. metrevels ki polemikis survili gauCnda.

raki igi mxolod STabeWdilebebis gadmocemis surviliT iwvoda, davtovoT

Tavis pirovnul gancdebTan da subieqtur xedvasTan...

1901 wels ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi grigol robaqiZe iurievis (tartus)

universitetSi swavlobda. daaxloebiT aTi wlis Semdeg ratomRac kvlav moisurva

swavlis gagrZeleba imave universitetSi imave fakultetze. amjerad rva semestri

daxura, magram swavla mainc ar dausrulebia.

1911 wels `kolxida~ SeniSnavs: `gr. robaqiZe Camosula TbilisSi da mokle

xanSi leqcias waikiTxavs nicSes filosofiis Taobaze~ (kolxida 1911T:3).

germaneli filosofosi adamianis namdvili `me~-Ti aris dainteresebuli,

genialuri intuiciiT swvdeba mas. robaqiZec, Tavis mxriv, iyenebs raciosac da

emociasac, raTa Caswvdes nicSes filosofias, mis bunebas. leqtori ara mxolod

amjerad cdilobda avtoris `me~-s gadmocemas. misi leqciebi yovelTvis iyo àma

Tu im mwerlis an kidev filosofosis sulis gadmocema, ramdenadac is maTs

nawarmoebebSi gamoixateba~ (Temi 1911b:3).

`TemSi~ daibeWda 18 maisis leqciis programa.

Sopenhaueris gancda, Zvel indoelTa mistika. àdamianis `me~ misgan

gamosvlaSi isaxeba~ aqedan _ gandegiloba da saidumlo Wvreta nirvanaSi _ es

debuleba nicSem ufro aSkarad ellinTa sulier kulturaSi gamosaxa dionisos

saxiT... dionisiuri diTirambi ellinTa tragediaSi swored musikaluri

wregadasulobaa: TviTon dioniso xom wregadasulia yovelTvis... adamianis

namdvili `me~ yofis mimalul kunWulSi arsebobs da Tavs iCens xolme musikiT

mTvralobaSi: igi TiTqos ubrundeba adamianis yoveldRiur arsebas~ (Temi 1911g:2).

grigol robaqiZe iziarebs maradis mobrunebis ideas, Tumca, gava cota xani

da dawers patara novelasMM`Maia”, legendaze agebuls. miTi xom ganuyofeli iyo

misgan.

Tu mdinaris Zils daudarajdebi, Tan yovelives daTmob, mdinarisa da

mTvaris naSob saucxoo asuls ixilav. mewisqvilis SviliSvili miaRwevs

sasurvels da wylis qali Seuyvardeba. òqros Tma nakadulad gadmoSvebula mis

uxvs mkerdze da lurji talRa macdur Tvalebad gaxsnila mis turfa saxeSi~

(Temi 1913a:3). erT paemanze aRTqmuls daarRvevs vaJi _ nagrZnobi mSvenierebis

xilva moundeba da qvad iqceva. wyali ealerseba misken daxril lods da lokviT

adnobs. `nuRa Sexedav mas, mogzauro: Tu vinme giyvars, trfials Seginelebs civi

nakaduliT~ (Temi 1913b:3).

maia feriscvalebas, iluzias, moCvenebas aRniSnavs miTologiaSi.

37

magram es ori wlis Semdeg daiwera. jer ki maradis mobrunebaze kiTxulobs

leqcias.

àzri am mobrunebisa imaSi mdgomareobs, rom gardaqmnas idealurad namdvil

`mem~ adamianis yoveldRiuri arseba~ (Temi 1911d:2).

meore idea _ siyvaruli Soreulisadmi: àdamians unda uyvardes Soreuli anu

misi namdvili `me~ (Temi 1911e:2).

yoveldRiuroba aferxebs `mes~ ganxorcielebas. amdenad, unda daiTrgunos. aq

meore idea gadadis mesameSi: ès aris neba Zalisadmi da ulmobeloba yovelis

yoveldRiurobis mimarT~ (Temi 1911v:2).

amas `zesTaadamianis idea~ agvirgvinebs.

mSvenieri wregadasuloba (musikaluri Troba, `mes~ dakargva, Tavdaviwyeba,

msofliosTan Seziareba) _ dioniso.

saucxoo Wvreta “mzis TvaliT~ _ apolo.

maTi Tanxvedra _ axali adamiani da nicSes SeSla: àq dionisiuri vneba-aSla

sxeuldeba apolos WvretiT, _ da ibadeba axali adamiani, axali `me~, anu

zesTaadmiani. es Sexvedra dionisosa da apolosi ise Zlieri iyo nicSes gancdaSi,

rom ukanasknelma ver daitia es matyvevebeli sinaTle da SeiSala~ (Temi 1911z:2).

es striqonebi xelmouwerlad daibeWda, magram dasawyisSi miTiTebulia, rom

leqciis `zogadi mimdinareoba~ leqtoris gadmocemulia. grigol robaqiZis ena

aSkarad ikiTxeba da igrZnoba, programa visi dawerili unda iyos.

ar dagvaviwydes, is-isaa daiwyo me-20 saukunis aTiani wlebi da rusuli ena

metad moduria. bevrs `qarTuli ar exerxeba~ da rusuliT iwonebs Tavs.

Tavdapirvelad robaqiZec kiTxulobda leqciebs rusulad. mis gamosvlebs

rusul enaze, Tanve weras, eWvis TvaliT uyurebdnen da akritikebdnen. sapasuxod

igi werda: `robaqiZe qarTveli poetia da moazre. gamodis xandaxan paralelurad

rusul enaze: weriT Tu TqmiT. esec imdenad, ramdenadac saWiroa es misi

qarTuli xazisaTvis... varSavaSi ganze gadgoma SesaZloa, saqarTveloSi _ ara: miT

ufro tfilisSi, saca ucxo elementebi mravalia. saWiroa am ucxo elementebs

Tavi daanaxvo, rom ara xar `provinciali~. amas mniSvneloba aqvs. me Tu xandaxan

`rusulad~ gamovdivar, mxolod am azriT. me SemiZlia, aTjer “rusulad”

gamovide, magram Tanve asjer `qarTulad~ gamoval~ (baqraZe 1999b:149).

rac Seexeba mis qarTuls, gadauWarbeblad SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom

yvela aRtacebuli iyo. umdidresi leqsika, ukiduresad daxvewili formebi,

ritmi... ukvirdaT kidec, _ sad iswavlao ase tkbilqarTuli?!

nicSeze wakiTxuli leqciis mosmenis Semdeg emociebiT aRsavse akaki werda:

`vambob gixarodens... amisrulda wadili. vnaxe is Cemis TvaliT, rac mTeli Cemi

sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi menatreboda: qarTveli intelegenti, TavisTavad moazre

38

da ara saucxovo gramofoni!! cxadad ixedeboda, rom yoveli misi sityva misive

sakuTari iyo, grZnoba-gonebaSi qarTulad gamobrZmedili~ (Temi 1911T:2).

akakisTvis axalgazrda qarTveli inteligenti, moazrovne, siaxleebis

Semomtani leqtori imedia, pirveli mercxalia. `meSvide camde afrenili

vambob sixaruliT: kurTxeul iyos momavali!~ (Temi 1911i:2).

oc weliwadSi grigol robaqiZes sazRvargareT wasvla da sicocxlis

bolomde emigrantoba ergeba wilad, saqarTveloSi mis saxels tabu daedeba...

leqcia ki germanel filosofosze `marTla mSvenieri iyo: originaluri,

damTavrebuli formisa da Sinaarsis mxriv, kargad wakiTxuli~ (Temi 1911k:2). amis

miuxedavad, qarTveli elitaruli sazogadoeba, romelic cirkSi, baRebsa Tu sxva

adgilebSi siamovnebiT atarebs dros, ukve aRar swyalobs savse auditoriebiT

ganebivrebul robaqiZes.

ra moxda? amdeni Tbili gamoxmaureba rom ara, iqneb gvefiqra, TiTqos

literatorma ver SeZlo leqciis saTanadod momzadeba. swored rom piriqiT. kidev

ufro metad dauxvewavs formac da Sinaarsic, sidinje da simtkice Seumatebia,

rogorc wers gazeTi `kolxida~ (kolxida 1911i:2).

inteligenciis dauinteresobis mizezs zustad xsnis `man-wili~-s fsevdonims

amofarebuli avtori terminiT `modis giliotina~. magram aqamde mosasvlelad

robaqiZem Sori gza gamoiara.

quTaisis sasuliero saswavlebeli, sasuliero seminaria, 1901 wlis ramdenime

Tve tartus universitetSi, saidanac, rostom lominaSvilis (grigol robaqiZis

disSvilis) sityviT, garicxes swavlis fulis gadauxdelobis gamo. Tumca, akaki

baqraZis cnobiT, universitetis sabuTebiT, sadac igi moxseniebulia uaRresad

mowesrigebul da bejiT studentad, es ar dasturdeba (baqraZe 1999g:30).

1902 wlidan gr. robaqiZe swavlas agrZelebs laipcigis universitetis

filosofiur fakultetze. misi dasrulebis Semdeg ori wlis ganmavlobaSi

sxvadasxva universitetSi ismens leqciebs misTvis saintereso sagnebSi.

1908 wels brundeba saqarTveloSi, sadac sul cota xanSi `Cvens niWier

leqtors~ mxsnel angelozad naTlaven. ocdarva wlis `cnobili leqtori~ RerZad

iqca, romlis irgvliv trialebs presa.

sami weli arc ki gasula da mis Zveleburad mSvenier leqciebs inteligencia

zurgs aqcevs.

guSin _ Робакидзе-Бог.

dRes _ Робакидзе вышел из моды (Temi 1911l:3).

kidec es aris modis giliotina, romelzec umisamarTod moxetiale

intelegenciam aiyvana literatori, oratori, sazogado moRvawe. ès

39

damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebaa sazogadoebisa, romelic gansazRvrul kriteriums

moklebulia da yovel qaris dabervaze mzaT aris mimarTuleba da simpatiebi

gamoicvalos~ (Temi 1911m:3).

citata motanilia uaRresad saintereso da saWirboroto statiidan,

romelsac xels awers `man-wili~. cnobili ar aris, vin iyo am fsevdonims

amofarebuli. akaki baqraZe varaudobda, rom inicialebs miRma mixeil wereTeli

idga.

`man-wili~ aanalizebs grigol robaqiZis leqciebs laipcigSi wakiTxulidan

dawyebuli `fridrix nicSes~ CaTvliT.

literatoris erudicia da oratoruli niWi, leqciebis logikuroba da

mTlianoba yovelTvis did STabeWdilebas axdenda msmenelze. amitomac

yovelTvis savse yofila auditoriebi. magram `man-wili~ ar iwonebs robaqiZis

mudmiv mcdelobas, Cawvdes avtoris suls. ki, batono, fsiqologiuri mxriT

sainteresoa, `Tu ramdenad wvda `me~ `me~-s, Tu ramdenad mTliania,

sruli da marTali gadmocema ama Tu im mwerlisa. am mxriT

gamorCeuli leqciebi grigol robaqiZisa marTla did-mniSvnelovani arian

rogorc SinaarsiT, ise formiTac~ (Temi 1911n:3). magram, avtoris azriT, `gancdis

leqciebi~ obieqturi ver iqneba.

im dros, roca ruseTi ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis ideebiT iyo

gatacebuli, robaqiZe marqsizms gmobda. cxovrebis mier wamoyenebul kiTxvebze

mudam mtkice pasuxebs iZleoda.

Semdeg iyo parizi, rusi inteligentebi da filosofiuri idealizmi.

saqarTveloSi Camosuls mistikuri idealizmi ar gamoadga. leqciebma

impresionistuli xasiaTi miiRo (`man-wili~ impresionizms ar iwonebs _

cvalebadobas aCvevs xalxso). kritikul garCevas moklebul leqciebSi

sazogadoebrioba ar SeigrZnoba. uamisod, avtoris azriT, grigol robaqiZis

moRvaweoba naxevrdeba. leqciis saukeTeso variantad `man-wili~ Zvelisa da axlis

sinTezs miiCnevs: erTi mxriv, sifxizle, sazogadoebrivoba, cxovrebasTan meti

kavSiri, meore mxriv, Sinaarsianoba, forma, sidinje.

`Temis~ redaqcia yvelaferSi ar eTanxmeboda avtors, magram misi vrceli

statia mainc dabeWda, rogorc maxvili gonebisa da mzeris mier ganxiluli da

emociebze naklebad dayrdnobili (Temi 1911o:3).

`fridrix nicSe~ Tbiliselebis Semdeg quTaiselebma moismines. gazeTi

`kolxida~ rubrikiT àxali ambebi~ mkiTxvelebs amcnobs, rodis waikiTxavs

leqcias `Cveni niWieri leqtori~. orators kargi STabeWdileba mouxdenia

mravalricxovan auditoriaze. gansakuTrebiT moswonebiaT leqciis meore nawili,

40

romelic xalxisTvis ùfro martivi da advili gasagebic~ yofila (kolxida

1911k:2).

`kolxidadan~ irkveva, rom robaqiZes sxvadasxva daba-qalaqSi waukiTxavs

leqciebi. gazeTi informacias jer kidev maSin awvdis mkiTxvels, roca am

ganzraxvas igebs: `gr. robaqiZe am zafxuls fiqrobs popularuli leqciebis

kiTxva moawyos Cvens daba-qalaqebSi~ (kolxida 1911l:2).

ori kviris Semdeg, 26 ivniss, àxali ambavis~ svetSi qveyndeba informaciuli

SeniSvna: `pirveli leqcia cnobilma leqtorma grigol robaqiZem kidec waikiTxa

daba xonSi. leqcias didZali sazogadoeba daeswro, leqciam saucxovo

STabeWdileba moaxdina damswre sazogadoebaze~ (kolxida 1911m:2). leqciis Tema

aRniSnuli ar aris.

manamde ki, 10 ivniss, quTaisis TeatrSi gr. robaqiZes qarTulad waukiTxavs

leqcia `xelovneba da sinamdvile~, romelic TbilisSi rusulad moismines.

`kolxidaSi~ oriode sityviT aris gadmocemuli leqciis gegma (kolxida 1911n:2).

leqcias operatiulad gamoexmaura S. n. _ robaqiZis yvelaze susti oponenti,

romelic, ase vTqvaT, RvarWnilebiT cdilobs fons gasvlas. misi werilidan azris

gamotana imdenad Znelia, rom Tavs SevikavebT Cveneuli interpretaciisagan,

perifrazebisagan da ramdenime amonarids mogawvdiT.

arc Tu ise mokle `mokle SeniSvna~ or `dauZlevel umweobaze~ saubriT

iwyeba, romelTa Sorisac, avtoris azriT, trialebs adamianis Semecnebis

ganviTareba. `SeuerTebloba daqsaqsulisa da dauqsaqsveloba SeerTebulisa; es

igive sintezi da analizia, ontologiis sferoSi gadatanili. gancalkeveba

idealurisa realurisagan, samaradisos warmavalisagan amave mdgomareobas

gamoxatavs~ (kolxida 1912d:2). es `mecnieruli~ mosazreba daqsaqsulis

SeuerTeblobisa da SeerTebulis dauqsaqsvelobis Sesaxeb, CvenTvis metismetad

`Rrmaa~, Tanac ver vxvdebiT, ra kavSiri aqvs am yovelives robaqiZesTan. avtori ki

akademiuri eniT ganagrZobs: adamianis SemecnebiTma niWma SeZlo ontologiuri

mTlianobis garRveva, magram `TviTonve veRar dasZlia Tavis mierve amoZravebul

Zalebs. sinamdvile, realoba Sua gapobili darCa~ (kolxida 1912e:2).

Semdegi abzacidan is mainc irkveva, rom orgvari sinamdvile arsebobs:

`pirveli _ drouli da vrceuli, rac xdeba aq da meore _ idealuri, romlis

uwinaresi ganmartebac aucileblaT uaryofiTi, TviT droulobisa da vrceulobis

uarisyofaa~ (kolxida 1912v:2).

aq, albaT, maradisobazea saubari. Tavisi naTqvamis dasamtkiceblad avtors

piTagoras Teorema mohyavs. `piTagores Teorema aq da dRes Cven mier

damtkicebuli Sav dafaze TeTri melniT aris gamoxatuli. wavSliT dawerils,

41

movspobT droulsa da vrceul pirobebs, magram piTagores Teorema amiT ar

moispoba~ (kolxida 1912z:2).

TviTonve ukvirs: aq xelovneba ra SuaSia, es maTematikaao! robaqiZem xazi

gausva am gaocebul wamoZaxils _ àq xelovneba ra SvaSia?!~ (kolxida 1912T:2). `S.

n.~-s `SuaSia~ ewera da ara `SvaSia~. Tu es koreqturuli Secdoma ar aris, maSin

niuansSi gamoxatuli maxvili ironiaa.

ucnob polemists piTagoras Teoremis maradiuloba Turme aseTi

daskvnisTvis sWirdeboda: àSkaraa _ xelovneba kidec rom qmnides idealurs, igi

marto ara qmnis mas~ (kolxida 1912i: 2).

ise Cans, TiTqos grigol robaqiZes xelovnebisTvis Tayvansacemad adamianis

moRvaweobis yvela sxva sfero daeCoqebinos, es, cota ar iyos, moulodnelia

misgan. amasTan, leqciis Tema xelovneba da sinamdvile iyo da ara _ maTematika da

sinamdvile. robaqiZem pasuxad dawera: `maradisoba, maTematikiT gamosaxuli da

maradisoba, xelovnebiT gamoxatuli, _ sxvadasxva saxis arian. Teorema mudam

ganyenebaa da ganyenebulaT darCeba, mxatvruli saxe ki yovelTvis cocxalia da

individualobaT iSleba~ (kolxida 1912k:2-3). detaluri axsna Tavad leqcia

iqneboda, amdenad, pasuxi mokle iyo.

vrceli `mokle SeniSvna~ sayuradRebos verafers gveubneba gr. robaqiZis

leqciis avkargze. amitomac, vfiqrobT, dawvrilebiT mimoxilva ar Rirs.

amasTan, werilis ena, filosofiur cnebaTa xoraze rom araferi vTqvaT, ise

daxlarTuli da Seusabamoa, rom robaqiZesac gauWirda gageba. àvtors an sityva

ar emorCileba sazogadoT, anda qarTuli eniT pirvelad cTilobs ganyenebuli

azris gamoTqmas: mis werilSi azri sityvas ebrZvis da Sesafer gasavals ver

naxulobs~ (kolxida 1912l:3).

avtori ki Rrmad aris darwmunebuli Tavisi `mokle SeniSvnis~ did

mniSvnelobaSi. Ggrigol robaqiZes siRrme dauwuna, Tavisi naazrevi ki erTaderT

swor gzad, WeSmaritebad miaCnia. Cemi daskvna, rogorc yvela xedavs, srulad

ewinaaRmdegeba misaso, _ ambobs avtori. ver vxvdebiT, yvelaSi vis gulisxmobs.

saerTod, polemikur werilSi jer mokled gadmoscemen im debulebebs, romlebsac

ar eTanxmebian, Semdeg ki upirispireben TavianT argumentebs. S. n.-s ar gadmoucia

gr. robaqiZis Tvalsazrisi. amdenad, ara Tu yvelas, aramed mxolod mas,

vinc leqcia moismina, SeeZlo ganesazRvra, ramdenad àrasiRrmiseuli~ iyo gr.

robaqiZis azrebi da ramdenad ewinaaRmdegeba mas polemikuri werilis avtoris

daskvnebi.

am leqcias kidev erTi ucnobi avtori (X) gamoexmaura, oRond man win

grigol robaqiZis mosazrebebi wamoswia da komentari bolosTvis Semoinaxa:

`pirvel nawilSi avtori ver idga im simaRleze, romelic Cveulebrivi aris xolme

42

misTvis, xolo meore nawilSi man SeZlo Tavis Tavis povna da keTilSobiluri

aRtacebiT gadmogvca Tavis saintereso azrTa mimdinareoba~ (kolxida 1912m:3). aq

axali araferia, adre sxvebis mier naTqvamis gameorebaa. mTlianobaSi ki ucnobi

avtoris `Semoqmedeba da sinamdvile~ leqciis Sinaarsis gadmocema iyo.

qvesaTaurad asec ewera: `gr. robaqiZis leqcia~.

adamianis Semoqmedebis nayofi sinamdvilea, magram ara Cveulebrivi,

`zedapiruli~. xelovneba arsebulis gameoreba ar aris. xelovnebisa da

sinamdvilis kavSiri `xelovnuri Semoqmedebis filosofiis~ ZiriTadi problemaa.

gr. robaqiZis leqciis pirveli (Teoriuli) nawilic mis garSemo trialebda.

amboben, rom xelovneba masalas cxovrebidan iRebs, magram misi `konkretuli

gansaxiereba~ xelovanis idumali SemoqmedebiTi niWis nayofia. Ggr. robaqiZes es

yalb, usafuZvlo Teoriad miaCnia. Mmisi azriT, masalas ver akref, Tuki Tavidanve

ar ici, risTvis gsurs igi. `xelovani imTaviTve Tan atarebs ideas da iswrafvis

mis gamoTqmas ama Tu im saSualebiT da sworeT es idea aris, rom sarCulaT udevs

yovels xelovnurs aRtacebas. amgvaraT, xelovneba gaobiekteba, ganivTeba,

gansaxiereba aris xelovanis Sinagani arsisa da amitom igi bevraT ufro namdvili

aris, vidre Cveulebrivi zedapiruli sinamdvile~ (kolxida 1912n:2).

leqciis meore nawilSi gr. robaqiZem imsjela imaze, SesaZlebelia Tu ara

elinisturi xelovnebis ganaxleba da ramdenad warmatebuli aRmoCnda sofokles

òidipos mefis~ reinhardtiseuli dadgma. elinTa gaxsenebisas igi, ra Tqma unda,

gverds ver auvlida sayvarel Temas _ dionisosa da apolonis kults da misgan

warmoSobil tragedias.

warmoidgineT, rom xarT erTgvar TavdaviwyebaSi da mTeli Tqveni sulieri

arseba “aRviraxsnili SeuCereblobiT” miiltvis win. es dionises kultis

safuZvelia. magram aseTi mdgomareoba adamianis Cveulebrivi Tviseba ar aris,

goneba yovelTvis kritikulad uyurebs Sinagan ltolvas, yovel moqmedebas. aq

ukve apolonis saSualebiT mTavrdeba dionisos kulti. wuTiT warmovidginoT, rom

RvTaebam goneba warstaca adamians. igi dionisur mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndeba. xolo

Tu adamiani Tavis nabijebs gonebis Tvals adevnebs da nagrZnobs imdenad

gamoxatavs, ramdenadac amas goneba ukarnaxebs, mdgomareoba apoloniseulia.

gancda _ dioniso.

gancdilisTvis Tvalyuris devneba _ apoloni.

`daupirdapireT es ori mxare erTi mTliani mdgomareobisa erTi-meores da

Tqvens win warmoiSveba Teatri Tavisi ori elementiT: msaxiobi da mayurebeli~

(kolxida 1912o:3). Tu msaxiobTa gancdaze mayureblebis gamoxmaurebasac

warmovidgenT, berZenTa qoro dagvidgeba Tvalwin. àseTi iyo berZenTa Teatri

43

da berZenTa tragedia. xolo igi, rogorc xelovneba, Sedegi iyo maTi Sinagani

arsis gansakuTrebuli Tvisebisa, maTi sulisa~ (kolxida 1912p:3).

reinhardti damarcxda. berZenTa tragediis ganaxleba ver SeZlo. berZenTa da

TanamedroveTa suli sxvadasxvagvaria. oresti da hamleti _ es elinTa da

TanamedroveTa sulia. pirveli mTliania, meore ki _ gapobili, gaorebuli.

ase mokled, ZiriTad StrixebSi gadmosca ucnobma avtorma leqciis Sinaarsi.

rogorc vxedavT, aq aris siaxle _ grigol robaqiZe upirispirdeba gavrcelebul

Sexedulebebs xelovnebisa da sinamdvilis kavSirze. misi paralelebic sakiTxs

yovelTvis gansxvavebuli kuTxiT aCvenebs. qarTul sazogadoebas igi axali

ideebis gamavrceleblad moevlina. Tanac, rogorc adre aRvniSneT, igi ar

ifargleboda mxolod TbilisiTa da quTaisiT.

1910 weli. gr. robaqiZe moxisSi miuwveviaT leqciis wasakiTxavad Temaze:

`platonidan leibnicamde da leibnicidan soloviovamde~ (droeba 1910l:4).

1912 wlis 16 ivnisi. grigol robaqiZe WiaTuraSi kiTxulobs leqciebs

rusTavelsa da vaJa-fSavelaze (kolxida 1912J:2-3).

26 ivnisi. gazeT `kolxidas~ cnobiT, grigol robaqiZes leqciebi zedized

sam dRes unda waekiTxa jer senakSi, Semdeg _ abaSaSi, bolos ki _ samtrediaSi

(kolxida 1912r:3).

9 ivlisi. `gr. robaqiZis leqcias saCxereSi blomaT daswrebia xalxi~

(kolxida 1912s:2).

11 seqtemberi. `grigol robaqiZe am mokle xanSi baTomsa da soxumSi

waikiTxavs leqciebs~ (kolxida 1912t:2).

12 seqtemberi. `gr. robaqiZis leqcias q. gorSi mravali xalxi daswrebia;

lektors aRtacebiT Segebebia sazogadoeba da leqciasac kargi STabeWdileba

mouxdenia~ (kolxida 1912u:2).

21 seqtemberi. `soxumSi gr. robaqiZis leqcias xalxi blomaT daswrebia.

leqcia moswonebiaT da aRtacebiT migebebian lektors~ (kolxida 1912f:2).

WiaTuraSi rusTavelze wakiTxul leqciaSi grigol robaqiZes aRuniSnavs,

rom literaturul kritikas jerac Rirseulad ar Seufasebia `vefxistyaosnis~

auracxeli saunje. radgan leqciisTvis gankuTvnil gansazRvrul droSi

`SeuZlebelia im auarebel margalitTa ganxilva, romelic ase uxvad dauTesia aq

didebul SoTas Tavis madliani xeliT~ (kolxida 1912q:2), amitom mxolod erT

ùCinar obol margalitze~ _ silamazis, mSvenierebis grZnobisa da siyvarulis

elinur Segnebaze _ SeuCerebia yuradReba. misi azriT, Zvel berZenTa Tayvaniscema

silamazisadmi ixateba mereJovskis ìuliane gandegilis~ im adgilSi, sadac

aRwerilia iulianes mier afrodites qandakebis naxva. es nawyveti, robaqiZis mier

naTargmni, daibeWda wina wels `kolxidaSi~.

44

ìulianem aRapyro mkrTalni Tvalni, mieyrdno kedels, Caikla sunTqva da

ganaba suli. es iyo igi. Tavxdil cisqveS taZris Sua guls idga axlad Svebuli

qafisgan, civi, TeTri afrodita _ anadiomena mTeli Tavisi urcxvi sititvliTa.

RmerTqali TiTqo RimiliT gascqeroda casa da zRvas, ukvirda maTi Sveneba da

jerc ar icoda, rom igi misi sakuTari Svenebaa, casa da zRvaSi, viT marad

sarkeTa Soris aRsaxuli. sacmelis Sexeba ar uracyofda mas. aseTi idga igi,

sruliad umanko da mTlad titveli, rogorc es muq-lurji ca, mis Tavs zemo

gadaSlili~ (kolxida 1911o:3).

dro gaCerda...

yrma moxibluli da mowyurebuli uyurebda qalRmerTs.

muxli moiyara afrodites winaSe. gulze xelebdakrefili, maRla Tavaweuli,

sulSi myudroeba Casvenebuli idga muxlebze. `da moeria mas ruli, magram

ZilSiac grZnobda igi qalis siaxloves: igi Camodioda masTan axalo da axlo.

wvrilni, TeTrni xelni mas yels exveodnen. yrma miecemoda uvnebo RimiliT uvnebo

xvevnasa~ (kolxida 1911p:3).

xelovanis mier marmariloSi gamosaxuli RvTaebrivi silamazis tyve gaxda

igi.

es aris namdvili elinuri Tayvaniscema silamazisadmi, romelic gamoricxavs

cxovelur grZnobas. ase uyvardaT elinebs.

Ggrigol robaqiZis sityviT, aseTivea tarielisa da nestan-darejanis

siyvaruli. is ar hgavs aRmosavlur trfobas. `vefxistyaosanSi~ daxatuli

umagaliTo pativiscema qalisadmi, gaRmerTeba da Tayvaniscema berZenTa SegrZnebas

ufro uaxlovdeba, vidre _ sparsTa.

megobrobasac arsad hqonia iseTi fasi, rogorc saberZneTSi. tarielisa da

avTandilis gansakuTrebuli megobruli grZnobac elinurs hgavs.

yovelive amaSi grigol robaqiZe rusTavelisa da mis Tanamedrove

qarTvelebze Zvel berZenTa kulturis Zlier gavlenas xedavs.

dasasruls, leqtori Sexebia `vefxistyaosnis~ originalobis sakiTxs.

`xalxuri arakis nawarmoebis SinaarsaT aReba sruliaT ar arTmevs nawarmoebs

originalobas da avtors _ geniosobas~ (kolxida 1912R:2). grigol robaqiZe

auditorias arwmunebda, usafuZvlod ki ar unda vamtkicoT, sparsulidan aris

naTargmnio, aramed unda vcadoT, CavwvdeT im SoTas didebuli azrebis siRrmeebs,

romlis meoxebiTac SeinarCuna qarTvelma erma Tavisi saxeo; Tu SoTam Cven

gvaqarTvela, Cven igi varusTaveloTo.

meore leqcia vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedebas mieZRvna. `vaJa Tu geniosi ara,

geniosis natexi mainc aris. igi mTis Svilia, diadi grZnobiT da maxvili gonebiT

45

aRWurvili. misi poezia mTis nakadis CqerTa mSvenierebis feradebiTaa Sezavebuli~

(kolxida 1912y:3).

grigol robaqiZes ganuxilavs vaJas poema `gvelis mWameli~. mindiaSi igi

genioss xedavda.

orive leqcia imdenad daxvewili eniT waukiTxavs orators, rom sazogadoeba

aRfrTovanebuli darCenila da “vaSas” SeZaxiliT ramdenjerme gamouxmia leqtori.

dabolos, gazeTi gamoTqvams survils, rom batoni robaqiZe xSirad estumros

WiaTuras Tavisi leqciebiT. ès metad sasurvelia, radgan mdabio xalxisaTvisac

saWiroa, moisminos tkbilaT moubaris sityva da gaecnos axal azrebs~ (kolxida

1912S:3).

leqcias gamoexmaura ucnobi avtori `sonmani~ weriliT `Cemi azri gr.

robaqiZis leqciis Sesaxeb~ da sxvebis mier adre gamoTqmuli mosazreba gaimeora.

avtori WiaTuraSi wakiTxul leqcias arc exeba, zogadad aRniSnavs, rom grigol

robaqiZis leqciebiT xSirad damTvrala, magram Turme mainc grZnobda, rom

miRebuli siamovneba srulfasovani ar iyo. `dakvirvebisa da analizis~ Semdeg

mimxvdara, Tu ra aklda.

`Cvens gamoCenil lektors erTi sayuradRebo nakli aqvs... cTilobs rac

SeiZleba yoveli mxriT SeboWos msmenelTa grZnobani. amisaTvis is uxvaT afrqvevs

lamaz sityvebs. erTsa da imave advilaT gasageb azrs xSirad mravalgvar lamaz

formaSi axvevs da ise awvdis msmenelT. msmeneli misi pirveli sityvis Tqmidan

grZnobadaa gadaqceuli~ (kolxida 1912C:3). amdenad, win iwevs grZnobebi, romlebic

Crdilavs Sinaars. leqciis dasrulebis Semdeg mxolod lamazi sityvebiT

gamowveuli `gulis amtokebeli STabeWdilebebi rCeba.

vfiqrobT, am yovelives saTqmelad didi `dakvirveba da analizi~ ar iyo

saWiro, l. metrevelis werilis wakiTxvac ikmarebda.

rac Seexeba avtoris naTqvams _ erTsa da imave azrs sxvadasxva formiT

awvdis msmenelso _ SeekamaTeba yvela, vinc metnaklebad icnobs gr. robaqiZis

Semoqmedebas. mis nawerebSi versad SexvdebiT tavtologias, azris gameorebas. amas

arc zepir metyvelebaSi dauSvebda niWieri oratori, miT ufro, rom misi leqciebi

yovelTvis winaswar iyo safuZvlianad momzadebuli, dawerili. swored formisa

da Sinaarsis srulyofa, erTianoba iwvevda sayovelTao aRtacebas.

grigol robaqiZe xSirad muxlebad hyofda mopaeqreTa SeniSvnebs da

saTiTaod pasuxobda. erT-erTi ukmayofilo oponentis `vin-xanianis~ werilidanac

gamohyo muxlebi: `marTali rom mogaxsenoT, werilis avtors arc Zala Seswevs da

arc inteleqtualuri sindisi, rom mas pasuxi gavce, magram is werili iseTi

rixiani umecrebiT aris avsili, rom saWirod mimaCnia, misi avla-dideba mkiTxvels

muxla-muxla gadavuSalo~ (kolxida 1912c:2). robaqiZis toni pirvelad gaxda aseTi

46

mkacri, cota agdebulic. grigol robaqiZes profesor niko maris Sesaxeb uTqvams,

igi SesaniSnavi filologia, magram rogorc literaturis kritikosi, sustiao.

`vin-xanianma~ misi azri cota sxvagvarad warmoaCina: ramdenad niWieri istorikosia

mari, imdenad uniWo damfasebelia igi xelovnebis nawarmoebisao.

es aris braldebis pirveli muxli.

gr. robaqiZe ganmartavs, rom profesori mari mas SesaniSnav mkvlevarad

miaCnia, romelic saocari intuiciiTa aris dajildoebuli. swored am intuiciis

wyalobiT, is mkvdar qvasac alaparakebs da ubralo naSTiT Teoriasac qmnis...

magram avtori mkvlevarisgan mets moiTxovs _ esTetizms, ris gareSec nebismieri

gamokvleva calmxrivia, nakluli, SeiZleba, mcdaric. robaqiZe fiqrobs, rom

esTetizmis ararsebobam aTqmevina mecniers, `vefxistyaosani~ sparsulidan

qarTulad naTargmni sagmiro moTxrobis galeqsili variantiao. maris sityvebs Tu

davujerebT, `vefxistyaosani~ erTi Cveulebrivi Targmani yofila. amaze dava dRes

ar Rirs, magram maSin grigol robaqiZes uwevda, gamudmebiT emtkicebina, rom

mxatvruli forma, emZlavri SemoqmedebiTi energia cvlis safuZvlad aRebuls

araks. “araesTetikurma” profesorma es ver warmoidgina. sxva mxriv, robaqiZe maris

Tayvanismcemlad acxadebs Tavs.

meore muxlad gr. robaqiZem gamoyo braldeba, TiTqos igi sxvis azrebs

isakuTrebda: `vefxistyaosnis~ elinisturi mxare, romelic aRniSnuli hqonda niko

mars, leqtorma Tavis aRmoCenad warmoaCinao, _ acxadebs `vinxaniani~. recenzenti

ar akonkretebs, ras gulisxmobs èlinistur mxareSi~, robaqiZe ki leqciaSi

exeboda sxeulis èlinur grZnobas~ da amtkicebda, rom rusTavelsac imave

grZnobiT aqvs nagrZnobi sxeuli... geniosi Semoqmedis intuiciiT, sxeuli ubralo

xorci ki ara, sxeulis cocxali saxea, TviT xiluli sulia, iseve, rogorc

gamoqandakebuli marmarilo. `vin-xanianma~ vercerTi magaliTi ver moixmo imis

dasamtkiceblad, rom maric amas werda.

leqciaSi saubari iyo `vefxistyaosanze~ rogorc ara Targmanze, aramed

originalur nawarmoebze, romelSic gardaqmnilia xalxuri siuJeti. `vin-xanianis~

sityviT, es azri xaxanaSvils ekuTvnis, gr. robaqiZem ki `Tavisad gaasaRa~.

braldeba mZimea. gamodis, rom grigol robaqiZe aqa-iq amokrefda azrebs,

Seakowiwebda da leqciac mzad iyo. erTma oponentmac scada, plagiatoris

saxeliT `daejildovebina~ cnobili leqtori, magram _ amaod...

`vin-xanianis~ braldebac advilad gaaqarwyla gr. robaqiZem. xaxanaSvili

wers: `STagonebis wyaroTa Zieba xalxur TqmulebaTa Soris _ es gzaa, sakmaoT

ganmtkicebuli saerTo literaturis istoriaSi... ganaTlebulma da niWierma

mgosanma SeZlo gaekeTilSobilebina da aemaRlebina romantiuli intriga

ucvleli erTgulebisa da naTeli siyvarulis grZnobis ideiTa, niWieraT SeaerTa

47

da SeakavSira poemis siuJeti fsiqologiuri dakvirvebaniT da filosofiuri

gansjaniTa, misca poemas mxatvruli mTlianoba da Camoasxa igi iseT momxibvlel

saliteraturo formaSi, romelic dRemdi poetur nawarmoebTa nimuSaT darCa~

(kolxida 1912Z:3). mokled, xaxanaSvilis azriT, rusTavelma Tqmulebas

literaturuli forma misca mxolod. robaqiZe ki amtkicebda, rom Semoqmedi

cvlis nasesxeb araks, romelic xalxma saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi Seqmna.

Ganuwyvetliv imeorebda, rom rusTavelis qmnilebis forma arsebuli masalis

ubralo galeqsva ki ara, axali genialuri nawarmoebia, gamorceuli Semoqmedis

mier Seqmnili. rogorc vxedavT, gr. robaqiZes araTu miuTvisebia xaxanaSvilis

azri, aramed, piriqiT, sawinaaRmdego umtkicebia.

amis sapasuxod `vin-xanians~ xaxanaSvilis wignidan sxva citata mohyavs.

`poetma am saerTo saqmes misca TviTSemoqmedebiTi niWiT dramatiuli sisrule da

fsixologiuri sinamdvile. Caumata fatmanis da Sermadinis saxeebi, ufro

mwyobraT aago gmirebis damokidebuleba, avTandili, tarieli da fridoni

naTesauri kavSiriT ganacalkeva da SeaerTa TanxmobiTi interesiT da

megobruli siyvaruliT~ (kolxida 1912w:2).

arakis, fabulis Secvlaze arc aq aris rame naTqvami. citata kvlavac

literaturul damuSavebaze, formis daxvewaze miuTiTebs. `saxelebis Camateba~ da

`TanxmobiTi interesiT~ personaJTa SeerTeba SemoqmedebaSi bevrs arafers niSnavs,

es ar aris arsebiTi. `vin-xanianma~ am citatis motaniTac gr. robaqiZes gauwia

samsaxuri, misi azris originaloba daamtkica. xaxanaSvili Rrmad aris

darwmunebuli, rom erTsa da imave siuJetze dayrdnobili xalxuri da

individualuri qmnilebebis mciredi gansxvavebuloba ubralod literaturuli

damuSavebis Sedegia. erTi sityviT, xalxuri Tqmulebidan aRebuli fabula

literaturul nawarmoebSi ar icvleba.

gr. robaqiZe ki aseve Rmad aris darwmunebuli, rom icvleba. amas

adasturebda igi leqciaSic da werilSic.

Semdegi muxlic imave braldebas Seicavda. amjerad grigol robaqiZes Turme

ivane gomarTelis azrebi miuTvisebia, oRond Taviseburad Seuzavebia `Tanamedrove

dekadentis terminebiT~. saubaria `gvelis mWamelis~ ganxilvaze, romelzec i.

gomarTelsa da gr. robaqiZes sxvadasxva Sexeduleba hqondaT. magaliTisTvis

aRvniSnavT, rom Tu ivane gomarTeli am poemaSi ojaxs uyurebs rogorc kerZo

sakuTrebis principis gamomsaxvels, grigol robaqiZisTvis igi erTi `saxelovno

saSualebaa kerZoebis dasawyisis gamosaxvisas: kapitaluri xanac rom moispos da

dadges socialisturi, im SemTxvevaSic mindias tanjva sulier dramad darCeba;

mxolod maSin mgosani kerZoebis dasawyiss sxva saSualebiT dasaxavs~ (kolxida

1912W:3). amdenad, `vin-xanianis~ es braldebac morigi gaugebrobaa iseve, rogorc

48

robaqiZisTvis dekadenturi terminebis miwera. amasTan, `gvelis mWamelis~ Sesaxeb

werili gr. robaqiZes 1911 wels gamouqveynebia gazeTSi `Русская мысль~, magram

ufro adre, 1909 wlis martsa da maisSi leqciad waukiTxavs TbilisSi, quTaisSi,

foTSi, soxumSi, baTumsa da ozurgeTSi. iv. gomarTelma ki Tavisi mosazrebebi

`gvelis mWamelis~ Sesaxeb gamoaqveyna 1910 wels `sxivSi~ (kolxida 1912x:2).

polemika Sewyda. faqtebs `vin-xaniani~ versad gaeqca.

gr. robaqiZem es werili borjomidan gamoagzavna.

peterburgis universitetis qarTuli saTvistomos gamgeobam guliTadi

madloba uZRvna im pirT, vinc qarTuli saTvistomos sasargeblod borjomSi

saRamo-mejlisis gamarTvas Seuwyo xeli monawileobiT, SromiT Tu materialuri

daxmarebiT. gansakuTrebuli madloba ramdenime sxva pirTan erTad (griSaSvili,

abaSeli, m. s. kldiaSvilis asuli...) gadauxades leqtors, grigol robaqiZes

(kolxida 1912j:2). zusti informacia imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra wvlili Seitana robaqiZem

saqvelmoqmedo saRamos gamarTvaSi, ar mogvepoveba. radgan mas mimarTaven,

rogorc leqtors, unda vivaraudoT, rom leqcia an moxseneba waikiTxa.

cota mogvianebiT gr. robaqiZe quTaisSi qalTa wris krebaze gamosula da

maTTvis saintereso sakiTxze usaubria (kolxida 1912h1:2).

misi Sexedulebebi amjeradac, albaT, iseve saintereso iqneboda, rogorc iyo

sxva literaturul-sazogadoebrivi sakiTxebis Sesaxeb. grigol robaqiZis

leqciebi axali xedva iyo. es siaxleebi xSirad miuRebelic iyo farTo

sazogadoebisTvis. axalgazrda leqtorisTvis metismet gambedaobad Canda Zvelis

damsxveva da axal filosofiur-literaturul SexedulebaTa gacnoba-gavrceleba.

erT-erTi oponenti werda kidec: akakim rom leqcia waikiTxa, umravlesoba ar

daeTanxma mis mier gamoTqmul azrebs, magram aravin SekamaTebia, mainc kmayofilni

iyvneno. akaki sxvaa, robaqiZes ki `jer kritikulad vucqeriT. misi yvela naTqvami

WeSmaritebad ar migvaCnia da arc yvela Secdomas vapatiebT~ (droeba 1909W:3).

sapatiebeli gr. robaqiZes araferi Caudenia. mas bevr rames Secdomad uTvlidnen,

magram mogvianebiT drom cxadyo robaqiZis marTebuloba.

siaxle iyo maSin iseTi literaturuli saRamoc, sadac mwerlebi TavianT

nawarmoebebs kiTxulobdnen. `SabaTs, 8 maiss, 1910 w. grigol robaqiZe gamarTavs

literaturul saRamos~ (droeba 1910m:1), _ wers `droeba~. GgazeTis cnobiT, masSi

monawileoba unda mieRoT vaJa-fSavelas, niko lorTqifaniZes, Sio aragvispirels,

ioseb griSaSvils, kote mayaSvils, sandro SanSiaSvils... kritikuli etiudebi

unda waekiTxaT kita buaCiZes, ivane gomarTelsa da grigol robaqiZes (nawyveti

leqciidan `rusTavelis Semoqmedeba~).

am siaxles exmaureba `saxalxo gazeTic~: `dRes qarTul TeatrSi grigol

robaqiZe marTavs saintereso literaturul saRamos, romelSic monawileobas

49

iReben Cveni Zveli da axali mwerlebi... yoveli monawile waikiTxavs Tavis

nawarmoebs. aseTi saRamo pirvelia tfilisSi~ (saxalxo gazeTi 1910a:2).

meore dRes gazeTidan mkiTxveli igebs, rom CamoTvlil mweralTagan

saRamos ramdenime ver daswrebia: adamaSvili (mixeil javaxiSvili _ r. g.),

aragvispireli, abaSiZe, yifiani. mwerlebi TavianT nawarmoebebs rom kiTxulobdnen,

amiT maincdamainc ar aRfrTovanebula auditoria. `monawile mgosanTa da

beletristTagan arc erTs xeiriani kiTxva ar SesZlebia. es nakli Zlier cudad

moqmedebda mayurebelze~ (saxalxo gazeTi 1910b:3). es ar exeba vaJas, romlis

leqsebis `formis mSvenierebasa da Sinaarsis simdidres~ xazgasmiT aRniSnavs

avtori. aqve gaiJRerebs sayveduri saRamos momwyobis grigol robaqiZis mimarT:

griSaSvilis `kintouri kupletebi~ sruliad uadgilo iyo da robaqiZes

axalgazrda poetisTvis aseTi leqsis wakiTxva ar unda erCiao. dabolos,

mimomxilvelis sityviT, saRamo gamouxalisebiaT leqtorebs _ gomarTelsa da

robaqiZes.

avtori xazs usvams literaturuli saRamos mniSvnelobas: àseTi saRamo

CvenTvis axali rame iyo da dids interess warmoadgenda. imitom, rom man SeZlo

naTeleyo mayureblisaTvis Tanamedrove qarTuli literaturis ZiriTadi

mimarTuleba~ (saxalxo gazeTi 1910g:3).

aseTi iyo grigol robaqiZe _ novatori literatori.

misi leqciebisagan yovelTvis siaxles elodnen (èWvi ar aris, bevr axal

rames gadmogvcems baraTaSvilis Semoqmedebaze~ (droeba 1909x:3); `b. robaqiZe

Tavisebur da metad sagulisxmo daxasiaTebas aZlevs Cvenis didebulis mgosnis

Semoqmedebas~ (droeba 1908n:3) da ase Semdeg). mis leqciebs qarTuli

sazogadoebisTvis sruliad axal da ucnob ideur movlenad miiCnevda arCil

jorjaZec.

grigol robaqiZem icoda ara marto is, Tu ra unda eTqva axali, aramed isic,

Tu rogor eTqva. misi leqciebi Rrma Sinaarsisa da daxvewili formis sinTezi iyo.

`filosofiuri sakiTxebi Cveni sazogadoebisTvis raRac axals warmoadgendnen da

amitom miT ufro saWiroa, mkvlevarma masze mSvenieris formiT imoqmedos. amitom

kargad iqceva robaqiZe, rodesac igi Tavis leqciebs mxatvrulad warmosTqvams”

(droeba 1909j:3), _ werda dimitri uznaZe (Tumca, rogorc vnaxeT, es `kargi qceva~

xSirad kritikis sagani xdeboda). grigol robaqiZe cdilobda, Txrobis poetur-

eseisturi maneriT aseTive poetur garemoSi moeqcia msmeneli, raTa mas ara

mxolod moesmina, aramed egrZno, exila, lamis xeliT Sexeboda mweralTa

samyaros, romelzedac mouTxrobda leqtori.

`raRac axali~ filosofiuri sakiTxi iyo nicSes msoflmxedveloba,

miuxedavad imisa, rom robaqiZeze adre abramoviCma waikiTxa masze leqcia (droeba

50

1910n:3). ar viciT, ra iTqva da rogor, erTi kia _ mas gamoxmaureba ar mohyolia,

maSin roca grigol robaqiZis leqciiT aRtacebuli iyo yvela, maT Soris, akaki.

farTo sazogadoebamde nicSes filosofiis mitana rTuli, Zalze rTuli iyo,

magram gr. robaqiZem warmatebiT daZlia es sirTule. Rrmaazrovani sakiTxebi

iseTi formiT miawoda mravalricxovan auditorias, rom gasagebic yofiliyo da

sainteresoc. amiT qarTvel sazogadoebas evropaSi mimdinare movlenebi gaacno. es

mxolod nicSes msoflmxedvelobas ar exeba.

grigol robaqiZe nacnob sakiTxebsac ise ganixilavda, rom axal gzas, axal

problemas warmoaCenda. manamde aravis uTqvams vaJa geniosiao, robaqiZem ara

mxolod Tqva, daadastura kidec. sazogadoebam, rogorc Cans, uceb ver gaiTavisa

geniosis arseboba iqve, gverdiT. Sefaseba gadaWarbebulad CaTvales. drom ki,

rogorc umravles SemTxvevaSi, robaqiZis azri daadastura...

oponentebic ki aRiarebdnen, rom grigol robaqiZe ubadlo oratori iyo.

misi leqciebi, damajereblobis unariT gamorCeuli, publicistikaa, ramdenadac

axali ideebis damamkvidreblad warmoCindeba. axlis, manamde ar- gagonilis,

yuradRebis miRma darCenilis wamoweviT gr. robaqiZe sazogadoebis ganaTlebis

donis amaRlebas, gemovnebis daxvewas, evropuli xedvis danergvas cdilobda.

azris zemoqmedebiT sikeTis msaxureba, ukve arsebuli Tvalsazrisis axleburi

ganfena da mimdevrebis mopoveba publicistikis erT-erTi funqciaa.

mas farTo sazogadoeba usmenda aRtacebuli. ara, aRtacebuli ki ara,

monusxuli. `moxsenebam gastana sam saaTze metxans da mosmenil iqna im

yuradRebiT, romliTac mxolod gr. robaqiZes usmenen saqarTveloSi~, - werda

presa (nikoleiSvili 2000:197). mere ki didxans urtyamdnen xelisgulebs erTmaneTs.

iqneb vinmes moeCvenos, rom taSi SeiZleboda, ubralod, zrdilobis gamoc daekraT.

magram xalxi ar usmens mas, vinc ar moswons (magaliTad, ilia baxtaZis leqciaze

xalxi mravlad misula, magram bolomde leqtoris megobrebic ki ar darCenilan.

verc zrdilobam da verc megobrobam ver aiZula sazogadoeba, bolomde moesmina

uintereso leqcia.) (droeba 1910o:4).

grigol robaqiZes ki usmendnen, ixiblebodnen, fexze wamomdgarni ukravdnen

taSs.

51

II Tavi

Tematuri ciklebi da portretebi

1913-1914 wlebSi grigol robaqiZem `saxalxo gazeTSi~ gamoaqveyna werilebis

seria saTauriT `foTlebi~. Aavtors arsad miuniSnebia, ras gulisxmobda am

saxelwodebaSi, ratom waumZRvara Tavis rva eseistur monaxazs saerTo saTauri,

romelsac rubrikis funqcia daekisra da mkiTxvelis emocia-asociaciebzea

gaTvlili. `foTlebs~ erTi magistraluri xazi ar aerTianebda, Tumca, maTi

ZiriTadi nawili mwerlebis Semoqmedebis mimoxilvas daeTmo.

pirveli `foToli~ eZRvneba d’anuncios. Ggrigol robaqiZis sityviT, ìs

laTinTa momxiblavi geniis pirmSoa, dante aligieris namdvili memkvidre...

anuncios genialobis cecxlis natexs veravin waarTmevs~ (saxalxo gazeTi 1913b:3).

bevri mas mas arcTu saintereso mwerlad miiCnevs da misi romanebis

erTferovnebas usvams xazs, Tumca, mas gansxvavebuli nawarmoebebic aqvs. robaqiZis

azriT, romani anuncios `klasikur srulobamde~ hyavs ayvanili. `romanis

sicocxle, siyvarulis vneba, avtoris saxe rom vixmaroT, marmariloze danTxeul

sisxls gvagonebs~ (saxalxo gazeTi 1913g:3).

grigol robaqiZes yvelaze metad misi `triumfi sikvdilisa~ moswons. am

romanis kredo ovidiusis sityvebia _ arc uSenod da arc SenTan sicocxle ar

SemiZlia. anunciom am sityvebSi gaxsna siyvarulis problema _ uSenod sicocxle

ar SemiZlia, radgan uzomod miyvarxar, magram SenTanac ar SemiZlia sicocxle.

Aase iqceva siyvaruli saSinel tanjvad iqceva, romlisganac xsna erTia –

gardacvaleba.

sqesTa brZola da bediswera – sikvdili.

gr. robaqiZis azriT, am sabediswero brZolis asaxvisas anunciom àrwivis

frTebi~ gaSala.

`foTlebis~ avtors moswons romaelTa amayi poza, magram ara _

literaturaSi, radgan igi aqrobs klasikur ubraloebas, rac aucilebelia didi

xelovnebisTvis.

romanSi `cecxli~ ki manerulobam sZlia d’anuncios, riTac misi `genialobis

natexi~ daiCrdila.

grigol robaqiZe mkiTxvels sTavazobs erT Strixs mwerlis

portretisaTvis: anuncios valebi daedo da didebuli mamuli, sasaxliTa da

muzeum-biblioTekiT, gauyides. igi parizSi gadasaxlda. mogvianebiT mSobelma

mxarem uyida mas sasaxle.

isev amayi poza romaelTa da uari – cisqveS yvelgan Cemi saxlia.

52

ài, pasuxi namdvili patriciebis STamomavlisa~ (saxalxo gazeTi 1913d:3).

ase, eseisturi stiliT, meti mxatvruli StrixiT da naklebi analiziT

avtori mkiTxvels italieli mwerlis SemoqmedebasTan erTad mis Sinagan

samyarosac, xasiaTsac acnobs.

meore `foTolSi~ avtori erovnuli erTianobis aucileblobaze saubrobs.

erTma winadadebam eris uZlureba gadauSala Tvalwin grigol robaqiZes: ilia

WavWavaZis garSemo atexili dava, umjobesi iqneba, gamosarkvevad ruseTis mowinave

elementebs gadaeceso, _ amoukiTxavs gazeT `TemSi~.

`janmrTeli eri arasodes ar mimarTavs gareSe mxares Tavis Sinagan

uTanxmoebis gadasawyvetad~ (saxalxo gazeTi 1913e:3),_ darwmunebulia

“foTlebis”avtori. Tu eri mTliania, igi janmrTelia da yovelTvis moepoveba

Zalebi gaRrmavebuli winaaRmdegobebis mosagvareblad, masSi arsebuli

problemebis gadasaWrelad. SeiZleba vinmem eri mTlianobad ar CaTvalos, raki

masSi socialuri jgufebi ebrZvian erTmaneTs. magram ideaSi yoveli arsi

mTliania. winaaRmdegobebis miuxedavad, fizikuri sxeuli mTliani erTeulia.

asevea socialuri sxeulic – eri. mis sicocxles klasTa brZola verafers

daaklebs. metic, ramdenadac Rrmaa es brZola, imdenad Zlieria eri. erTi

SexedviT, es paradoqsulia, magram robaqiZe WeSmaritebas uwodebs.

winaaRmdegobaTa gadasalaxavad eri sxvas mimarTavs maSin, rodesac Tavad

kargavs erTianobas, mTlianobas. aseTi eri, grigol robaqiZis azriT, àvadia~,

avadmyofia.

sadac mTeli ar aris, arc nawilia, amdenad, arc brZolaa maT Soris.

`foTlebis~ avtori wuxs imis gamo, rom misi bedkruli sinamdvile daqsaqsuloba

da kinklaobaa mxolod. `ruseTSi mravali partia ebrZvis erTimeores, magram amiT

nevis prospeqts ara etyoba ra. CvenSi ki or partias Suaa gamarTuli brZola da

quTaisis bulvari sul am brZoliT sunTqavs~ (saxalxo gazeTi 1913v:3).

TiTqmis saukune gavida, magram Cven ar SevcvlilvarT. dResac daqsaqsulebi,

mokinklaveni da uzomod politizebulni varT. grigol robaqiZes Tu

daveyrdnobiT, eris avadmyofobiT unda aixsnas isic, sxva xalxisken xelgawvdilni

rom viTxovT Svelasa da mowyalebas.

Tu eris daqsaqsuloba misi avadmyofobis simptomia, maSin

gamosajanmrTeleblad gaerTianeba iqneba saWiro. es unda axsovdes yvelas, vinc

`saqarTvelos ideiT~ cocxlobs, sakuTari qveyana uyvars da masze zrunavs.

es is mtkivneuli sakiTxia, saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi rom mogvdgams,

emociurad, xSirad, paTetikurad ganvixilavT, magram realurad xelsac ki ar

vanZrevT...

53

grigol robaqiZis `foTlebis~ seria ioseb griSaSvilis poeziaze saubriT

grZeldeba.

i. griSaSvils zogi lanZRavda, zogi – gundruks ukmevda, rac, gr. robaqiZis

azriT, mis niWierebaze metyvelebda. `gverds mxolod uniWos auvlian xolme da

griSaSvili rom friad niWieria, es, mgoni, misi mtrebisaTvisac ar unda iyos

ucnobi~ (saxalxo gazeTi 1913z:3).

gava ramdenime weli da Cven vnaxavT, rogor Seicvlis avtori azrs. manamde

ki mis saqebrad arafers iSurebs, acxadebs Zlevamosil xelovnad, Tumca,

garkveul farglebSi – esaa poezia, romlis motivic `frTovani erosi” da

kocnaao.

grigol robaqiZe griSaSvils dekadentad Tvlis, miuxedavad imisa, rom masze

gavlena ar mouxdenia modernizms. i. griSaSvili aRmosavleTis Svilia. avlabris

poeziis gavlena mis leqsebSi Tamami SedarebebiT iCens Tavs, Tumca, robaqiZis

azriT, poetma aicila avlabris vulgaruloba. Avtoris azriT, swored aq

uaxlovdeba poeti modernistul poezias, TumCa, mxolod ramdenadme. werilis

avtori sagulisxmo rCevebsac aZlevs poets: imisTvis, rom aRmosavleli

dekadenti absurdamde ar mivides, gabedul SedarebebSi TavSekaveba unda

gamoiCinos; amasTan, sityvebisa da frazebis gameorebaSic ar unda gadascildes

sazRvrebs.

ioseb griSaSvilis muza avtors kekluc qalwulad warmoudgeba, romlis

`mziuri kiskasi~ xalisian riTmebad iSleba, magram musikalobiT gatacebuls

xSirad erRveva mxatvruli mTlianoba. Aamis magaliTad gr. robaqiZes moaqvs

striqoni `Sen Rimili riTmad gcviva da lurj wvimad mTis Sairi~, sadac irRveva

poeturi paraleli _ satrfos `riTmad~ scviva is, rac misia (Rimili), `lurj

wvimad~ ki – is, rac mas ar ekuTvnis (`mTis Sairi~) (saxalxo gazeTi 1913T:3).

avtoris azriT, aSuRi poeti yvelasagan gamoirCeva Tavisi àRmosavluri

modernistobiT~ da swored amiT aris mniSvnelovani misi Semoqmedeba; “marTalia,

griSaSvilis poezia viwro fargliT isazRvreba, magram isic marTalia, rom am

fargalSi igi Zlevamosili xelovania~ (saxalxo gazeTi 1913i:3), _ aseTi mosCans

ioseb griSaSvili `foTlebidan~.

grigol robaqiZe mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi yovelTvis eZebs Zlier mxares. mas

moswons axalgazrda mwerali aristo WumbaZe rogorc sityvisTvis feradebiT

xorcisSemsxmeli. marTalia, mis sityvaSi marmarilo ar aris gamokveTili da arc

brinjaos jReradoba aqvs, _ wers `foTlebis~ avtori, _ magram `nair-nairi feri,

uTvali yvavili, axal-axali saxe, _ yvela es mis xelqveiT aris... misi sityva

Tval-momWrel landSaftad iSleba~ (saxalxo gazeTi 1913k:3). iqvea safrTxec –

`xorcianobiT~ zedmetad gataceba. Zvirfasi samkauli lamazia, magram mravlad

54

asxma, aWreleba, momxibvlelobas ukargavs mas da laxavs esTetikur gemovnebas.

aseve iTqmis sityvaze. Ggr. AazriT, a. WumbaZe iq, metismetad Warbad iyenebs ferebsa

da yvavilebs iq, sadac mxolod erTi “madliani xazgasmaa” saWiro.

saliteraturo saRamoze aristo WumbaZes waukiTxavs Tavisi moTxrobis

(`mTis asuli~) pirveli Tavi. akakis grigol robaqiZisTvis CauCurCulebia:

SesaZloa, es gaxdes is mwerali, romelsac Sen moelio. dRevadneli gadasaxedidan

es Sefaseba gadaWarbebuli Cans, magram is nawyveti, robaqiZis TqmiT, namdvilad

momajadoebeli yofila da amitom gadaumetebia SefasebaSi akakis. msgavsi ram arc

manamde dauweria axalgazrda mwerals da arc mas Semdego, _ acxadebs

`foTlebis~ avtori.

robaqiZis sityviT, xelovnebis qmnilebas paTosi “acxovelebs~. paTosi –

namdvili cecxli, RvTiurobis momaswavebeli (TviTonac xom ambobda _ cecxliT

viwvi, Cemi Semoqmedebis cecxliTo)... xolo a. WumbaZis paToss emuqreba safrTxe –

sicive da simSrale. Aaxalgazrda mwerlis manerulobis aRsawerad gr. robaqiZe

aseT Sedarebas mimarTavs: `WumbaZe paTosis mJRavnebis Jams uTuod mitropolitis

sacmeliT imoseba da miT klavs mis usaSvelo ubraloebas~ (saxalxo gazeTi

1913l:3). amasTan, `foTlebis~ avtoris sityviT, a. WumbaZis nawerebSi fabula metad

sustia, mxatvris sulSi ar aris momwifebuli. marTalia, garegnuli forma Zalze

mniSvnelovania, magram fabula mainc mTavaria. amitom avtori mwerals urCevs, mas

didi yuradReba miaqcios.

kita abaSiZem axalgazrda mwerals simbolisti uwoda, raSic gr. robaqiZe ar

daeTanxma, _ a. WumbaZis nawerebSi simbolizmis verc erT niSans ver aRmovaCenTo.

`mgosnuri xateba”, mxatvruli saxis gamoyeneba simbolozmze ar miuTiTebs, ase

rom iyos, yoveli poeti simbolisti iqneboda.

kita abaSiZis Sefasebis miuxedavad, drom da literaturaTmcodneobam

aristo WumbaZe simbolistad ar miiRo.

Ggrigol robaqiZis SeniSvnebis toni megobrulia, RvarZliTa da SuriT ar

aris gaJRenTili (rac xSirad ikveTeba xolme sxvaTa kritikul werilebSi). roca

Tavad gr. robaqiZes akritikebdnen, ramdenjer gvigrZnia, rom kritika

saxelganTqmuli adamianis ganqiqebis surviliT iyo gamowveuli. grigol robaqiZe

kritikul SeniSvnebs werda imisaTvis, rom mwerals momavalSi aRar gaemeorebina

Secdoma, gaesworebina mwerluri Semecnebis veqtori.

mexuTe `foToli~ aleqsandre abaSelis poeziis Rirsebasa da naklovanebas

exeba. Ggrigol robaqiZis azriT, mis poezias `rkveuli xazmosma, mtkice Wedi da

mkafio xati~ aklia. amiT xsnis avtori a. abaSelis poeturi suraTebis àra

mTlianobis STabeWdilebas~, xolo roca am nakls Tavidan icilebs, `mZlavr

xelovnad~ warmoCindebao, _ askvnis gr. robaqiZe (saxalxo gazeTi 1913m:2). werilis

55

mcire moculoba avtors saSualebas ar aZlevs, isaubros a. abaSelis poeziis sxva

mxareebze: erosis amoSretaze, balmontis gavlenaze, romlisganac poeti TandaTan

Tavisufldeba da sxva. amjerad mas abaSelis riTma ainteresebs.

Ggrigol robaqiZisTvis riTma is samkaulia, romelic organulad erwymis

leqsis sxeuls: `ramdenad srulia leqsi, imdenad TanSezrdilia masTan riTma;

maTi erTi-meorisagan gayofa sasikvdiloa orivesaTvis; leqsi cocxlobs rogorc

sxeuli-individualoba, riTma scocxlobs rogorc misi tkbilxmovani monada~

(saxalxo gazeTi 1913n:2). am mxriv, a. abaSelis riTma `foTlebis~ avtorisTvis

metad unugeSoa.

Eena Zlevamosili xelovania da Tavis stiqiaSi amzadebs riTmebs. Ggr.

robaqiZis sityviT, es xSirad atyvevebs poetebs, romlebic brmad imeoreben

riTmebs. mza riTmis gamoyeneba poetis niWierebaSi eWvis Setanis safuZvels iZleva.

a. abaSelis mier gamoyenebul riTmebSi xSirad ar Cans originaloba,

sakuTari migneba, amitomac is susti da Raribia. Ggr. robaqiZe iwunebs poets,

romelsac im dros `mzis mgosans~ uwodebdnen. Tavadac `mzis stili~ daurqmevia

leqsTa krebulisTvis. magram mzis wamdauwum xseneba, jer kidev ar niSnavs, rom

igi `mzis mgosania~.

megobruli kilos miuxedavad, grigol robaqiZes brali dasdes, naklis

aRmoCena gixariao. vinc me micnobs, amas ver damwamebso, _ iuara gr. robaqiZem. Mmis

werilebSi naTlad Cans, Tu ratom amxels nakls kritikosi, mas mweralTa

daxmareba surs da ara Tavis gamoCena an kritikiT vinmes daCagvra.

literaturul cxovrebaSi uamravi iseTi faqti xdeba, romelsac

gamomzeureba, mkiTxvelTa samsjavroze gamotana sWirdeba, _ swams kritikoss.

grigol robaqiZis `foTlebi~ sxvisi nakliT tkboba da aRtaceba ki ar aris,

aramed miukerZoebeli ganxilva, gansja, msjeloba gaxlavT. `me foTolSi vexebi

nakls imdenad, ramdenadac msurs momavalSi igi aicdinos mweralma. es

sasargeblo iqneba rogorc misTvis, ise qarTuli poeziisTvis~ (saxalxo gazeTi

1914a:3), _ wers gr. robaqiZe.

momdevno `foTolSi~ avtori naklze ar saubrobs. Ees aris Strixebi

aleqsandre yazbegis portretisaTvis, dauviwyari wamebi misi cxovrebidan,

romlebic tkbilmoqarTule niko lomourma moigona da gr. robaqiZem gadmosca:

avadmyof sandros `SeSlilTa saxlSi” mnaxvelebma sandros erTi misi wigni

miutanes. “sandro furclavs wings, dascqeris ucnaurad. bolos erTs furcelze

SeCerdeba, TiTqo raRacas amoikiTxavs, guls miixutebs ucbad wigns da mnaxvelTa

cota mwyrali macqerali xels aqnevs meores, TiTqo maT eubneba, am wigns aRar

daganebebTo~ (saxalxo gazeTi 1914b:3).

es wami arasdros damaviwydebao, _ wers grigol robaqiZe.

56

mwerali, romelic cocxal sinamdviles qmnis da ara `sqematur allegorias~,

`Tval-Ria sizmars~ xedavs, rac, `foTlebis~ avtoris azriT, damaxasiaTebelia

al. yazbegis fantaziisaTvis.

ecnaura robaqiZes lomouris mogoneba: sandro hyolia stumrad gorSi.

saubroben, uecrad sandros saxe ecvleba, aqeT-iqiT icqireba, landebTan saubars

iwyebs.

_ ra gemarTeba, sandro?

_ Cemi gmirebi momelandnen da maT vesaubrebodio, _ saarafrod uTqvams

yazbegs (saxalxo gazeTi 1914g: 3).

es namdvili fantaziaa Zlevamosili xelovanisa, Zlieri literaturuli

fantazia, romelic aocebda grigol robaqiZes.

`Cveni poezia erosis mxriT sustia Zalze... yazbegi erotul vnebis asaxvaSi

is Zlevamosili xelovania, romelmac ar icis, Tu ra aris siZnele da

dabrkoleba~ (saxalxo gazeTi 1914d:3), _ wers avtori.

bolo `foToli~ xotbis Sesxmaa aRmosavleTis geniosi Svilis, ubadlo

xelovanis – rabindranaT Tagorisadmi.

1913 wlis zafxulSi `ruskaia vedomostSi~ grigol robaqiZes ùcnobi da

ucnauri~ poetis oriode leqsi waukiTxavs. `Zlieri iyo da sul axali gul-neba

am oriode leqsiT gamowveuli~ (saxalxo gazeTi 1914e:3). miuxedavad imisa, rom

robaqiZe ambobda, Targmna ar mexerxebao, erT leqss (`bavSvebi zRvis piras

TamaSoben~) ise dautyvevebia, rom uTargmnia kidec. sazogadoebis reaqciiT

dainteresebulis lodini sasurvelad ar dasrulebula. patara qmnileba,

romelSic mTeli sibrZnea Cakiruli, ar moewonaT – bundovaniao. `Seqspiris

`hamlets~ ubralo mkiTxveli ver gaigebs, xolo amiT igi qmnileba odnav ar

hkargavs Tavis genialobas, SesaZloa, romelime smena-ganuviTarebels bethovenis

simfonia `kakafoniad~ moeCvenos, magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom bethoveni

`bundovania~ (saxalxo gazeTi 1914v:4). nawarmoebis gasagebad ganviTarebis

garkveuli donea saWiro. amasTan, bolos da bolos, romelime qmnilebis Rirsebis

dasaxasiaTeblad mTavari is xom ar aris, gaigo Tu ara igi yvelam, aramed is, Tu

imiT vin ra gaigo.

`bundovanma~ xelovanma mTeli evropa daatyveva da nobelis premiis

laureatic gaxda. masSi ìseTi sinaTle dainaxes, romelmac Tvali mosWra

xelovnebis namdvil damfasebelT~ (saxalxo gazeTi 1914z:4).

RvTiuria Tagoris marjvena.

genialuria misi Semoqmedeba, kiTxulob da maradisobas grZnob, _ aseTia

robaqiZis reziume...……

`foTlebis~ avtors moaqvs erTi leqsi `gitanjalidan~.

57

dakarguli satrfos Zebna...

misi saxli didi ar aris da icis, rac gahqra, arasodes dabrundeba, magram

vrcelia uflis sacxovrebeli. “mis ZebnaSi me movel Sens bWemde... me movel

maradisobis sazRvramde, saidanac ara daikargeba ra: arca imedi, arca netareba da

arca saxe, cremlebSi xiluli. hoi, CasZire, ufalo, Cemi dacalierebuli

sicocxle am okeaneSi, CasZire igi TviT mis fskeramde; momec me erTbaSad Zala,

rom msoflios yovelSemcvelobaSi vigrZno dakarguli saTuTi Sexeba~ (saxalxo

gazeTi 1914T:4).

satrfo dakarga, magram grZnobs, rom `maradobis samTavroSi~ araferi

ikargeba, ufali yoveli arsis Tavi da boloa. `maradobis samTavro~ okeanea,

romelSic uTuod dascuravs dakarguli satrfo... ufals evedreba, misces Zala am

okeaneSi CaZirvis, raTa amiT satrfos Sexeba igrZnos. àmas iqiT gana kidev wava

sibrZne lamaz samoselSi gaxveuli?!. Msoflio literaturaSi es ramdenime sityva

sagalobelad darCeba maradis~ (saxalxo gazeTi 1914i:4), _ askvnis grigol

robaqiZe.

Rrma aris aRmosavleTi.

mis gareSe qarTvelebic mxolod `fiziologiuri erTeulni~ gaxdebian.

rusTavelma gamoxata Cveni stili – eladisa da aRmosavleTis sinTezi. robaqiZis

rwmeniT, Tu am gzas gadavuxvevT, ufskrulSi gadaviCexebiT.

Rrma aris aRmosavleTi...

rabindranaT Tagori misi Svilia _ namdvili qurumia, msxverplSemwirveli

(misi `gitanjali~ swored `msxverplSewirvania~, avtoris azriT).

Rrma aris aRmosavleTi...Tagori mis RviZl Svilad darCa da amiT evropac

daipyro.

ori wlis Semdeg gazeT `saqarTveloSi~ qveyndeba grigol robaqiZis

`rabindranat taboridan~.

saidan movdi, sad mnaxe?

dedam gulSi Caikra Svili da upasuxa: `Sen dafluli iyav, Cemo yrmav, Cems

gulSi survilis saxiT...

Sen sufevdi Cemi bavSvobis TamaSis dedofalebSi~ (saqarTvelo 1915a:3). dedas

aocebs jadosnuri Zala, romelmac wvrilsa da saTuT xelebSi qveynis saunje

Caugdo.

Tagori mudam eZebs RmerTs.

`me Tavs viqebdi xalxTa winaSe, rom gicnob Sen, ufalo. isini mzeren Sens

saxes yovels Cems naqnarSi. isini modian da mekiTxebian me: vin aris igi? me ar

vici, ra vuTxra maT. da vambob: WeSmaritad, ar ZalmiZs Tqma. isini mZraxven me da

midian dacinviTa. Sen ki aqve zixar, ufalo da iRimebi.

58

samarado simRerebSi gardavavlen me Cems moTxrobas Senze, ufalo.

... hai, hai, rom vinmem icodes, Tu ras mRerian Cemi simRerani?! (saqarTvelo

1915b:3).

xalxi icinis, ufali iRimeba.

MmaSinac da dResac Zalze cotam icis, raze `mReroda~ rabindranaT Tagori...

saxli bnelia da ganmartoebuli. qalwulo, `momec me Seni sanaTuri!~ qalma

mdinares gaayola lampari, romelic axla umiznod miscuravs.

`momec me Seni sanaTuri!~

qalwulma cas Seswira lampari da axla igi umiznod iwvis udabnoSi.

`momec me Seni sanaTuri!~

Cemi lampari JinJRilTa karnavals SevuerTe. ùmiznod ikargeboda cecxlTa

Soris~ (saqarTvelo 1915g:3).

mwyurvals wyali davalevine. saxeli mkiTxa.

ra gagikeTe me Sen iseTi, rom Cemi saxeli daixsomo? _ ukvirs Tagors,

_`xolo xseneba mis, rom me SevZel SenTvis wyalis mocema Seni wyurvilis

dasaneleblad, arasodes moscildeba Cems guls da sitkboSi gaaxvevs~

(saqarTvelo 1915d:3).

erTi aRmosavluri sibrZne gagvaxsenda: brZens hkiTxes, ra unda daviviwyoT

da ra unda gvaxsovdeso? Tu vinmes keTilad moeqceviT, daiviwyeT, xolo Tu vinme

Tqven mogeqcevaT keTilad, mudam gaxsovdeT! – aseTi iyo aRmosavleli brZenis

pasuxi. am mcire gadaxvevis Semdeg Tagors davubrundeT...

nakaduls qaRaldis navebi miaqvs, baRis yvavilebiT datvirTuli.

lirikulma gmirma gaatana es navebi wyals, Savi asoebiT daawera Tavisi da

Tavisi soflis saxelebi. imedi _ `vinme naxavs maT Soreuls ucxo mxares da

gaigebs, vina var me~... (saqarTvelo 1915e:3).

sizmarSi xedavs, rogor miaqvT navebs tvirTi – sizmriT savse kalaTebi.

caze Rrublebi uSveben ialqnebs.

xalxi icinis...

`hai, hai, rom vinmem icodes Tu ras mRerian Cemi simRerani?!~ (saqarTvelo

1915v:3).

`foTlebis~ seria rabindranaT Tagorze saubriT sruldeba.

1914 welia... 1 ianvars gazeTma `Temma~ ramdenime pirovnebas,

sazogadoebasa da gazeTs nakvesebiT mimarTa. maTgan movixmobT erTs, romelic

grigol robaqiZes eZRvneba: `mzesa aqvs erTi nakli, ar SeuZlian dainaxos Tavisi

Tavi (sokrate)~ (Temi 1914:3).

pirveli msoflio omis dros robaqiZe iranSia, sadac gaicno momavali

meuRle nino domenskaia. masze lamazi qali ar Semxvedria, magram Zneli

59

dasaurvebeliao, _ werda grigol robaqiZe pirad werilSi. ninos mSoblebi baqoSi

cxovrobdnen. metad mZime dro iyo – omi, Seferxebuli mimosvla, gaWirveba da

epidemia. nino domenskaia, meuRlis survilis sawinaaRmdegod, qaliSvilTan erTad

baqoSi gaemgzavra. bavSvi dasneulda da gardaicvala.

grigol robaqiZem es veRar apatia cols. meuRleebi ganqorwindnen.

ramdenime wlis Semdeg robaqiZem gaicno elena fialkina. meore qorwineba

ufro bednieri aRmoCnda, ramdenadac elena meuRlis warmartebebisa Tu

warumateblobis erTguli Tanamoziare iyo sicocxlis bolomde. Llegendad aris

SemorCenili erTi SemTxveva: ucxoeTSi gamgzavrebis win fialkina avad gamxdara.

robaqiZe iZulebuli gamxdara, bileTebi daebrunebina. Semdeg Seutyvia, rom gemi,

romliTac unda gamgzavrebuliyo, daiRupa. ase ixsna col-qmris sicocxle elena

fialkinas avadmyofobam. amboben, rom amis Sedeg grigols es qali Tavis

bediswerad, fortunad miuCnevia da mTeli simcocxlis ganmavlobaSi misi

maRmerTebeli yofila (CemTvis... 1996a:411). cnobilia misi ruduneba, romliTac

dastrialebda Tavs Svidi wlis ganmavlobaSi loginad Cavardnil meuRles. am

wlebis ganmavlobaSi robaqiZe morCilad iTavsebda momvlelis, meddis,

damlageblis, mzareulis, mrecxavis funqciebs. es iyo umagaliTo Tavdadeba

avadmyofi meuRlis mimarT. Eelena fialkinas gardacvalebidan gavida ramdenime

weli da grigol robaqiZem mesamed gadawyvita daqorwineba. magram amaze Semdgom...

axla ki robaqiZis werilebis seria saTauriT `dionisos kulti da

saqarTvelo~.

1917 welia, eri gaerTianebas iwyebs. grigol robaqiZe am procesze,

`xelmwifebiTi yalibis~ saWiroebaze msjelobs. `xolo aris sakiTxi sxva gvaric:

saqarTvelo, _ Tu gind erToblivi da mTliani, _ ubralo geografiul naglejs

warmoadgens Tu igi erTgvari sxeulia msoflio Semoqmedi sulis cnaurebisa.

saqarTvelos ideologiam es sakiTxi arc ki icis~ (saqarTvelo 1917a:2), _ wers igi

gazeT `saqarTveloSi~.

arseboben `msoflio Semoqmedi~ da Tu sruliad umoqmedo ara, naklebi

faseulobis Semqmneli erebi. saqarTvelo sulieri samyaros is saxea, romelic

mtkiced aris nakveTi. Cven ase gvwams, magram saWiroa dasabuTeba.

Ggrigol robaqiZe saqarTvelos istoriisTvis niSandobliv movlenas

gamoyofs _ msoflio mniSvnelobis dionises kultze iwyebs msjelobas.

robaqiZiseuli ganxilva esTetikuria. avtoris TqmiT, es aris erTgvari cda

im masalebis Sekrebisa, romelic saqarTvelos momaval ideologias unda

gaeTvaliswinebina.

es iyo Sesavali, Semdeg ki mimoixilavs, Tu rogor iCenda Tavs es kulti

sxvadasxva qveyanaSi. Tavdapirvelad – dioniso TrakiaSi.

60

sabos, sabazios, bassreus, gigon, dialos – ase sxvadasxvagvarad uxmobdnen

dionisos Trakielebi.

Rame, JinJRilebiT ganaTebuli mTebis kalTebi.

orgia. musika. mutribTa Rriali. da am grails _ `SeSlilobamdis mxiblavi~

fleita.

aRtyinebuli medResaswauleni, velur musikaze acekvebulni, metwilad,

qalebi, erTmaneTs gadaxveulni, TiTqmis SiSvelni, rqebiT `TavdamSvenebulni~:

`TmagaSlilni, cal xelSi gvelebiT, xanjlebs aelvareben, suroSi xveulebs,

dabolos daecemian zvarakad ganmzadils cxovels. hklaven, sisxls svamen da

um xorcs Wamen~ (saqarTvelo 1917b:2).

am erTgvari maniiT isini gadalaxaven piraduls, RmerTi gundSia, mocekvaveTa

rkalSi gamoCndeba xari-RmerTi anda mimebi ansaxiereben mas bRaviliT.

gunds xar-RmerTSi gaTqvefa surs. isini iqcevian dionises msaxurebad,

radgan monawileni arian misi epifaniisa (dabrunebis, movlenis). RmerTTan

Sesxeulebuls, erTadqceuls uwodeben `sabos~, `sabazios~, _ Tavad dionisos.

anTebulTa, agznebulTa, mTvralTa buneba icvleba. ìqmneba mdgomareoba,

romelSic tkivils aRar hqvia tkivili, es gznebaa, saerTo gzneba...

suli TiTqos gamosulia sxeulidan. Yyvelas eufleba eqstazi anu is, rasac

grigol robaqiZe `gardamaval SeSlilobas~ uwodebs da sazRvravs ara rogorc

ubralo sigiJes, aramed `hieromanias~ (`wminda SeSlilobas~), romliTac suli

eziareba RvTaebas. àq imarTeba pirvelSi afrTovanebis mantika: iseTi winaxedva,

romliTac dionisoTi avsili suli momavlsa sWvrets. aqedan: `qadagad davardna~

da qadageba. afrTovanebis mantikis matarebelni menadebia (menada: gapirovnebuli

Tavdaviwyeba RvTaebiTs avsilobasi da netari amoxeTqa am avsilobis uZiro

wyalTagan)~ (saqarTvelo 1917g:2). ikveTeba mTeli gundi winaswarmetyvelTa

(`SewirulTa~): sibilebi da bakhidebi.

dionisos kulti moedo eladas. aq gvxvdeba koribantizmi, rasac avtori

dionisuris monaTesave movlenas uwodebs _ religiur SeSlilobas. àvads~ Caesmis

salamuris xma, aSlilia, Wirveuli, cekvis JiniT Sepyrobili, demoniT gaxelebuli.

aseT àvadebs~ cekviTa da musikiT arCendnen, ukmayofilebdnen Jins.

dionisos kults marTavs melampi (naxevrad miTiuri arseba), romelic

apolonis msaxuric aris. melampma gansazRvra dionisiebis, dionises

dResaswaulebis dro (noemberi an dekemberi) da adgili (parnasis veli). apoloni

dionises arTmevs velurobas. misi msaxuri, qali-qurumi piTia svams wminda wyals,

wovs samsxverplo sisxls da samfexaze mjdari qadagebs. am samfexas qveS dionise

marxia. àq isaxeba dionisosa da apolos simboliuri SeerTeba: dioniso rogorc

61

RmerTi qvecnaurebis, apollo rogorc RmerTi zesxivosnobis~ (saqarTvelo

1917d:2).

eladam dionisos fenomeni miTologiurad daamuSava. `pirveli: dioniso

gamodis Zevesis (zevsis, _ r. g.) Svilad. deda pirveli – persefona (bneleTis

qali-mTavari). `dioniso-pirveli~: zagrei: _ titanebi miityueben mas TavisTan

sarkis pirispir, romelSiac igi mzers Taviss asaxielebas (pirveli simbolo

individuaciisa, anu ganpirovnebis)~ (saqarTvelo 1917e:2). zagrei gaiqceva, iqceva

sxvadasxva sxeulad (ganpirovnebis meore simbolo). bolos, roca xarad

gadaiqceva, titanebi daewevian, gaglejen (ganpirovnebis mesame simbolo) da

ylapaven. mis guls ixsnis aTina. Zevsi gawyreba da anacrebs titanebs

“peruniT”(cecxliT). am nacridan adamianTa modgma warmoiSva. dionisos guls

ylapavs Zevesi, romelic `Tibanel mefis asulTan~, samelasTan SeerTebis Semdgom

warmoSobs `meore dionisos~.

meore: adamiani ori elementisagan warmosdgeba – dionisurisa da

titanurisagan. dionisuri elementi iswrafvis SeuerTdes axal dionisos “diad

yovladobaSi”, titanuri elementi ki ikavebs adamians individualizaciis

(ganpirovnebis) rkalSi. adamianis vali Tavis TavSi titanuris morevaa.

mesame: adamianis suli ukvdavia, magram ara _ Tavisufali. igi dabadebisa da

sikvdilis usazRvro `rkalSia~ moqceuli. orfikuli sicocxle ar aTavisuflebs

suls imTaviTve. amisTvis saWiroa saiqios mravaljer `sxvadqceva~, saxis cvla.

ase nabij-nabij, cvalebaTa Semdgom SeuZlia suls, savsebiT eziaros, esxeulos

dionises.

meoTxe werilSi grigol robaqiZe dionises saidumloze saubrobs da

mkiTxvels uxsnis, rom es kulti msxverplis Sewirvaa.

pirovnuloba yoveli borotebis saTavea. individualizmis lamazi WurWeli,

rac `sxivosani Cvenebaa mxolod~ (Zveli indoelebis `maia~), unda daimsxvres da

masSi moqceuli sicocxlis nakaduli `msoflio uZiro denas~ unda SeerTos. aq

aris msxverpli da Semwirveli.

Tavdapirvelad, cocxal adamianebs swiravdnen msxverplad. herodote

mogviTxrobs: getebis (frakielTa eTnikuri Sto) RmerTi zalmoksisi lxinis dros

auwyebs xalxs, rom sikvdili cvalebaa. Semdeg qvesknelSi Cadis da meoTxe wels

brundeba. ambobs, rom is da misi msaxurni cocxalni arian saiqios. yovel sam

weliwadSi getebi wilisyriT irCeven maxarobels, romelsac RmerTTan gzavnian

davalebiTa da TxovniT. gagzavnis wesi ki aseTia: èrTni rigad gaimarTebian,

romelTac win gamowvdili Subebi uWiravT, sxvani waavleben xels maxarobels,

moiqneven da Subebze dascemen. Tu mokvda, _ zalmoksisi mwyalobelia, _ fiqroben

isini; Tu ar mokvda ganmiruli, _ maSin isini swyevlian mas, rogorc uwmidurs, _

62

da meores gzavnian maxaroblad~ (saqarTvelo 1917v:2). maxarobelma saiqios myofT

unda uTxras, rom maT cocxlebad miiCneven am qveyanaze, dabrunebuli ki

gamgzavnelebs auwyebs, rom imqveynad sicocxle grZeldeba. maxarobeli axali

zalmoksisia, davalebebi – locvebi RvTisadmi. swored aq ikveTeba adamianis

gaRmerTeba _ Tu mokvda, Rirsia gagzavnis anu gaRmerTebis.

cocxali adamianebis msxverplad Sewirvam, sabolood, simboluri saxe miiRo.

mokvdineba `mokvlis saxiobam~ Secvala, adamiani – cxovelma, gansakuTrebiT –

xarma, romelic veluri, daucxromeli warmomSobi Zalis simboloa. garda amisa,

arsebobs falosis kulti, rogorc nayofierebis simbolo.

grigol robaqiZis ganmartebiT, xar-RmerTis akuwva niSnavs titanebis mier

dionisos daglejas da orfeosis akuwvas menadebis mier.

mexuTe werili dionisosa da xis kultis kavSirs xsnis.

`magneziaSi dioniso daaviwydaT. igi gamoCndeba xolme grigalisagan

gadamtvreuls Wadaris totebSi~ (saqarTvelo 1917z:2). amasTan, Zvelad cnobili

iyo, rom dioniso muxaSi cocxlobs. RmerTi dodonas wminda muxis foTlebis

SrialiT gamoxatavda Tavis nebas.

Tebes svetebi, suroTi Sexveuli, dionisos asaxierebda. mis kultSi suro

xSirad gvxvdeba.

SemwirvelTa gvirgvini sxvadasxva RmerTis wminda xis foTlebisagan ikvreba:

dafnis, muxis, zeTisxilis... xandaxan gveli icavs muxas, rogorc, magaliTad,

kolxeTSi. robaqiZe ganmartavs, rom Tavad xe ki ar iyo RmerTi, aramed romelime

RmerTs axasiaTebda... dioniso zogjer xiT (gansakuTrebiT, muxiTa da suroTi)

cxaddeboda.

mas Semdeg, rac mkiTxvels dawvrilebiT gaacnobs dionises kults, avtori

Cvens uZveles ritualebTan avlebs paralelebs. misi mtkicebiT, saqarTveloSi

dionisos kultis naSTebi bevrgan aris SemorCenili. kaxeTSi, sofel awyuraSi 14

agvistos TeTri giorgoba aRiniSneba. didZali xalxi (ara mxolod qristianebi,

aramed TaTaric da lekic). eklesias gars Semouvlis samjer an Svidjer. win

qalebi midian, ukan vaJebi miyvebian, rigrigobiT galoben didebas. saRamos

eklesiisken mieSurebian. karibWesTan giorgis romelime mona davardeba, saydarSi

ise ver Sexval, Tu zed ar Sedgebi an ar gadaabijeb. TeTrebSi gamowyobili qali

acekvdeba gatacebiT. drogamoSvebiT ki gminavs da ikrunCxeba.

mohyavT msxverpli – rqebze sanTlebanTebuli xari. Tavs daecemian da Tu

xari ar dacxra, xalxi ambobs, albaT, msxverpli arawminda guliT aris

Semowirulio.

63

es TiTqos qristianuli dResaswauli mraval warmarTul niSans amJRavnebs.

grigol robaqiZe cal-calke gamohyofs procesiis im maxasiaTeblebs, rac

dionisurs ukavSirdeba:

eklesiis Semovla RamiT gvagonebs dionisur procesias, romelic aseve RamiT

imarTeboda

gundebis rigrigad galoba dionisiebis musikis TanxlebiT jivilxivils

hgavs.

procesiaSi qalebis win yofna migviTiTebs, rom aqac qalebi pirveloben.

TeTrebSi mocekvave qali, romelic ikrunCxeba da gminavs, SeiZleba iTqvas,

pirdapiri dionisuri aSlilobaa.

wm. giorgis monebi igiveni arian, rac dionises msaxurni.

qadagni sibilebsa da bakhidebs utoldebian.

`xari-msxverpli: _ es dionisos gamomsaxveli xar-RmerTis namdvili naSTia.

xalxi Sesawiri xaris Sesaxeb rasac ambobs, gvagonebs getebis sityvebs

zalmoksisisadmi gasagzavni maxaroblis Sesaxeb _ Tu mokvda, ese igi, RmerTTan

gagzavnis Rirsia.

karebSi davadnili kaci adamianis msxverplad Sewirvis simboloa.

dacemuls kacze gadaivlian: es udris msxverpliT ziarebas uzenaes arsisas~

(saqarTvelo 1917T:2).

xaris rqebze sanTlebs anTeben. dionisos kultSi xar-fetiSs rqebiT

saxavdnen.

saydris rkalze Zafs avleben. Zafi da saerTod qsovili dionises

atributTagania.

am ritualebis ganxilvis Semdeg grigol robaqiZe askvnis, rom awyuris

dResaswauli dionisos kultis uamrav niSans atarebs da misi utyuari

gamoZaxilia.

Aavtoris azriT, dionisiebis niSnebi fSav-xevsureTSic aris Semonaxuli,

magaliTad, xevis beri, dekanozi, xucesi xats rom emsaxurebian da mis survils

xalxs ucxadeben, es piTias msaxurebas uTanabrdeba.Ggr. robaqiZe mimoixilavs sxva

dResaswaulebsac (qarTlSi – gerisTaoba, raWaSi – nacixuroba, svaneTSi _

`limpiaris dReoba~, afxazeTSi _ pirvelyvaviloba anu `mizitxu~) da dionisiebis

miniSnebebs poulobs. Aavtoris daskvniT, dionises kulti CvenSi droTa

ganmavlobaSi mimqrala an sxva kults umZlavria, magram odesRac gavrcelebuli

rom iyo, misi naSTebi mowmobs.

meSvide werilia sityva saboloo, sadac grigol robaqiZe cnobili

germaneli filosofosis mier aRqmul dioniseze saubrobs: `dionisos fenomeni

fridrix nicSem gadaSala mTeli misi uZiro saidumloTi... nicSe miudga heladas

64

esTetiuri gancdiT: esTetiuri aTviseba – es mTavari mizania nicSesi yvelgan~

(saqarTvelo 1917i:2).

Aamis Semdeg avtori dionises fenomenis religiuri mniSvnelobaze msjelobs.

misi TqmiT, dionises kulti daiwyo aRapiT sasaflaoze. sikvdilisa da

sicocxlis RmerTi im “saxsariT” unda gaxsniliyo, sadac mTavrdeba sikvdili da

iwyeba sicocxle. sasaflaoze gamarTuli àRapi~ swored es “saxsaria”. aq ara

marto sikvdilis saSinelebas ganicdidnen, aramed sicocxlis arssac grZnobdnen.

Zvel xalxTa cxovrebaSi xSirad gvxvdeba sasaflaoze gamarTuli `sqesuri

orgiazmi~.

`sulis saqme~ CvenSic sasaflaoze sruldeba, amave dros, iqve imarTeba

Rreoba. ucnauria, magram sicocxlis asaTamaSeblad sasaflaos virCevT. ar

moiZebneba, mgoni, meore iseTi xalxi, romelic qarTvelebiviT advilad urigdeba

sikvdilis saSinelebaso, _ wers gr. robaqiZe.

qarTvelobam mZafrad ganicada dionisuroba. Cvens istorias grigol

robaqiZe dionisur misteriad aRiqvamda, radgan Cven mZafrad aRviqvamT sikvdilsa

da sicocxles, gaqrobasa da aRdgenas. Zvel berZneTa `siyvaruli bedisadmi~ (amor

fati) qarTvelma erma sam sityvaSi gamokveTa: `rac moxdes – moxdes~.

rac unda moxdes, igi mainc dionisur gunebazea da mReris.

`mravalJamieri” – saqarTveloSi aTamaSebuli `dionisurobis~ bolo akordia.

ase dasrulda grigol robaqiZis werilebis seria.

literaturuli procesebi, axali krebulebi, mwerluri nakli da Rirseba –

am da sxva literaturul sakiTxebze saubari aucilebeli iyo momavlisTvis.

me-20 saukunis literatura Camoyalibebas iwyebda. cotac da... SemoiWreboda

mZlavri talRa `cisferyanwelebis~ saxiT. manamde ki literaturul asparezze

Candnen i. griSaSvili, a. abaSeli, a. WumbaZe...

literaturis saTaveebTan unda mdgariyo adamiani, vinc Rrmad grZnobda

sityvas, araTu dawerils, aramed nagulisxmevsac kiTxulobda da miukerZoeblad

msjelobda TeTrsa da Savze...

aseTi adamiani iyo grigol robaqiZe. misi `foTlebi~ ar aris aRtaceba

sxvaTa marcxiT, es aris zrunva literaturis momavalze. Aam werilebis Rirseba

da axali muxti swored esaa.

rac Seexeba dionisiebis mimoxilvas, misi siaxle ara mxolod imaSi

mdgomareobs, rom qarTvel sazogadoebas ase vrclad gaacno elinTa es

sisxlsavse kulti, aramed momaval qarTul ideologias daukavSira da

mimarTuleba gansazRvra.

dionisos kulti Tan sdevda grigol robaqiZes.

65

es kulti Tan sdevda saqarTvelosac, _ amtkicebs misi werilebi. dionisos

kultis msoflio mniSvneloba grigol robaqiZisTvis saSualebaa, romliTac igi

qarTveli eris aseTive mniSvnelobis saxes gamokveTs.

1917 wels grigol robaqiZem portretuli Canaxatebis obieqtebad aqcia

kita abaSiZe, irakli wereTeli, iakob nikolaZe, grigol orbeliani, aleqsandre

WavWavaZe, besiki, giorgi SarvaSiZe. zogi maTgani moswonda, zogi ara, magram

obieqturad cdilobda subieqturi gancdebis gadmocemas.

fsiqologia gr. robaqiZis gataceba iyo, cdilobda, sulSi Caswvdomoda

pirovnebas da mxolod amis Semdeg daeZra sityva. Amis gamoKkritikosi `man wili~

mis leqciebs `gancdis leqciebad~ miiCnevda (Temi 1911r:2).

grigol robaqiZem ki gancdis adamiani kita abaSiZes uwoda.

1917 wlis 17 (30) dekembers gardaicvala literaturaTmcodne, kritikosi,

publicisti, sazogado moRvawe kita abaSiZe. sam dReSi robaqiZis gamosaTxovari

werili-portreti daibeWda.

qarTuli genis xazgasma: Tmafafara TeTri moxuci, iveriis legendaruli

silamaze. mis gverdiT _ vaJkaci, giorgi saakaZis profiliT... gurielis Tavaduri

ojaxi da tkbili qarTuli. Semodis tanmaRali mamakaci, saTvaled – pensne... xvdebi

maSinve, rom igi mamia gurielis diswulia, imdenad igrZnoba masSi gurielTa

“dinji paTosi~.

robaqiZisTvis metad mniSvnelovania garegnoba. aq eZebs igi saerTos sulTan.

aqedan iwyebs wvdomas siRrmeSi.

Tavdapirvelad igi k. abaSiZis saxis ormagobas aRniSnavs: `cali Tvali odnav

ufro didi da pensnedan cal-gverda cqera xandaxan; bage TiTqo RimiliT

damtvreuli da Semdeg orWofil-Sekavebuli... Tvalebi rom Tbilad gicqerian,

xandaxan bages ucnauri sicivis frTaA gadahkravs RimiliT~ (saqarTvelo 1917k:2).

ormagoba imaSic vlindeba, rom kita abaSiZeSi guruli da imeruli

xasiaTebia Serwymuli. magram aris wuTebi, roca ormagoba qreba, Cndeba

esTetikuri srulqmnileba, mTliani pirovneba. Ggrigol robaqiZes itacebda

abaSiZis mTlianoba, gzneba, gancda. Fiqrobda, rom igi `gancdis~ adamiani ufro

iyo, vidre `weris~. Amitom, misi nawarmoebebsac mxolod is aRiqvamda sworad,

visac “ganucdia” misi pirovneba.

Aam sityvebiT gamoikveTa avtoris pozicia – kita abaSiZe rogorc Semoqmedi

ver pasuxobda mis kriteriumebs. magram xSirad amboben, rom xelovani mxolod is

ki ar aris, vinc qmnis, aramed isic, vinc aRiqvams. robaqiZec ambobs, rom

zogjer `gancda~ `Seqmnas~ ar Camouvardeba.

grigol robaqiZis oratoruli niWi gulgrils aravis tovebda. Tavis mxriv,

igi didi interesiT usmenda oratorebs da mkacri Semfasebelic iyo. kita abaSiZe,

66

rogorc oratori, moswonda: misi sityvebi cecxlSi nawrTobs agonebda, gurielTa

siTbos TandaTan rom kargavda da civad iWreboda, imeruli maxvili sarkazmiT.

oponenti damxobilia.

ena, fraza, tembri, toni, dinamika, Sinaarsi, analizi... grigol robaqiZe

iTxovda yvelafers erTad, yvelafers daxvewils.

es sinTezi man ver aRmoaCina irakli wereTelSi.

1917 welia da i. wereTeli ruseTSi revoluciis tvinad saxeldeba. Rusuli

presa misiT aRfrTovanebas ar malavs. uwodebs mas sityvis ostats, sityvis

mWedels, romelic aRelvebs msmenels, ajerebs da afiqrebs...

irakli wereTlisadmi miZRvnil saqebar sityvebs bevrgan amoikiTxavT. am

dros saxelganTqmuli oratori samSoblos ewvia leqciiT òmi da revolucia~.

Ggrigol robaqiZe dainteresda oratoris aTasjer naqebi jadosnobiT.

dasawyisSive naTqvamma ramdenime frazam Seuryia winaswar Seqmnili Sexeduleba,

wereTeliAsaSualo oratorze naklebi aRmoCnda (yovel SemTxvevaSi, aseTad miiCnia

gr. robaqiZem): mouxeSavi tembri, Sablonuri frazebi, sityvis gawelva,

dinamiurobisa da xmis awev-dawevis ugulebelyofa... (saqarTvelo 1917l:2).

leqcia SinaarsiTac susti iyo, arc analizi Canda, arc _ kiTxvebze pasuxebi.

Ggr. robaqiZis sityviT, i. wereTlis gamosvla hgavda recepts wamlebis gareSe.

grigol robaqiZe, rogorc Cans, erTaderTi oponenti iyo mravali mexotbis

sapirispirod. TavisTavad, gancda subieqturia, Tumca, avtori cdilobda,

miukerZoebeli yofiliyo. Aamdenad, misi kritikuli Tvalsazrisis sarCulad

wereTel-robaqiZis ideologiuri azrTa sxvadasxvaoba ar unda miviCnioT.

Ggr. robaqiZe xSirad irwmuneboda, obieqturobas mudam vicavo, magram roca

romelime pirovneba mis moxibvlas SeZlebda (SemoqmedebiTa Tu qarTuli

rasisTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSan-TvisebebiT), arc subieqturi gancdebis

gadmocemas erideboda (saerTodac xom SeuZlebelia, subieqti obieqturi iyos,

cxadia, mikerZoebas ar vgulisxmobT). aseTi Tbili damokidebuleba Cans qarTveli

xelovanisadmi miZRvnil portretul CanaxatSi `moqandake nikolaZe~.

1902 wels grigol robaqiZes gaucnia iakob nikolaZe: _ dabali tanis

moqandake, Savi, xiWuWi TmiT, didroni Savi TvalebiT, asirielis profiliT...

xuTi wlis Semdeg isini parizSi Sexvdnen erTmaneTs. gr. robaqiZis TqmiT,

iakobs anu Jakos didi ganaTleba ar miuRia, magram intuiciiT wvdeboda did

sakiTxebs. NnikolaZis portretis erTi StrixisTvis avtori saintereso Sedarebas

mimarTavs: `natexi~ sityviT xandaxan iseTs gancdas mogawvdis, rogorc `beri~

xavsiani qva Zveli saidumlo warweriT~ (saqarTvelo 1917m:2).

67

Aavtori xazs usvams i. nikolaZis bavSvur uSualobas. araviTari gesli,

araviTari siave mis xasiaTSi ar zis. gulaxdili, laRi, aRfrTovanebuli, _ aseTia

Jako. igi namdvili xelovania mZafrad ganviTarebuli plastikuri grZnobiT.

iakob nikolaZe cxovrebaSic xelovania. amasTan, sxvisi kargi, sxvisi

gamarjveba, warmateba xelovnebaSi mas imdenad uxaria, rom msgavsi magaliTis

moZebna gagiWirdebaT.

Arogorc vxedavT, avtori xelovanis dasaxasiaTeblad mraval iseT Tvisebas

gamohyofs, adamianis bunebis samkaulad rom miiCneva, magram misTvis mTavari mainc

sxvaa _ nikolaZe qvaSi kveTs qarTvelTa genias.

Gwerilis dasasruls gr. robaqiZe gamoTqvams wuxils imis gamo, romNniWier

moqandakes materialurad Zalian uWirs da, saubedurod, saxelosno ar aqvs. igi

mimarTavs qarTvel ers, daafasos xelovani da auSenos atelie, romelic

amasTanave iqneba qarTveli xelovanebis èsTetiuri garTobis kuTxe~.

Semdegi portreti asaxavs grigol orbelians rogorc pirovnebas da rogorc

Semoqmeds. grigol robaqiZes ar moridebia, cnobili poetis riTmaTa siRaribe da

sxva naklovanebebi aReniSna.

gr. orbelianSi ar aris SemoqmedebiTi niaRvari, magram masSi aris jiSi,

romelic bevrs niSnavda robaqiZisTvis. es ar exeboda sardal orbelians,

romelsac omSi gamoCenili sisastikiT Tavis mowonebac SeeZlo.

e es ar aris qarTuli JiSi.

magram `sadRegrZelo~ namdvili Tamadis Tqmulia. es ki Cveni genia. sxva

mxriv, orbeliani poeturi xatebiTa da riTmebiT metad Raribi poetia. mTeli misi

individualoba, robaqiZis TqmiT, `sadRegrZeloSia~ moqceuli (saqarTvelo

1917n:2).

genis gamo uyvarda grigol robaqiZes aleqsandre WavWavaZec _ dendi,

qarTul-aRmosavluri dardimandobiT.

aleqsandre WavWavaZe aristokrati iyo CamomavlobiTac, biologiuradac,

sulieradac, masSi yovelmxriv ikveTeboda qarTuli rasis silamaze da rCeuloba.

gr. robaqiZis azriT, a. WavWavaZis msgavsad majama aravis auTamaSebia.

àleqsandre WavWavaZisTvis leqsi iyo `kaxuriT~ savse azarfeSa: amaSia misi

Zala, _ magram SesaZloa, amaSive iyos misi dabrkoleba~ (saqarTvelo 1917o:2).

grigol robaqiZe mas besikis memkvidred miiCnevda, magram imasac aRiarebda,

rom besiki ufro niWieri Semoqmedi iyo. aqve isic unda aRiniSnos, rom robaqiZes

besiki ar uyvarda, Tumca, mis niWs pativs scemda. `besiki aRmosavleTis Svilia

pirmSo: _ magram aRmosavleTis me primitivi monumentaloba ufro majadoebs,

vidre CuqurTmuli qsovili: egviptes piramidebi, vidre sparseTis xaliCebi~

(saqarTvelo 1917p:2).

68

gr. robaqiZis sityviT, besiki mdidaria poeturi saxeebiT. mis leqsSi sityvebs

ver gadasvam, fraza erTi mTliani sxeulia. es kia, zogjer riTma ise

moWarbebulia, rom leqsi iCrdileba da ikargeba. rac mTavaria, man ganaviTara

mravali teqnikuri xerxi, romlebic erTi saukunis Semdeg frangi simbolistebis

principad iqca. am mxriv, avtoris azriT, besiki fenomenia qarTul literaturaSi.

besikSi aRmosavleTi cxovrobda.

robaqiZes ki mainc elada aTrobda, elada da dionise.

berZenTa xasiaTi nicSem igrZno da gamoxata. Ggrigol robaqiZem ki imdeni

saerTo ipova qarTul xasiaTTan, rom dabeWda `hellenebi da qarTvelebi~.

elinebi nicSedan: `Zliereba, cecxli da Zleva-gaSla antiuri musikali

gznebisa... cecxlis dResaswaulebi, puris jejilis dResaswaulebi,

gakeTilSobileba iWvianobis – berZnebi yvelaze uiWvianesi xalxi, Tavismkvleloba

– siZulvili siberisadmi, siRaribesadmi~ (saqarTvelo 1917J:2).

qarTvelebi robaqiZis samzeridan: gamorCeuli folklori, bunebis

ayvavilebis warmarTuli grZnoba, cecxlisa da jejilis kultis naSTebi;

keTilSobili eWvianoba, siberisa da siRaribis zizRi.

da ase Semdeg...

nakveTi sxeuli, jiSi da zrdiloba, temperamenti da inteleqti, Suri da

sicrue, sicocxle, rogorc TamaSi...

grigol robaqiZem imdeni saerTo ipova ori xalxis xasiaTebs Soris, TiTqos

erTzea saubari, ganuyofelze. igi gansakuTrebul pativs scemda Zvel berZnul

kulturas da, albaT, amitom surda, rac SeiZleba meti paraleli gaevlo elinebsa

da qarTvelebs Soris. amiT igi qarTuli kulturis mniSvnelobas usvamda xazs.

gr. robaqiZis momdevno portreti giorgi SarvaSiZes mieZRvna.

modis cxenosani, moxdenilad mjdari, memkvidreobiT gadaeca mas namdvili

cxenosnobis siyvaruli da unari. Cacmulobis qarTuli yaida, sada da rCeuli.

saocari xma: `neli, tkbili, melodiuri. kiloc lamazi, ucnauri jadoTi

gaJRenTili~ (saqarTvelo 1918a:2). Tlili TiTebi, saxis silamaze iveriuli,

sworupovari profili. SarvaSiZis unaklo aRnagobam aTqmevina avtors, saukuneebia

saWiro, rom `biologiurma SerCevam~ aseTi srulyofili tipi warmoSvaso.

giorgi SarvaSiZe flobda rusuls, franguls, inglisurs, germanuls,

ebrauls, afxazurs, megruls, iyo mwignobari, vinac zedmiwevniT icoda rusTaveli

da visTan baasic yvelas siamovnebda.

misma gardacvalebam Zalze daamwuxra gr. robaqiZe, radgan qveyanas

`qarTuli rasis” namdvili namdvili warmomadgeneli daaklda.

grigol robaqiZes uyvarda jiSi yvelgan da yvelasi.

uyvarda qarTuli jiSi da yvelaferi dionisuri.

69

sainteresoni arian misi TvaliT danaxuli qarTvelebi. Tu SeniSnavs Cveni

genis, rasis `xazmosmas~, aRniSnavs aRtacebiT, gamokveTilad. mas ara mxolod

Semoqmedni ainteresebs, aramed, pirvel rigSi, qarTuli genis matarebeli

adamianebi.

is esTetia da gamorCeul adamianebSic amaves eZebs. Tamaric misTvisqali-mefe

da gamorCeuli istoriuli figura ki ar aris mxolod, aramed esTetikuri

fenomeni (robaqiZe 1918). misi Semoqmedebac aseTia _ is yovelTvis faqtebs

miRma iyureba. siyvarulis gareSe enas iSviaTad daZravs _ misTvis vinmes

Semoqmedebis ganxilva mxolod maSin aris sruli, roca siyvaruls

eyrdnoba: zedgamoWrils sityvas besiks ver vetyvi _ amisTvis siyvaruli

saWiroo. gancdis gareSe arc arafers wers da arc sxvisi dawerili

moswons.

`xatovani Cveneba, emociur-saxeibrivi sja _ es gaxlavT myari mwerluri

pozicia... SeiZleba iTqvas, grigol robaqiZis mTeli mwerluri produqcia,

misi memkvidreoba aris eseisturi~ (mefariSvili 2005:22)

eseisti robaqiZe sulSi wvdomas cdilobs, garegnuli, fizikuri niSnebiT,

TvisebebiT Sina samyaros gasaRebs eZebs. robaqiZe mxatvaria kalmiT.

ramdenime StrixiT suraTs dasrulebel saxes aZlevs. misTvis mTavari iyo

`Cveneba~.

`grigol robaqiZis sruliad gansakuTrebuli TviTmyofadoba warmoCinda ara

mxolod wminda mxatvrul opusebSi, aramed mis umSvenieres liriko-publicistur

fragmentebSi, filosofiur eseebSi, qarizmatul pirovnebaTa fsiqo-ferwerul

portretebSi~ (literaturuli saqarTvelo 2001:3), _ wers guram benaSvili.

nacnobi saxeebi axali mzeriT, rakursiT, moTxovniTa da gemovnebiT, ucnobi

StrixebiT, _ aseTia grigol robaqiZiseuli portretebi.

70

III Tavi

publicistika

grigol robaqiZe publicisti iyo mTeli Tavisi moRvaweobiT. yvelaferi,

razec saubrobda da werda, mizanmimarTuli, damajerebeli, siaxlis Semcveli iyo.

misi moRvaweoba presaSi Zalze sainteresoa, magram mainc gansakuTrebulad

sagulisxmo da sayuradReboa publicistika.

grigol robaqiZe analitikosi publicisti gaxldaT.

gamorCeuli eniT, gznebiT, analiziT, SorsWvretiT, damajereblobiT...

statiebi, romlebsac Cven mimovixilavT, 1917-1918 wlebSi daibeWda. aq aris

protesti moZalebuli bolSevizmis mimarT, magram protesti ara emociuri, aramed

asjer gazomili, dasabuTebuli.

yvelam kargad icis, rogoria 1917 weli. gadatrialeba, revolucia, anarqia,

propaganda, axali ideebiT TandaTanobiTi Troba.

dro, romelic borgavda.

robaqiZe gulgrilad ver auvlida gverds im aqtualur sakiTxebs, romelTa

ganxilvasac cxovreba moiTxovda. jer kidev 1911 wels gazeT `TemSi~ `man-wili~

werda, rom ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis ideebiT ruseTis gatacebis dros

grigol robaqiZe marqsizms gmobda. `yovel cxovrebis mier wamoyenebul kiTxvas

sazogadoebriv xasiaTis gansazRvrul mimarTulebis niadagze damyarebuli mtkice

pasuxs aZlevda~ (Temi 1911s:3).

1917 wels, ruseTis revoluciis dros, gazeT `saqarTvelos~ gasdevs mowodeba:

`qarTvelebo, Segnebulad, SeerTebulad, dinjad!~ ruseTis revolucia

sasixaruloa imdenad, ramdenadac igi saqarTvelosTvis Tavisuflebis momtani

gaxdeba. `ruseTis dRevandeli revolucia, Zveli mTavrobis gadayeneba, Zveli

ruseTis dasaflaveba da axlis aRorZineba saqarTvelosTvis mxolod maSin iqneba

sikeTis myofeli, rodesac saqarTvelos miecema sruli politikuri garantia

Tavisufali politikur TviTarsebisa~ (saqarTvelo 1917r:1).

sxvadasxvaa qarTuli da rusuli damokidebuleba am movlenisadmi.

saqarTvelos erTianoba sWirdeba. “saqarTvelo” mkiTxvels mouwodebs, erTaderT

ideaze ifiqros, izrunos, iRvawos _ es saqarTvelos gaTavisuflebaa.

gazeTi mkiTxvelebs arwmunebda, ruseTis revolucias da axal mTavrobas

mxolod im SemTxvevaSi unda miesalmos saqarTvelo, Tuki is Cveni miznis

ganxorcielebaSi dagvexmarebao.

magram ruseTSi vin wuxda Cveni qveynis momavalze? jer kidev 1911 wlis

dasawyisSi grigol robaqiZe arCil jorjaZes werda: `saqarTvelos bed-iRbali

71

maT ise ainteresebT, rogorc marsis mcxovrebni. sxvaTa Soris, axalgazrda

qarTvelis tragedia amaSicaa~ (baqraZe 1999:55). marTlac ase iyo _ yvelafris

miuxedavad, mudam ruseTs SevyurebdiT imedis TvaliT, imedgacruebebs arafrad

vagdebdiT.

1917 wlis bolo TveebSi robaqiZe rogorc profesionali publicisti,

Seunelebeli tempiT moRvaweobs. TiTqos daaviwyda, rom arsebobs literatura da

sxva sayvareli sakiTxebi, romlebzec adre werda. igi mTlianad moicva

aqtualurma, metic, sabediswero sakiTxebma.

grigol robaqiZisTvis, rogorc samSoblos ukideganod moyvaruli

SvilisTvis, mTavari eris keTildReoba, Tavisuflebaa. ufrTxis bolSevizms,

radgan eWvi ar epareba, rom misi moZaleba kargs aras uqadis saqarTvelos.

publicisti aanalizebs ruseTSi mimdinare movlenebs.

ruseTis tragediis saTave absoluturis, uTuosken swrafva da saTuosTvis

gverdis avlaa. aq gr. robaqiZe berdiaevs, ivanovs da dostoevskis eyrdnoba. rusis

sulisTvis Tavi da Tavi absolutia. es Cans filosofiaSic, xelovnebaSic,

ideologiaSic (magaliTi: bolSevikebs swamdaT, rom ukve socializmis karebs

miuaxlovdnen kapitalizmis gverdis avliT.)

absoluturis ZiebaSi ruseTi Zlieria. mis literaturas `msoflio daRi~

azis. genia – dostoevski, romelmac `problema danaSaulisa sul sxvnairad

wamoayena, vidre es Zvel tragikosebs eCvenebodaT da axal epoqaSi Seqspirs,

dostoevskis amoSla msoflio furclebze yovlad SeuZlebelia~ (saqarTvelo

1917s:2).

nicSe ambobda, rom Tu vinme unda CaiTvalos mis maswavleblad – es

dostoevskia. Tavis mxriv, nicSes gavlena bevrma moazrovnem ganicada, maT Soris

iyo grigol robaqiZe. sxvaTa Soris, TviTon aRniSnavda xolme, SeTxzvis meTods

mas Semdeg vaqcev did yuradRebas, rac fridrix nicSem, oskar uaildma da

dimitri mereJkovskim damanaxves misi mravali saidumloebao.

gr. robaqiZe rusi geniosisadmi _ dostoevskisadmi gansakuTrebul siyvaruls

gamoxatavda yvelgan, sadac sityva moitanda. sxvaTa Soris, kita abaSiZis

portretisTvis Strixad gamoiyena kamaTi Teodor dostoevskis mniSvnelobaze

(abaSiZe franguli literaturis mgznebare trfiali gaxldaT, robaqiZe ki rusul

mwerlobas aniWebda upiratesobas).

am mcire gadaxvevis Semdeg davubrundeT gr. robaqiZis problemur statias.

yovel kulturas tradicia axasiaTebs. ruseTSi ki tradicia ar yofila. erTma

revoluciam romanovTa samaswliani arseboba gaaqro...

apokalifsuri sulis CamoyalibebaSi Zlieri ruseTi umweoa `saTuosa da

saSualos~ SeqmnaSi.

72

imdroindeli ruseTi anarqiulia. amas gamudmebiT usvams xazs avtori.

yvelaferi is, rac Semdgomi aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi sabWoTa respublikis

istoriul Rirebulebebad iTvleboda, grigol robaqiZisTvis anarqia, qaosSi

gauCinarebaa. sastiki TviTmpyrobelobis xelidan gamovardnili ruseTi saSinel

anarqiaSi gadavarda. misi suli qaosos frTebze daekida, _ fiqrobda avtori, _

ise, TiTqos ruseTi `moCveneba~ yofiliyos mxolod. am moCvenebebze saubrobdnen

winaswarWvretiT dostoevski da beli...

ruseTs maqsimalizmi Svelis `sulis cnaurebaSi~. magram `texnikursa da

socialurs kulturaSi gadatanili maqsimalizmi istoriasa da istoriulobas

pirdapir uaryofs. rusi gvagonebs im adamians, romelmac avtomobili uaryo,

mxolod misTvis, rom haeroplani ar SesTavazes, _ da axla urmiT mixoxavs~

(saqarTvelo 1917t:2), _ ase Seafasa 10-iani wlebis dasasruli gr. robaqiZem.

mTeli es saintereso wiaRsvla literaturasa da filosofiaSi, istoriasa

da ideologiaSi, saWiro iyo zemoT motanili frazis mosamwifeblad. metad

damajerebel faqtebsa da argumentebs Tavad mihyavxar avtoris daskvnamde. erTi

zusti SedarebiT daixata ruseTis umweoba saxelmwifoebriv saqmianobaSi. Tu

gavixsenebT msoflio gigantis, sabWoTa kavSiris arsebobas (Tumca mis SeqmnaSi

qarTvels miuZRvis lomis wili), SeiZleba, sadavo gaxdes robaqiZis mokveTili

debuleba. magram unda aRiniSnos, rom igi aRiarebda bolSevikebis mosalodnel

triumfs. es kia, ar sjeroda anarqiiT mosulebis da, sabolood, ufskrulis

wyvdiads uwinaswarmetyvelebda. Cven yvelani amis mowmeni gavxdiT.

Ggrigol robaqiZisTvis, rogorc aRvniSneT, ruseTis revolucia anarqia iyo,

iseve rogorc qveynis yofa. amiT sargeblobda bolSevizmi –anarqiuli ideologiis

mqone Zala. ekonomikurad isedac CamorCenili ruseTi omma ufro daaqveiTa,

warmoeba daeca, transportis mimosvla Cakvda, amas daumateT ruseTSi Semaval

erTa decentralisturi midrekileba da miiRebT anarqiisken gaqanebis naTel

suraTs. cxadia, imarjvebs Zala, romelic mihyveba sayovelTao anarqias. im

droisTvis bolSevikebma ukve daikaves ramdenime punqti da petrogradis

satelegrafo saagento. magram publicisti mkiTxvels arwmunebda, rom is, vinc

imarjvebs anarqiiT, imave anarqiiT daiRupeba.

rogorc yovelTvis, gansakuTrebulad mniSvnelovani boloTqma:

`saqarTvelosTvis erTi ram aris saWiro: nu viqnebiT ubralo morCilni im

fantaziebisa, raic petrogradis nislSi moelandebaT. Cven Cveni sakuTari gza

gvaqvs da vecadoT yvela Zalebis Semokrebas, rom revoluciaSi Sobili erovnuli

ganTavisuflebis gza anarqiiT ar movispoT~ (saqarTvelo 1917u:2).

kvlav winaswarWvreta: mova dro da qarTvelebsac dabangavs bolSevikuri

fantasmebi _ daviwyeba im soflis da amqveyniuri samoTxis landi...

73

nisliani moCvenebaa TviT peterburgi, misi Svili, dostoevski _ àvadi qaosi,

geniiT nakveTi~. `fantasmebis qalaqSi~ robaqiZe imeorebs, rom ruseTis arsi

qaosia, sadac xan genialuri zmanebebi mogeCvenebaT, xanac ufskrulis piras

imarTeba giJuri aruli.

qaosis frTebi efemerulia da mzesTan ver agiyvans.

grigol robaqiZe mizanmimarTulad saubrobs ruseTis anarqiaze.

drogamoSvebiT ubrundeba da mkiTxvels Seaxsenebs ufskrulis siaxloves.

peterburgi realobas mowyda. iq yoveldRe raRac axali zmaneba ibadeba,

zmaneba, romliTac ruseTTan erTad mTeli samyaros gardaqmna surs. am survilSi

publicisti erTgvari fsiqozs xedavda, ruseTis qaoturi sulis naSobs.

qaosi – es aris sityva, romelSic grigol robaqiZe mTeli ubedurebis xats

aqcevs. TiTqos misiT aSinebda mkiTxvels, raTa bolSevizmis gavlenisagan daecva

da Tavisufleba moewyurebina. publicisti ubedurebad miiCnevda imas, rom

fantasmebis qalaqis naTqvams mTeli ruseTi imeorebda. Tanac rodis? revoluciis

dros, rodesac TiTqos Tavisufleba unda damyarebuliyo. “da gana es aris

Tavisufleba?! Tavisufleba, pirvel yovlisa, TavisTavadobaa, zereled ayoleba ki

– namdvili monoba~ (saqarTvelo 1917f:4).

fsiqologebi amboben, rom damnaSave brbos ukan ufro damnaSave publika

dgas, xolo mis ukan kidev ufro damnaSave publicistebi dganan. bolSevizmis

ideologebi gamWriaxi publicistebi iyvnen. zustad icodnen, rogor moexdinaT

zegavlena xalxze, aeyoliebinaT masebi. maTs moZRvrebaSi, qadagebaSi ido es

muxti, romelmac, sabolood, damuxta kidec milionobiT adamiani. gr. robaqiZes

undoda, saqarTvelosac daenaxa is, rasac TviTon xedavda da aecdina

mosalodneli ubedureba. boSevikebma gaTvales, Tu rogor gamoeyenebinaT anarqia

TavianT sasargeblod. grigol robaqiZe ki am qaosisgan qarTvelTa garidebas

cdilobda.

imis naTelsayofad, rom bolSevikebi moaxloebuli TavisuflebisTvis

safrTxes warmoadgendnen, gr. robaqiZe CaeWida erT faqts: ukrainis samxedro

generaluri komitetis wevri ityobineboda, rom bolSevikebi ukrainas gasresas

upirebdnen (saqarTvelo 1917q:2).

saTaveSive efeqturad, zustad moxazuli fraza bolSevikTa samoqmedo

programasa da realur moqmedebas apirispirebs: ìs bolSevikebi, romelTa

programis erT-erTi muxli erTa ganTavisuflebaa, Tu gind maTi sruli gamoyofa...

oms ucxadeben ukrainas~ (saqarTvelo 1917R:2).

bolSevikebi erTa sakiTxs socialistur-imperialisturad wyveten. isini

SeebrZolebian yvelas, vinc maT ar mihyveba. magram sanam am daskvnamde miva,

robaqiZe aanalizebs revoluciur moZraobas.

74

social-demokratebis nawili (menSevikebi) da socialist-revolucionerebi

(eserebi) amtkicebdnen, rom ruseTis revolucia burJuaziuli revolucia iyo da

revoluciuri energia demokratiuli respublikis dasamyareblad unda

daxarjuliyo... maTi azriT, socialistebs burJuaziul-demokratiuli wyobileba

unda ganemtkicebinaT. magram grigol robaqiZe darwmunebuli iyo, rom

socialisturi sazogadoebis Sesaqmnelad pirobebi ar iyo momzadebuli.

mdgomareobis naTlad dasaxatavad avtori kiTxvis formas arCevs: `ra unda qnas

socialistma im dros, roca socializmis ganxorcielebisaTvis obieqtivi momenti

sruliad momwifeuli ar aris da imave dros mTeli Zala mas xelSi aqvs

Cavardnili?!.. mdgomareoba tragikulia metad~ (saqarTvelo 1917y:2).

menSevikebma da eserebma gamosavali ver ipoves. burJuaziasTan erTad

moqmedebas apirebdnen da Tanve eSinodaT maTi, rogorc SesaZlo kontr-

revolucionerebis, ase gaorebulebi `Waobad~ iqcnen.

bolSevikebi ufro aqtiurebi da emociebs ayolilebi aRmoCnden. obieqtur

faqtorebs, logikas gverdi auares da anarqiis niaRvars SeuerTdnen. es,

garkveulwilad, gadaxvevac iyo marqsizmidan, romelic socializms ekonomikuri

aucileblobis Sedegad moiazrebs. bolSevikebs socialistoba undodaT da

aucileblobaze win fsiqologiuri, subieqturi momenti daayenes.

menSevikebisa da eserebisagan gansxvavebiT, romlebic demokratiul

respublikas aniWebdnen upiratesobas, bolSevikebs diqtatorul centrSi undodaT

revoluciuri energiis mogroveba. am centris neba unda gaxmaurebuliyo da

asrulebuliyo saxelmwifos periferiebSi. Seqmnes kidec aseTi centri saxalxo

komisarebis sabWos saxiT.

SemdgomSi centri daixvewa _ kremli dedamiwis meeqvseds ganagebda.

sinamdvile ar daemTxva bolSevikTa warmodgenebs. aRmoCnda, rom ruseTis

saxelmwifoSi Semavali erebi ar apirebdnen bolSevikuri socializmis

damkvidrebas. ài, sad marxia ZaRlis Tavi: bolSevikebi oms ucxadeben yovel

xalxs, romelic bolSevikebs ar mihyveba. ukrainisadmi omis gamocxadeba

bolSevikebis mier – es mxolod erTi rgolia bolSevikuri suliskveTebisa.

centralistebi social-politikurad, _ bolSevikebi erTa sakiTxSi socialist-

imperialistebad gamodian~ (saqarTvelo 1917S:2), _ askvnis gr. robaqiZe.

arada, bolSevikebi kerenskis sdebdnen brals burJuaziul

imperialistobaSi. isini msoflios kapitalizmis umaRles, e. w. imperializmis

kerenski aleqsandre (1884-1970) – Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg petrogradis

sabWos Tavmjdomaris moadgile, saxelmwifo saTaTbiros droebiTi komitetis

wevri, 1917 wlidan eseri, droebiTi mTavrobis Tavmjdomare.

75

stadiaSi Sesulad moiazrebdnen. am reJimis damxoba da revoluciur msoflioSi

ganfena sakuTar movaleobad miaCndaT. Ggrigol robaqiZe ki Tavad maT debs brals

imperialistobaSi.

sagulisxmoa isic, rom avtorma bolSevikuri moZraobis namdvili

marqsizmisgan gadaxvevazec miuTiTa, maSin roca ruseTis bolSevizmi TavisTavs

marqsistuli moZRvrebis erTaderT WeSmarit memkvidred aRiarebda.

1918 wlis ianvarSi grigol robaqiZem isev gausva xazi socialistebis

`saxelmwifoebriv uZlurebas~.

`yvela grZnobs, rom martodmarto rRveva sakmao ar yofila. saWiro yofila

agreTve Senebac, _ raic Zalmosils uflebas iTxovs ucilod. magram sad aris

aseTi ufleba?~ (saqarTvelo 1918b:2). avtoris azriT, Zalmosili xelisuflebis

Seqmna socialistebs fsiqologiurad ar SeeZloT.

erTma unda brZanos, meorem – Seasrulos. aseTi damokidebuleba izrdeba miT

ufro, ramdenadac izrdeba adamianTa ricxvi. amasTan, `ramdenad izrdeba es

damokidebuleba, imdenad naklebi xdeba aqtivi Zala romelime wevris

sazogadoebis viTarebaSi. bolos, es procesi iqamde midis, rom xsenebuli

damokidebuleba... obieqtivdeba (nivTdeba), fetiSad iqceva.~ (saqarTvelo 1918g:2).

yalibdeba meqanizmi, romelic adamianebis mier aris Seqmnili, magram axla TviTon

marTavs maTs qcevas. `xelmwifebiTi ufleba ar aris istoriulad sociali

SeTanxmebis nayofi... xolo revolucia Segnebuli Carevaa xelmwifebiTi uflebis

gardaqmnaSi~ (saqarTvelo 1918d:2), _ askvnis gr. robaqiZe.

socialistebi acxadebdnen, rom yovel adamians, kulturuli donis

miuxedavad, SeuZlia, aqtiurad Caerios saxelmwifo cxovrebaSi. Tan yvelas hgonia,

rom advilad mouvlis saxlmwifo saqmeebs. `xelmwifebiTi uflebisaTvis~ ki

aucilebelia adamianis avtoriteti. Tu yvela àmxanagi~ da Tanaswori iqneba,

brZaneba SeuZlebeli gaxdeba. saxelmwifos ar SeuZlia iarsebos garkveuli

Zaladobis gareSe, avtoris azriT ki, socialisturi Teoria xels uSlida

Zaladobas, Sesabamisad, asustebda “xelmwifebiTs” uflebas. Aamdenad,

socializmis fsiqologiiT saxelmwifos marTva SeuZleblad miaCnda. magram

grigol robaqiZem sakuTari TvaliT naxa, rom bolSevikebma SeZles Teoriis

gverdze gadadeba da Zaladobis gamovlena, Tanac iseTi Zaladobis, romelic

dRemde saarakod darCa. Tavad robaqiZes emigraciaSi amoxda suli, samSoblos

miwas danatrebuls... Tumca, aqamde jer Zalze Soria.

ruseTSi mimdinare movlenebis mimoxilvis paralelurad grigol robaqiZe

saqarTveloSi mimdinare procesebsac exeba.

me-20 saukunis dasawyisi mas saqarTvelos istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovnad

miaCnia, radgan axali qarTuli renesansis Casaxvas xedavs.

76

mistikuri simbolo – wiwamuris veli.

`qarTvelma mohkla saqarTvelos mZlavri mxedari, xolo sisxliT Sesvril

xels rom daxeda, mkvlelma saqarTvelos saxe dainaxa. ilia WavWavaZe msxverplia,

Seucnoblad Sewiruli saqarTvelos sayofeli saxis xilvisaTvis~ (saqarTvelo

1917C:2). qarTvelma igrZno saqarTvelo. aqedan isaxeba qarTuli renesansi.

magram mas win garkveuli siZneleebi eRobeba: 1. partikularizmi, kuTxuri

gancalkeveba; 2. saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis forma (ar gvqonda mtkice `xelmwifeba~.

daqsaqsulni rusTa xelmwifebis qveS gaverTiandiT, magram monobiT gaerTianeba,

grigol robaqiZis sityviT, saSineli ucnaurobaa); 3. sxvisi gavlenis qveS moqceva,

rac xSiria Cvens istoriaSi.

qarTuli renesansisaTvis pirobebi TandaTan umjobesdeba. gr. robaqiZes

saqarTvelos erovnul TavisuflebaSi eWvi ar epareba. mTavaria, qarTuli

renesansis monawilem igrZnos saqarTvelo da monaxos Tavisi namdvili saxe,

Semdeg ki ‘Semoqmedi xelmwifebiT” unda gamohkveTos misi saxe kulturul

SemoqmedebaSi.

grigol robaqiZe amayobs 1917 wlis noembris erovnuli yrilobiT, romelmac

qveyana gaaerTiana, Tumca, arcTu xangrZlivad.

kidev erTxel gavixsenoT, es iyo dro, roca samyaro icvleboda, ubralod

icvleboda ki ara, iwvoda, robaqiZis TqmiT, qaosis frTebiT mieqaneboda

ufsrkulisken. ruseTi ki revoluciis qariSxalma waiRo.

danieli princis maradiuli kiTxva: yofna-aryofna?

ufskrulis piras miyenebuli saqarTvelo, gr. robaqiZis sityviT, vaJur

Zlierebas iCens. SuRli, Suri, RvarZli, gautanloba, undobloba, dayofa, `Sen-

Cemoba~ uecrad gaqra. Tavi iCina politikurma gamocdilebam, `xelmwifebiTma

TavisTavadobam~, zomierma istoriulma paTosma.

yrilobam aRmoaCina, rom saqarTvelo programebze, lozungebze, dogmebze

didi yofila da Svilebs hyvarebiaT.Aam grZnobis gadmosacemad avtori Sedarebas

mimarTavs _ saqarTvelo mTeli Tavisi “istoriuli sxeulebiT” ganvicadeT ise,

rogorc fSanebi ganicdian aTasi wlis muxis fesvebso.

grigol robaqiZe aRtacebulia yrilobis erTsulovnebiT. misi TqmiT, eri,

romelic aseT saxelmwifoebriv Segnebas amJRavnebs, Sinaganad Tavis-ufalia da,

maSasadame, imTaviTve Tavisufali. aseT dros is, ubralod, uxeS monobas

icilebs Tavidan.

gr. robaqiZe am movlenas saqarTvelos istoriis axal `mzeosan~ etapad

miiCnevs. amis naxvis Semdeg SegiZlia, mSvidad daxuWo Tvalebi. `mravali qarTveli,

momswre am istoriulis wuTebis, ityvis uTuod: aw ganuteve mona Seni~

(saqarTvelo 1917c:2).

77

es daiwera 1917 wels, giorgobisTvis 25-s.

grigol robaqiZes, albaT, namdvilad erCivna, maSin aRsrulebuliyo.

sicocxlis bolomde, 1962 wlamde, mas bevri imedi gaucruvdeba.

jer ki 1917 welia. publicisti mimoixilavs mimdinare movlenebs. mis

interesebSi yovelTvis Sedis am movlenaTa kavSiri saqarTvelosTan.

stokholmis konferenciis saorganizacio komitetma manifestSi evropis

demokratiis mimarT, sxvaTa Soris, òsmaleTis somxeTis damoukidebloba~

ganacxada. daSnakelebis ganmartebiT, igulisxmeboda osmaleTis somxeTis sruli

suverenitetis aRdgena – somxeTi somxebs: somxeTSi somxebi arian sruli

patronebi, sxva eTnikuri elementebi ki – ubralod, moqalaqeni, kanoniT daculi

umciresoba. gr robaqiZis sityviT, `saosmalo somxeTs~ teritoriuli

mdgomareoba ar uwyobs xels, aRdges rogorc saxelmwifo sxeuli, magram

patronisa da moqalaqis principi sworia da is saqarTvelozec unda gavrceldes.

saqarTvelos mTlian saxelmwifo erTeulad aRsadgenad teritoriuli

mdgomareobac uwyobs xels. `mxolod iq, saca saqarTvelos teritoria

dasaxlebulia ara marto qarTveli eriT, aramed sxva xalxTa elementebiTac, iq

qarTveli eri unda iyos patroni da danarCenni ki mxolod moqalaqeni~

(saqarTvelo 1917Z:2). robaqiZe gamoTqvams rwmenas, rom zemoxsenebuli samarTliani

formuliT somexi eri mxolod sakuTar Tavze ar ifiqrebs. Darwmunebuli varT, es

gadakruli naTqvami Zalian bevr faqts amoativtivebs yoveli qarTvelis gonebaSi.

grigol robaqiZe gurulebisa da socializmis kavSirsac Seexo. aq miseuli

mxatvruli xveulebi iwevs win: guriis neli sirbile, faqizi, msubuqi, narnari

xazebi, `rbilad modunebuli~ sikekluce...

amayni arian gurulebi, amayni da ficxni, Rirsebis grZnoba aqvT

gamZafrebuli. maTSi igrZnoba nicSeseuli `manZilis paTosi~ `Cemsa~ da `sxvebs~

Soris. maTi sificxe, avtoris azriT, mxolod Jestia aristokratuli zviadobis.

saqarTveloSi social-demokratia gurulebma (ingoroyva, ninoSvili,

Jordania, maxaraZe, ramiSvili, jiblaZe, JorJoliani...) Semoitanes.

saintereso mosazrebaa: ìsini gamovidnen socialistebad, radgan suliT

uaRresad aznaurni arian da yofiT Raribni~ (saqarTvelo 1917w:2). daumateT amas

saerTo niWiereba. èrTianoba~, avtoris azriT, socializmis miReba-

gaTavisebisTvis aucilebeli fsiqologiuri winapirobaa.

mainc, mRvdeli WilofSic icnoba. guruli aznaurad darCa, masSi ver

amoSliT rCeulobis grZnobas... grigol robaqiZe 1917 wels saqarTvelosa da

socializmis kavSirze sxvas arafers wers.

qarTvelma bolSevikebma, miuxedavad imisa, rom rusebis brma mimdevrebi

iyvnen, ver moaxerxes socialisturi revoluciis politikuri armiis Seqmna.

78

muSaTa klasi, ZiriTadad, menSevikebs emxroboda. 1917 wlis noemberSi

saqarTveloSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis pirveli cda marcxiT damTavrda.

am droisaTvis socialisturi revoluciis gansaxorcieleblad Cvens qveyanaSi

pirobebi ar iyo momwifebuli.

misi Tanamedrove sinamdvile sanugeSos verafers eubneba grigol robaqiZes.

ìstoriuli Segnebuloba~ win ar wasula. jer iyo msoflio omi, romelmac mTeli

xalxebi paikebad aqcia. Semdeg – ruseTis revolucia, saSineli anarqia, stiqia,

romelsac “Txisfexianma ruseTma” ver gauZlo. am yovelivem pirovnebac daSala

lamis.

qaosi yvelgan, qaosi da fantasmebi.

sxva qveynebisgan gansxvavebiT, saqarTveloSi meti mSvidoba iyo. magram

qarTvelebi beds arasodes gaunebivrebia, amitom istoriuli skepsisi iCens Tavs:

`vai, Tu mTeli es saSineleba saqarTveloSi damTavrdes ukanaskneli

katastrofiT~ (saqarTvelo 1918e:2).

aseTi anarqiis moZalebis dros Znelia, imoqmedo Segnebulad. es, cxadia,

publicistma kargad icis. swored amitom is mudmivad cdilobs, imoqmedos

sazogadoebriv azrze, moaxdinos misi formireba da gaamyaros: `stiqionis

adidebaSi unda ikrebde yovels Zalas, Segneba Tavis Tavisa umZafres siRrmemde

unda xdebodes, saxalxo nebis energia unda Segnebulad irazmebodes, _ da maSin,

Tu mogebuli ver gamovalT, Tavs mainc gadavirCenT~ (saqarTvelo 1918v:2).

socialisturi partiebisgan gansxvavebiT, qarTvel nacional-demokratebs ar

hqondaT programa-minimumi da programa-maqsimumi. maTi erTgvari progarma-maqsimumi

iyo saqarTvelos sruli saxelmwifoebrivi Tavisufleba. magram programis

saWiroebis sakiTxi suverenitetis Semdgomac wamohyofda Tavs, amitom gr. robaqiZe

ganixilavs ori saxis programis raobasa da saWiroebas socialisturi partiebis

programis mixedviT.

maTi programa-minimumi iTvaliswinebda burJuaziuli wyobilebis srul

demokratizacias, xolo programa-maqsimumi – am wyobilebis mospobas da

socialisturi saxelmwifos aSenebas. programa-minimumi iyo erTgvari gardamavali

safexuri sazogadoebis mosamzadeblad.

`momzadebis~ gamo programis orad gayofa Seuwynarebelia grigol

robaqiZisaTvis. amas Tu gavyeviT, SeiZleba, sazogadoeba minimaluri programis

donezec ar iyos momzadebuli da maSin misi gayofac mogviwevs. metic, yoveli

istoriuli aqtisa Tu socialuri reformisaTvis calke programis wamoyeneba

gaxdeba saWiro. amitom saRi azris mimdevari politikuri partiebi erT programas

qmnian. bunebrivia, erTbaSad misi ganxorcieleba SeuZlebelia, es TandaTan,

79

safexurebad xdeba, Tanmimdevrulad. sxvaTa Soris, marqssa da engelss

`komunisturi manifesti~ orad ar gauyviaT, metic, isini amis winaaRmdegni iyvnen.

grigol robaqiZe orad gayofil programas politikur orWofobad miiCnevs,

magram aris sxva mxarec. SeiZleba, socialistebi programa-minimums praqtikul

miRwevad, programa-maqsimums ki idealad miiCnevdnen. idealTan miaxloeba

SesaZlebelia, sruli ganxorcieleba ki – ara. socialistebi ki programa-

maqsimumis srul ganxorcielebas gulisxmobdnen.

socialuri Tanasworoba, romlis damyarebac surdaT socialistebs,

robaqiZis azriT, utopiaa _ adamianis fsiqika arasdros ganzogaddeba, `me~ ver

moispoba, ver gaiTqvifeba `CvenSi~. klasikurad aqvs naTqvami klemensos: `Tqveni

koncefcia erT muxlSi scodebs: adamiani, romelic dagWirdebaT Tqveni ideis

gansaxorcieleblad, jer ar arsebobs, Tu gind Tqveni Teoria kidec

ganxorcieldes~ (saqarTvelo 1918z:2). es ironiuli fraza zustad asaxavs gr.

robaqiZis pozicias.

amdenad, avtoris daskvniT, socialisturi ideali yalb safuZvelzea

agebuli. demokratiul partias SeuZlia ufro marTebuli socialuri ideali

wamoayenos, romelic daemyareba samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos ideas. amas

socialuri saswauli ar sWirdeba. mizani _ ìndividuali Tavisufleba~.

Sesabamisad, nacional-demokratebis erTiani, gauyofeli programa gamarTlebulia.

grigol robaqiZes gansakuTrebiT ar moswonda klasobrivi brZolis Teoria.

igi dawmunebuli iyo, rom klasobrivisa da erovnulis dapirispirebaSi

klasobrivisadmi upiratesobis miniWebam daRupa ruseTis `xelmwifobiTi

Zlevamosiloba~ da igive daRupavda saqarTvelos, misi gamTlianebis ideas.

amdenad, sasicoxlod mniSvnelovnad CaTvala am problemis ganxilva da gadaWra.

marqsizmi mxolod klasobriv dayofas cnobda, erovnebebad dayofas ki

ugulebelyofda. klasTa brZola, ramdenad samwuxaroc unda yofiliyo

robaqiZisaTvis, Teoriis sazRvrebs gascda da realobad iqca. saqarTveloSi

mcxovrebi wvrili mesakuTreebi `raRac gangebiT (Tu gaugebrobiT!)~ socialistur

partias miemxrnen. soflebSi anarqia gamefda, maSin, roca saWiro iyo gaerTianeba.

is, rom glexisaTvis sulerTi gaxda, vin iqneboda batoni _ rusi Tu TaTari _

erovnuli dekadensis niSania. kacobriobis istoria klasobrivi nayofi rodia,

rogorc fiqrobdnen socialistebi, robaqiZisTvis ufro mniSvnelovania erovneba.

eri mTelia, klasi ki – nawili. qarTvels am nawilis warmodgena, gageba ufro

gauadvilda, vidre mTelis, radgan, avtoris azriT, “saqarTvelos sxeuli

JorJ benJamin klemenso (1841-1929) _ frangi saxelmwifo moRvawe da Jurnalisti.

safrangeTis premier ministri 1906-1909 da 1917-1920 ww.

80

istoriulad daavadebulia” (saqarTvelo 1918T:2). socializmis mimxrobac

erovnul dekadanss amJRavnebs.

amdenad, qarTvelobas gamojansaReba sWirdeba. aseT dros eris bedi

damokidebulia imaze, Tu ra gzas airCeven politikosebi: klasobrivs anacvaleben

erovnuls, Tu, piriqiT.

grigol robaqiZe Tavzardacemulia imiT, rom klasobrivi brZolis Teoriam

praqtikuli ganxorcieleba daiwyo saqarTveloSi. Tavs esxmian, ayaCaReben, xocaven

memamuleebs, amowyvites ciciSvilebi, maRalaSvilebi, TurqestaniSvilebi...

daarbies amirejibebi, bagration-daviTaSvilebi... robaqiZe gaognebulia _ rogor

wavida Segnebuli glexi konstantine amirejibis winaaRmdeg; imis winaaRmdeg, vinc

mTeli sicocxle sofels Seswira iq evropuli codna-gamocdilebis Sesatanad da

romelmac ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi avlevi umSvenieres kulturul soflad

aqcia.

Cven mcirericxovani eri varT da yovelma Cvenganma qveynis fizikur dacvaze

unda izrunos. `Tu samoqalaqo omSi Cven erTi meores davuwyeT xocva, maSin raRaT

gvinda an erovnuli Tavisufleba da an raime sociali idealis ganxorcieleba~

(saqarTvelo 1918i:2). TiTqos martivi ritorikuli SekiTxvaa, romlis pasuxic

yvelam icis, magram, faqtia, rom mas merec bevjer dagvWirda amgvari Segoneba,

Tumca maSinac da Semdgomac – amaod... publicists es sityvebi sasxvaTaSorisod

ar uTqvams.

socialistebs Zalian uyvardaT lozungebi, romlebic myvirala sityvebiT

gamoirCeoda. gr. robaqiZes aseTi mowodebebi mravali borotebis warmomSobad

miaCnda. batonebi glexebs `yvlefen~, `sisxls swoven~... ismendnen lozungebs

qarTveli glexebi da boRmiT ivsebodnen. ismendnen lozungebs da Rvawlis,

damsaxurebis, asakis miuxedavad arbevdnen, xocavdnen inteligencias, anTxevdndn

gesls. es maSin, roca eris sicocxle bewvze ekida.

avtori menSevikebs, maTive programidan gamomdinare, akisrebs agraruli

sakiTxebis mogvarebisa da azvirTebuli anarqiis Cacxrobis movaleobas. Tu eri

socialur winaaRmdegobaTa gaRrmavebas gahyveba, Tan gadahyveba. erovnuli

TviTdamkvidreba – saSurad, socialuri revoluciis qadageba ki uadgilod miaCnia

robaqiZes.

am saerTo ubedurebas Tan erTvoda aWaris gaucxoeba, romelic SeiZleboda,

sabediswero gamxdariyo saqarTvelosTvis. Ppublicisti daafiqra im faqtma, rom

RviZli Zma veRar cnobda qarTvelebs. saqarTvelosa da aWaras Soris aris

ufskruli – islami. avtoris mtkicebiT, es ar aris mxolod rjuli, es Tavad

erovnebaa. ìslamSi gadasuli suli erovnulad gvardeba~ (saqarTvelo 1918k:2).

amasTan, SeiZleba, qarTulma erovnulma sulma ver gauZlo Zlier islamur

81

gavlenas da aWarelSi rjulma sZlia erovnebas. albaT, amitomac aris, rom

àWareli Tavis Tavs `TaTars~ uwodebs, _ Tumca, gvariani qarTuli sityviT~

(saqarTvelo 1918l:2).

es mware magaliTi qarTvelobas avaldebulebs, gamokveTos, ganamtkicos

erovnuli suli. Tumc jer fizikuri gadarCenis sakiTxi dgas.

gr. robaqiZe mTeli arsebiT ewinaaRmdegeboda socializmsa da socialistebs,

magram sul sxva damokidebuleba hqonda arCil jorjaZisadmi. isic xom

socialisti iyo, magram misi `msoflmxedvelobis sagani erovnebaa anu ukeT rom

vTqvaT, samSoblo saqarTvelo~ (kolxida 1911J:2). socializmi mas erovnuli

problemis gadasaWrelad undoda. arCil jorjaZes uzomod uyvarda samSoblo da

misi xsnis Teoriul gzebs eZebda praqtikuli ganxorcielebisTvis, mudam

erovnuli problemis garSemo trialebda. robaqiZe bevr rameSi ar eTanxmeboda

mas, magram mTavari sxvaa _ a. jorjaZis pirovnuli miswrafebebi, suliskveTeba,

gancdebi erovnulTan iyo Sesxeulebuli. amitom uyvarda igi grigol robaqiZes.

`qarTvel ers didi winaswarmetyveli eWirveba cecxliT Sobili. Tqven misi

winamorbedi xarT” (maRlaferiZe 2005b:164), _ werda igi arCil jorjaZes 1912 wels.

sakuTari eris mgznebare siyvaruli igrZnoba gr. robaqiZis yovel sityvaSi.

Tu rames akeTebda, qveynisTvis akeTebda, rasac werda, eris sakeTildReod werda.

qarTveli rasis raindobas usvamda xazs mudam. misTvis saqarTvelos istoria

rainduli sisxlis istoria iyo.

erovnul dekadensze ityvis rames, Tanve sxvagan aRniSnavs: `Cvens rasas jer

wveTi ar dascemia. nurca gonia vinmes viTom damblis niSnebi iyos Cveni sxeulis

xerxemalSi. SesaZloa, `sisxlis gamoSveba~ gvWirdebodes: didi xania, rac aris

dagubebuli. magram Tu gamouSves, qarTuli xmali maSin mzis tevrebSi

aprialdeba~ (saqarTvelo 1918m:2). marTebulad aRniSna s. siguam - `mxolod grigol

robaqiZem miaqcia yuradReba eris sulis sijansaRes, uaryo glova, sevda da

momavals miapyro mzera~ (sigua 2002:238).

Cven varT eri, sicocxlis gamaRmerTebeli, moqeife da udardeli. Cven varT

eri, romelic xmliT icavda Tavisuflebas da mudam amayobda Tavisuflebis

mZafri, genebSi kodirebuli siyvaruliT.

swored am grZnobisken iyo mimarTuli gr. robaqiZis aqtualuri problemuri

statiebi rusul qaosze, Tavisuflebasa da monobaze, qarTvelobis gadarCenaze.

`naklebi cqera peterburgisaken, _ meti yuradReba Tavis Tavisa, _ ai, sadReiso

devizi~ (saqarTvelo 1917W:4).

roca ukrainisadmi omis gamocxadebas ganixilavda rogorc jaWvis erT

rgols, TavisTavad, mianiSnebda, rom Semdegi rgoli, SeiZleboda, saqarTveloc

aRmoCeniliyo. xazs usvamda mosalodnel safrTxes _ bolSevikebi, romlebic

82

CvenSi umciresobas warmoadgenen, ar momZlavrdnen da saqarTveloc qaosSi ar

gaaxviono. imisaTvis, rom karsmomdgari Tavisufleba ar daekargaT, qarTvelebs

fxizlad yofna marTebdaT. dayrdnoba sakuTar Tavze da ara cqera

peterburgisken, TavisTavadoba da ara monoba, _ es iyo gr. robaqiZis

publicistikis laitmotivi.

grigol robaqiZe SesaSuri politologi iyo da winaswarWvretis saocari

niWi hqonda, rac araerTxel aRvniSneT.

1917 wlis revolucia TiTqos is iyo, razec saqarTveloSi ocnebobdnen.

monarqia daamxes, magram Tavad es burJuaziul-demokratiuli revolucia uZluri

da marTvis unars moklebuli aRmoCnda. oqtombris revoluciam meti Zala

gamoamJRavna. dapirispirebis bolo sworad ivarauda gr. robaqiZem: am SexlaSi,

albaT, bolSevizmi gaimarjvebso.

grigol robaqiZe zust prognozebs awvdida sazogadoebas, magram misi xma

udabnoSi aravis esmoda. publicisti mainc erTgulad moRvaweobda, erovnuli

paTosis gamoRviZebas cdilobda, raTa fantasmebs ar daebinda saRi azri,

Sexeduleba, emocia...

aqtualuri, umniSvnelovanesi da uaxlesi, mimdinare movlenebis Rrma

analizi, paralelebi da eWvSeutaneli daskvnebi, _ es grigol robaqiZis

publicistikaa. sxvaTa Soris, mwvave werilebs xels awers Tavisi cnobili

fsevdonimiT _ givi gollendi.

cota xanSi gr. robaqiZe saqarTvelos mTavrobis kancelariaSi iwyebs

stilistad muSaobas, mTavrobis dadgenilebebs enis normebis mixedviT amuSavebs.

wlebis Semdeg igi sabWoTa mwerlebis federaciis Tavmjdomaris moadgiled

dainiSneba. gasaocaria, igi xom bolSevizmis mudmivi mowinaaRmdege iyo.

socialistebi ki Zvel wyenas advilad ar iviwyebdnen. Tumca, gava kidev ramdenime

weli da grigol robaqiZes xalxis mtrad gamoacxadeben. danamdvilebiT SeiZleba

iTqvas, rom mas represireba ar ascdeboda, raSic, albaT, Tavadac ar epareboda

eWvi. amitomac darCa igi sazRvargareT, sadac, mis TanamedroveTa mogonebebiT,

droebiT, meuRlis samkurnalod da Tavisi wignebis germanul enaze gamosacemad

iyo wasuli. Tumca, Tavad emigranti 1952 wlis dekemberSi nikos kazanZakiss

swerda: 1928 wels `me ukve Sinaganad gadawyvetili mqonda dametovebina sabWoTa

kavSiri... or weliwadze metxans vcdilobdi, gamomeglija Tanxmoba

gasamgzavreblad. bolos miviRe igi Cemi dramis `lamaras~ wyalobiT... sazRvari

nikos kazanZakisi (1883-1954) _ cnobili berZeni mwerali da filosofosi. 1946 wels wardgenili iyo nobelis premiaze. 1956 wels dajildovda mSvidobis ordeniT.

83

rom gadavlaxe, ise SvebiT amovisunTqe, rogorc arasodes Cems cxovrebaSi~ (mesxi

1996 : 105-107).

grigol robaqiძe ixsnebs, Tavdapirvelad rogori pativi da dideba ergo mas

evropaSi, rogor tkbeboda SemoqmedebiTi cxovrebiT, magram moulodnelad

yvelaferi Seicvala. `1933 wels `Cakluli sulis~ gamoCenis Semdeg (bolSevikebma

– r. g.) mTel evropaSi gaavrceles satanurad Wkvianuri azri, rom me germaneli

faSisti gavxdi~ (mesxi 1996:108).

ase Caiketa robaqiZe germaniaSi. saqarTveloSi ki Worebs axal-axali

detalebiT amdidrebdnen: `mand, samwuxarod, yalbi cnobebi hqoniaT grigolis

Sesaxeb, TiTqos nacisti iyo, hitlerTan dadioda, kavkasiis frontze iyo da sxva

amgvari sisuleleebi... rozenbergTan gaiqcao, mis megobarTano. Tavidan bolomde

siyalbea es. Tqven Zmas TvaliT ar unaxavs axlos arc hitleri, arc rozenbergi,

arc sxva aravin... araviTari damokidebuleba jarTan grigols ar hqonia. araviTar

rols ar TamaSobda omis dros~ (literaturuli saqarTvelo 1987:6), – wers

`xalxis mtris~ megobari, saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli xmebiT aRSfoTebuli

kalistrate salia grigol robaqiZis das, lida robaqiZes.

`სატანურად ჭკვიანური აზრის~ გავრცელებას გარკვეული ჯგუფები დღემდე

აგრძელებენ. მაგალითად, ერთ-ერთ რუსულენოვან ინტერნეტ-გამოცემაში რობაქიძე

მოხსენიებულია კოლაბორანტად, სამშობლოს გამცემად, რომელიც საქართველოში გმირად

იქცა. ავტორის აზრით, ცნობილი მწერლის მიერ ჰიტლერისთვის მთელი წიგნის მიძღვნას

ანალოგი არ მოეპოვება მსოფლიო ლიტერატურის ისტორიაში. პოპოვი ასევე აკვნის, რომ

ქართველ კოლაბორანტებს გერმანელი ნაცისტები განსაკუთრებულად ენდობოდნენ. ამის

დასტურად თუნდაც შემდეგი პასაჟი გამოდგება: «Как свидетельствовали несколько попавших в

советский плен грузинских легионеров вермахта, перед отправкой на фронт их напутствовали Геринг

и Робакидзе. Первый говорил о том, что они должны изгнать из Грузии евреев и большевиков, второй

упоминал об одних большевиках. Но не хочется на этом основании утверждать, что, дескать,

эмигрантский классик был скрытым антинацистом или по крайней мере противником

антисемитизма» (პოპოვი 2009).

ucxoeTSi gadaxvewil mwerals faSistad da qveynis moRalated gamocxadeba

ar akmares, megobar mweralTa gamoxmaurebac daurTes gulis satkenad. gazeTSi

dabeWdil am cnobil gamoxmaurebaSi mwerlebi iseTi sityvebiT moixseniebdnen

robaqiZes, rogoric, irakli abaSiZis TqmiT, maT gulSic arasdros gauvliaT

TavianTi namdvili mowinaaRmdegeebis, mtrebis mimarTac ki. amasTan dakavSirebiT,

sainteresod gveCveneba amonaridi irakli abaSiZis mogonebebidan `zarebi

84

ocdaaTiani wlebidan~. andrei beli ixsenebs: «...Отмечу, чем я восхищён в моих новых

друзьях: ни штриха самомнения, самости, или желания первенствовать; постепенно Яшвили

подчеркивает: «Я-то что: Тициан, - вот в чём сила». Табидзе же кивает: « не я, а – Паоло». И

оба твердят: «Робакидзе, - как жаль, что разъехались с ним» (saqarTvelos respublika

2003:4).

es is sityvebia, romlebsac, vfiqrobT, komentari ar unda daerTos.

andrei beli (namdvili saxeli _ boris bugaevi) (1880-1934 ww) _ cnobili rusi

poeti, novelisti da literaturis kritikosi.

85

IV Tavi

ena, literatura, Teatri

grigol robaqiZes an aRmerTebdnen, an mwvaved akritikebdnen; misi axali

ideebi an moswondaT, an miuReblad Tu gaugebrad miaCndaT. masTan xSirad

imarTeboda polemika sxvadasxva sakiTxze.

grigol robaqiZis leqciebis gamo gamarTuli polemika naSromis pirvel

TavSi mimovixileT, axla ki gvinda, SevexoT kidev erT polemikas sonetis Sesaxeb.

Ggr. robaqiZes da i. griSaSvils megobruli urTierToba hqondaT. amas

mowmobs piradi werilebi, mogonebebi... grigol robaqiZe sakmaod maRali azris iyo

griSaSvilis Semoqmedebaze, ris dasturadac gamodgeba misi `foTlebi~, romelSic

poetis saqebari sityvebi uxvad Segvxvda.

gavida sul radenime weli da sonetis, rogorc Janris irgvliv atexili

davis dros isini erTmaneTis Semoqmedebaze sxvagvarad alaparakdnen.

ioseb griSaSvilma monografiaSi `saiaTnova~ aRniSna, rom saqarTveloSi

swori sonetebis Semomtanebi iyvnen kote mayaSvili, meliton gobeCia... poetma

gakenwla `yanwelebis~ tolumbaSi robaqiZe~, romelmac aRniSna, saqarTveloSi

swori sonetebi Cven SemoviReTo. amasTan, griSaSvilma sonetis struqturazec

isaubra _ bolo dros rusi poetebi sonetis riTmas aburTaveben, sonetis pirveli

naxevris rva striqons oTxi saxis riTmiT ki ar ar riTmaven – rogorc es Zvelad

iyo – aramed ori saxis riTmiTo. swori sonetis magaliTad i. griSaSvilma Tavisi

sonetebi daasaxela.

grigol robaqiZem Tavis publikaciSi gaimeora zemoT aRniSnuli sityvebi da

pasuxad wers, griSaSvilma sonetebis arc istoria icis da arc – forma, romlis

Sesaxebac uamravi gamokvleva arsebobso. magram sakmarisia enciklopediaSi

Caxedvac, raTa gaigos ànbanuri debuleba, rom Zvelad klasikuri sonetis rva

striqoni iyo gariTmuli orTa riTmiT da ara oTxiT~ (saqarTvelo 1918n:3).

soneti gotikur nagebobas hgavs. igi unda gamoiWedos foladis msgavsad. gr.

robaqiZe amtkicebs, rom saqarTveloSi modernistebamde dawerili sonetebi arc

`gare-mxariT” da arc `Sina-mxariT” sonetebs ar warmoadgenda. rac Seexeba

griSaSvils, mas `yaraCoRluri~ stili ufro exerxeba, vidre gotikis naTeli da

mtkice marmarilo.

ioseb griSaSvilma gaikvirva, rom misi `fafuki SeniSvna~ yurad ar iRes _

gamomdgara da aq `pasuxebs~ miwerso. iwyina, sonetebis istoriis ucodinaroba

rogor damwameso da Semdeg, cota ar iyos, kmayofilebiTac ki dasZina: `vin ar

icis, rom me, griSaSvili erTi ùdiplomo~ biWi var da Cemi kisris afska

86

filosofiur qobinebiT ar aris nacem-nagvemi~ (saxalxo saqme 1918a:3). es dasaZraxi

ar aris, avlabris kolorits, SeiZleba, arc sWirdeboda filosofiuri ganaTleba,

magram Tavmosawonic ar unda iyos... yovel SemTxvevaSi, es xels ar uSlis

griSaSvils, ganswavlul robaqiZes yuris axeviT daemuqros: udiplomoba `kidev

imas ar niSnavs, TiTqos me ar SemeZlos evropulad ganswavluli robaqiZe

tyuilSi daviWiro da yuraxeuli miviyvano im sabuTebTan, romelic mas ase Zalian

ejavreba~ (saxalxo saqme 1918b:3). es sabuTebia haines sonetebis rusuli Targmani,

romelze dayrdnoba maSin, roca originali sawinaaRmdegoze metyvelebs, ara

gvgonia, sabuTad vargodes.

rac Seexeba sonetis formis Seswavlas, romlis wyarodac, sul mcire,

enciklopedia miuTiTa grigol robaqiZem, ioseb griSaSvili gverds uvlis da

gamoRma edaveba, Tqven da TqvenisTanebi enciklopediebis, leqsikonebis

saSualebiT werT leqsebs, romelTac arc suli aqvT da arc gulio.

marTalia, griSaSvili sabuTebTan yuraxeulad miyvanas hpirdeboda robaqiZes,

magram es werili sityvis banze agdeba ufroa, vidre guldajerebuli pasuxi. amis

miuxedavad, niSnismogebiT ambobs: nu Sexval, nu ebanebi, nu gamoxval da nu

TrTio! radgan gabedeT da banaoba daiwyeT, TrTolvasac unda gauZloTo. grigol

robaqiZem ki auTrToleblad ganagrZo polemika. ganixila qarTuli sonetebi da

amiT miuTiTa griSaSvils Secdomaze. mokled Seexo maTs Semoqmedebas, vinc

pirveli qarTuli sonetebis avtorebad miaCnda ioseb griSaSvils.

magaliTebiTa da mokle SefasebebiT polemisti iolad amtkicebs, rom swor

sonetad verc erTi maTgani ver CaiTvleba. sxvaTa Soris, swor sonetebad ar

miiCnevs ticianisa da galaktionis adreul leqsebsac (saqarTvelo 1918o:3).

es saubari usiamo aRmoCnda griSaSvilisaTvis. `modi, leqsis poeturobas

Tavi davaneboT, vinaidan me yvelaze metad leqsi miyvars da Tu RmerTi gwamT, nu

SemaZulebT masa!~ (saxalxo saqme 1918g:2).

leqsis siyvaruls vin dauSlida, gr robaqiZe amisTvis ki ar ekamaTeboda,

aramed, piriqiT, leqsis Rirsebebis xazgasasmelad, Rirsebebis, romlebic ar unda

daiCrdilos araswori formiT, gameorebuli riTmiT, susti SinaarsiT...

erTi strofi griSaSvilis `sonetidan~:

`dahqris sio frTagaSlili,

Wavls atokebs, abutbutebs;

vardi gul-mkerd gaReRili

Tval-JuJuna nams ixutebs~... (saqarTvelo 1918p:3).

yoveli adamiani, romelmac diletantis doneze icis, Tu ra aris soneti

da rogori unda iyos igi, ityvis, rom es leqsi marTlac ver ivargebs sonetis

87

nimuSad, robaqiZis Sefaseba ki mkacrad mokveTilia: _ aq arc `neli simZime”

igrZnoba, arc `Wedi~, aq mxolod `cindrikiao~.

ticiani da galaktioni Tavidanve uaryofdnen adreuli leqsebis sonetobaso,

_ Tqva gr. robaqiZem da i. griSaSvilma pasuxad, cota ar iyos, avlabrul kiloze

iqilika:

`daSxoS, biWo!

ra kargia da!

am poetebma marto imitom uaryves TavianTi sonetebi (ara orfa riTmiT

akinZulni), rom robaqiZisaTvis gaeadvilebinaT sxvaTa gafaseba~ (saxalxo saqme

1918d:3).

Rogorc Cans, àRa-batonis~ mier daSinebulebs ufiqriaT, CaTrevas Cayola

sjobiao da uaruyviaT TavianTi leqsebi...

ase sabralod, despot robaqiZis qeSik-msaxurebad dagvixata griSaSvilma

tabiZeebi. àRa-batonma~ ki amayi poziT upasuxa: `me arasodes arc aravis àRa-

batoni~ ar vyofilvar da arc minda viyo; da griSaSvilmave unda icodes, rom

`yanwelebi~ xaTriT arafers akeTeben~ (saqarTvelo 1918J:3).

`CaTreuli~ Tu `Cayolili~ ticianic gamoxemaura griSaSvils: `... Cems

bavSvur Secdomebs (araswor sonetebs – r. g.) siyvaruliT vigoneb... aravis xaTriT

arc me da, mgonia, arc galaktion tabiZes ar uargviyvia Cveni Zveli sonetebis

Seusabamoba. es sakuTari analizis Sedegia... griSaSvili rom amgvari analizis

niWs savsebiT moklebuli ar iyos, mTel Tavis wignze aiRebda xels~ (saqarTvelo

1918r:3).

wignze ara, magram polemikaze namdvilad aiRo xeli ioseb griSaSvilma.

mogvianebiT, 1920 wels mas gamouCnda damcveli faSaliSvilis saxiT.

griSaSvilisadmi robaqiZis `gadamterebas~ ase xsnis faSaliSvili: robaqiZes

poetTan `mouvida piradi uTanxmoeba (quTaisSi gamarTul saRamoze), Semdeg,

kamaTis dros (sonetis Semotanis Taobaze), griSaSvilma daamarcxa robaqiZe. mere

faSaliSvilma daswera ori werili `SvildosnelTa~ Sesaxeb, sadac robaqiZis

poeturoba avad moixsenia da es gaxda mizezi robaqiZis samudamo gadamterebisa~

(saxalxo saqme 1920a:2-3).

pasuxad gr. robaqiZe ganmartavs, rom griSaSvilis saRamoze quTaisSi

uTanxmoeba mouvida sergo kldiaSvilTan da ara griSaSvilTan. xolo rac

Seexeba mis damarcxebas griSaSvilTan polemikis dros, `visac soneti uyvars da

misi formis rame esmis, mas es moTxzuli ambavi siciladac ar eyofa~ (saqarTvelo

1920b:3). faSaliSvilis feletonebi ki TvaliTac ar unaxavs da ar ainteresebs.

saubari imaze, rom robaqiZe piradi interesebis gamo wers kritikul

SeniSvnebs, fuWia. magram faSaliSvils momarjvebuli aqvs erTi faqti, romelic

88

adre Cvenc aRvniSneT: robaqiZe uwin aqebda griSaSvils, axla ki akritikebs da

asamarebs. marTalia, cvlilebebisagan dazRveuli aris, magram

faSaliSvili am faqts Tavis sasargeblod xsnis: `robaqiZe gagvipoetda da am

dargSi daiwyo `bazris~ Zieba. da ... Seudga griSaSvilisa da mis TanamokalmeTa

`gabaxebas~ da `dasamarebas~ (saxalxo saqme 1920b:2).

grigol robaqiZe is kaci araa, `bazari~ eZios da sxvac amisaTvis lanZRos.

`robaqiZem kargaT icis... rom fiqri: `bazris~ SovnisaTvis sxva aZago da Sen

amaRlde, qveyniuri zraxvaa mxolod, romelic sCveviaT kacunebs~ (saqarTvelo

1920g:3).

gvian, emigraciaSi, grigol robaqiZe isev gaixsnenebs griSaSvils.

lavrenti beriasadmi miZRvnil leqsSi ioseb griSaSvils aseTi ram wascdenia:

ubrZane mtkvars, ukan iwyebs denaso.

1954 wels radio `Tavisuflebis~ eTeriT qarTveli mwerlebisadmi

mimarTvisas grigol robaqiZem gaixsena es faqti. `mtkvari Tavis denas ganagrZobs,

mbrZanebeli ki im soflisaken gaistumres ise, rom amsoflad xsenebac iqna misi

aRmofxvrili. griSaSvili, albaT, TiTebs ikvnets axla da ambobs: ram damaweria

es uxamsi ramo~. getyviT: daaweria im sistemiT gaSlilma atmosferom, sadac

yvelaferi akrZalulia, rac araa nabrZanebi~ (CemTvis... 1996b:61).

xuTiode wliT adre ki JurnalSi `bedi qarTlisa~ daibeWda `saTaveni Cemi

Semoqmedebisa~. gr. robaqiZe ixsenebs `kuriozs~: èrTs mgosans – romelic mis pawa

poetur samTavroSi poeziisa exlac maestrod vTvli da axlac megobruli

grZnobiT vigoneb Soridan – erTi rvastriqoniani Sairi sonetad gamoecxadebina.

gamiwyra RmerTi da erTs mimoxilvaSi RimiliT `CavawveTe~: Tu ar icis, ramden

striqoniani unda iyves sonti, enciklopediur leqsikonSi mainc Caixedos-meTqi.

astexa dava – Turme amazec SesaZlebeli yofila kamaTi saqarTveloSi – atyda

dava da mere ra dava!~ (CemTvis... 1996g:81).

sxvaTa Soris, ar asaxelebs im mgosans.

rogorc vxedavT, drom, manZilma, Zvelma megobrobam mainc siTboTi moagona

grigol robaqiZes aSuRi poeti – ioseb griSaSvili.

grigol robaqiZe mxolod sonetze rodi msjelobda, igi mudam cdilobda,

yofiliyo iq, sadac sWirdeboda axal qarTul literaturas. radgan icoda,

rom qarTveli erisTvis mwerloba ar iyo mxolod da mxolod `sityviereba~ ar

iyo. misTvis mwerloba bevrad mets niSnavda _ qmnida mwerlobas da cocxlobda

misiT. Tavadac xom qarTveli eris nawili iyo da arc misTvis warmoadgenda

mwerloba mxolod sityvierebis sferos. gansakuTrebuli siyvaruliT ekideboda

yovel qarTul sityvas, zrunavda mwerlobis ganviTarebaze mTeli arsebiT –

89

praqtikuli moRvaweobiTa Tu Teoriuli ZiebaniT. amitomac uwodebdnen xelovnebis

qurums.

gasuli saukunis 10-iani wlebis dasawyisSi grigol robaqiZem Tavisi

Tanamedrove mwerlobis poeziisa da prozis mimoxilva ganizraxa. mas surda,

gamoekveTa tendencia me-20 saukunis mwerlobisa, romelic is-is iyo Camoyalibebas

iwyebda, Tumca, kargad icoda, rogor rTul saqmesTan SeWideba ganizraxa.

axalgazrda mwerlebisadmi mimarTvas gr. robaqiZe arCil jorjaZis damowmebiT

iwyebs: – Cvens uaxloes mwerlobas garkveuli saxe ar uCans da misi kritikuli

ganxilva jerjerobiT TiTqmis SeuZlebeliao (kolxida 1912 h2:3). Tumca, 1912 wels

grigol robaqiZe ukve xedavda, rom mwerloba `bundovani qaosidan~ gamodioda da

TandaTan, nel-nela ayalibebda Tavis saxes. amitom gadawyvita zogadi tendencia

gamoekveTa da mimarTa mwerlebs (i. griSaSvils, s. SanSiaSvils, a. WumbaZes, a.

abaSels, g. quCiSvilsa da sxvebs), miewodebinaT TavianTi saukeTeso nawarmoebebi.

maSin grigol robaqiZe peterburgSi imyofeboda.

es mimarTva TebervalSi daibeWda gazeT `kolxidaSi~. avtori varaudobda,

rom maisis bolosTvis samuSaos ZiriTad nawils daasrulebda. imaze, Tu rogor

daainteresa misma winadadebam axalgazrda Semoqmedebi, Semdegi faqti metyvelebs

– Teqvsmetma mweralma ramdenime Txzulebis nacvlad TiTqmis yvela nawarmoebi

gaugzavna kritikoss. grigol robaqiZem, bunebrivia, am zRva masalis Seswavla-

damuSaveba or-sam TveSi ver moaswro. ivnisSi man isev mimarTa mwerlebs Ria

weriliT da auxsna, Tu ratom ver SeZlo danapirebis Sesruleba, ratom ver

daubruna avtorebs maisis bolos nawarmoebebi (kolxida 1912h3:3). amis Semdeg gr.

robaqiZis Canafiqris Sesaxeb presa dums, Tumca, xelovnebis qurumi Tu erTianad

ara, nawil-nawil mainc mudmivad mimoixilavda qarTvel mweralTa Semoqmedebas.

zogs akritikebda misi daxvewa-daostatebis mizniT, zogsac damsaxurebisamebr

aqebda. amas garda, igi Teoriul sakiTxebsac ikvlevda da qarTuli mwerlobis

magistraluri xazis gansazRvras cdilobda.

grigol robaqiZes ar asvenebda qarTuli sityva. igi amayobda Zveli qarTuli

arqiteqturiT, qarTvelTa “TvalRia sizmrebis” amsaxveli freskebiT, taZrebiT,

munji qvebi rom locvebad aametyvela, gamorCeuli mravalxmiani simReriT da im

yvelafriT, raSic qarTvelobis qarTveloba mJRavndeboda... magram, upirveles

yovlisa, igi qarTuli sityvis trfiali gaxldaT da swamda, rom misi badali

Zvirad Tu sadme arsebobda... swored qarTuli sityvis plastikuroba, moqniloba,

Seaxsena mwerlebs Tavis erT-erT werilSi, samSoblosadmi miZRvnil mcire odas

rom hgavs. rCeba STabeWdileba, TiTqos Tanamedrove mweralTa nawils

patriotizmis nakleboba SeamCnia da amitomac dasWirda, maTTvis sagangebod

CamoeTvala saqarTvelos Rirsebebi. es, albaT, imiTac iyo gamowveuli, rom 1917

90

weli idga, bolSevizmis moZalebis Jami. aravin icoda, istoriuli qartexilebi

saiT gadaswonida saqarTvelos.

grigol robaqiZe ki ise ufrTxoda bolSevizms, rogorc keTrs. ruseTSi

gamefebul qaosSi saqarTveloc rom ar àTqvefiliyo~, albaT, saWiro CaTvala,

kidev erTxel Sexeboda mwerlebis (romlebic, savaraudod, am saqmeSi Tavis

saukeTeso mokavSireebad eguleboda) grZnobebs, maTs siyvaruls samSoblosadmi.

àRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis saidumlo uReltexili~ – ase moixseniebs

avtori mamuls, romelsac dRes xSirad derefans uwodeben. marTalia, politikaSi

poeturad aferadebul sityvebs naklebi fasi aqvs, magram, dameTanxmebiT, Cvens

qveyanas `saidumlo uReltexili~ ufro miesadageba, vidre `derefani~. am

uReltexilze mcxovrebi xalxi, grigol robaqiZis sityviT, aRmosavleTis

`fiqrmoreuli SuadRiT~ iwvis da dasavleTis `saSiSar sicxades~ erTvis.

`qarTuli nadimiT vixdiT aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis qorwils _ da nadimi igi

mTavari hangia Cveni naWedi sityvisa~ (saqarTvelo 1917x:3).

gr. robaqiZes saqarTvelos damoukidebloba surda, sxvagvarad Cveni arseboba

verc warmoedgina. qarTvel mwerlebsac mouwodebda, im Znelbedobisa da

gaurkvevlobis Jams qedmaRlebs warmoeTqvaT TavdajerebiT, rom saqarTvelo

sakuTar Tavs, funqcias isev ipovida da msoflios Tavis namdvil sityvas etyoda.

samSobloze saubrisas werilSi qarTveli filosofosis Tanamdevi nicSe da

dionisec iCens Tavs. avtoris rwmeniT, saqarTvelo is qveyanaa, sadac zaratustras

SeuZlia dabadeba, sadac suls wameba gamoucdia, guls ki _ cecxli. `wameba Cveni

dionisos vnebaa da cecxli Cveni sicocxlis genia... wameba da cecxli. am or

sityvaSi moqceula mTeli Cveni sicocxle. maS, ra gviSavs: pirveli gagvwmends

RvTiuri msxverplisTvis, meore mogvasxams alisfer mosasxams~ (saqarTvelo

1917j:3).

am sityvebis daweridan oTxi weliwadic ar iyo gasuli, roca saqarTvelo

namdvilad gahxvies wiTel mosasxamSi, oRond imaSi, romlisganac eris garidebas

mTeli Zal-RoniT amaod cdilobda grigol robaqiZe.

zemoT Teoriuli sakiTxebis kvleva vaxseneT. erT-erT werilSi gr. robaqiZem

qarTuli leqsi mimoixila da riTmas CauRrmavda. saTqmeli stefan malarmes

sityvebiT daiwyo: – leqsi aris enaSi yvelgan, sadac aris ritmi, yvelgan,

afiSebisa da meoTxe gverdebis gardao (saqarTvelo 1918s:2). frangi simbolistis

azriT, is, rasac prozas uwodeben, sinamdvileSi arc arsebobs, radgan iqac aris

ritmi, anu isic leqsia. marTalia, riTmis sruliad uaryofas gr. robaqiZe ar

eTanxmeboda, magram isic fiqrobda, rom mTavaria ritmi – `leqsis Sinagani

aRnagoba~ da ara riTma _ leqsis samkauli. amiT xsnida igi gauriTmavi Zveli

qarTuli sasuliero poeziis poeturobas.

91

qarTul leqss mdidari riTma amkobs, magram robaqiZis TvalSi amas fasi

ekargeboda. misi azriT, poetebs riTmiT xSirad ritmi aqvT damsxvreuli (am mxriv,

Seucdomel gamonaklisad mxolod rusTavels miiCnevda). besikic ki, romelic

leqsis teqnikis codnis TvalsazrisiT, didostatad miaCnda, urevda qalur da

vaJur riTmebs. avtoris mtkicebiT, am Secdomisgan dazRveuli ar iyo nikoloz

baraTaSvilic. gr. robaqiZes magaliTad mohyavs riTma _ merani-yorani-da Secdomas

ganmartavs: `pirveli iwyeba maxviliT è~, meore _ maxviliT ò~. (saqarTvelo

1918t:2).

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, gr. robaqiZis azriT, rusTavelis garda ase yvela

qarTveli poeti scodavda. qarTuli leqsis koWloba `cisferyanwelebma~ igrZnes,

magram ver uSveles. ìmis magier, rom raime gziT gamarTon igi, isini leqsis

warmoTqmaSi maxvils gadasmen xolme arabunebiTad... ese igi, qalurs riTmas

aqceven vaJurad, magram amis gamarTleba SeuZlebelia~ (saqarTvelo 1918u:2). es

albaT, erTaderTi mkacri sayveduria, romelic megobar `yanwelebze~ odesme

dascdenia grigol robaqiZes.

riTmasa da ritmze dafiqrebuli literatori Secdomebis aRniSvnis Semdeg

rCevasac aZlevs poetebs: vaJuri riTma calke sityvebiT unda iWrebodes leqsSi,

Tanac Tanaswor maxviliani xmovniT iwyebodeso. rac Seexeba qalur riTmas, gr.

robaqiZis azriT, calke sityvebi ar aris saWiro, radgan sityvebis SeerTebis

Semdeg maxvili mainc bolodan mesame marcvalze modis, amdenad, riTma qaluri

gamova. mTavaria, maxviliT dawyebuli xmovani aqac erTi da igive iyos. leqsis

musikalurobisaTvis avtori aucileblad miiCnevs jvaredin riTmebs, oRond ise,

rom òrfa riTma~ qaluri iyos da òrfa riTma~ _ vaJuri. qarTuli riTmis

gamarTva ioli saqme rom ar iyo, grigol robaqiZem kargad icoda, Tumc poeziis

ganviTarebisTvis umniSvnelovanes pirobad miaCnda. amitomac moiTxovda am

teqnikis dauflebas axalgazrda poetebisagan.

ritms, maxvilsa da riTmas ori wlis Semdegac miubrunda gr. robaqiZe. im

droisaTvis, misi sityviT, poeziis axal skolas (upirvelesad, cxadia,

`cisferyanwelebi~ igulisxmeba, _ r.g.) viTareba nawilobriv gamousworebia, xolo

Secdomebisgan Tavis daRwevis mizniT werilSi rCevebia mocemuli. yvelaze naklebi

adgili riTmas eTmoba. grigol robaqiZis formula aseTia: gasariTmi sityvebi

SinaarsiT erTmaneTisgan rac SeiZleba daSorebuli unda iyos, xmovanebiT ki,

piriqiT, – rac SeiZleba metad daaxlovebuli. msgavseba harmoniulobas qmnis,

avtori iqve ganmartavs, radgan qarTul leqs erTmarcvliani riTma ar axasiaTebs,

vaJurs ormarcvlovan riTms vuwodeb, qalurs ki _ sammarcvlianso.

92

sxvaoba ki msgavsebis igiveobaSi gadasvlas uwyobs xels. avtoris azriT, qarTul

poeziaSi metismetad xSirad irRveva es esTetikuri kanoni. grigol robaqiZis

daskvna kategoriulia _ am princips rom mivsdioT, qarTuli riTmebis cxra

meaTedi gadasayrelia (saqarTvelo 1920d:2).

zemoT aRvniSneT, rom leqsisTvis riTmaze ufro mniSvnelovnad gr. robaqiZe

ritms Tvlida, uSualod ritmis gammarTvelad ki, upirvelesad, maxvils miiCnevda.

igi CauRmavda kidevac am sakiTxs.

qarTuli maxvili imdenad ucnauria, rom zogi verc amCnevso, – werda.

amasTan, qarTul sityvas gansazRvruli maxvili ar aqvs. magaliTad, frangul

enaSi sityvebs maxvili bolos daesmis, qarTulSi ki igi adgils icvlis: Tu

sityva ormarcvlovania, maxvili pirvelze midis, Tu sam an metmarcvlovania –

bolodan mesame marcvalze.

grigol robaqiZis dakvirvebiT, qarTuli maxvili arc ise melodiuria,

rogoric aris ZvelberZnuli enis da arc ise àZaxiTi~, rogorc rusulis. is

sadRac maT Soris aris moqceuli. amasTan, avtori mTavar da òdnav~ maxvils

ganasxvavebs: mTavari maxvili, rusulis msgavsad, àZaxiTia~, xolo misi mimyoli

òdnavi~ maxvili – ZvelberZnuliviT melodiuri. gr. robaqiZis azriT, swored es

ganapirobebs qarTuli ritmuli sityvis mSvenierebas.

ritmis gasamarTavad, rac, grigol robaqiZis azriT, sityvis esTetikur

aTvisebas gulisxmobs, werilSi ramdenime xerxia aRwerili. enaSi sityvebis saxiT

arsebobs rogorc mza, aseve `dasamuSavebeli masala~. robiqiZe gansakuTrebiT ar

swyalobda im sityvebs, sadac bevri Tanxmovania Tavmoyrili. magaliTad, sityvaSi

`gvwvrTvnian~ rva Tanxmovania erTmaneTze mijrili. avtoris azriT, aseTi sityva

poetma an ar unda gamoiyenos, an unda gaSalos, raTa leqsi ar daamZimos.

mravalTanxmovniani sityvebis gaSlis mizniT TviTon xSirad aridebda Tavs

kumSvas. magaliTad, werda `mtkvaris~ da ara `mtkvris~. raki gr. robaqiZisTvis

ritmi Zalze mniSvnelovani iyo, e.w. sityvebis gaSlas igi prozaSic mimarTavda,

Tumca, es zogs maSinac ar moswonda da dResac examuSeba yurs SeukumSavi

sityvebi.

ritmis darRvevis Tavidan asacilebel meore saSualebad avtors

`daborkili~ sityvis `xmovan~ sityvebSi Casma miaCnda. miuTiTebda sxva xerxzec:

striqoni Tanxmovnebmijrili sityviT ar unda iwyebodes, TavSi ritmuli sityva

unda moeqces, raTa man TanxmovnebiT damZimebuli sityva Tavisi inerciis ZaliT

`gaitanos~.

werilSi `qarTuli ritmiuli~ gr. robaqiZe ritmis gasamarTavad erT-erT

xerxad gameorebasac asaxelebs, Tumca, misi azriT, es imdenad Zneli xerxia, rom

mxolod metrma unda gamoiyenos. radgan gameoreba axsena, ver moiTmina, sityviT ar

93

gaeSolta ioseb griSaSvili, romelmac, misi mtkicebiT, es xerxi gaamasxarava.

magaliTic mohyavs: `gaiRima cis varskvlavma, cis varskvlavma gaiRima~ _ da

askvnis, amgvari gameoreba ritmis gaSlas ki ara, carieli adgilebis amovsebas

emsaxurebao (saqarTvelo 1920e:3). grigol robaqiZes, albaT, SeeZlo, sxva avtorTa

nawarmoebebidanac moexmo msgavsi susti adgilebi, magram, rogorc Cans, es

griSaSvilTan gamarTuli Zveli mwvave polemikis gamoZaxili da gaxseneba iyo.

zemoT aRvniSneT, rom stefan malarmesgan gansxvavebiT, grigol robaqiZe

riTmis srul uaryofas da mxolod ritmis SenarCunebas mizanSewonilad ar

miiCnevda. gavida dro da JurnlSi `bedi qarTlisa~ emigraciaSi myofma gr.

robaqiZem gamoaqveyna `saubari kardusTan~, sadac werda, qarTuli leqsikonidan

unda amoviRoT sityva `riTma~, romelic antikur Sairs ar hqondao. misi azriT,

`riTma~ rusulidan damkvidrda qarTulSi. Cvenma Crdiloelma mezoblebma, raki

Sesabamisi termini ar moeZebnebodaT, ritmisgan gansasxvaveblad ixmares `riTma~,

rac, avtoris sityviT, morfologiurad igive `ritmia~. rusulisgan nasesxebi

sityvis Canacvlebas gr. robaqiZe qarTuli `zmiT~ varaudobda: CvenSi sityvebis

erTmaneTTan Sexmianebas SairSi `mazmas~ uwodebden, Sekvecilad es `zma~ iqneba,

xolo gariTmulis nacvlad SegviZlia, `gazmuli~ gamoviyenoT (CemTvis... 1996d:67).

grigol robaqiZis es iniciativa qarTulma ar Seisisxlxorca da `zmasTan~

erTad `riTmac~ SeinarCuna.

saliteraturo enis zogierT aspeqts Seexo gr. robaqiZe werilSi `qarTulis

garSemo~, rac ara zogadi kvlevisTvis aramed sakuTari Targmanis

gasamarTleblad dasWirda.

qarTuli zmna piris formebs mkafiod gadmoscems, magram roca stili

moiTxovs, robaqiZe xSirad iyenebs piris nacvalsaxelebs. magaliTad, oskar

uaildis `salomeSi~ aRwerili avxorcobis, sigiJisa da sikvdilis gadmosacemad

mTargmnelma piris nacvalsaxelebi Warbad gamoiyena. grigol robaqiZem am xerxs

avtoriseuli ritmis SesanarCuneblad mimarTa.. im oponentTa sayuradRebod,

romlebmac nacvalsaxelTa simravle ar moiwones, mTargmnelma aseTi argumenti

moiSvelia: `qarTul mwerlobaSi fsalmuni daviTisa Sedevrad iTvleba.

aRmosavleT religiuri lirizmi qarTul TargmanSi umZafresi surnelebiT aris

gadmocemuli. da mere?! mTeli fsalmuni daviTisa pirovan nacvalsaxelebis

akcentuaciiT aris asuldgmulebuli~ (saqarTvelo 1920v:3). rac Seexeba

kontrargumentebs, rom Zveli mwerlobis ena me-20 saukuneSi naklebad misaRebia,

gr. robaqiZe ar iziarebda. jer erTi, `salome~ bibliis wiaRidan iSva, amdenad,

masSi bibliuri surneli unda igrZnobodes. meorec, avtoris mtkicebiT, Zveli da

axali qarTuli saliteraturo ena mkveTrad ar aris gayofili, enaTmecnierebs ar

daudgeniaT, romeli formaa savaldebulo, romeli _ uarsayofi. radgan qarTuli

94

enis normebi im droisTvis sabolood SemuSavebuli ar iyo, grigol robaqiZe

Zveli da axali formebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT nakleb kategoriulobas

moiTxovda – me Tu `vecxls~ vxmarob, es imas ar niSnavs, rom yvelam unda

gamoiyenos, magram arc imis uflebas aZlevs maruTa SuaSdinarels, rom am Zvel

forms dascinoso, – wers avtori werilis meore nawilSi (saqarTvelo 1920z:3).

dabolos, grigol robaqiZe kidev erTxel imeorebs, rom `salomes~ Targmnisas

sityvebis Zveli formebis gamoyeneba gamarTlebuli iyo `bibliis~ stilis

gadmosacemad.

enaTmecnieris rolTan erTad grigol robaqiZe bibliografisa da

recenzentis funqciebsac iTavsebda xolme. igi cdilobda, sazogadoebis

yuradReba miepyro im literaturuli Tu Teatraluri movlenebisadmi, romlebic

met-naklebad mniSvnelovnad miaCnda.

1918 wels quTaisSi gamoica poeturi almanaxi àisi~, rasac grigol robaqiZe

mokle mimoxilviT gamoexmaura. jer almanaxis saxelwodeba Seuqo axalgazrda

poetebs, Semdeg ki `cisferi yanwebis~ gavlena aRniSna. avtoris sityviT, CvenSi

gaorebis motivi valerian gafrindaSvilma Semoitana da Seqmna `mokveTili

saxelic~ – òreuli~. am motivs àisSi~ warmodgenili poetebi mravaljer

Seexmiannen.

poetis Sefaseba mxolod maSin SeiZleba, roca misi wigni gaqvs xelT, TiTo-

orola leqsiT bevrs verafers ityvi. amitomac ar ganixila vrclad almanaxi

grigol robaqiZem da Tvalis erTi gadavlebiT Semoifargla. l. maWavarians

lamazi sityvebi da saxeebi Seuqo, r. gvetaZes riTmis sisuste da siRaribe dauwuna

`yviTel striqonebSi~, k. nadiraZis `Cems landSi~ gafrindaSvilis gavlena igrZno,

magram `gamZafrebuli~ saxeebi ar daukarga, iseve rogorc g. cecxlaZes –

Taviseburi ritmi... (saqarTvelo 1918f:2).

àisSi~ ukve cnobili poetebis lirikac gamoqveynda. valerian

gafrindaSvilze, paolo iaSvilsa da tician tabiZeze, cxadia, cudi gadakruladac

araferi wamoscdenia, magram, megobari `cisferyanwelebisgan~ gansxvavebiT,

kvlavac gabasra ioseb griSaSvili.

ase, TiTo-orola StrixiT moxazuli mimoxilva gazeTisTvis metismetad

lakonuria, amitomac klasikur literaturul mimoxilvad ver CaiTvleba.

grigol robaqiZem Jurnal `xelovnebis~ erT-erT nomersac gadaavlo Tvali

da Tavisi STabeWdileba gauziara mkiTxvelebs gazeT `saqarTvelos~ rubrikiT

`bibliografia~. mimoxilvaSi mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia valerian

gafrindaSvilis talantis aRniSvna-dasabuTebas. JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli ori

leqsidan erTs, `fata morganas~ avtori gafrindaSvilis saukeTeso leqsebs ar

miiakuTvnebs, gansakuTrebulad sustad eCveneba bolo nawili, magram imasac

95

aRniSnavs, rom `sastiki sazomiT~ xelmZRvanelobs. is leqsi sxva poetis (ara

`yanwelis~), rom yofiliyo, grigol robaqiZe, albaT, moiwonebda, magram valerian

gafrindaSvils igi sxva moTxovnebs uyenebda maRali standartebis Sesabamisad,

misgan mets moeloda. is, rasac `cisferyanwelTa~ megobari da damxmare robaqiZe

iTxovda, gamoCnda leqsSi `kaligula aSordia da gafrindaSvili~. mimomxilvels

saqebari sityvebi ar dauSurebia poetisaTvis. igi gansakuTrebulad moxibla

Semdegma striqonebma:

`Cemi ocneba rogorc qvabi cecxlze hkidia –

masSi sizmrebTan ixarSeba sastiki zRarbi~ (saqarTvelo 1921a:4).

grigol robaqiZem ostatis gamocdili xeli dainaxa gafrindaSvilis

werilSic `Teatri titaniki~, romelic, misi sityviT, `sainteresoa rogorc

gadatana Teatris fenomenis oreulTa samTavroSi~ (saqarTvelo 1921b:4).

sxva avtorebs nakleb yuradRebas uTmobs grigol robaqiZe. Salva karmels

riTma ar asvenebs, zogjer awvalebs kideco, Salva afxaiZis leqsi metismetad

abstraqtuliao, i. Wyonias `sinaTle da niangi~, fantaziis mxriv, metad

primitiuliao da ase Semdeg, amgvari lapidarizmiT gamokveTs igi sust mxareebs,

romelTa gamosworebasac moelis avtorisgan.

aseve mokle, magram bevrismTqmelia grigol robaqiZiseuli xazmosmebi rusi

poetebis Semoqmedebis dasaxasiaTeblad. mimoxilva krebulisa `Cтихи о России~,

romelSic cxra avtoris leqsebia warmodgenili, ruseTis ucnaurobis aRniSvniT

daiwyo: `ruseTma ar icis dasavluri silogizmi. ruseTSi izrdebian, magram ver

mwifdebian.

ase ityoda ucnaurs ruseTze ucnauri petre Caadaevi.

ruseTi mTvralia raRac sasmeliT. dostoevskis gmirebi yvelani mTvralebi

arian~ (saqarTvelo 1920T:2).

am saerTo simTvralesTan erTad, grigol robaqiZis sityviT, ruseTSi aris

sisxli da sikvdli, amasTan, wameba, namdvili jvarcma. es aris is, rac xiblavda

ruseTsa da mis literaturaSi qarTvel filosofossa da literators.

aleqsandre blokis leqsebis ganxilvisas recenzents aseTi Sedareba mohyavs:

`Tqma ubralo da Zalovani, rogorc miwa~ (saqarTvelo 1920i:3).

grigol robaqiZe didad afasebda andrei belis Semoqmedebas, Tumca, aRniSna,

krebulSi poetis susti leqsi SeutaniaTo. es sayveduri krebulis Semdgenlebs

ufro ekuTvnis, vidre belis, radgan recenzentma kargad icoda, rom mas bevrad

ukeTesi leqsebi hqonda ruseTzec da ara mxolod...

rusi poetebisgan laTinuri rasisa da goTuri stilis siyvaruliT

gamoarCevs maqsimilian voloSins, amasTan, aRniSnavs, ruseTze fiqrisas es

96

yvelaferi aviwydeba da namdvil rusad, anu idumali mzeris mqone velurad

iqcevao. misi leqsi `wminda ruseTi~ grigol robaqiZes namdvil Sedevrad miaCnia.

`gaxeleba da cofi~ moswons recezents zinaida gipiusis leqsSi. gipiusi

misTvis qalTa Soris gamorCeuli poetia vaJuri gonebiTa da kacuri ironiiT.

aRviraxsniloba da veluroba xiblavs grigol robaqiZes sergei gorodeckis

`koncessiebSi~, rac Seexeba riurik ivnevs, misi leqsebi, ubralod, ar vargao, _

ambos. ase lakonuri da Seubralebelia recenzenti, roca leqsSi verc teqnikas

SeniSnavs da verc gznebas igrZnobs.

viaCeslav ivanovis `satanas~ grigol robaqiZe winaswarmetyvelurs uwodebs.

isic dastiris ruseTs, rogorc dimitri mereJkovski. maTi vaeba robaqiZisTvis

cxadi da gasagebi iyo. samagierod, eucxoveboda bolSevikuri ruseTi da poetebi.

1920 wlisTvis gr. robaqiZe, faqtobrivad, verc xedavda bolSevik SemoqmedT.

bolSevikuri ruseTis axali xelovnebis warmmarTvelad monumenturi

stili miiCneva, magram monumentalizmi jerjerobiT ar gamokveTilao, – wers

grigol robaqiZe. àmis mizezi cxadia. didi gardatexis procesSi TviTon

`texas~ gacilebiT meti adgili aqvs, vidre `qmnas~ (saqarTvelo 1920k:3).

revolucia rusma Semoqmedebma (dostoevskim, tiutCevma, viaCeslav ivanovma,

andrei belim da sxvebma) winaswar igrZnes. qartexilebis Semdegac kvlav

`Zvelebma~ ganagrZes saintereso moRvaweoba. iseTi axalgazrdebi, romelTa

Sesaxebac Rirda saubari, gr. robaqiZis azriT, 1920 wlisaTvis ruseTSi ar Candnen.

amitomac `Zvelebs~ mieZRvna `poetebi bolSeviziaSi~.

avtoris sityviT, andrei beli Tavis qveyanaSi mimdinare procesebs ufro

filosofiurad umzers, vidre politikurad. `misi stiqioni dawva da daferfvlaa,

misi temperamenti _ apokalipsuri epilepsia. ruseTi daiwvis da ruseTi daswvavs

mTels qveyanas. naperwkalSi axali sulieri rassa daibadeba: amas elis igi

nevrasteniuli daJinebiT~ (saqarTvelo 1920l:3). es mistika udevs safuZvlad

grigol robaqiZis daskvnas _ beli bolSeviki poeti ar aris. am `sapatio~ wodebas

igi arc aleqsandr bloks aniWebs. arc am saxelganTqmuli poetisTvis iyo

bolSevizmi is, rasac beladebi moiTxovdnen. misTvis `bolSevikuri texili

orsuli qalis Svilosnobaa~ (saqarTvelo 1920m:3).

marTalia, viaCeslav ivanovisTvis, rogorc dionisos qurumisTvis, calke

yofna, martviloba ar arsebobs da am mxriv igi bolSevizms uaxlovdebao, _ambobs

avtori, _ magram ar erwymis, radgan iq (bolSevizmSi) dionisiurobisTvis adgili

ar aris.

konstantine balmonti bolSevizmisken gadaixara da lenins leqsi uZRvnao, –

bevrjer gaagones gr. robaqiZes, magram ar daijera. leqsiT mimarTva SeuZlia,

magram bolSevizms arasdros miemxrobao, – amtkicebda. Tavisi mosazrebis

97

gasamyareblad man balmontis sityvebi gaixsena: `me mesmis aTi yumbara nikoloz

meoris winaaRmdeg, magram me aTasi yumbara mesmis Tqveni socialisturi yazarmis

winaaRmdeg~ (saqarTvelo 1920n:3), _ miumarTavs cnobil poets mavani eserisTvis.

grigol robaqiZe Rrmad darwmunebuli wers, rom individualisturobiTa da

esTetikurobiT gamorCeuli balmonti Zalze Wirveulia da iSviaTad Tu moewoneba

rame. am sityvebiT igi mkiTxvels agrZnobinebs, rom individualist da esTet poets

bolSevikur masebSi garevis survili ar gauCndeboda.

Semdeg grigol robaqiZe valeri briusovze saTqmels mokled moWris: – igi

yoveli politikuri wyobilebis dros kargad imuSavebso, – da maiakovskize

gadadis. avtoris sityviT, es is poetia, romelic yvelaze metad uaxlovdeba

bolSevikebs da romlis msgavsad `Tavisufali leqsi~ ruseTSi aravis

xelewifeba. amasTan, metaforebiT didad gamoirCeva sxvaTagan, grigol robaqiZe

verc masSi xedavs proletarul poets da askvnis, rom im droisTvis ruseTs didi

proletaruli da bolSevikuri poeti ar hyavs.

rogorc vxedavT, grigol robaqiZem gasabWoebuli qveynis yvela saintereso

poetis Semoqmedeba daaWaSnika, magram proletariatis suli ver igrZno. vfiqrobT,

amiT man kidev erTxel mimarTa prevenciul zomas – ruseTis gonierma Svilebma

bolSevizmSi sikeTe ver aRmoaCines, miT ufro uvargisi da vnebis momtani iqneboda

igi qarTvelebisTvis, Tu Cvens qveyanaSic gadmoinergeboda.

grigol robaqiZe zogjer Teatraluri warmodgenebis recenziebsac werda

aseTive lakonuri stiliT.

`maRali moxdenili figura, naTeli profili. daqnili xma, artistuli

temperamenti~ (saqarTvelo 1920o:4), – es kaCalovia, robaqiZis TvaliT danaxuli.

daumateT amas didi talanti, esTetikuri kultura da mixvdebiT, ratom igrZnoba

aseTi aRtaceba im patara publikaciebSi, romlebic kaCalovis saRamos mieZRvna.

avtoris TqmiT, im saRamos msgavsi àrtistuli gamarjveba~ Tbiliss iSviaTad

unaxavs.

grigol robaqiZe gansakuTrebiT imiT iyo dainteresebuli, Tu rogor

waikiTxavda leqsebs saRamos mTavari gmiri. saxelganTqmuli oratori Znelad Tu

iwonebda publikis winaSe gamosulTa xmis tembrs, manerebs, kargi

deklaraciisTvis saWiro sxva niSan-Tvisebebs, magram kaCalovs aseTi momTxovni

adamianis moxibvlac ki mouxerxebia. msaxiobs gauqarwylebia miRebuli

Tvalsazrisi imis Sesaxeb, TiTqos artistebi leqsebs ver kiTxuloben. mas

WeSmariti poetis msgavsad waukiTxavs leqsebi. auditorias ugrZnia, rom oratori

TiToeuli poetis fenomens wvdeboda. avtoris azriT, kaCalovis mxatvrul

kiTxvaze mTeli traqtatis dawera SeiZleboda, magram sagazeTo mimoxilvis

farglebs ar gascda da wertilic maleve dasva.

98

vrceli arc is publikaciaa, romliTac grigol robaqiZe Teatraluri

sezonis gaxsnas gamoexmaura. am dRes Teatris moyvarulebi gansakuTrebulad

elodebian xolme xelovnebis dResaswaulis naxvis imediT. im wels Turme

molodinma ar gaamarTla. jer iyo, darbazi sanaxevrod ver Sevsebula, amasTan,

dass, avtoris azriT, sezonis gaxsnisTvis sworad ver SeurCevia piesa. Salva

dadianis `guSindelni~ grigol robaqiZes piesad arc miaCnda _ dramatuli scenebi

ufroao, irwmuneboda. Tanac, imeruli scenebis aRmwer dramaturgs, romelsac

dakvirvebis niWiT hqonda da literaturuli tradiciebic, recenzentis sityviT,

Turme zomiereba ver daucavs da SarJs gadauZalavs. Salva dadianis es piesa

Tavisi groteskulobiT marTlac cnobilia, magram werilis avtors, ratomRac,

sityvac ar dascdenia piesis fsiqologiur mxareze. `guSindelni~ xalxis yofis

zogad suraTTan erTad personaJTa fsiqologiur portretebsac xatavs. es ar aris

mxolod sanaxaoba.

recenzenti dramaturgs `nedli masalis~ gamoyenebas sayvedurobs, anu, misi

azriT, cxovrebidan aRebuli saxeebi literaturulad ar aris damuSavebuli.

zogjer piesaSi es `sinedle~ imdenad moWarbebuli yofila, rom `saeWvo cirkSi~

gadauyvania mayurebeli.

miuxedavad recenziis simcirisa, avtori yovel Temas exeba, rac Teatralur

mimoxilvas moeTxoveba, iqneba igi msaxiobTa ostatoba, Tavad piesa Tu dekoracia.

msaxiobTa TamaSi ki moswonebia, magram dekoracia imereTis kordebisTvis

Seufereblad miuCnevia. amitomac recenziiT urCia mxatvar-dekorators, – daviT

kakabaZis suraTebs SexedeT da namdvil imereTs dainaxavTo (saqarTvelo 1920p:3).

kritikuli iyo grigol robaqiZis recenzia dramatuli studiis pirveli

gamosvlis Sesaxebac. zogadad, Teatrs drama hqmnis, erovnul Teatrs ki –

erovnuli drama. axal studias erovnulis nacvlad ucxourSi mousinjavs Zalebi,

rac recenzents ar moewona, miT ufro, rom axalbeda msaxiobebis ucxoel

personaJebad gardaqmna gaZnelebula, arabunebrivi gamxdara. amas garda, misTvis

esTetikurad miuRebeli aRmoCnda brios `sarwmuneoba~, romelSic egviptelTa

sicocxlis namdvili stili ver daunaxavs. mxolod nilosisa da lotosis xseneba,

cxadia, egviptes ver warmousaxavda auditorias. recenzenti reJisors sayvedurobs

agreTve imas, rom ver gaTvala, yalbi drama rogor dabrkolebas Seuqmnida.

grigol robaqiZes ar moswonda arc reJisoris da arc msaxiobTa ostatoba, amiT

xsnis imas, rom scena da darbazi wamiTac ver gaerTianebula. daskvna aseTia:

`xsenebuli warmodgena iyo mxolod `varjiSoba~, am `varjiSobisaTvis~ didi

energia daxarjula, _ energia kulturulad gamoyenebuli, – da saTvalavSi esec

misaRebia~ (saqarTvelo 1920J:3). dameTanxmebiT, es Tavze xelis gadasma, romelsac

99

axalgazrdebisTvis gulisgatexis acileba hqonda miznad, didi veraferi nugeSi

iqneboda dramatuli studiis wevrebisTvis.

grigol robaqiZis kritikis obieqtad kidev erTi qarTuli speqtakli iqca.

ruseTis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi myof saqarTveloSi erovnuli ideologiis

amaRlebasa da ganmtkicebas qarTuli scenac emsaxureboda. am mxriv mniSvnelovani

roli Seasrula erisTavis `samSoblom~. misi es Rvawli yuradRebis miRma ar

darCenia grigol robaqiZes, Tumca, mxatvruli Rirebulebebis TvalsazrisiT es

piesa ar akmayofilebda: namdvili drama ar aris, fabulis siyalbe da franguli

originalis sisuste cxadad Canso (saqarTvelo 1921g:3), – wers igi recenziaSi

rubrikiT `Teatri da musika~. roca `samSoblo~ qarTvelebSi patriotizmis

gasaRviveblad idgmeboda, mxatvruli mxare meorexarisxovani iyo, xolo 1921 wlis

dasawyisSi mas politikuri sarCuli mocilebuli hqonda da yuradReba swored

formaze maxvildeboda. aRmoCnda, rom aseTi, ùsarCulo~ `samSoblo~ mayurebelze

did STabeWdilebas ver axdenda. erTaderTi, rac grigol robaqiZes moewona,

dekoraciebi da masobrivi scenebi iyo. msaxiobTa ostatobam recenzenti ver

daakmayofila (Sahs àRmosavluri moduneba~ da tiranuli simkacre aklda Turme,

lioniZes – Tavaduri ieri, zogs Turme grimi ar uvargoda, zogsac – diqcia...).

Teatrze xSirad werda, magram grigol robaqiZis namdvili stiqia mainc

literatura iyo. mas Zalian uyvarda Semoqmedisa da Semoqmedebis siRrmeebSi

wvdoma, detalebSi Cxreka da mkiTxvelisTvis maTi wardgena. is xSirad acnobda

farTo auditorias evropaSi saxelmoxveWil, CvenSi ki naklebad cnobil

prozaikosebsa da poetebs.

`malarme da novalisi~, – am saTauriT gamoaqveyna werili gazeT

`saqarTveloSi~ da ori saxelganTqmuli Semoqmedis moRvaweoba warudgina

mkiTxvels. maT Soris paralelebi gaavlo, rac imJamindel

literaturaTmcodneobaSi pirveli cda iyo. novalisi malarmeze mTeli saukuniT

adre cxovrobda, Tumca, droSi daSorebas maTi TanaziarobisTvis xeli ar

SeuSlia.

grigol robaqiZe stefan malarmes yvelaze ufro ucnaur da gaugebar poets

uwodebda. `mwerali, romelic mounaxavs axals adgils zmnas winadadebaSi, ufro

dajerebuli unda iyos ukvdav didebaSi, vidre didebuli oratori, radgan aseTi

mwerali uTuod gadava sxva mwerlobis momaval qmnilebebSi” (saqarTvelo 1920r:3),

– es malarmes sityvebia, romlebSic Cans avtoris is Tviseba, robaqiZe

ùcnaurobas~ rom uwodebs. oRond es mxolod erTi SexedviT. malarmesTvis

yoveli sityva da misi adgili gamorCeulia. leqsikur erTeulebs ase yofs: `sityva

myofari: ai, poezia. sityva cxovari: ai, ritmi~ (saqarTvelo 1920s:3). sityvis

mniSvneloba imis mixedviT icvleba, Tu sad zis igi, ras uswrebs an ras misdevs.

100

poetis ostatobas stefan malarme swrafad sityvebis SeTanxmebis swrafad

SerCevisa da amiT mniSvnelobaTa ganusazRvrelobamde gazrdaSi xedavs. yvelaferi

iseTivea, rogorc musikaSi, oRond yovelive sityvier akordebs unda daeyrdnos.

avtori malarmes sxva hipoTezasac warudgens mkiTxvels _ sityva nivTis

“sulieri sxeuli” ki ar aris, aramed sinamdvilis niSani ufroa, qaragmuli

miniSneba. igi TiToeuli azris ìntimur ufskrulze~ sityvis Zvirfasi saxuravis

gaSlas moiTxovs.

stefan malarmes SemoqSedebaSi aris saidumlo da qaragmebi, aris esTetika

da Segnebuli somnambulizmi (mere ra, rom somnambulizmi Segnebas uaryofs).

grigol robaqiZis sityviT, malarmeseuli poeti mTvareuls hgavs, xolo misi

sityva Tvalaxveuli gadadis ufskrulebze.

novalisic ucnauri da gaugebari iyo malarmes msgavsad, igic “fragmentebiT

fiqrobda” da genialur aforizmebs isroda. grigol robaqiZe mkiTxvels acnobs

nawyvets misi `fragmentebidan~: `SesaZloa, dawero iseTi moTxroba, saca sruliad

ar iqneba Sinagani kavSiri, magram saca, rogorc sizmrebSi, iqneba kavSiri

romelime garegan saganTan~ (saqarTvelo 1920t:3). novalisi iseT namdvil poeziaze

wers, romelSic sityvebi yovelgvar azrs iqneba moklebuli, mxolod alegoriuli

sazrisi eqneba da mkiTxvelze musikis msgavsad arapirdapiri gziT moaxdens

STabeWdilebas. grigol robaqiZis daskvniT, am fragmentSi malarmes TiTqmis

mTeli poetikaa gacxadebuli. Tavad romc ar eTqva, Cveuli damajereblobisa da

swored SerCeuli magaliTebis wyalobiT mkiTxvels iolad miiyvanda am

daskvnamde.

grigol robaqiZes uyvarda SemoqmedTa Tanmxvedri azrebis moZieba. xSirad

miseuli paralelebi moulodneli iyo, zogjer imdenad uCveuloc ki, rom

gadaWriT mtkicebas TviTonac ver bedavda. ase, magaliTad, varaudis doneze

miawoda mkiTxvels Tavisi mosazreba rusTavelisa da malarmes erTi

Tvalsazrisis igiveobis Sesaxeb: `kvlav aqaca iamebis, vinca ismens kaci vargi~.

SesaZloa, am sityvebSi iyos Soreuli miwdomiT gamoTqmuli swored is, rac

stefan malarmes azrs Seadgens. saxeldobr – poeturi qmnileba mTavrdeba

mkiTxveliT. Tu mkiTxveli intuitiuri mimwvdomia, leqsi hgebulobs amiT. `kaci

vargi~ SesaZloa aseTi mkiTxveli iyos~ (saqarTvelo 1920u:3). es varaudi gr.

robaqiZem gamoTqva werilSi `rusTavelis msoflio mzera~, romelic or nawilad

gamoaqveyna gazeT `saqarTveloSi~.

grigol robaqiZe ritms gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebda, magram imasac

aRniSnavda, poezia mxolod ritmuli sityva ki ara, saganTa da movlenaTa

àTvisebac~ ariso. poetis mzera gardaqmnis yvelafers, sagnebs saxes ucvlis, sxva,

axali kuTxiT warmoaCens. uamisod WeSmariti poezia ar iqmneba. `vefxistyaosnis~

101

Tayvanismcemeli robaqiZe rusTavelSi swored im `Tavisebur msoflio mzeras~

xedavda, Zireulad rom cvlis sagnebsac da movlenebsac. werilis avtoris azriT,

poezia SoTa rusTavelsac `samyaros Tavisebur aTvisebad~ miaCnda da amitomac

uwoda Sairobas `sibrZnis dargi~. grigol robaqiZis mtkicebiT, es debuleba me-19

saukuneSi dasabuTda, ase rom, rusTavelma am mxrivac gausworo dros. xolo rac

Seexeba mis sityvebs mijnuri meleqsis Sesaxeb (èrTi uCndes samijnuri, erTsa

visme aSikobdes~), werilis avtoris azriT, italiuri renesansia

nawinaswarmetyvelevi. ase uyvarda dantes beatriCe...

`vefxistyaosanSi~ asaxul mijnurobas gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobda

grigol robaqiZe. `mijnuri Smagsa gviqvian...~ – am sityvebSi igi elinur `wminda

SeSlilobas~ xedavs, amitomac poetur gadaWarbebad ar eCveneba is epizodi, sadac

tarieli vefxvs Seipyrobs da kocna moundeba. grigol robaqiZis sityviT, amaze

Sors ver wava SeSliloba, siyvaruliT gamowveuli. yovelive es gansakuTrebul

xibls iZens imiT, rom rusTavelis rwmenas asaxavs.

grigol robaqiZes `vefxistyaosnis~ avtoris originalurobis gamosakveTad

Tundac is miaCnia sakmarisad, rom raindi tarieli siyvarulSi Zalze rbilia da

cremls Rvris. àrsad ise ar gamosaxula qarTveli vaJis rassiuli xasiaTi,

rogorc aq~ (saqarTvelo 1920f:3).

siyvaruli calobis, dacilebisa da sikvdilid Zlevaa, gr. robaqiZis sityviT.

am Zlevas xedavs igi nestan-darejanis werilSi, romelic mTeli poemis

damamSveneblad miaCnia. Tu siyvaruli samyaros gamarTlebaa, `vefxistyaosnis~

gansakuTrebuli xibli gasagebi gaxdeba. metic, raki poemaSi poetis rwmenaa

asaxuli, grigol robaqiZis azriT, am epikuri tilos dakargvis SemTxvevaSic ki

didi poetis saxeli darCeboda rusTvels.

`naTeli profili: mesxuri ritmiT gamarTuli, – neli, rogorc didi SuadRe

aRmosavalis, – gonieri friad: hellenTa codniT amaxvilebuli, – da Tan:

damwvari Tamaris Soreuli siyvaruliT, romelic TiTqos imisTvis ar sruldeba,

rom ar daiferflos RmerTobis cecxli. am xazebSi ukve mocemulia renesansis

surneli: madonas kulti... poeti jvars etrfis: albaT, jvarcmisaTvis~

(saqarTvelo 1920q:3), – grigol robaqiZis rwmeniT, aseT legendad damkvidrebac

sakmarisi iqneboda, rom SoTa rusTaveli did poetad gveRiareboda.

grigol robaqiZe qarTul mwerlobaze fiqrs ar ganSorebia arsad da

arasodes... 1920 wels ukve Camoyalibebulia mweralTa kavSiri, Tavisi adgili

daimkvidra poeziis axalma skolam, magram, zogadad, axali mwerloba jer kidev

ar aris Camoyalibebuli da mis ganviTarebas zrunva, xelSewyoba sWirdeba.

qarTul romanze dafiqrebuli grigol robaqiZe 1921 wels gazeT `saqarTveloSi~

aqveynebs werils, romelic amobrunebul piramidas hgavs – iwyeba imiT, rac

102

TiTqos bolos unda Tqmuliyo. saTauri – `qarTuli romani~ – gafiqrebinebs, rom

avtori swored qarTul sqeltanian prozaul nawarmoebebs ganixilavs da bolos

Tavis Sexedulebas daskvnis saxiT dawurulad SemogTavazebs. magram mudam

formaze mzrunveli grigol robaqiZe werils ayiravebs da daskvniT iwyebs: –

qarTuli romani ar arsebobs. mas Semdeg, rac ZiriTad saTqmels moWris, mizezebis

ZiebiT iwyebs Temis gaSlas.

namdvili romanis ararsebobas avtori erT sxeulad Camosxmuli qarTuli

tipis CamouyalibeblobiT xsnis. saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxis Svilebi jer

kidev ar gamTlianebulan, yvela TavisTvis cxovrobs. is, rom qarTveli, mesxi Tu

kolxi erTi qveynis moqalaqeebi arian, maTs fsiqologiur erTobas ar niSnavs.

ìmeri da ameri: es yofis kategoriebia ufro, vidre geografiuli dayofa.

fsiqologiuri sxvaoba aq umZafresia~ (saqarTvelo 1921d:2).

grigol robaqiZe Cveni qveynis istoriis bedukuRmarTobiT xsnis imas, rom

eTnikurma jgufebma erT yalibSi Camosasxmelad ver moicales. dacalkevebuli

saqarTvelo TiTqos ruseTma gaaerTiana, sinamdvileSi ki gaerTianebis tendencia

mospo. samefo provinciad iqca. iq, sadac `mTeli~ unda yofiliyo, `nawilebi~

darCneno, – wers grigol robaqiZe. (saqarTvelo 1921e:2).

raki qveyana ver gaerTianda, personaJebi calkeul kuTxeebs ver gascdnen.

avtoris daskvniT, amitomac ver Camoyalibda romanisTvis saWiro `sintetiuri

tipi~. verc dedaqalaqma SeZlo èsTetikuri msajuloba~. swored rom piriqiT

moxda – aq erTmaneTs Seeria da aWrelda aRmosavleTi da dasavleTi, airia

sparsuli da somxuri xazi, ris Sedegadac erTian qarTul yalibSi Camosxmuli

tipis nacvlad yaraCoReli miviReT, Tumca, grigol robaqiZes imedi ar

gadauwuravs. 1921 wlis dasawyisia. saqarTvelo ruseTis imperiidan

gaTavisuflebulia. marTalia, 25 Tebervali moaxloebulia, magram

qarTvelebisTvis ianvris pirvel ricxvebSi Zneli warmosadgeni iyo, ase xanmokle

Tu iqneboda damoukidebloba da ase male Tu daadgamdnen kvlavac uRels,

amjerad – wiTela batonebis fers. amitomac irwmuneba avtori, saqarTvelos

adgenis Semdeg axali xana daiwyo, yvela kuTxem gaiRviZa, sataxto qalaqic

dRiTidRe iRebs qarTul saxeso. es is procesia, romlis drosac saerTo qarTuli

tipi unda `Camoisxas~. amis Semdeg ki namdvili romanis dabadebas win araferi

daudgeba. grigol robaqiZes sjeroda, rom es dro moaxloebuli iyo, magram mis

prognozSi umniSvnelovanesi koreqtivi Seitana saqarTvelos gasabWoebam. im

saerTo qarTuli tipis Camoyalibeba, romelic damoukidebelic iqneboda da

viwrokuTxurobisgan Tavisufalic, gadaido...

polemika sonetis Sesaxeb, did Tu axalbeda SemoqmedTa poeziisa da prozis

mimoxilva an enis ritmi Zieba literaturaTmcodnebis sakiTxebia da

103

publicistikasTan saerTo TiTqos bevri araferi aqvs (Sesabamisad, TiTqos arc

unda Sesuliyo Cvens sakvalifikacio naSromSi, radgan mas

literaturatmcodneobis sakiTxebis kvlevis pretenzia, bunebrivia, ver eqneba),

magram grigol robaqiZe arc aq Ralatobs Tavisi moRvaweobis magistralur xazs

– erovnulobis win wamowevas. swored amis gamo mimovixileT es werilebi. igi

mudmivad cdilobs, Tanamemamuleebs saqarTvelos gamorCeulobis SegrZneba ar

daukargos, patriotizmi gauRvivos. Tu am suliskveTebas ver grZnobs, arc leqsi

moswons, arc – drama, radgan icis, qarTvelTa erovnul Segnebas yoveldRiurad

sWirdeba gamtkiceba. saqarTvelo xom imdenxans Sedioda imperiis SemadgenlobaSi,

rom adgili SesaZlebeli iyo, `sizarmace~ moreoda da damoukideblad fiqrsa Tu

moqmedebas kvlavac did mezobelTan `megobroba~ (rac sinamdvileSi ymoba iyo)

erCia. amitom grigol robaqiZe mkiTxvelis patriotuli grZnobebze zemoqmedebas

cdilobda. es iyo rogorc misi publicistikis, aseve literaturuli Tu

Teatraluri mimoxilvebis ganmsazRvreli motivi. `poetebi bolSeviziaSi~

organulad ukavSirdeba im werilebs, romlebic 1917-1918 wlebSi gamoaqveyna

grigol robaqiZem. aqac ikveTeba avtoris damokidebuleba bolSevizmTan, oRond

protestis formad ara pirdapiri, aramed iribi gzaa arCeuli – ruseTis

saukeTeso Svilebma es ideologia ar miiRes, ramdenimewlianma gamocdilebam maT

bolSevizmSi qveynisTvis sasikeTo veraferi daanaxa. cxadia, mkiTxvels ar

gauWirdeboda daeskvna is, rasac avtori gulisxmobda – es ideologia arc

saqarTvelos gamoadgeba.

grigol robaqiZe Janrisa da Sinaarsis miuxedavad mudam inarCunebda Tavis

xelweras, Tavs aridebda mSral, informaciul stils da saTqmels mxatvrul

yalibSi asxamda, raTa amiT misi emociuri zemoqmedebis Zala gaeZlierebina. is, Tu

rogor aRwers virjinia vulfi eses, zedgamoWrilia robaqiZis saleqcio Tu

literaturul moRvaweobaze: `... eses yvelaze naklebad esaWiroeba grZeli

sityvebi. misi warmmarTveli principi mxolod is aris, rom siamovneba moganiWos...

pirvelive sityvidan unda movixibloT da mxolod bolo sityvaze unda

gamoviRviZoT, gamovfxizldeT. SuaSi ki uamravi ramiT unda SeviqcioT Tavi _

gaocebiT, dainteresebiT, aRSfoTebiT~ (vulfi 1988:143). robaqiZis gamorCeuli

stilis Sesaxeb marsel brionis werda, rom Txroba TviTon isxams sxeuls da

cocxal arsebad gadaiqceva (mesxi 1996:109).

Znelia wera grigol robaqiZeze (miT ufro, mecnieruli eniT). igi sisxliT

unda igrZno. TviTonac mudam undoda, misi Semoqmedeba ki ar ganexilaT mxolod,

aramed egrZnoT. misi leqciebic xom gancdis leqciebad moinaTla. uyvarda cecxli

– Tavadac iwvoda da sxvebsac wvavda. gana cecxli gamoiTqmis?! misi gamoTqma

mxolod `grZnobiT~, mxolod `gancdiT~ SeiZlebao, _ miswera erTxel sofio

104

tatiSvils (avaliani 2005:88). aqve unda aRvniSno _ wlebis winaT, roca samagistro

naSromSi davwere, robaqiZe sisxliT sagrZnobi mweralia-meTqi, ar mqonda

wakiTxuli misi erT-erTi werili, sadac ambobs: ìsini, vinca ara `tviniT~, aramed

`sisxliT~ aRiqmeven `qarTul arsebas~, isini Cems SemoqmedebaSi ganicdian TavianT

gulisfeTqvas, TavianT majiscemas~ (CemTvis... 1996:88). bunebrivia, sasiamovno iyo am

sityvebis wakiTxva. vfiqrobT, es amarTlebs Cveni sakvalifikacio NnaSromis

eseistur elfers.

grigol robaqiZe Tanagancdas iTxovda. aseT SemTxvevaSi, advilad

sagrZnobia is tragedia, romelic, albaT, didma patriotma da bolSevizmis

moZulem saqarTvelos gasabWoebisas ganicada.

1931 wlidan grigol robaqiZe emigrantia. misi saxeli jer mTel germaniasa

da evropas moedeba, Semdeg ki gawiraven hitlerisa da musolinis Sesaxeb

gamoqveynebuli narkvevebis gamo.

meuRlis gardacvalebidan gava ramdenime weli da 82 wlis grigol

robaqiZe mesamed gadawyvets daqorwinebas. fizikurad kvlavac mxned gamoiyureba.

es Tavadac icis, siberes ver egueba. megobars, armin zigrists, sakuTar

fotosuraTs aCuqebs warweriT – `SeiZleba, am kacs `moxuci~ daarqva?!~ (baqraZe

1999:29).

robaqiZe daqorwinebas ver SeZlebs. sicocxlis dasasrulamde

ramdenime gaTeneba darCa.

1980 wlis 28 oqtombers svirSi dawyebulma sicocxlem 82 weli

miiTvala (sviri ZvelqarTulad `mcvels~ niSnavs. TviTonac mudam

graalis mcvelad miaCnda Tavi). am xnis ganmavlobaSi xan – cidan

movlenilad, xanac xalxis mtrad naTlavdnen. Tavad robaqiZe

sakuTari Semoqmedebis ZalaSi Rrmad iyo darwmunebuli: `surT dRes

Cemi sityvis wakiTxva an mosmena – Zalian kargi. ar undaT – piradad

me arafers vkargav, radgan saukuneebs velaparakebi~ (baqraZe 1999v:29).

saqarTvelodan mowyvetils anderZad darCa natvra: `roca me amsoflad aRar

viqnebi, modiodes vinme qarTveli deda yovel wels mcxeTas, mwifobis, Cemi

dabadebis TveSi. sanTels aanTebs am pawa salocavis win da locviT axsenebdes

Cems saxels. mets aras vTxov saqarTvelos~ (CemTvis... 1996e:53).

grigol robaqiZis neSti levilis qarTvelTa sasaflaoze ganisvenebs.

`graalis mcveli~ 1962 wlis 19 noembers JenevaSi gardaicvala.

martosuli Tavisave binaSi aRmoaCines gardacvalebidan meore dRes.

105

daskvna

amrigad, grigol robaqiZe qarTul presaSi 1907 wels gamoCnda. 1907-1921

wlebSi gamoqveynebuli literaturul-publicisturi werilebi sagulisxmo

daskvnebisken ubiZgebs mkvlevars. gr. robaqiZis publicisturi naazrevi xSirad

iCrdileba misive literaturuli wiaRsvlebiT. Cveni naSromi misi publicisturi

Ziebebis win wamowevis cdaa.

filosofosi, literatori, oratori da publicisti grigol robaqiZe mTeli

Tavisi moRvaweobiT qveynis msaxurebis magaliTs iZleoda. amitomac SevecdebiT,

SevajamoT xelovnebis qurumad wodebuli novatoris literaturuli Tu

publicisturi moRvaweobis ZiriTadi aspeqtebi:

XX saukunis 10-iani wlebis presis Seswavla naTelyofs, rom gr. robaqiZis

mier saganmanaTleblo mizniT wakiTxuli sajaro leqciebi axali sityva iyo

imJamindel qarTul sinamdvileSi. swored amitom dainteresda ase Zalian

imdroindeli presa grigol robaqiZiT, maSin roca sxvaTa leqciebis Sesaxeb

mxolod TiTo-orola informaciuli SeniSvna Tu daibeWdeboda. am leqciebiT

oratori dasavlur filosofiur-literaturul Sexedulebebs acnobda

TanamedroveT. saqarTveloSi arsebobda sajaro leqciebis wakiTxvis tradicia

(al. cagarelis, i. TarxniSvilis, ak. wereTlis, iv. javaxiSvilisa da sxvaTa mier

wakiTxuli leqciebi), rac salonur atmosferos ar gascdenia, grigol robaqiZem

ki farTo sazogadoebis daintereseba SeZlo. amasTan, leqciebis presaSi

gamoqveynebiT maTi mniSvneloba da zemoqmedebis farglebi gaafarTova. es

damsaxureba kargad SeniSnes qarTuli moazrovne intelegenciis saukeTeso

warmomadgenlebma. erT-erTi leqciis mimoxilvisas arCil jorjaZem is uaxloesi

warsuli gaixsena, rodesac qarTul sazogadoebaSi sityvis arsi dakninebuli iyo

da rusi mwerlis, pisarevis zegavleniT, kargad Sekerili waRa ufro

mniSvnelovnad miaCndaT, vidre Seqspiris cnobili dramebi. gavida cota dro da

igive sazogadoeba ìmdenad momwifda, rom mzad aris, sami da oTxi saaTis

ganmavlobaSi usminos poeziis Sesaxeb sja-baass, usminos ara ise, rogorc

Segirdebi usmenen maswavleblis gakveTils, aramed Segnebulad, CafiqrebiT,

undoblobisa da TanagrZnobis gamoaSkaravebis unariT~ (droeba 1909h:1).

sazogadoebis amgvar momwifebaSi umniSvnelovanesi wvlili swored grigol

robaqiZes miuZRvis. amdenad, gasagebi xdeba, ratom aqveynebda presa dawvrilebiT

mis yovel leqcias da saleqcio sakiTxebTan dakavSirebul polemikas.

106

advili warmosadgenia, rogori rTuli iqneboda ùmwifar~ sazogadoebasTan

oskar uaildis Semoqmedebaze, dekadansze, platonsa da laibnicze, ibsensa da

nicSes filosofiaze saubari. tician tabiZis mogonebiT, orators èrTi frazac

ar Seucvlia, erTi mxatvruli saxec ar miutania msxverplad imisTvis, rom ufro

gasagebi yofiliyo, rac imaSi uTuod xazs usvamda did mxatvars~ (tabiZe 1916:30).

grigol robaqiZisTvis leqciis Sinaarsze aranakleb mniSvnelovani iyo forma,

amitomac ar Ralatobda Tavis mxatvrul stils. vfiqobT, swored amiT Seuwyo man

xeli sazogadoebis momwifebas, rasac arCil jorjaZem gausva xazi _ auditoria

aamaRla, gasagebi gaxada misTvis elinTa msoflmxedvelobac da zeadamianis ideac.

yovelive es publicisturi SemarTebiT xdeboda, publicisturi paTosiTa da

mxatvruli saxeebiT azrovnebiT miiRweoda.

grigol robaqiZe sajaro leqciebis Temad ara mxolod ucxoeli

filosofosebisa Tu mwerlebis naazrevsa da Semoqmedebas irCevda, aramed

gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevda qarTul literaturas. igi rusTavelis

Tayvanismcemeli gaxldaT da mTeli arsebiT cdilobda, sazogadoebisTvis gaecno

`vefxityaosnis~ is Rirsebebi, romlebsac Tavad xedavda. gr. robaqiZis azriT,

literaturul kritikas saTanadod, Rirseulad ar hqonda Sefasebuli rusTavelis

epikuri tilos auracxeli sibrZne da simdidre. amitom leqciebiTa Tu sagazeTo

publikaciebiT cdilobda, Seevso es nakli. igi SeewinaaRmdega niko maris Teorias,

romlis Tanaxmadac, `vefxistyaosani~ sparsuli sagmiro moTxrobis qarTul,

galeqsil aslad iyo gamocxadebuli. grigol robaqiZe amtkicebda, rom

literaturuli nawarmoebis SinaarsisTvis xalxuri arakis aReba imas ar niSnavs,

TiTqos es nawarmoebi originaluri ar iyos, xolo misi avtori – geniosi; rom

xelovanis SemoqmedebiTi energia cvlis aRebul araks da imis usafuZvlod

daJinebas, TiTqos `vefxistyaosani~ sparsulidan iyos naTargmni, sjobs

rusTavelis azrebs CavuRrmavdeT, azrebs im Semoqmedis, vinc Cven gvaqarTvelao.

aseve aRniSvnis Rirsia isic, rom grigol robaqiZe iyo pirveli, vinc vaJa-

fSavela geniosad aRiara. marTalia, farTo sazogadoeba maSin ar daeTanxma mas _

Sefaseba gadaWarbebuliao, magram drom gr. robaqiZis winaswarxedva daadastura.

uyvarda robaqiZes saqarTvelo, qarTveli da qarTuli ena. cocxlobda

mwerlobiT. sityvis upativcemulobas aravis apatiebda. raki icodnen, rom igi

koreqturul Secdomas sabediswerod miiCnevda, megobrebi, gamomcemlebi Tu

asoTamwyobni gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT ekidebodnen sityvis gamafetiSebeli

ostatis nawarmoebTa beWdvas. erTxel sandro cirekiZes ànTologiis~ TiToeul

egzemplarSi sakuTari xeliT Causworebia gr. robaqiZis leqsSi gaparuli

Secdoma, xolo TviT grigol robaqiZes paolo iaSvilis leqsSi àrtur rembo~,

romelic aTasze met egzemplarad dabeWdil gazeT `barikadSi~ gamoqveynda,

107

koreqturis gasworeba ar dazarebia (gageli 1921:15). rogor unda giyvardes sityva,

rom aseTi Sroma ar airido.

grigol robaqiZisTvis qarTul enaze warmoTqmuli yoveli sityva locva iyo,

sityvaSi mzes xedavda da warmarTiviT Tayvans scemda mas. qarTuli sakralur

enad da sagalobelad miaCnda, amitom gansakuTrebuli mokrZalebiT epyroboda,

uRrmavdeboda da ikvlevda mis simdidres.

eris siyvaruliT iyo damuxtuli grigol robaqiZis publicistika, romliTac

igi bolSevizmis realuri saxis gamokveTasa da anarqiisgan qarTvelebis

gadarCenas cdilobda. mudmivad gamokveTilad aRniSnavda mosalodnel qaossa da

monobas, cdilobda, TanamemamuleebisTvis TvalsaCino gaexada is, rasac xedavda

bolSevizmSi da aecilebina mosalodneli ubedureba. gmobda maqrsizms, aRniSnavda

am Teoriis naklovanebebsa da mis mimdevarTa araTanmimdevrulobas, xSirad ki ––

sisastikes. ruseTSi mimdinare movlenebis analiziT, iq gamefebuli anarqiis

aRweriT gr. robaqiZe afrTxilebda Tanamemamuleebs da naTlad warmousaxavda,

rogori iqneboda saqarTvelos momavali bolSevizmisken gadaxris SemTxvevaSi.

grigol robaqiZe SesaSuri politologi iyo, faqtebis Rrma

analiziT mudam swor daskvnebs akeTebda. mas SeeZlo winaswar

gaeWvrita, Tu rogor ganviTardeboda movlenebi. ase magaliTad, gr.

robaqiZem bolSevizmis gamarjveba ivarauda, magram isic aRniSna, rom

anarqiiT mosulebi, sabolood, ueWvelad daiRupebodnen. publicisti

zust prognozebs awvdida sazogadoebas, magram, bunebrivia, misi

sityva bolSevizmis stiqiur Zalas ver SeaCerebda. Acxadia, amis

iluzia arc qarTul presas eqneboda, magram mainc cdilobda

saTanadod gamoeyenebina publicistis naazrevi, misi daxmarebiT

ecada sazogadoebrivi azris formireba. im sabediswero 1917-1918

wlebSi gazeTi “saqarTvelo” ramdenime gamorCeul avtorTan erTad

grigol robaqiZis publicistikasac eyrdnoboda, radgan mizani

saerTo hqondaT _ erovnuli Segnebis gamofxizleba-amaRleba,

Tavisufleba, mosalodneli monobis Tavidan acileba. swored amitom

ar daukargavs presas interesi robaqiZisadmi, romelic qarTveli

eris, saxelmwifoebriobis, moqalaqeobrivobis ganviTarebis kuTxiT

mudam Tanamoazred eguleboda.

108

grigol robaqiZe mTeli arsebiT cdilobda erovnuli energiis gamoRviZebas

da bolSevizmisadmi siZulvilis danergvas. misi publicistikisTvis Tvalis erTi

gadavlebac kmara, rom davaskvnaT, – saqarTveloSi rom darCeniliyo, robaqiZes

represireba ar acdeboda rogorc `klasobriv mters~. amitomac sicocxlis

bolomde emigrantoba arCia.

gr. robaqiZis didi oratoruli niWi publicistikaSic gamJRavnda. yovelTvis

zustad agnebda saTqmelis formas da gaTvlida swor, damajerebel svlebs.

faqtebi, argumentebi, paralelebi, sagulisxmo daskvnebi mis publicistikaSi isea

Sesxeulebuli, rom erTmaneTisgan ver ganacalkeveb. rac mTavaria, araTu mxolod

sityvebSi, striqonebs Sorisac igrZnoba mgznebare, mZafri, gamorCeuli siyvaruli

sakuTari erisa da mamulis mimarT.

kvlevis dros gamoikveTa, rom grigol robaqiZis publicisturi

memkvidreobis Janrebis mixedviT dayofa Zalze rTulia, radgan igi ar cnobda

mkacr Janrul CarCoebs, cnebebiT azrovnebas mxatvruli saxeebiT azrovnebas

uTavsebda. amdenad, misi calkeuli werilebi Cven pirobiTad davyaviT Janrebis

mixedviT. magaliTad, misi is publikaciebi, romlebsac Cven Teatraluri

recenziebi vuwodeT, klasikuri recenziis nimuSebi ar aris, magram raki win mainc

am JanrisTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi iwevda, saWirod CavTvaleT, gangvexila

rogorc recenziebi. aqve unda aRiniSnos isic, rom problemur statiebsa Tu sxva

publikaciebSi grigol robaqiZe, ZiriTadad, argumentTa iseT Tanmimdevrobas

arCevs, rom mkiTxveli Tavad midis daskvnamde. magram calkeul SemTxvevebSi igi

gadabrunebuli piramidis msgavs meTods mimarTavs (miuxedavad imisa, rom es

meTodi mxolod informaciuli SeniSvnisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli, Cven mainc

TvalsaCinoebisTvis ase vuwodebT robaqiZis maneras) _ werils mTavari saTqmeliT,

daskvniT iwyebs, konkretulidan zogadisken midis. SegveZlo gveTqva, rom es

pirdapiri lidis saxesxvaobaa, Tumca, pirdapiri lidic, ZiriTadad, informaciul

JanrebTan gamoiyeneba.

grigol robaqiZe XX saukunis qarTuli literaturis ganviTarebis mesaWea,

risTvisac igi xSirad iTavsebda enaTmecnieris, literaturaTmcodnis, kritikosisa

da publicistis movaleobebs. ikvlevda

qarTul maxvils, ritmsa da riTmas, metaforasa da sityvis mxatvrul

zemoqmedebas... qebas ar moaklebda qarTuli miTis Semqmnelsa da siaxlis mTqmel

Semoqmeds, Tumca, mkacri Sefasebac icoda. amasTan, msgavsi Secdomisgan Tavis

daRwevis gzis mimTiTebelic gaxldaT. unda aRiniSnos, rom qarTuli maxvilisa Tu

ritmis gansakuTrebulobis kvlevac imave mizans emsaxureboda, rasac misi

publicistika. UamiTac cdilobda daemtkicebina, rom saqarTvelo TavisTavadi,

gamorCeuli qveyanaa, romelmac Tavisuflebis gzidan ar unda gadauxvios;

109

romelsac enobrivadac evropasTan (gansakuTrebiT, saberZneTTan) gacilebiT meti

aqvs saerTo, vidre ruseTTan.

grigol robaqiZe qurumiviT dastrialebda Tavs axal qarTul literaturas,

romelic maSin iwyebda Camoyalibebas. emzadeboda axlo momavalSi Sesaqmneli

axali saxelmwifosTvis, romelsac literaturac evropuli tendeciebis

matarebeli, magram TavisTavadi unda hqonoda. 1912 wels man axalgazrda

SemoqmedTa nawarmoebebis ganxilva da zogadi tendenciis gamokveTa ganizraxa.

presaSi araferia naTqvami imis Sesaxeb, daasrula Tu ara es saqme, magram

survilis gamoTqma, mowadineba, literaturul nawarmobTa Segroveba iZleva

safuZvels davaskvnaT, rom gr. robaqiZe me-20 saukunis literaturaTmcodneobis

safuZvlis Cayras cdilobda, axali qarTuli literaturis aqcentebis gamokveTas

eswrafvoda.

kritika sasiamovno rom aravisTvis aris, cxadia, magram isic faqtia, rom

gonierTaTvis sasargebloa. Tumca, yvela ase rodi fiqrobda,

TavianTi sisustis dasafaravad zogierTi gr. robaqiZes cils swamda, – piradi

mtroba amoZravebso. arada, mis kritikul werilebSi emociasa da mikerZoebulobas

iSviaTad igrZnobT, yoveli SeniSvna argumentirebuli da dasabuTebulia. gr.

robaqiZes kritika ilias msgavsad esmoda – `kritika~ aris ganxilvac, ganCxrekac,

garkvevac, garCevac da dafasebac erTad~ (WavWavaZe 1991:38). swored ase Cxrekda da

afasebda grigol robaqiZe gansaxilvel nawarmoebebs. igi did pativs scemda

presas da arasdros gauxdia pirad interesebze sakinklao moednad. MrobaqiZes

erTaderTi interesi amoZravebda – axalgazrda poetebsa Tu prozaikosebs

gamoesworebinaT TavianTi Secdomebi da Camoyalibebuliyo mwerloba, romelic

dros gauZlebda. grigol robaqiZem jer kidev 1912 wels miuTiTa mwerlebs, rom

`nakadulis Cxriali~ da `niavis CurCuli~, `mzis sxivebi~ da `badri mTvare~ is

Sablonuri masalaa, romliTac namdvili literatura ar iqmneba (Temi 1912a:2).

cnobilia, rom mweralTa kavSiris erT-erTi damfuZnebeli gr. robaqiZe iyo.

am saqmes masTan erTad meTaurobdnen kote mayaSvili, Salva dadiani, geronti

qiqoZe, tician tabiZe, daviT kopali, levan (leli) jafariZe... maT Seadgines

kavSiris wesdeba, Caatares mweralTa yriloba, romelmac sruliad saqarTvelos

mweralTa kavSiri Seqmnilad gamoacxada. es iyo 1919-1920 wlebi. Tumca, gr.

robaqiZe mweralTa `sacnob-sarCevi organos~ Camoyalibebaze adrec fiqrobda. 1912

wels igi werda, rom amgvari organos dafuZneba aucilebelia `dRenakluli

leqsebis~ Tavidan asacileblad da qarTuli mwerlobis asaRorZineblad (Temi

1912b:2).

grigol robaqiZis kidev erTi damsxureba saqarTveloSi modernizmis

winamZRvrobaa. `simbolizmi CvenSi Semoitana gr. robaqiZem. b. robaqiZeze ar

110

gamarTlda saerTo debuleba, rom yovel novators win eRobeba gaugebrobis

galavani. imas arafrad dajdomia Zvel RirebulebaTa gadafasebis kadniereba,

axal ZiebaTa feierverkebis gasrola... gr. robaqiZes uTxres Tavisi dasturi

arCil jorjaZem da kita abaSiZem. am ori pirovnebiT iwureba qarTuli

esTetikuri kultura gr. robaqiZemdi~ (tabiZe 1916:29-30), – askvnis tician tabiZe,

romelsac pirvel simbolistad swored grigol robaqiZe miaCnia. saqarTveloSi

simbolizmis Semotana rom aucilebeli iyo, amaSi eWvi ar SehparviaT

`cisferyanwelebs~, radgan, ticianis sityviT, `qarTvel xalxs uyvars niRabi,

ximbolizmi swored filosofiaa am niRabis~ (tabiZe 1916:32).

simbolos grigol robaqiZe gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebda rogorc

prozasa da poeziaSi, aseve publicistur sityvaSi. JurnalSi `bedi qarTlisa~ igi

aRniSnavda, visac simbolo da miTosi ar esmis, Cems Semoqmedebas ver gaigebso

(CemTvis... 1996:81). is iyo mwerali romelic ùnatifesi impulsebiT grZnobda

filosofiur-religiur da miTosur Sreebs da SeeZlo poeturi meditaciebis gziT

mxatvrul-poetur Rirebulebebad eqcia isini~ (jinjixaZe 2004:3).

simbolizmis megzurobiT gr. robaqiZem qarTuli mwerlobis ganaxlebas

Seuwyo xeli. cxadia, rom simbolistTa gareSe XX saukunis qarTuli literatura

Zalze Raribi iqneboda. marTalia, mogvianebiT is sakuTar Tavs ubralod

simbolistTa megobars uwodebda, magram sinamdvileSi is winamZRoli iyo, bunebiT

lideri. amiran gomarTelis TqmiT, is ara mxolod erudiciiT, azrovnebiT,

gamorCeuli stiliT imorCilebda axalgazrdobas da axdenda gavlenas

saliteraturo procesze, aramed, cxovrebis wesiTac. is iyo moazrovnisa da

esTetis nimuSi (gomarTeli 1997:157). gasuli saukunis 30-ian wlebSi masze

evropelebi ambobdnen: `robaqiZe Tavisi xalxis erT-erTi WeSmariti winamZRolia

da erTaderTi namdvili xsnaa xalxisTvis. igi WeSmaritad saxalxo poetia,

rogorc esqile, sofokle da homerosia saberZneTisTvis~. (mesxi 1996:108).

grigol robaqiZem gamoacocxla maSindeli qarTveloba axali ideebis

ganfeniT, Seaxeda ioqanaanis moWril Tavs, moasmenina `nicSes mwvalebeli sityva~

(tabiZe 1916:30). publicisturi paTosiT literaturul ZiebebSi momavlis

moazrovnis aRzrda daisaxa miznad. manve `daanaxa qarTul sazogadoebas

gadagvarebis gzaze Semdgars qarTulis simSveniere, simZlavre, daanaxva da

gaitaca... mas ver dauviwyebs qarTveloba am did namoRvawars~ (kldiaSvili

1932:321).

dabolos, Semajamebeli fraza gazeT `Temidan~: robaqiZes `xvda

bednieri wili – qarTuli auditoriis Seqmna~ (Temi 1911J:3). dameTanxmebiT, amiT

yvelaferia naTqvami grigol robaqiZis sazogadoebriv-publicisturi Rvawlis

Sesaxeb. ukeTes Sefasebaze vercerTi oratori ver iocnebebs. es mokle fraza

111

cxads xdis, rogor afasebda mas qarTuli presa; rogor Wirdeboda gr. robaqiZe

qarTul sazogadoebas da, maT Soris, medias, romelic saxelganTqmuli oratorisa

da publicistis naazrevs sakuTar auditoriaze zemoqmedebisaTvis iyenebda.

bibliografia

1. avaliani 2005: avaliani l., „giJi drois“ qarTuli mwerloba,

Tbilisi, gamomcemloba „TeTri giorgi“, 2005.

2. arvelaZe 1990: arvelaZe b., grigol robaqiZis erTi polemikis

Sesaxeb, alm. saunje, #3-4, 1990.

3. barbaqaZe 1988: barbaqaZe T., qarTuli leqsmcodneobis sakiTxebi

periodul presaSi, Tbilisi, 1988.

4. baqraZe 1999: baqraZe a., kardu anu grigol robaqiZis cxovreba

da Rvawli, Tbilisi: gamomcemloba lomisi, 1999.

5. benaSvili 2005: benaSvili g., grigol robaqiZe _ erovnuli

fesvebis maZiebeli fausti, J.kriteriumi, rusTavelis saxelobis

qarTuli literaturis institutis Jurnali, #2, 2005.

6. gageli 1921: gageli v., poetebi stambaSi, J.meocnebe niamorebi, #6,

1921.

7. gawerelia 2001: gawerelia ak., „gr. robaqiZe (ramdenime mogoneba),

gaz. literaturuli saqarTvelo, @#2, 2001. gv. 5.

8. gelovani 1998: gelovani a., miTologiuri leqsikoni, Tbilisi,

gamomcemloba „sabWoTa saqarTvelo“, 1998.

9. gomarTeli 1997: gomarTeli a., qarTuli simbolosturi proza,

Tbilisi, Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, 1997.

10. dauSvili 2005: dauSvili r., grigol robaqiZe da andrei beli,

alm.literatura da sxva, 2005.

112

11. vaSakiZe 2006: vaSakiZe r., saqarTvelos damoukideblobis idea

1917-1918 wlebis literaturul-publicistur werilebSi, Tbilisi:

SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis qarTuli literaturis instituti,

2006.

12. vulfi 1988: vulfi v., eseebi, Tbilisi, gamomcemloba nakaduli,

1988.

13. TeTr... 2003: TeTr siamayes aqandakeb Seni didebiT, Tbilisi, 2003.

14. kldiaSvili 1932b: kldiaSvili d., memuarebi, Tbilisi, 1932.

15. literaturuli saqarTvelo 1987: „tkivili fesvebis”, gaz.

literaturuli saqarTvelo, #37, 1987, gv.6.

16. literaturuli saqarTvelo 2001: „klasikosi”, gaz.

literaturuli saqarTvelo, #1, 2001, gv.3.

17. manveliSvili 1990: manveliSvili al., narkvevebi da werilebi, san

francisko, 1990.

18. maRlaferiZe 2005: maRlaferiZe T., maradi awmyo, Tbilisi:

gamomcemloba, 2005.

19. mesxi 1996: mesxi T., didi xanZris mewamuli anarekli, Tbilisi,

gamomcemloba „mecniereba“, 1996.

20. mefariSvili 2005: mefariSvili T., grigol robaqiZis eseistika,

Tbilisi, Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, 2005.

21. presaSi. Tbilisi, Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, 1999.

22. nadareiSvili 2002: nadareiSvili m., publicisturi ostatobis

alfa da omega (lidi da daboloeba), Tbilisi, Tbilisis

universitetis gamomcemloba, 2002.

23. narkvevebi qarTuli literaturis istoriidan, tomi I, Tbilisi:

gamomcemloba, 2000.

24. nikolaiSvili 1994: nikolaiSvili a., XX saukunis qarTuli

literaturis istoriis narkvevebi. t. I, quTaisi, gamomcemloba

„mowameTa“, 1994.

113

25. nikolaiSvili 2000: nikolaiSvili a., XX saukunis qarTuli

literaturis istoriis narkvevebi. t. III, Tbilisi, gamomcemloba

„merani“, 2000.

26. popovi 2009: popovi a., „zizRisa da siZulvilis“ 200 weli,

(eleqtronuli gazeTi аргументы и факты, 2009, განთავსებულია 4

ოქტომბრიდან, 2009); მის.: http://www.aif.ru/politic/article/28446.

27. robaqiZe 1910: robaqiZe gr., Taris xma, J, faskunji, #1, 1910.

28. robaqiZe 1918: robaqiZe gr., Tamar, gaz, saqarTvelo, #90, 1918.

29. robaqiZe 1991: robaqiZe gr., saqarTvelos xerxemali, gaz. wignis

samyaro, #1. gv 1.

30. robaqiZe 2003: robaqiZe gr., dramebi, werilebi Teatris Sesaxeb,

Tbilisi, gamomcemloba „poligrafisti“, 2003.

31. saqarTvelos literaturaturaTmcodneobis akademiis Sromebi, t.

I, Tbilisi, 1997.

32. saqarTvelos respublika 2003: “zarebi ocdaaTiani wlebidan”,

gaz. saqarTvelos respublika, #349, 2003, gv. 4.

33. sigua 2002: sigua s., qarTuli modernizmi, Tbilisi, gamomcemloba

„didostati“, 2002.

34. tabiZe 1916: tabiZe t., cisferi yanwebiT, J. cisferi yanwebi, #1,

1916.

35. CemTvis... 1996: CemTvis simarTle yvelaferia, Tbilisi, 1996.

36. cxadaZe 1998: cxadaZe e., „londa“ _ kolxuri misteria, Jurn.

ciskari, #2, 1998.

37. WavWavaZe 1991: WavWavaZe i., Txz. sr, krb. T.5, Tbilisi:

gamomcemloba mecniereba, 1991.

38. jaliaSvili 1994: jaliaSvili m., Taobidan Taobamde, Tbilisi,

gamomcemloba „lomisi“, 1994.

114

39. jamburia 1998: grigol robaqiZis winaswarmetyveleba, wigni

„qarTuli mwerloba“, #2, 1990.

40. jafariZe 2004: jafariZe l., mogonebebi, Canawerebi, Tbilisi, 2004.

41. jinjixaZe 2004: jinjixaZe l., grigol robaqiZis engadi, Tbilisi,

gamomcemloba „inteleqti“, 2004.

periodika:

1. droeba 1908a: gaz. droeba, #1, 1908, gv.1.

2. droeba 1908b: “akakis iubilei”, gaz. droeba, #7, 1908, gv.2.

3. droeba 1908g: “akakis iubilei”, gaz. droeba, #12, 1908, gv.1.

4. droeba 1908d: “dRevandeli leqciis Sesaxeb”, gaz. droeba, #14,

1908, gv.3.

5. droeba 1908e: “dRevandeli leqciis Sesaxeb”, gaz. droeba, #14,

1908, gv.3-4.

6. droeba 1908v: “dRevandeli leqciis Sesaxeb”, gaz. droeba, #14,

1908, gv.4.

7. droeba 1908z: gaz. droeba, #15, 1908, gv.2.

8. droeba 1908T: gaz. droeba, #16, 1908, gv.2.

9. droeba 1908i: “presa akakis iubileze”, gaz. droeba, #18, 1908, gv.4.

10. droeba 1908k: “presa akakis iubileze”, gaz. droeba, #18, 1908, gv.4.

11. droeba 1908l: gaz. droeba, #21, 1908, gv.2.

12. droeba 1908m: gaz. droeba, #25, 1908, gv.2.

13. droeba 1908n: “dRevandeli leqciis Sesaxeb”, gaz. droeba, #14,

1908, gv.3.

14. droeba 1909a: gaz. droeba, #1, 1909, gv.1.

15. droeba 1909b: gaz. droeba, #223, 1909, gv.3.

16. droeba 1909g: “grigol robaqiZis leqcia”, gaz. droeba, #227,

1909, gv.4.

115

17. droeba 1909d: “grigol robaqiZis leqcia”, gaz. droeba, #227,

1909, gv.4.

18. droeba 1909e: “grigol robaqiZis leqcia”, gaz. droeba, #227, 1909,

gv.4.

19. droeba 1909v: gaz. droeba, #236, 1909, gv3.

20. droeba 1909z: “poeziis samflobeloSi”, gaz. droeba, #239, 1909,

gv.1.

21. droeba 1909T: “poeziis samflobeloSi”, gaz. droeba, #239, 1909,

gv.1.

22. droeba 1909i: “poeziis samflobeloSi”, gaz. droeba, #239, 1909,

gv.2.

23. droeba 1909k: “poeziis samflobeloSi”, gaz. droeba, #239, 1909,

gv.2.

24. droeba 1909l: “mcire ganmarteba”, gaz. droeba, #240, 1909, gv.2.

25. droeba 1909m: “mcire ganmarteba”, gaz. droeba, #240, 1909, gv.2.

26. droeba 1909n: “mcire ganmartebis” ganmarteba”, gaz. droeba, #247,

1909, gv.2.

27. droeba 1909o: “baraTaSvilis liris motivebi”, gaz. droeba, #252,

1909, gv.3.

28. droeba 1909p: “mcire ganmartebis” ganmarteba”, gaz. droeba, #247,

1909, gv.2.

29. droeba 1909J: “baraTaSvilis liris motivebi”, gaz. droeba, #252,

1909, gv.4.

30. droeba 1909r: “baraTaSvilis liris motivebi”, gaz. droeba, #252,

1909, gv.4.

31. droeba 1909s: “baraTaSvilis liris motivebi”, gaz. droeba, #252,

1909, gv.4.

32. droeba 1909t: “Semoqmedi da garemo”, gaz. droeba, #257, 1909, gv.2.

33. droeba 1909u: “Semoqmedi da garemo”, gaz. droeba, #257, 1909, gv.2.

34. droeba 1909f: “Semoqmedi da garemo”, gaz. droeba, #257, 1909, gv.2.

116

35. droeba 1909q: “Semoqmedi da garemo”, gaz. droeba, #257, 1909, gv.2.

36. droeba 1909R: “Semoqmedi da garemo”, gaz. droeba, #257, 1909, gv.2.

37. droeba 1909y: “Semoqmedi da garemo”, gaz. droeba, #257, 1909, gv.3.

38. droeba 1909S: “Semoqmedi da garemo”, gaz. droeba, #257, 1909, gv.3.

39. droeba 1909C: “Semoqmedi da garemo”, gaz. droeba, #257, 1909, gv.3.

40. droeba 1909c: “grigol robaqiZis leqciebze”, gaz. droeba, #242,

1909, gv.3.

41. droeba 1909Z: “kidev erTi ganmarteba”, gaz. droeba, #246, 1909, gv.3.

42. droeba 1909w: “grigol robaqiZis leqciebze”, gaz. droeba, #242,

1909, gv.3.

43. droeba 1909W: “grigol robaqiZis leqciebze”, gaz. droeba, #243,

1909, gv.3.

44. droeba 1909x: “leqcia grigol robaqiZesi”, gaz. droeba, #236,

1909, gv.3.

45. droeba 1909j: “baraTaSvilis lris motivebi”, gaz. droeba, #252,

1909, gv.3.

46. droeba 1909h: “”, gaz. droeba, #257, 1909, gv.3.

47. droeba 1910a: “grigol robaqiZis leqcia”, gaz. droeba, #66, 1910,

gv.4.

48. droeba 1910b: gaz. droeba, #67, 1910, gv.3.

49. droeba 1910g: gaz. droeba, #66, 1910, gv.1.

50. droeba 1910d: gaz. droeba, #70, 1910, gv.4.

51. droeba 1910e: “sasacilo ambavi”, gaz. droeba, #72, 1910, gv.2.

52. droeba 1910v: “sasacilo ambavi”, gaz. droeba, #72, 1910, gv.2.

53. droeba 1910z: “sasacilo ambavi”, gaz. droeba, #72, 1910, gv.2.

54. droeba 1910T: “oskar uaildi”, gaz. droeba, #72, 1910, gv.2.

55. droeba 1910i: “oskar uaildi”, gaz. droeba, #72, 1910, gv.2.

56. droeba 1910k: “navTsayudelis ZebnaSi”, gaz. droeba, #74, 1910, gv.2.

57. droeba 1910l: gaz. droeba, #72, 1910, gv.4.

58. droeba 1910m: gaz. droeba, #98, 1910, gv.1.

117

59. droeba 1910n: gaz. droeba, #67, 1910, gv.3.

60. droeba 1910o: gaz. droeba, #77, 1910, gv.4.

61. Temi 1911a: gaz. Temi, #1, 1911, gv.1.

62. Temi 1911b: “grigol robaqiZe da misi leqciebi”, gaz. Temi, #28,

1911, gv.3.

63. Temi 1911g: “grigol robaqiZis leqcia”, gaz. Temi, #19, 1911, gv.2.

64. Temi 1911d: “grigol robaqiZis leqcia”, gaz. Temi, #19, 1911, gv.2.

65. Temi 1911e: “grigol robaqiZis leqcia”, gaz. Temi, #19, 1911, gv.2.

66. Temi 1911v: “grigol robaqiZis leqcia”, gaz. Temi, #19, 1911, gv.2.

67. Temi 1911z: “grigol robaqiZis leqcia”, gaz. Temi, #19, 1911, gv.2.

68. Temi 1911T: “naduRi”, gaz. Temi, #22, 1911, gv.2.

69. Temi 1911i: “naduRi”, gaz. Temi, #22, 1911, gv.2.

70. Temi 1911k: “gr. robaqiZis leqcia”, gaz. Temi, #20, 1911, gv.2.

71. Temi 1911l: “gr. robaqiZe da misi leqciebi”, gaz. Temi, #28, 1911,

gv.3.

72. Temi 1911m: “gr. robaqiZe da misi leqciebi”, gaz. Temi, #28, 1911,

gv.3.

73. Temi 1911n: “gr. robaqiZe da misi leqciebi”, gaz. Temi, #28, 1911,

gv.3.

74. Temi 1911o: “gr. robaqiZe da misi leqciebi”, gaz. Temi, #28, 1911,

gv.3.

75. Temi 1911p: gaz. Temi, #28, 1911, gv.3.

76. Temi 1911J: “gr. robaqiZe da misi leqciebi”, gaz. Temi, #28, 1911,

gv.3.

77. Temi 1912a: “qarTvel mweralTa sayuradRebod”, gaz. Temi, #69, 1912,

gv.2.

78. Temi 1912b: “qarTvel mweralTa sayuradRebod”, gaz. Temi, #69, 1912,

gv.2.

79. Temi 1913a: “Maia”, gaz. Temi, #119, 1913, gv.3.

80. Temi 1913b: “Maia”, gaz. Temi, #119, 1913, gv.3.

118

81. Temi 1914: gaz. Temi, #156, 1914, gv.3.

82. Temi 1915a: “akakis qnari”, gaz. Temi, #205, 1915, gv.1.

83. Temi 1915b: “akakis qnari”, gaz. Temi, #205, 1915, gv.2.

84. Temi 1915g: “akakis qnari”, gaz. Temi, #205, 1915, gv.2.

85. Temi 1915d: “akakis qnari”, gaz. Temi, #205, 1915, gv.2.

86. Temi 1915e: “akakis qnari”, gaz. Temi, #205, 1915, gv.2.

87. isari 1907a: “gr. robaqiZis leqcia”, gaz. isari, #257, 1907, gv. 3-4.

88. isari 1907b: “gr. robaqiZis leqcia”, gaz. isari, #272, 1907, gv. 3.

89. isari 1907g: “gr. robaqiZis leqcia”, gaz. isari, #257, 1907, gv. 3-4.

90. isari 1907d: “gr. robaqiZis leqcia”, gaz. isari, #247, 1907, gv. 2.

91. isari 1907e: “gr. robaqiZis leqcia”, gaz. isari, #247, 1907, gv. 2.

92. isari 1907v: “leqciis gadadeba”, gaz. isari, #254, 1907, gv. 3.

93. isari 1907z: “gr. robaqiZis leqcia”, gaz. isari, #257, 1907, gv. 3-4.

94. isari 1907T: “gr. robaqiZis saxalxo leqcia”, gaz. isari, #272,

1907, gv.3.

95. isari 1907i: “gr. robaqiZis leqcia”, gaz. isari, #266, 1907, gv.3.

96. isari 1907k: “gr. robaqiZis leqcia”, gaz. isari, #270, 1907, gv.3.

97. kolxida 1911a: gaz. kolxida, #1, 1911, gv.1.

98. kolxida 1911b: “literaturuli saRamo”, gaz. kolxida, #143,

1911, gv.3.

99. kolxida 1911g: “literaturuli saRamo”, gaz. kolxida, #144,

1911, gv.4.

100. kolxida 1911d: “literaturuli saRamo”, gaz. kolxida, #144,

1911, gv.4.

101. kolxida 1911e: “literaturuli saRamo”, gaz. kolxida, #144, 1911,

gv.4.

102. kolxida 1911v: “mcire ganmarteba”, gaz. kolxida, #145, 1911, gv.3.

103. kolxida 1911z: “mcire ganmarteba”, gaz. kolxida, #145, 1911, gv.3.

104. kolxida 1911T: gaz. kolxida, #23, 1911, gv.3.

105. kolxida 1911i: gaz. kolxida, #58, 1911, gv.2.

119

106. kolxida 1911k: gaz. kolxida, #59, 1911, gv.2.

107. kolxida 1911l: gaz. kolxida, #67, 1911, gv.2.

108. kolxida 1911m: gaz. kolxida, #82, 1911, gv.2.

109. kolxida 1911n: gaz. kolxida, #69, 1911, gv.3.

110. kolxida 1911o: “mereJovskidan”, gaz. kolxida, #138, 1911, gv.3.

111. kolxida 1911p: “mereJovskidan”, gaz. kolxida, #138, 1911, gv.3.

112. kolxida 1911J: “arCil jorjaZis TxzulebaTa gamo”, gaz.

kolxida, #138, 1911, gv.2.

113. kolxida 1912a: gaz. kolxida, #89, 1912, gv.2.

114. kolxida 1912b: gaz. kolxida, #103, 1912, gv.2.

115. kolxida 1912g: gaz. kolxida, #108, 1912, gv.2.

116. kolxida 1912d: “mokle SeniSvna”, gaz. kolxida, #71, 1912, gv.2.

117. kolxida 1912e: gaz. kolxida, #71, 1912, gv.2.

118. kolxida 1912v: gaz. kolxida, #71, 1912, gv.2.

119. kolxida 1912z: gaz. kolxida, #71, 1912, gv.2.

120. kolxida 1912T: “sapasuxo baraTi”, gaz. kolxida, #72, 1912, gv.2.

121. kolxida 1912i: gaz. kolxida, #71, 1912, gv.2.

122. kolxida 1912k: “sapasuxo SeniSvna”, gaz. kolxida, #71, 1912, gv.2-

3.

123. kolxida 1912l: “sapasuxo SeniSvna”, gaz. kolxida, #71, 1912,

gv.2-3.

124. kolxida 1912m: “Semoqmedeba da sinamdvile”, gaz. kolxida, #73,

1912, gv.3.

125. kolxida 1912n: “Semoqmedeba da sinamdvile”, gaz. kolxida, #73,

1912, gv.3.

126. kolxida 1912o: “Semoqmedeba da sinamdvile”, gaz. kolxida, #73,

1912, gv.3.

127. kolxida 1912p: “Semoqmedeba da sinamdvile”, gaz. kolxida, #73,

1912, gv.3.

128. kolxida 1912J: gaz. kolxida, #72, 1912, gv.2-3.

120

129. kolxida 1912r: gaz. kolxida, #82, 1912, gv.2.

130. kolxida 1912s: gaz. kolxida, #93, 1912, gv.2.

131. kolxida 1912t: gaz. kolxida, #143, 1912, gv.2.

132. kolxida 1912u: gaz. kolxida, #144, 1912, gv.2.

133. kolxida 1912f: gaz. kolxida, #151, 1912, gv.2.

134. kolxida 1912q: “grigol robaqiZis leqcia”, gaz. kolxida, #78,

1912, gv.2.

135. kolxida 1912R: “grigol robaqiZis leqcia”, gaz. kolxida, #78,

1912, gv.2.

136. kolxida 1912y: “grigol robaqiZis leqcia”, gaz. kolxida, #78,

1912, gv.3.

137. kolxida 1912S: “grigol robaqiZis leqcia”, gaz. kolxida, #78,

1912, gv.3.

138. kolxida 1912C: “Cemi azri grigol robaqiZis leqciis Sesaxeb”,

gaz. kolxida, #94, 1912, gv.3.

139. kolxida 1912c: “sabralo recenzenti”, gaz. kolxida, #89, 1912,

gv.2.

140. kolxida 1912Z: “sabralo recenzenti”, gaz. kolxida, #89, 1912,

gv.3.

141. kolxida 1912w: “vin-xanianis pasuxis gamo”, gaz. kolxida, #112,

1912, gv.2.

142. kolxida 1912W: “sabralo recenzenti”, gaz. kolxida, #89, 1912,

gv.3.

143. kolxida 1912x: “vin-xanianis pasuxis gamo”, gaz. kolxida, #112,

1912, gv.2.

144. kolxida 1912j: gaz. kolxida, #120, 1912, gv.2.

145. kolxida 1912h1: gaz. kolxida, #147, 1912, gv.2.

146. kolxida 1912h2: “axal mweralTa mimarT”, gaz. kolxida, #30,

1912, gv.3.

121

147. kolxida 1912h3: “axal mweralTa mimarT”, gaz. kolxida, #68,

1912, gv.3.

148. saqarTvelo 1915a: “rabindranat taboridan”, gaz.

saqarTvelo,@#3, 1915, gv.3.

149. saqarTvelo 1915b: “rabindranat taboridan”, gaz.


150. saqarTvelo 1915g: “rabindranat taboridan”, gaz.


151. saqarTvelo 1915d: “rabindranat taboridan”, gaz.


152. saqarTvelo 1915e: “rabindranat taboridan”, gaz.


153. saqarTvelo 1915v: “rabindranat taboridan”, gaz.


154. saqarTvelo 1917a: “dionisos kulti da saqarTvelo”, gaz.

saqarTvelo, @#241, 1917, gv.2.

155. saqarTvelo 1917b: “dionisos kulti da saqarTvelo”, gaz.


156. saqarTvelo 1917g: “dionisos kulti da saqarTvelo”, gaz.


157. saqarTvelo 1917d: “dionisos kulti da saqarTvelo”, gaz.


158. saqarTvelo 1917e: “dionisos kulti da saqarTvelo”, gaz.


159. saqarTvelo 1917v: “dionisos kulti da saqarTvelo”, gaz.


160. saqarTvelo 1917z: “dionisos kulti da saqarTvelo”, gaz.


161. saqarTvelo 1917T: “dionisos kulti da saqarTvelo”, gaz.


122

162. saqarTvelo 1917i: “dionisos kulti da saqarTvelo”, gaz.


163. saqarTvelo 1917k: “kita abaSiZe”, gaz. saqarTvelo,@#278, 1917,

gv.2.

164. saqarTvelo 1917l: “irakli wereTeli”, gaz. saqarTvelo,@#222,

1917, gv.2.

165. saqarTvelo 1917m: “moqandake nikolaZe”, gaz. saqarTvelo,@#245,

1917, gv.2.

166. saqarTvelo 1917n: “grigol orbeliani”, gaz. saqarTvelo,@#277,

1917, gv.2.

167. saqarTvelo 1917o: “aleqsandre WavWavaZe”, gaz.


168. saqarTvelo 1917p: “besiki”, gaz. saqarTvelo,@#263, 1917, gv.2.

169. saqarTvelo 1917J: “hellenebi da qarTvelebi”, gaz.


170. saqarTvelo 1917r: “mizani arsebobisa”, gaz. saqarTvelo,@#51,

1917, gv.1.

171. saqarTvelo 1917s: “ruseTis tragedia”, gaz. saqarTvelo,@#234,

1917, gv.2.

172. saqarTvelo 1917t: “ruseTis tragedia”, gaz. saqarTvelo,@#234,

1917, gv.2.

173. saqarTvelo 1917u: “ruseTis ajanyeba”, gaz. saqarTvelo,@#237,

1917, gv.2.

174. saqarTvelo 1917f: “fantasmebis qalaqi”, gaz. saqarTvelo,@#239,

1917, gv.4.

175. saqarTvelo 1917q: “socialisturi imperialistebi”, gaz.


176. saqarTvelo 1917R: “socialisturi imperialistebi”, gaz.


123

177. saqarTvelo 1917y: “socialisturi imperialistebi”, gaz.


178. saqarTvelo 1917S: “socialisturi imperialistebi”, gaz.


179. saqarTvelo 1917C: “qarTuli renesansi”, gaz. saqarTvelo,@#257,

1917, gv.2.

180. saqarTvelo 1917c: “istoriuli wamebi”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #260,

1917, gv.2.

181. saqarTvelo 1917Z: “patronebi da moqalaqeni”, gaz.


182. saqarTvelo 1917w: “guria da socializmi”, gaz.


183. saqarTvelo 1917W: “fantasmebis qalaqi”, gaz. saqarTvelo,@#239,

1917, gv.4.

184. saqarTvelo 1917x: “qarTvel mwerlebs”, gaz. saqarTvelo,@#228,

1917, gv.2.

185. saqarTvelo 1917j: “qarTvel mwerlebs”, gaz. saqarTvelo,@#228,

1917, gv.3.

186. saqarTvelo 1918a: “giorgi SarvaSiZe”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #45,

1918, gv.2.

187. saqarTvelo 1918b: “socialistebis saxelmwifoebrivi uZlureba”,

gaz. saqarTvelo, #24, 1918, gv.2.

188. saqarTvelo 1918g: “socialistebis saxelmwifoebrivi uZlureba”,

gaz. saqarTvelo, #24, 1918, gv.2.

189. saqarTvelo 1918d: “socialistebis saxelmwifoebrivi

uZlureba”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #24, 1918, gv.2.

190. saqarTvelo 1918e: “anarqiis stiqioni”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #13,

1918, gv.2.

191. saqarTvelo 1918v: “anarqiis stiqioni”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #13,

1918, gv.2.

124

192. saqarTvelo 1918z: “programa _ minimumi da maqsimumi”, gaz.

saqarTvelo, #16, 1918, gv.2.

193. saqarTvelo 1918T: “klassiuri da erovnuli”, gaz. saqarTvelo,

#18, 1918, gv.1.

194. saqarTvelo 1918i: “agraruli anarqia”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #29,

1918, gv.2.

195. saqarTvelo 1918k: “damafiqrebeli”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #70, 1918,

gv.2.

196. saqarTvelo 1918l: “damafiqrebeli”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #70, 1918,

gv.2.

197. saqarTvelo 1918m: “rainduli saqarTvelo”, gaz. saqarTvelo,

#52, 1918, gv.2.

198. saqarTvelo 1918n: “pasuxi griSaSvils”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #211,

1918, gv.3.

199. saqarTvelo 1918o: “soneti saqarTveloSi”, gaz. saqarTvelo,

#214, 1918, gv.3.

200. saqarTvelo 1918p: “sonetis garSemo”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #221,

1918, gv.3.

201. saqarTvelo 1918J: gaz. saqarTvelo, #225, 1918, gv.3.

202. saqarTvelo 1918r: “sonetis garSemo”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #221,

1918, gv.3.

203. saqarTvelo 1918s: “qarTuli leqsi”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #5, 1918,

gv.2.

204. saqarTvelo 1918t: “qarTuli leqsi”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #5, 1918,

gv.2.

205. saqarTvelo 1918u: “qarTuli leqsi”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #5, 1918,

gv.2.

206. saqarTvelo 1918f: “aisi”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #55, 1918, gv.2.

207. saqarTvelo 1920a: “sizmrebis axsna”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #116, 1920,

gv. 4.

125

208. saqarTvelo 1920b: “pasuxad”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #102, 1920, gv. 3.

209. saqarTvelo 1920g: “pasuxad”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #102, 1920, gv. 3.

210. saqarTvelo 1920d: “qarTuli ritmiuli”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #82,

1920, gv.2.

211. saqarTvelo 1920e: “qarTuli ritmiuli”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #82,

1920, gv.2.

212. saqarTvelo 1920v: “qarTulis garSemo”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #123,

1920, gv.3.

213. saqarTvelo 1920z: “qarTulis garSemo”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #128,

1920, gv.3.

214. saqarTvelo 1920T: “bibliografia”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #55, 1920,

gv.2.

215. saqarTvelo 1920i: “bibliografia”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #93, 1920,

gv.3.

216. saqarTvelo 1920k: “poetebi bolSeviziaSi”, gaz. saqarTvelo,

#86, 1920, gv.3.

217. saqarTvelo 1920l: “poetebi bolSeviziaSi”, gaz. saqarTvelo,

#86, 1920, gv.3.

218. saqarTvelo 1920m: “poetebi bolSeviziaSi”, gaz. saqarTvelo,

#86, 1920, gv.3.

219. saqarTvelo 1920n: “poetebi bolSeviziaSi”, gaz. saqarTvelo,

#86, 1920, gv.3.

220. saqarTvelo 1920o: “kaCalovis saRamo”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #106,

1920, gv.4.

221. saqarTvelo 1920p: “sezonis gaxsna”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #124, 1920,

gv.3.

222. saqarTvelo 1920J: “dramatuli studia”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #226,

1920, gv.3.

223. saqarTvelo 1920r: “malarme da novalisi”, gaz. saqarTvelo,

#106, 1920, gv.3.

126

224. saqarTvelo 1920s: “malarme da novalisi”, gaz. saqarTvelo,

#106, 1920, gv.3.

225. saqarTvelo 1920t: “malarme da novalisi”, gaz. saqarTvelo,

#106, 1920, gv.3.

226. saqarTvelo 1920u: “rusTavelis msoflio mzera”, gaz.


227. saqarTvelo 1920f: “rusTavelis msoflio mzera”, gaz.


228. saqarTvelo 1920q: “rusTavelis msoflio mzera”, gaz.


229. saqarTvelo 1921a: “xelovneba #3”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #19, 1921,

gv.4.

230. saqarTvelo 1921b: “xelovneba #3”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #19, 1921,

gv.4.

231. saqarTvelo 1921g: “samSoblo”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #25, 1921, gv.3.

232. saqarTvelo 1921d: “qarTuli romani”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #9, 1921,

gv.2.

233. saqarTvelo 1921e: “qarTuli romani”, gaz. saqarTvelo, #9, 1921,

gv.2.

234. saxalxo gazeTi 1910a: gaz. saxalxo gazeTi, #2, 1910, gv.2.

235. saxalxo gazeTi 1910b: “literaturuli saRamo”, gaz. saxalxo

gazeTi, #3, 1910, gv.3.

236. saxalxo gazeTi 1910g: “literaturuli saRamo”, gaz. saxalxo

gazeTi, #3, 1910, gv.3.

237. saxalxo gazeTi 1913a: gaz. saxalxo gazeTi, #849, 1910, gv.2.

238. saxalxo gazeTi 1913b: “foTlebi”, gaz. saxalxo gazeTi, #1016,

1910, gv.3.

239. saxalxo gazeTi 1913g: “foTlebi”, gaz. saxalxo gazeTi, #1016,

1910, gv.3.

127

240. saxalxo gazeTi 1913d: “foTlebi”, gaz. saxalxo gazeTi, #1016,

1910, gv.3.

241. saxalxo gazeTi 1913e: “foTlebi”, gaz. saxalxo gazeTi, #1022,

1910, gv.3.

242. saxalxo gazeTi 1913v: “foTlebi”, gaz. saxalxo gazeTi, #1022,

1910, gv.3.

243. saxalxo gazeTi 1913z: “foTlebi”, gaz. saxalxo gazeTi, #1028,

1910, gv.3.

244. saxalxo gazeTi 1913T: “foTlebi”, gaz. saxalxo gazeTi, #1028,

1910, gv.3.

245. saxalxo gazeTi 1913i: “foTlebi”, gaz. saxalxo gazeTi, #1028,

1910, gv.3.

246. saxalxo gazeTi 1913k: “foTlebi”, gaz. saxalxo gazeTi, #1055,

1910, gv.3.

247. saxalxo gazeTi 1913l: “foTlebi”, gaz. saxalxo gazeTi, #1055,

1910, gv.3.

248. saxalxo gazeTi 1913m: “foTlebi”, gaz. saxalxo gazeTi, #1056,

1910, gv.2.

249. saxalxo gazeTi 1913n: “foTlebi”, gaz. saxalxo gazeTi, #1056,

1910, gv.2.

250. saxalxo gazeTi 1914a: “foTlebi”, gaz. saxalxo gazeTi, #1094,

1910, gv.3.

251. saxalxo gazeTi 1914b: “foTlebi”, gaz. saxalxo gazeTi, #1094,

1910, gv.3.

252. saxalxo gazeTi 1914g: “foTlebi”, gaz. saxalxo gazeTi, #1094,

1910, gv.3.

253. saxalxo gazeTi 1914d: “foTlebi”, gaz. saxalxo gazeTi, #1094,

1910, gv.3.

254. saxalxo gazeTi 1914e: “foTlebi”, gaz. saxalxo gazeTi, #1100,

1910, gv.3.

128

255. saxalxo gazeTi 1914v: “foTlebi”, gaz. saxalxo gazeTi, #1100,

1910, gv.3.

256. saxalxo gazeTi 1914z: “foTlebi”, gaz. saxalxo gazeTi, #1100,

1910, gv.3.

257. saxalxo gazeTi 1914T: “foTlebi”, gaz. saxalxo gazeTi, #1100,

1910, gv.3.

258. saxalxo gazeTi 1914i: “foTlebi”, gaz. saxalxo gazeTi, #1100,

1910, gv.3.

259. saxalxo saqme 1918a: “robaqiZesaTvis”, gaz. saxalxo saqme, #379,

1918, gv.3.

260. saxalxo saqme 1918b: “robaqiZesaTvis”, gaz. saxalxo saqme, #379,

1918, gv.3.

261. saxalxo saqme 1918g: “soneti saqarTveloSi”, gaz. saxalxo saqme,

#385, 1918, gv.2.

262. saxalxo saqme 1918d: “soneti saqarTveloSi”, gaz. saxalxo saqme,

#385, 1918, gv.3.

263. saxalxo saqme 1920a: “robaqiZiada”, gaz. saxalxo saqme, #926,

1920, gv.2-3.

264. saxalxo saqme 1920b: “robaqiZiada”, gaz. saxalxo saqme, #926,

1920, gv.2-3.

265. faskunji 1908: J.faskunji, #5, 1908, gv.12.

iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo ... gaxaria.pdf · veSapeli gamoeTxoveba redaqtorobas, feletonSi `sizmrebis axsna~ ase daweren: `grigol veSapeli naxo, _ wumpeSi moiTxvaro

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