Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY1 Introduction to PHP MS. SADAF ABBASI [email protected].

Introduction to PHP

SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY 1

Introduction to PHP

MS. SADAF ABBASI

[email protected]

Introduction to PHP


Introduction to PHP

• PHP Hypertext Preprocessor.– Other Names : Personal Home Page, Professional Home

Page

• Is a server side scripting language.– Capable of generating the HTML pages

• HTML generates the web page with the static text and images.

• However the need evolved for dynamic web based application, mostly involving database usage.

Introduction to PHP


CLIENT

WEB SERVER

HTTP Request(url)

<HTML><?php PHP code ?></HTML>

Gets Page

<HTML><B>Hello</B></HTML>

Interprets the PHP codeServer response

Browser createsthe web page

Hello

Introduction to PHP


Why PHP?• ..there are no. of server side scripting available like

ASP, SSJS, JSP…..

• PHP involves– simplicity in scripting (..generally using the database)

– platform independence.

• PHP is – primarily designed for web applications

– well optimized for the response times needed for web applications

• Is an open source.

Introduction to PHP


PHP Language features

• PHP language features such as control structures, operators, variable types, function declaration, class/object declaration are almost similar to any compiled or interpreted language such as C or C++.

Introduction to PHP

Features of PHP•It is Free and Open source.•Easy to learn but hard to master.•Connects with 20+ databases.•Version 5+ supports OOP.•Multi-platform compatible.


Introduction to PHP

The WAMP/LAMP Stack


Apache is the web server.MYSQL is the database server.PHP is the backend coding language.

Introduction to PHP

IDEs for PHP development

• IDE – Integrated Development Environment– Adobe Dreameweaver

– Notepad++

– Dev-PHP

– Zend Development Studio

– PHP Eclipse


Introduction to PHP

PHP Trend


Introduction to PHP


PHP Data Type

• Three basic data types– Integer– Double– String

• More data types– Array– Object

• PHP is an untyped language – variables type can change on the fly.

Introduction to PHP


PHP Block

• PHP code block is embedded within the <?php and ?> tags.

• When the server encounters the PHP tags it switches from the HTML to PHP mode.

• There are four different ways to embed the PHP code– <?php echo(“Some PHP code”); ?>

– <? echo(“Some PHP code”); ?>

– <SCRIPT Language=‘php’> echo(“Some PHP code”); </SCRIPT>

– <% echo(“Some PHP code”); %>

Introduction to PHP


PHP Constants• ..values that never changes

• Constants are defined in PHP by using the define() function.– For e.g.

define(“NCST”, “National Centre for Software Technology”)

• defined() function says whether the constant exists or not.

Introduction to PHP


PHP Variables

• The variables in PHP are declared by appending the $ sign to the variable name.– For e.g

$company = “NCST”;

$sum = 10.0;

• variable’s data type is changed by the value that is assigned to the variable.

• Type casting allows to change the data type explicitly.

Introduction to PHP


PHP Variables (cont.)• Rich set of functions for working with

variable.– For e.g

• gettype, settype, isset, unset, is_int, intval etc etc

Introduction to PHP


PHP Operators

• All the operators such as arithmetic, assignment, Comparison, and logical operators are similar to the operators in C and C++.

• In PHP the string concatenation operator is denoted by ‘.’.– For e.g.

• $name = “My name is”.$myname;

Introduction to PHP


PHP Statements• IF statement

if (<condition>) {//php code goes here}

else {//php code goes here}

• Alternative Syntaxif(<condition>) :

//html code goes here

else ://html code goes here

endif;

Introduction to PHP


PHP Statements (cont.)• For loop

for($i=0;$i < 10;$++i) {echo(“the value is :”. $i);

}

– Alternative Syntax

for($i=0;$i < 10;$++i) :// html code goes here

endfor;

• While loop

• Do-While loop

Introduction to PHP


Functions

• Function declaration in PHPfunction my_func(<parameters>) {

//do something in the function

}

– for e.g.function sayHello() {

echo(“<B>hello amrish<B><BR>”);

}

Introduction to PHP


Functions (cont.)

• Assigning functions to the variables– for e.g

• $hello = “my_func”;

• to invoke the function my_func() through the variable$hello( );

• When an argument is to be passed by reference, an ampersand (&) is placed before the parameter name– for e.g.

my_func(&$my_refvar);

Introduction to PHP


Arrays

• ..contains value set

• each element has a value, data stored in the element.

• And has a key by which the element can be referred to.

Introduction to PHP


Initializing Arrays

• No of ways to initialize the array.– For e.g.

• $ncststaff[] = “amrish”;

$ncststaff[] = “murali”;

$ncststaff[] = “narayan”;

• $ncststaff[123] = “amrish”;

$ncststaff[122] = “murali”;

$ncststaff[121] = “narayan”;

• $ncststaff = array (“amrish”, “murali”, “narayan”);

– to change the indices of the array use => operator.

Introduction to PHP


Accessing the Array Elements• The elements in the array can be accessed by

using the list and each constructs– for e.g

while(list($key,$value) = each(countries))echo(“$value<BR>\n”);

– current(<arrayname>) gives the current value being accessed. key(<arrayname>) gives the index of the current element that is being accessed.

– prev(<arrayname>) gives the previous element.

– next(<arrayname>) gives the next element.

Introduction to PHP


Accessing the Array Elements (cont.)– Array_walk(<arrayname>,<function_name>)

• function_name is the function that is written for every member of an array.

• For e.g$ncststaff = array (“amrish”, “murali”, “narayan”);

array_walk ($ncststaff, printstaff);

// function to print each element of the array

function printstaff($names) {

echo “<B>$names</B><BR>\n”;

}

Introduction to PHP


Arrays (cont.)• $ncststaff = array (“dake” => array(“amrish”, “lakshana”, “venkat”),

“spc” => array(“narayan”, “murali”,“prasad”));

– creates a two dimensional array.

• Sorting Functions– sort() : sorts the elements in the numeric and

alphabetical order.

– rsort() : sorts the elements in the reverse order.

– asort() : sorts the elements in the array without changing the indices.

– ksort() : sorts the arrays by key.

Introduction to PHP


Classes

• Class is a template of an object and includes the properties and methods that describe an object and behavior.

• Class in PHP is defined using class statement.

Introduction to PHP


Classes (cont.)• For e.g<?

class company {

// define the properties

var $companyname;

// define the methods

function company($cname) {

$this->companyname = $cname;

}

function getnames($idcode) {

//return the name of the employee for the required idcode

}

}

?>

Introduction to PHP


PHP Richness

• PHP comes with myriad of options i.e. supports several APIs and interfaces to other programming tools such as– Database connectivity.

– XML

– Mail protocols such as IMAP, SMTP

– Image functions

etc….

Introduction to PHP

A. SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY 28

Image Generation & Manipulation

• PHP offers powerful set of functions for generating and manipulating the images.– Rendering regular geometric figures, modifying

images

– manipulate text, font and color and even the pixels in the image.

• ….creating the images on the fly.

Introduction to PHP


Image Generation & Manipulation (cont.)

• PHP uses the GD library for the most of the image functionality that it offers.

• GD library is used for generating the two-dimensional graphics.

• PHP API’s provides us with functions to:– Create, delete, resize and modify images.– Draw basic geometric figures– Manipulate text and fonts– Manipulate colors– Interlace and manipulate pixels– Handle PostScript files

Introduction to PHP


Mailing functions• Sending E-Mails

– Mail()• Used to send simple text messages.• Depends on the local mail delivery system.

– Using SMTP• Accepts the e-mail for every recipient and goes through trouble

of delivering the e-mails.

• Receiving E-Mails– PHP works out well with the IMAP protocol.– Rich set of support functions

• Imap_open, impa_delete, imap_close, imap_mail_copy, imap_mail_move etc.

Introduction to PHP


PHP-Database Connectivity

• Supports APIs for accessing large number of databases.

• ODBC is a standard API for accessing a database that has PHP support.

Introduction to PHP


PHP-Database Operations

• Some of operations.– Insert Data

– Delete Data

– Search Data

– Update Data

Introduction to PHP


XML Support in PHP

• PHP supports a set of functions that can be used for writing PHP-based XML applications.

• These functions are used for parsing well formed XML document.

Introduction to PHP


References

• Professional PHP programming– By Jesus Castagnetto, Chris Schollo et al

• www.phpbuilder.com

• www.php.net

Introduction to PHP


THANK YOU

Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY1 Introduction to PHP MS. SADAF ABBASI [email protected].

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