International Agriculture AGED 4713 International Panel: Mexico Manuel Corro Fall 2001.

International AgricultureAGED 4713

International Panel: Mexico

Manuel Corro

Fall 2001

Mexican History

European influence from Spain

Prehispanic culture:

Aztec Mayan Zapotecan Mixtecan Totonacan Olmecan

Geographic data

Area: 1972,550 sq. Km 32 States 1 Federal District

Every State divided in “Municipios”(counties)

Population98.5 million inhabitants

11th most populated country in the world

Population density: 50 people per sq.kilometer

Range: 15 to 5 587 p/sq km

Population growth rate: 1.6

74 % Population living in urban areas

26% Population living in rural areas (24 millions)

Source: www.inegi.gob.mx

Facts about Mexican population Official and business language: Spanish Several Indigenous languages

Nahuatl, Mayan, Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomie,

Tarahumara, yaqui

Diverse Population: 60%, mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish)

30%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian

10 % full blood Indian

9% white

1% other

Economy Mexico´s Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

amounted to 915 billion dollars in 2000

Services66%

Industries28%

Agriculture6%

GDP per capita $9,100

Grains harvested in 1999

GrainArea

(ThousandsHa)

Production(Thousands

M.Ton)

YieldTon/ ha

Corn 7,406.0 18,314.4 2.4

Sorghum 1,877.35 6,043.2 3.2

Wheat 657.5 3,049.8 4.2

Beans 1,615 1,080.6 0.64

Barley 243.5 470.7 2.2

Rice 52.3 394.7 4.7

Soybean 122.5 132.8 1.6

Cartamo 96.1 262.7 1.6

Sesame 43.1 31.5 0.6

Total 12,113.35 29,780.4

Source: www.sagar.gob.mx

Facts about Mexican Agriculture

85 % cropping on rainfed land & 15 % irrigated

Rainfed land:

30 % good

53 % fair

17 % poor

Tractors 1.8/100 Ag. Labor

Combines 2/2000 Ag. Labor

Annual Income/farmer ~$2000 Dollars

Livestock Production

Livestock Production, National consumption (Import and domestic) and

world rank 1999

Consumption from:CommodityProductionMetric tons

WorldRank

Domestic Imports

Poultry 1,731,538 4 89 11

Eggs 1,634,793 7 99.5 0.5

Beef meat 1,399,629 9 82 18

Pork 994,186 19 76 24

Goat meat 37959 16 N/ A N/ A

Sheep meat 30,785 40 42.3 57.7

Honey bee 255,323 6 99.9 0.1

Milk(millions ofLiters)

8,877.3 12 85 15

Livestock Production, National consumption (Import and domestic) and

world rank 1999

Consumption from:CommodityProductionMetric tons

WorldRank

Domestic Imports

Poultry 1,731,538 4 89 11

Eggs 1,634,793 7 99.5 0.5

Beef meat 1,399,629 9 82 18

Pork 994,186 19 76 24

Goat meat 37959 16 N/ A N/ A

Sheep meat 30,785 40 42.3 57.7

Honey bee 255,323 6 99.9 0.1

Milk(millions ofLiters)

8,877.3 12 85 15

Meat Consumption

Poultry39%

Beef31%

Pork25%

Sheep1%

Goat1%

Turkey3%

52 kg/year

Per capita

The Education System in Mexico

Some data about Education in Mexico

1921 66 % literacy 1995 91 % Literacy 90 % 15 years old people finish elementary

school 45 % 16 to 18 yr. people are in upper secondary 1.4 millions of teachers and professors 212 thousand education centers (all levels)

Source: www.sep.gob.mx

The structure of Mexican Education

Preschool ( 3-5 years old) Elementary 6 levels (6-11 yrs) Lower Secondary 3 levels (12-14 yr.) Upper Secondary or High school 3 levels (15-17 yr.) Technological Upper Secondary or Technical

Professional 3 levels Universities, Technological Institutes, Teacher

education Colleges 4 to 5 years (18- 24 years old) Graduate Studies: Specialization, Master and Ph.D..

Source: www.sep.gob.mx

Enrollment in National Education System

Basic81%

Job Training3%

Up. Secondary10%

Higher Education

6%

28.5 millions of students

Source: www.sep.gob.mx

International trade

Agricultural Trade 1999

Crops Livestock

Exports $2,330,180.00 $196,586.00

Imports $1,899,573.00 $215,889.00

Balance $ 430,600.00 ($19,303.00)

Agricultural Trade and NAFTA

Mexico Third largest foreign importer from U.S

– After Japan and Canada Second largest foreign supplier of Ag. Products to

U.S.– After Canada

Total US Ag. exports to Mexico : 10 % meat and meat products 17 % seed 22 % live animals 22 % dairy products 43 % sorghum

Agricultural Trade and NAFTA

Over a third of U.S Ag. Imports came from Mexico:– 20 % of coffee– 36 % live animals– 10 % fruit juice– 50 % Melons

U.S. Is the main market for Mexican Ag Exports:– 95 % Horticultural products– 75 % Coffee– 50 % Live animals– 98 % Beer– 56 % Sugar – 80 % Tequila

Mexico -United States relationship

"Our relationship with Mexico is an incredibly important relationship." "It's one where there's a lot of opportunity.” George W. Bush (Sept. 5, 2001)

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