Instructor Files 1.5 - Summit Professional Education...Szekely, L., Oelberg, D., et al. (1997). "Preoperative predictors of operative "Preoperative predictors of operative morbidity

References

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2 Min Walk Test

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6 Min Walk Test

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9 Hole Peg Test

Beebe, J. A. and Lang, C. E. (2009). "Relationships and responsiveness of six upper extremity function tests during the first six months of recovery after stroke." J Neurol Phys Ther 33(2): 96-103

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Activity Measure for Post Acute Care

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Coster, W. J., Haley, S. M., et al. (2006). "Measuring patient-reported outcomes after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation settings." J Rehabil Med 38(4): 237-242

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Activities Specific Balance Confidence Scale

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Dal Bello-Haas, V., Klassen, L., et al. (2011). "Psychometric Properties of Activity, Self-Efficacy, and Quality-of-Life Measures in Individuals with Parkinson Disease." Physiotherapy Canada 63(1): 47-57

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Horak, F. B., Wrisley, D. M., et al. (2009). "The Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) to differentiate balance deficits." Physical Therapy 89(5): 484-498

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Mak, M. K. and Pang, M. Y. (2009). "Fear of falling is independently associated with recurrent falls in patients with Parkinson's disease: a 1-year prospective study." J Neurol 256(10): 1689-1695

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Salbach, N. M., Mayo, N. E., et al. (2006). "Psychometric evaluation of the original and Canadian French version of the activities-specific balance confidence scale among people with stroke." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 87(12): 1597-1604.

Steffen, T. and Seney, M. (2008). "Test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change on balance and ambulation tests, the 36-item short-form health survey, and the unified Parkinson disease rating scale in people with parkinsonism." Physical Therapy 88(6): 733-746

Talley, K. M., Wyman, J. F., et al. (2008). "Psychometric properties of the activities-specific balance confidence scale and the survey of activities and fear of falling in older women." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 56(2): 328-333.

Wrisley, D. M. and Kumar, N. A. (2010). "Functional gait assessment: concurrent, discriminative, and predictive validity in community-dwelling older adults." Physical Therapy 90(5): 761-773.

A-One

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Action Research Arm Test

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Nijland, R., van Wegen, E., et al. (2010). "A comparison of two validated tests for upper limb function after stroke: The Wolf Motor Function Test and the Action Research Arm Test." J Rehabil Med 42(7): 694-696.

Platz, T., Pinkowski, C., et al. (2005). "Reliability and validity of arm function assessment with standardized guidelines for the Fugl-Meyer Test, Action Research Arm Test and Box and Block Test: a multicentre study." Clin Rehabil 19: 404-411


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van der Lee, J. H., Roorda, L. D., et al. (2002). "Improving the Action Research Arm test: a unidimensional hierarchical scale." Clin Rehabil 16(6): 646-653.

Yozbatiran, N., Der-Yeghiaian, L., et al. (2008). "A standardized approach to performing the action research arm test." Neurorehabil Neural Repair 22(1): 78-90.

Ashworth/Modified Asworth Scale

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Gregson, J., Leathley, M., et al. (1999). "Reliability of the Tone Assessment Scale and the modified Ashworth scale as clinical tools for assessing poststroke spasticity." Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 80(9): 1013-1016

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Haas, B., Bergström, E., et al. (1996). "The inter rater reliability of the original and of the modified Ashworth scale for the assessment of spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury." Spinal Cord 34(9): 560-564

Hsieh, J. T., Wolfe, D. L., et al. (2008). "Spasticity outcome measures in spinal cord injury: psychometric properties and clinical utility." Spinal Cord 46(2): 86-95.

Kamper, D. G., Schmit, B. D., et al. (2001). "Effect of muscle biomechanics on the quantification of spasticity." Ann Biomed Eng 29(12): 1122-1134.

Katz, R., Rovai, G., et al. (1992). "Objective quantification of spastic hypertonia: correlation with clinical findings." Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 73(4): 339.

Kaya, T., Karatepe, A. G., et al. (2011). "Inter-rater reliability of the Modified Ashworth Scale and modified Modified Ashworth Scale in assessing poststroke elbow flexor spasticity." Int J Rehabil Res 34(1): 59-64

Lin, F. and Sabbahi, M. (1999). "Correlation of spasticity with hyperactive stretch reflexes and motor dysfunction in hemiplegia." Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 80(5): 526-530

Mehrholz, J., Wagner, K., et al. (2005). "Reliability of the Modified Tardieu Scale and the Modified Ashworth Scale in adult patients with severe brain injury: a comparison study." Clinical rehabilitation 19(7): 751.

Min, J. H., Shin, Y.-I., et al. (2012). "The Correlation between Modified Ashworth Scale and Biceps T-reflex and Inter-rater and Intra-rater Reliability of Biceps T-reflex." Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine 36(4): 538-543.

Mutlu, A., Livanelioglu, A., et al. (2008). "Reliability of Ashworth and Modified Ashworth scales in children with spastic cerebral palsy." BMC Musculoskelet Disord 9: 44

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Salter, K., Jutai, J., et al. (2005). "Issues for selection of outcome measures in stroke rehabilitation: ICF body functions." Disability & Rehabilitation 27(4): 191-207.

Salter, K., Jutai, J. W., et al. (2005). "Issues for selection of outcome measures in stroke rehabilitation: ICF Body Functions." Disabil Rehabil 27(4): 191-207.

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Tederko, P., Krasuski, M., et al. (2007). "Reliability of clinical spasticity measurements in patients with cervical spinal cord injury." Ortop Traumatol Rehabil 9: 467-483

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Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BesTest)

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Horak, F. B., Wrisley, D. M., et al. (2009). "The Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) to differentiate balance deficits." Phys Ther 89(5): 484-498

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Barthel Index

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de Morton, N. A., Keating, J. L., et al. (2008). "Rasch analysis of the barthel index in the assessment of hospitalized older patients after admission for an acute medical condition." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 89(4): 641-647

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Lin, J. H., Hsu, M. J., et al. (2009). "Psychometric comparisons of 4 measures for assessing upper-extremity function in people with stroke." Physical Therapy 89(8): 840-850.

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Berg Balance

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Steffen, T. and Seney, M. (2008). "Test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change on balance and ambulation tests, the 36-item short-form health survey, and the unified Parkinson disease rating scale in people with parkinsonism." Physical Therapy 88(6): 733-746

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Brunel Balance Test

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Tyson, S. F. and Connell, L. A. (2009). "How to measure balance in clinical practice. A systematic review of the psychometrics and clinical utility of measures of balance activity for neurological conditions." Clinical Rehabilitation 23(9): 824-840

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Dizziness Handicap Inventory

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Basford, J. R., Chou, L. S., et al. (2003). "An assessment of gait and balance deficits after traumatic brain injury." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 84(3): 343-349

Cattaneo, D., Jonsdottir, J., et al. (2007). "Reliability of four scales on balance disorders in persons with multiple sclerosis." Disability and Rehabilitation 29(24): 1920-1925


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Treleaven, J., Jull, G., et al. (2005). "Smooth pursuit neck torsion test in whiplash-associated disorders: relationship to self-reports of neck pain and disability, dizziness and anxiety." J Rehabil Med 37(4): 219-223

Whitney, S. L., Hudak, M. T., et al. (1999). "The activities-specific balance confidence scale and the dizziness handicap inventory: a comparison." Journal of Vestibular Research 9(4): 253-259

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Chedoke McMaster Stroke Assessment Measure

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Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire

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DASH

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Angst, F., Goldhahn, J., et al. (2012). "Responsiveness of five outcome measurement instruments in total elbow arthroplasty." Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 64(11): 1749-1755

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Dupeyron, A., Gelis, A., et al. (2010). "Heterogeneous assessment of shoulder disorders: validation of the Standardized Index of Shoulder Function." J Rehabil Med 42(10): 967-972

Gummesson, C., Atroshi, I., et al. (2003). "The disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) outcome questionnaire: longitudinal construct validity and measuring self-rated health change after surgery." BMC Musculoskelet Disord 4(11): 11

Hsu, J. E., Nacke, E., et al. (2010). "The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire in intercollegiate athletes: validity limited by ceiling effect." J Shoulder Elbow Surg 19(3): 349-354.

Huisstede, B. M., Feleus, A., et al. (2009). "Is the disability of arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire (DASH) also valid and responsive in patients with neck complaints." Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 34(4): E130-138

Imaeda, T., Uchiyama, S., et al. (2010). "Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Japanese version of the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation." J Orthop Sci 15(4): 509-517

MacDermid, J. C., Wessel, J., et al. (2007). "Validity of self-report measures of pain and disability for persons who have undergone arthroplasty for osteoarthritis of the carpometacarpal joint of the hand." Osteoarthritis Cartilage 15(5): 524-530.

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Slobogean, G. P., Noonan, V. K., et al. (2010). "The reliability and validity of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, EuroQol-5D, Health Utilities Index, and Short Form-6D outcome instruments in patients with proximal humeral fractures." J Shoulder Elbow Surg 19(3): 342-348

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Dynamic Gait Index

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Cakit, B. D., Saracoglu, M., et al. (2007). "The effects of incremental speed-dependent treadmill training on postural instability and fear of falling in Parkinson's disease." Clin Rehabil 21(8): 698-705

Cattaneo, D., Jonsdottir, J., et al. (2007). "Reliability of four scales on balance disorders in persons with multiple sclerosis." Disability and Rehabilitation 29(24): 1920-1925.

Cattaneo, D., Regola, A., et al. (2006). "Validity of six balance disorders scales in persons with multiple sclerosis." Disability and Rehabilitation 28(12): 789-795.

Day, K. V., Kautz, S. A., et al. (2012). "Foot placement variability as a walking balance mechanism post-spinal cord injury." Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 27(2): 145-150.

Fritz, S. L., Pittman, A. L., et al. (2007). "An intense intervention for improving gait, balance, and mobility for individuals with chronic stroke: a pilot study." J Neurol Phys Ther 31(2): 71-76

Hall, C. D. and Herdman, S. J. (2006). "Reliability of clinical measures used to assess patients with peripheral vestibular disorders." J Neurol Phys Ther 30(2): 74-81

Herdman, S. J., Schubert, M. C., et al. (2003). "Recovery of dynamic visual acuity in unilateral vestibular hypofunction." Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 129(8): 819-824

Huang, S. L., Hsieh, C. L., et al. (2011). "Minimal detectable change of the timed "up & go" test and the dynamic gait index in people with Parkinson disease." Phys Ther 91(1): 114-121.

Hwang, S., Jeon, H. S., et al. (2010). "Locomotor imagery training improves gait performance in people with chronic hemiparetic stroke: a controlled clinical trial." Clin Rehabil 24(6): 514-522.

Jonsdottir, J. and Cattaneo, D. (2007). "Reliability and validity of the dynamic gait index in persons with chronic stroke." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 88(11): 1410-1415.

Jonsson, L. R., Kristensen, M. T., et al. (2011). "Intra- and interrater reliability and agreement of the Danish version of the Dynamic Gait Index in older people with balance impairments." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 92(10): 1630-1635.

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Executive Function Test

Baum, C., Connor, L., et al. (2008). "Reliability, validity, and clinical utility of the executive function performance test: A measure of executive function in a sample of people with stroke." The American Journal of Occupational Therapy 62(4): 446.

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Five Time Sit to Stand

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Buatois, S., Perret-Guillaume, C., et al. (2010). "A simple clinical scale to stratify risk of recurrent falls in community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older." Physical Therapy 90(4): 550-560.

Christiansen, C. L. and Stevens-Lapsley, J. E. (2010). "Weight-bearing asymmetry in relation to measures of impairment and functional mobility for people with knee osteoarthritis." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 91(10): 1524-1528

Duncan, R. P., Leddy, A. L., et al. (2011). "Five times sit-to-stand test performance in Parkinson's disease." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 92(9): 1431-1436

Fry, D. K. and Pfalzer, L. A. (2006). "Reliability of four functional tests and rating of perceived exertion in persons with multiple sclerosis." Physiotherapy Canada 58(3): 212-220.

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Meretta, B. M., Whitney, S. L., et al. (2006). "The five times sit to stand test: responsiveness to change and concurrent validity in adults undergoing vestibular rehabilitation." Journal of Vestibular Research 16(4-5): 233-243.

Mong, Y., Teo, T. W., et al. (2010). "5-repetition sit-to-stand test in subjects with chronic stroke: reliability and validity." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 91(3): 407-413.

Newcomer, K. L., Krug, H. E., et al. (1993). "Validity and reliability of the timed-stands test for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic diseases." Journal of Rheumatology 20(1): 21-27

Novy, D. M., Simmonds, M. J., et al. (2002). "Physical performance tasks: what are the underlying constructs?" Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 83(1): 44-47

Ozalevli, S., Ozden, A., et al. (2007). "Comparison of the Sit-to-Stand Test with 6 min walk test in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Respiratory Medicine 101(2): 286-293.

Piva, S. R., Teixeira, P. E., et al. (2011). "Contribution of hip abductor strength to physical function in patients with total knee arthroplasty." Physical Therapy 91(2): 225-233.

Schaubert, K. L. and Bohannon, R. W. (2005). "Reliability and validity of three strength measures obtained from community-dwelling elderly persons." J Strength Cond Res 19(3): 717-720

Simmonds, M. J., Olson, S. L., et al. (1976). "Psychometric characteristics and clinical usefulness of physical performance tests in patients with low back pain." Spine 23(22): 2412-2421

Tiedemann, A., Shimada, H., et al. (2008). "The comparative ability of eight functional mobility tests for predicting falls in community-dwelling older people." Age and Ageing 37(4): 430-435.

Wang, T. H., Liao, H. F., et al. (2012). "Reliability and validity of the five-repetition sit-to-stand test for children with cerebral palsy." Clin Rehabil 26(7): 664-671.

Whitney, S. L., Wrisley, D. M., et al. (2005). "Clinical measurement of sit-to-stand performance in people with balance disorders: validity of data for the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test." Physical Therapy 85(10): 1034-1045

Four Step Square Test

Blennerhassett, J. M. and Jayalath, V. M. (2008). "The Four Square Step Test is a feasible and valid clinical test of dynamic standing balance for use in ambulant people poststroke." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 89(11): 2156-2161.

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Dite, W. and Temple, V. A. (2002). "A clinical test of stepping and change of direction to identify multiple falling older adults." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 83(11): 1566-1571.

Whitney, S. L., Marchetti, G. F., et al. (2007). "The reliability and validity of the Four Square Step Test for people with balance deficits secondary to a vestibular disorder." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 88(1): 99-104.

Frenchay Activities Index

Cup, E., Reimer, W., et al. (2003). "Reliability and validity of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure in stroke patients." Clinical rehabilitation 17(4): 402-409.

Green, J., Forster, A., et al. (2001). "A test-retest reliability study of the Barthel Index, the Rivermead Mobility Index, the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living Scale and the Frenchay Activities Index in stroke patients." Disability and Rehabilitation 23(15): 670-676

Holbrook, M. and Skilbeck, C. (1983). "An activities index for use with stroke patients." Age and Ageing 12(2): 166.

Imam, B. and Miller, W. C. (2012). "Reliability and validity of scores of a Chinese version of the Frenchay Activities Index." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 93(3): 520-526.

Lin, K. C., Chen, H. F., et al. (2012). "Multidimensional Rasch validation of the Frenchay Activities Index in stroke patients receiving rehabilitation." J Rehabil Med 44(1): 58-64

Lu, W. S., Chen, C. C., et al. (2012). "Smallest real difference of 2 instrumental activities of daily living measures in patients with chronic stroke." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 93(6): 1097-1100

McPhail, S., Lane, P., et al. (2009). "Telephone reliability of the Frenchay Activity Index and EQ-5D amongst older adults." Health Qual Life Outcomes 7: 48.

Miller, W. C., Deathe, A. B., et al. (2004). "Measurement properties of the Frenchay Activities Index among individuals with a lower limb amputation." Clinical Rehabilitation 18(4): 414-422

Miller, W. C., Deathe, A. B., et al. (2001). "The influence of falling, fear of falling, and balance confidence on prosthetic mobility and social activity among individuals with a lower extremity amputation." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 82(9): 1238-1244.

Pedersen, P. M., Jorgensen, H. S., et al. (1997). "Comprehensive assessment of activities of daily living in stroke. The Copenhagen Stroke Study." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 78(2): 161-165


337

Piercy, M., Carter, J., et al. (2000). "Inter-rater reliability of the Frenchay Activities Index in patients with stroke and their carers." Clinical rehabilitation 14(4): 433.

Post, M. and Witte, L. (2003). "Good inter-rater reliability of the Frenchay Activities Index in stroke patients." Clinical rehabilitation 17(5): 548.

Sarker, S. J., Rudd, A. G., et al. (2012). "Comparison of 2 extended activities of daily living scales with the Barthel Index and predictors of their outcomes: cohort study within the South London Stroke Register (SLSR)." Stroke 43(5): 1362-1369.

Schepers, V. P. M., Ketelaar, M., et al. (2006). "Responsiveness of functional health status measures frequently used in stroke research." Disability and Rehabilitation 28(17): 1035-1040

Schuling, J., De Haan, R., et al. (1993). "The Frenchay Activities Index. Assessment of functional status in stroke patients." Stroke 24(8): 1173.

Tooth, L., McKenna, K., et al. (2003). "Further evidence for the agreement between patients with stroke and their proxies on the Frenchay Activities Index." Clinical rehabilitation 17(6): 656

Turnbull, J., Kersten, P., et al. (2000). "Validation of the Frenchay Activities Index in a general population aged 16 years and older." Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 81(8): 1034-1038.

Wade, D., Legh-Smith, J., et al. (1985). "Social activities after stroke: measurement and natural history using the Frenchay Activities Index." Disability & Rehabilitation 7(4): 176-181

Walters, S., Morrell, C., et al. (1999). "Measuring health-related quality of life in patients with venous leg ulcers." Quality of life Research 8(4): 327-336

Wu, C. Y., Chuang, L. L., et al. (2011). "Responsiveness and validity of two outcome measures of instrumental activities of daily living in stroke survivors receiving rehabilitative therapies." Clin Rehabil 25(2): 175-183

Fullerton

Cherry, B. J., Zettel-Watson, L., et al. (2012). "Positive associations between physical and cognitive performance measures in fibromyalgia." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 93(1): 62-71

Hernandez, D. and Rose, D. J. (2008). "Predicting which older adults will or will not fall using the Fullerton Advanced Balance scale." Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 89(12): 2309-2315

Klein, P. J., Fiedler, R. C., et al. (2011). "Rasch Analysis of the Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) Scale." Physiother Can 63(1): 115-125.


338

Langley, F. A. and Mackintosh, S. F. H. (2007). "Functional balance assessment of older community dwelling adults: a systematic review of the literature." Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences & Practice 5(4): 11p

Rose, D. J., Lucchese, N., et al. (2006). "Development of a multidimensional balance scale for use with functionally independent older adults." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 87(11): 1478-1485.

Wampler, M. A., Topp, K. S., et al. (2007). "Quantitative and clinical description of postural instability in women with breast cancer treated with taxane chemotherapy." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 88(8): 1002-1008.

Fugl Meyer

Bernspang, B., Asplund, K., et al. (1987). "Motor and perceptual impairments in acute stroke patients: effects on self-care ability." Stroke 18: 1081-1086

Crow, J. L. and Harmeling-van der Wel, B. C. (2008). "Hierarchical properties of the motor function sections of the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale for people after stroke: a retrospective study." Phys Ther 88: 1554-1567

Dettmann, M. A., Linder, M. T., et al. (1987). "Relationships among walking performance, postural stability, and functional assessments of the hemiplegic patient." Am J Phys Med 66: 77-90

Duncan, P. W., Goldstein, L. B., et al. (1992). "Measurement of motor recovery after stroke. Outcome assessment and sample size requirements." Stroke 23(8): 1084-1089.

Duncan, P. W., Lai, S. M., et al. (2000). "Defining post-stroke recovery: implications for design and interpretation of drug trials." Neuropharmacology 39(5): 835-841.

Duncan, P. W., Propst, M., et al. (1983). "Reliability of the Fugl-Meyer assessment of sensorimotor recovery following cerebrovascular accident." Phys Ther 63: 1606-1610

Gladstone, D. J., Danells, C. J., et al. (2002). "The fugl-meyer assessment of motor recovery after stroke: a critical review of its measurement properties." Neurorehabil Neural Repair 16: 232-240

Hsieh, Y. W., Wu, C. Y., et al. (2009). "Responsiveness and validity of three outcome measures of motor function after stroke rehabilitation." Stroke 40(4): 1386-1391

Hsueh, I. P., Hsu, M. J., et al. (2008). "Psychometric comparisons of 2 versions of the Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale and 2 versions of the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement." Neurorehabil Neural Repair 22(6): 737-744

Lin, J. H., Hsueh, I. P., et al. (2004). "Psychometric properties of the sensory scale of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment in stroke patients." Clin Rehabil 18(4): 391-397.


339

Malouin, F., Pichard, L., et al. (1994). "Evaluating motor recovery early after stroke: comparison of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment and the Motor Assessment Scale." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 75: 1206-1212

Mao, H.-F., Hsueh, I. P., et al. (2002). "Analysis and comparison of the psychometric properties of three balance measures for stroke patients." Stroke 33: 1022-1027

Nadeau, S., Arsenault, A. B., et al. (1999). "Analysis of the clinical factors determining natural and maximal gait speeds in adults with a stroke." Am J Phys Med Rehabil 78: 123-130

Platz, T., Pinkowski, C., et al. (2005). "Reliability and validity of arm function assessment with standardized guidelines for the Fugl-Meyer Test, Action Research Arm Test and Box and Block Test: a multicentre study." Clin Rehabil 19: 404-411

Sanford, J., Moreland, J., et al. (1993). "Reliability of the Fugl-Meyer assessment for testing motor performance in patients following stroke." Phys Ther 73: 447-454.

Shelton, F. D., Volpe, B. T., et al. (2001). "Motor impairment as a predictor of functional recovery and guide to rehabilitation treatment after stroke." Neurorehabil Neural Repair 15(3): 229-237.

Wagner, J. M., Rhodes, J. A., et al. (2008). "Reproducibility and minimal detectable change of three-dimensional kinematic analysis of reaching tasks in people with hemiparesis after stroke." Phys Ther 88(5): 652-663

Wood-Dauphinee, S. L., Williams, J. I., et al. (1990). "Examining outcome measures in a clinical study of stroke." Stroke 21: 731-739

Woodbury, M. L., Velozo, C. A., et al. (2008). "Longitudinal stability of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the upper extremity." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 89: 1563-1569.

Fullerton Balance Test

Cherry, B. J., Zettel-Watson, L., et al. (2012). "Positive associations between physical and cognitive performance measures in fibromyalgia." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 93(1): 62-71

Hernandez, D. and Rose, D. J. (2008). "Predicting which older adults will or will not fall using the Fullerton Advanced Balance scale." Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 89(12): 2309-2315.

Klein, P. J., Fiedler, R. C., et al. (2011). "Rasch Analysis of the Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) Scale." Physiother Can 63(1): 115-125.

Langley, F. A. and Mackintosh, S. F. H. (2007). "Functional balance assessment of older community dwelling adults: a systematic review of the literature." Internet


340

Journal of Allied Health Sciences & Practice 5(4): 11p

Rose, D. J., Lucchese, N., et al. (2006). "Development of a multidimensional balance scale for use with functionally independent older adults." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 87(11): 1478-1485.

Wampler, M. A., Topp, K. S., et al. (2007). "Quantitative and clinical description of postural instability in women with breast cancer treated with taxane chemotherapy." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 88(8): 1002-1008.

Functional Gait Assessment

Duncan, R. P., Leddy, A. L., et al. (2012). "Accuracy of fall prediction in Parkinson disease: six-month and 12-month prospective analyses." Parkinsons Dis 2012: 237673

Ellis, T., Cavanaugh, J. T., et al. (2011). "Which measures of physical function and motor impairment best predict quality of life in Parkinson's disease?" Parkinsonism Relat Disord 17(9): 693-697

Foreman, K. B., Addison, O., et al. (2011). "Testing balance and fall risk in persons with Parkinson disease, an argument for ecologically valid testing." Parkinsonism Relat Disord 17(3): 166-171

Leddy, A. L., Crowner, B. E., et al. (2011). "Functional gait assessment and balance evaluation system test: reliability, validity, sensitivity, and specificity for identifying individuals with Parkinson disease who fall." Physical Therapy 91(1): 102-113

Lin, J. H., Hsu, M. J., et al. (2010). "Psychometric Comparisons of 3 Functional Ambulation Measures for Patients With Stroke." Stroke

Thieme, H., Ritschel, C., et al. (2009). "Reliability and validity of the functional gait assessment (German version) in subacute stroke patients." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 90(9): 1565-1570

Walker, M., Austin, A., et al. (2007). "Reference group data for the functional gait assessment." Physical Therapy 87(11): 1468

Wrisley, D., Walker, M., et al. (2003). "Reliability of the dynamic gait index in people with vestibular disorders." Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 84(10): 1528-1533.

Wrisley, D. M. and Kumar, N. A. (2010). "Functional gait assessment: concurrent, discriminative, and predictive validity in community-dwelling older adults." Physical Therapy 90(5): 761-773

Wrisley, D. M., Marchetti, G. F., et al. (2004). "Reliability, internal consistency, and validity of data obtained with the functional gait assessment." Physical Therapy 84(10): 906-918.


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Functional Instrument Measure (FIM)

Beninato, M., Gill-Body, K. M., et al. (2006). "Determination of the minimal clinically important difference in the FIM instrument in patients with stroke." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 87(1): 32-39

Brock, K. A., Goldie, P. A., et al. (2002). "Evaluating the effectiveness of stroke rehabilitation: choosing a discriminative measure." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 83: 92-99

Cavanagh, S. J., Hogan, K., et al. (2000). "Stroke-specific FIM models in an urban population." J Neurosci Nurs 32(1): 17-21.

Coster, W. J., Haley, S. M., et al. (2006). "Measuring patient-reported outcomes after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation settings." J Rehabil Med 38(4): 237-242.

Denti, L., Agosti, M., et al. (2008). "Outcome predictors of rehabilitation for first stroke in the elderly." Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 44(1): 3-11.

Ditunno, J. F., Jr., Barbeau, H., et al. (2007). "Validity of the walking scale for spinal cord injury and other domains of function in a multicenter clinical trial." Neurorehabil Neural Repair 21(6): 539-550.

Dodds, T. A., Martin, D. P., et al. (1993). "A validation of the functional independence measurement and its performance among rehabilitation inpatients." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 74(5): 531-536.

Donaghy, S. and Wass, P. J. (1998). "Interrater reliability of the Functional Assessment Measure in a brain injury rehabilitation program." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 79(10): 1231-1236

Donnelly, C., Eng, J. J., et al. (2004). "Client-centred assessment and the identification of meaningful treatment goals for individuals with a spinal cord injury." Spinal Cord 42(5): 302-307

Dromerick, A. W., Edwards, D. F., et al. (2003). "Sensitivity to changes in disability after stroke: a comparison of four scales useful in clinical trials." Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 40(1): 1-8.

Fujiwara, T., Hara, Y., et al. (1999). "Relationship between shoulder muscle strength and functional independence measure (FIM) score among C6 tetraplegics." Spinal Cord 37(1): 58-61

Granger, C. V., Hamilton, B. B., et al. (1986). "Advances in functional assessment for medical rehabilitation." Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation 1(3): 59-74.

Grey, N. and Kennedy, P. (1993). "The Functional Independence Measure: a comparative study of clinician and self ratings." Paraplegia 31(7): 457-461.


342

Hall, K. M., Bushnik, T., et al. (2001). "Assessing traumatic brain injury outcome measures for long-term follow-up of community-based individuals." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 82(3): 367-374

Hall, K. M., Cohen, M. E., et al. (1999). "Characteristics of the Functional Independence Measure in traumatic spinal cord injury." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 80(11): 1471-1476

Heinemann, A. W., Linacre, J. M., et al. (1994). "Prediction of rehabilitation outcomes with disability measures." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 75(2): 133-143

Hobart, J. C., Lamping, D. L., et al. (2001). "Evidence-based measurement: which disability scale for neurologic rehabilitation?" Neurology 57(11524472): 639-644.

Hsueh, I. P., Lin, J. H., et al. (2002). "Comparison of the psychometric characteristics of the functional independence measure, 5 item Barthel index, and 10 item Barthel index in patients with stroke." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 73(2): 188-190.

Inouye, M., Hashimoto, H., et al. (2001). "Influence of admission functional status on functional change after stroke rehabilitation." Am J Phys Med Rehabil 80(2): 121-125; quiz 126, 146

Jackson, A. B., Carnel, C. T., et al. (2008). "Outcome measures for gait and ambulation in the spinal cord injury population." J Spinal Cord Med 31(5): 487-499.

Kramehmetoglu, S. S., Karacan, I., et al. (1997). "The functional Idependence measure in spinal cord injured patients: comparison of questioning with observational rating." Spinal Cord 35(1): 22-25

Kay, E., Deutsch, A., et al. (2010). "Effects of gender on inpatient rehabilitation outcomes in the elderly with incomplete paraplegia from nontraumatic spinal cord injury." J Spinal Cord Med 33(4): 379-386.

Keith, R. A., Granger, C. V., et al. (1987). "The functional independence measure: a new tool for rehabilitation." Adv Clin Rehabil 1(3503663): 6-18

Kohler, F., Dickson, H., et al. (2009). "Agreement of functional independence measure item scores in patients transferred from one rehabilitation setting to another." Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 45(4): 479-485

Kucukdeveci, A. A., Yavuzer, G., et al. (2001). "Adaptation of the Functional Independence Measure for use in Turkey." Clin Rehabil 15(3): 311-319.

Lawton, G., Lundgren-Nilsson, Å., et al. (2006). "Cross-cultural validity of FIM in spinal cord injury." Spinal Cord 44(12): 746-752.

Lundgren-Nilsson, Å., Tennant, A., et al. (2006). "Cross-diagnostic validity in a generic instrument: an example from the Functional Independence Measure in Scandinavia." Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 4(1): 55.


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Masedo, A. I., Hanley, M., et al. (2005). "Reliability and validity of a self-report FIM (FIM-SR) in persons with amputation or spinal cord injury and chronic pain." Am J Phys Med Rehabil 84(3): 167-176; quiz 177-169, 198.

Ng, Y. S., Jung, H., et al. (2007). "Results from a prospective acute inpatient rehabilitation database: clinical characteristics and functional outcomes using the Functional Independence Measure." Ann Acad Med Singapore 36(1): 3-10.

Nichol, A. D., Higgins, A. M., et al. (2011). "Measuring functional and quality of life outcomes following major head injury: common scales and checklists." Injury 42(3): 281-287

Nilsson, A. L., Sunnerhagen, K. S., et al. (2005). "Scoring alternatives for FIM in neurological disorders applying Rasch analysis." Acta Neurol Scand 111(4): 264-273.

Ottenbacher, K. J., Hsu, Y., et al. (1996). "The reliability of the functional independence measure: a quantitative review." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 77: 1226-1232.

Pollak, N., Rheault, W., et al. (1996). "Reliability and validity of the FIM for persons aged 80 years and above from a multilevel continuing care retirement community." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 77(10): 1056-1061

Price, G. L., Kendall, M., et al. (2004). "Perceived causes of change in function and quality of life for people with long duration spinal cord injury." Clin Rehabil 18(2): 164-171.

Saboe, L. A., Darrah, J. M., et al. (1997). "Early predictors of functional independence 2 years after spinal cord injury." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 78(6): 644-650

Segal, M. E., Ditunno, J. F., et al. (1993). "Interinstitutional agreement of individual functional independence measure (FIM) items measured at two sites on one sample of SCI patients." Paraplegia 31(8259324): 622-631.

Sharrack, B., Hughes, R. A., et al. (1999). "The psychometric properties of clinical rating scales used in multiple sclerosis." Brain 122 ( Pt 1): 141-159

Spooren, A. I., Janssen-Potten, Y. J., et al. (2006). "Measuring change in arm hand skilled performance in persons with a cervical spinal cord injury: responsiveness of the Van Lieshout Test." Spinal Cord 44(12): 772-779.

Stineman, M. G., Shea, J. A., et al. (1996). "The Functional Independence Measure: tests of scaling assumptions, structure, and reliability across 20 diverse impairment categories." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 77(11): 1101-1108

Tur, B. S., Gursel, Y. K., et al. (2003). "Rehabilitation outcome of Turkish stroke patients: in a team approach setting." Int J Rehabil Res 26(4): 271-277.


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Yavuz, N., Tezyurek, M., et al. (1998). "A comparison of two functional tests in quadriplegia: the quadriplegia index of function and the functional independence measure." Spinal Cord 36(12): 832-837.

Functional Reach Acar, M. and Karatas, G. K. (2010). "The effect of arm sling on balance in patients with hemiplegia." Gait Posture 32(4): 641-644.

Behrman, A. L., Light, K. E., et al. (2002). "Is the functional reach test useful for identifying falls risk among individuals with Parkinson's disease?" Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 83(4): 538-542

Bennie, S., Bruner, K., et al. (2003). "Measurements of balance: Comparison of the timed" Up and Go" test and functional reach test with the berg balance scale." Journal of Physical Therapy Science 15(2): 93-97.

Dibble, L. E. and Lange, M. (2006). "Predicting falls in individuals with Parkinson disease: a reconsideration of clinical balance measures." J Neurol Phys Ther 30(2): 60-67.

Duncan, P. W., Weiner, D. K., et al. (1990). "Functional reach: a new clinical measure of balance." J Gerontol 45(6): M192-197.

Erel, S., Uygur, F., et al. (2011). "The effects of dynamic ankle-foot orthoses in chronic stroke patients at three-month follow-up: a randomized controlled trial." Clin Rehabil 25(6): 515-523.

Jenkins, M. E., Johnson, A. M., et al. (2010). "Predictive validity of the UPDRS postural stability score and the Functional Reach Test, when compared with ecologically valid reaching tasks." Parkinsonism Relat Disord 16(6): 409-411

Kage, H., Okuda, M., et al. (2009). "Measuring methods for functional reach test: comparison of 1-arm reach and 2-arm reach." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 90(12): 2103-2107.

Katz-Leurer, M., Fisher, I., et al. (2009). "Reliability and validity of the modified functional reach test at the sub-acute stage post-stroke." Disabil Rehabil 31(3): 243-248.

Kerr, G. K., Worringham, C. J., et al. (2010). "Predictors of future falls in Parkinson disease." Neurology 75(2): 116-124.

Lim, L. I., van Wegen, E. E., et al. (2005). "Measuring gait and gait-related activities in Parkinson's patients own home environment: a reliability, responsiveness and feasibility study." Parkinsonism Relat Disord 11(1): 19-24

Lynch, S. M., Leahy, P., et al. (1998). "Reliability of measurements obtained with a modified functional reach test in subjects with spinal cord injury." Phys Ther


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78(2): 128-133

Mann, G. C., Whitney, S. L., et al. (1996). "Functional reach and single leg stance in patients with peripheral vestibular disorders." J Vestib Res 6(5): 343-353

Nocera, J. R., Buckley, T., et al. (2010). "Knee extensor strength, dynamic stability, and functional ambulation: are they related in Parkinson's disease?" Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 91(4): 589-595

Outermans, J. C., van Peppen, R. P., et al. (2010). "Effects of a high-intensity task-oriented training on gait performance early after stroke: a pilot study." Clin Rehabil 24(11): 979-987.

Schenkman, M., Cutson, T. M., et al. (1997). "Reliability of impairment and physical performance measures for persons with Parkinson's disease." Phys Ther 77(1): 19-27

Smithson, F., Morris, M. E., et al. (1998). "Performance on clinical tests of balance in Parkinson's disease." Phys Ther 78(6): 577-592.

Steffen, T. and Seney, M. (2008). "Test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change on balance and ambulation tests, the 36-item short-form health survey, and the unified Parkinson disease rating scale in people with parkinsonism." Physical Therapy 88(6): 733-746.

Thomas, J. I. and Lane, J. V. (2005). "A pilot study to explore the predictive validity of 4 measures of falls risk in frail elderly patients." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 86(8): 1636-1640.

Weiner, D. K., Duncan, P. W., et al. (1992). "Functional reach: a marker of physical frailty." J Am Geriatr Soc 40(3): 203-207.

Geriatric Depression Scale

Agrell, B. and Dehlin, O. (1989). "Comparison of six depression rating scales in geriatric stroke patients." Stroke 20(9): 1190-1194

Brink, T., Yesavage, J., et al. (1982). "Screening tests for geriatric depression." Clinical Gerontologist 1(1): 37-43.

Chagas, M. H., Tumas, V., et al. (2010). "Validity of a Brazilian version of the Zung self-rating depression scale for screening of depression in patients with Parkinson's disease." Parkinsonism Relat Disord 16(1): 42-45.

Cheng, S. T., Yu, E. C., et al. (2010). "The geriatric depression scale as a screening tool for depression and suicide ideation: a replication and extention." Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 18(3): 256-265

Cinamon, J. S., Finch, L., et al. (2011). "Preliminary evidence for the development of a stroke specific geriatric depression scale." Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 26(2): 188-


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Debruyne, H., Van Buggenhout, M., et al. (2009). "Is the geriatric depression scale a reliable screening tool for depressive symptoms in elderly patients with cognitive impairment?" Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 24(6): 556-562

Ertan, F. S., Ertan, T., et al. (2005). "Reliability and validity of the Geriatric Depression Scale in depression in Parkinson's disease." J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 76(10): 1445-1447

Kiernan, B., Wilson, D., et al. (1986). "Comparison of the Geriatric Depression Scale and Beck Depression Inventory in a nursing home setting." Clinical Gerontologist 6(1): 54-56.

Korner, A., Lauritzen, L., et al. (2006). "The Geriatric Depression Scale and the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia. A validity study." Nord J Psychiatry 60(5): 360-364

Lesher, E. (1986). "Validation of the Geriatric Depression Scale among nursing home residents." Clinical Gerontologist 4(4): 21-28.

McDowell, I. (2006). Measuring health: a guide to rating scales and questionnaires, Oxford University Press, USA. Mitchell, A. J., Bird, V., et al. (2009). "Diagnostic validity and added value of the geriatric depression scale for depression in primary care: A meta-analysis of GDS(30) and GDS(15)." J Affect Disord.

Mondolo, F., Jahanshahi, M., et al. (2006). "The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale and the geriatric depression scale in Parkinson's disease." Behav Neurol 17(2): 109-115

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Sivrioglu, E. Y., Sivrioglu, K., et al. (2009). "Reliability and validity of the Geriatric Depression Scale in detection of poststroke minor depression." J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 31(8): 999-1006.

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Jebsen Hand Function

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Kettle Test

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Knee Injury and Ostheoarthritis Outcome

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Tonelli, S. M., Rakel, B. A., et al. (2011). "Women with knee osteoarthritis have more pain and poorer function than men, but similar physical activity prior to total knee replacement." Biol Sex Differ 2: 12

Xie, F., Li, S. C., et al. (2006). "Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of Singapore English and Chinese versions of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) in Asians with knee osteoarthritis in Singapore12." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 14(11): 1098-1103.

McGill Pain Inventory

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Byrne, M., Troy, A., et al. (1982). "Cross-validation of the factor structure of the McGill Pain Questionnaire." Pain 13(2): 193-201

Corson, J. A. and Schneider, M. J. (1984). "The Dartmouth Pain Questionnaire: an adjunct to the McGill Pain Questionnaire." Pain 19(1): 59-69

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Turk, D. C., Rudy, T. E., et al. (1985). "The McGill Pain Questionnaire reconsidered: confirming the factor structure and examining appropriate uses." Pain 21(4): 385-397

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Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA)

Dong, Y.H., Sharma, V.K., Chan, B.P.L., Venketasubramanian, N., Teoh, H.L., Seet, R.C.S., Tanicala, S., Chan, Y.H. & Chen, C. (2010). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is superior to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for the detection of vascular cognitive impairment after acute stroke. Journal of Neurological Sciences. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2010.08.051

Koski, L., Xie, H. & Finch, L. (2009). Measuring cognition in a geriatric outpatient clinic: Rasch analysis of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 22, 151-160.

Luis, C.A, Keegan, A.P. & Mullan, M. (2009). Cross validation of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in community dwelling older adults residing in the Southeastern US. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24, 197-201.

Nasreddine, Z. S., Phillips, N. A., Bediriam, V., Charbonneau, S., Whitehead, V., Collin, I., Cummings, J. L., Chertkow, H. (2005). The Montreal Cognitive


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Pendlebury, S.T., Cuthbertson, F.C., Welch, S.J.V., Mehta, Z. & Rothwell, P.M. (2010). Underestimation of cognitive impairment by Mini-Mental State Examination versus the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in patients with transient ischemic attack and stroke. Stroke, 41, 1290-1293.

Smith, T., Gildeh, N. & Holmes, C. (2007). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment: Validity and utility in a memory clinic setting. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 52, 329-332.

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Motor Assessment Scale (MAS)

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Carr, J. H., Shepherd, R. B., et al. (1985). "Investigation of a new motor assessment scale for stroke patients." Phys Ther 65: 175-180

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Poole, J. L. and Whitney, S. L. (1988). "Motor assessment scale for stroke patients: concurrent validity and interrater reliability." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 69: 195-197.

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Multiple Errands Test

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Nottingham Health Profile

Baro, E., Ferrer, M., et al. (2006). "Using the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) among older adult inpatients with varying cognitive function." Quality of Life Research 15(4): 575-585

Beaton, D. E., Hogg-Johnson, S., et al. (1997). "Evaluating changes in health status: reliability and responsiveness of five generic health status measures in workers with musculoskeletal disorders." Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 50(1): 79-93.

Boyer, F., Novella, J. L., et al. (2004). "Agreement between dementia patient report and proxy reports using the Nottingham Health Profile." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 19(11): 1026-1034.

Essink-Bot, M. L., Krabbe, P. F., et al. (1997). "An empirical comparison of four generic health status measures. The Nottingham Health Profile, the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey, the COOP/WONCA charts, and the EuroQol instrument." Medical Care 35(5): 522-537

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Lurie, J. (2000). "A review of generic health status measures in patients with low back pain." Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 25(24): 3125-3129

McHorney, C. A. and Tarlov, A. R. (1995). "Individual-patient monitoring in clinical practice: are available health status surveys adequate?" Quality of Life Research 4(4): 293-307.

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Numeric Pain Scale

Bijur, P. E., Latimer, C. T., et al. (2003). "Validation of a verbally administered numerical rating scale of acute pain for use in the emergency department." Acad Emerg Med 10(4): 390-392.

Bryce, T. N., Budh, C. N., et al. (2007). "Pain after spinal cord injury: an evidence-based review for clinical practice and research. Report of the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research Spinal Cord Injury Measures meeting." J Spinal Cord Med 30(5): 421-440

Childs, J. D., Piva, S. R., et al. (2005). "Responsiveness of the numeric pain rating scale in patients with low back pain." Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 30(11): 1331-1334

Dijkers, M. (2010). "Comparing quantification of pain severity by verbal rating and numeric rating scales." J Spinal Cord Med 33(3): 232-242

Farrar, J. T., Young, J. P., Jr., et al. (2001). "Clinical importance of changes in chronic pain intensity measured on an 11-point numerical pain rating scale." Pain 94(2): 149-158.

Forchheimer, M. B., Richards, J. S., et al. (2011). "Cut point determination in the measurement of pain and its relationship to psychosocial and functional measures after traumatic spinal cord injury: a retrospective model spinal cord injury system analysis." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 92(3): 419-424

Hanley, M. A., Jensen, M. P., et al. (2006). "Clinically significant change in pain intensity ratings in persons with spinal cord injury or amputation." Clin J Pain 22(1): 25-31.

Hanley, M. A., Masedo, A., et al. (2006). "Pain interference in persons with spinal cord injury: classification of mild, moderate, and severe pain." J Pain 7(2): 129-133

Herr, K. A., Spratt, K., et al. (2004). "Pain intensity assessment in older adults: use of experimental pain to compare psychometric properties and usability of selected pain scales with younger adults." Clin J Pain 20(4): 207-219

Jensen, M. P. and McFarland, C. A. (1993). "Increasing the reliability and validity of pain intensity measurement in chronic pain patients." Pain 55(2): 195-203

Michener, L. A., Snyder, A. R., et al. (2011). "Responsiveness of the numeric pain rating scale in patients with shoulder pain and the effect of surgical status." J Sport Rehabil 20(1): 115-128.

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Sloman, R., Wruble, A. W., et al. (2006). "Determination of clinically meaningful levels of pain reduction in patients experiencing acute postoperative pain." Pain Manag Nurs 7(4): 153-158.

Stratford, P. W. and Spadoni, G. (2001). "FEATURE ARTICLES-The reliability, consistency, and clinical application of a numeric pain rating scale." Physiotherapy Canada 53(2): 88-91.

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Oswestry Disability Index

Artus, M., van der Windt, D. A., et al. (2010). "Low back pain symptoms show a similar pattern of improvement following a wide range of primary care treatments: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials." Rheumatology (Oxford) 49(12): 2346-2356

Carreon, L. Y., Glassman, S. D., et al. (2009). "Predicting SF-6D utility scores from the Oswestry disability index and numeric rating scales for back and leg pain." Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 34(19): 2085-2089.

Cho, S. K., Bridwell, K. H., et al. (2012). "Major complications in revision adult deformity surgery: risk factors and clinical outcomes with 2- to 7-year follow-up." Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 37(6): 489-500.

Copay, A. G., Glassman, S. D., et al. (2008). "Minimum clinically important difference in lumbar spine surgery patients: a choice of methods using the Oswestry Disability Index, Medical Outcomes Study questionnaire Short Form 36, and pain scales." Spine J 8(6): 968-974.

Dawson, A. P., Steele, E. J., et al. (2010). "Utility of the Oswestry Disability Index for studies of back pain related disability in nurses: evaluation of psychometric and measurement properties." Int J Nurs Stud 47(5): 604-607.

Fairbank, J. (1995). "Use of Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)." Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 20(13): 1535-1537.

Fairbank, J. C. (2007). "Use and abuse of Oswestry Disability Index." Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 32(25): 2787-2789

Fairbank, J. C. and Pynsent, P. B. (2000). "The Oswestry Disability Index." Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 25(22): 2940-2952; discussion 2952

Frost, H., Lamb, S. E., et al. (2008). "Responsiveness of a patient specific outcome measure compared with the Oswestry Disability Index v2.1 and Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire for patients with subacute and chronic low back pain." Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 33(22): 2450-2457; discussion 2458


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Glassman, S., Gornet, M. F., et al. (2006). "MOS short form 36 and Oswestry Disability Index outcomes in lumbar fusion: a multicenter experience." Spine J 6(1): 21-26.

Grotle, M., Garratt, A. M., et al. (2012). "Reliability and construct validity of self-report questionnaires for patients with pelvic girdle pain." Phys Ther 92(1): 111-123.

Haro, H., Maekawa, S., et al. (2008). "Prospective analysis of clinical evaluation and self-assessment by patients after decompression surgery for degenerative lumbar canal stenosis." Spine J 8(2): 380-384

Horvath, G., Koroknai, G., et al. (2010). "Prevalence of low back pain and lumbar spine degenerative disorders. Questionnaire survey and clinical-radiological analysis of a representative Hungarian population." Int Orthop 34(8): 1245-1249.

Jenks, K., Meikle, G., et al. (2009). "Osteitis condensans ilii: a significant association with sacroiliac joint tenderness in women." Int J Rheum Dis 12(1): 39-43.

Johnsen, L. G., Hellum, C., et al. (2013). "Comparison of the SF6D, the EQ5D, and the oswestry disability index in patients with chronic low back pain and degenerative disc disease." BMC Musculoskelet Disord 14: 148

Kiaer, T. and Gehrchen, M. (2010). "Transpedicular closed wedge osteotomy in ankylosing spondylitis: results of surgical treatment and prospective outcome analysis." Eur Spine J 19(1): 57-64

Little, D. G. and MacDonald, D. (1994). "The use of the percentage change in Oswestry Disability Index score as an outcome measure in lumbar spinal surgery." Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 19(19): 2139-2143

Miekisiak, G., Kollataj, M., et al. (2013). "Validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Polish version of the Oswestry Disability Index." Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 38(4): E237-243.

Monticone, M., Baiardi, P., et al. (2012). "Responsiveness of the Oswestry Disability Index and the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire in Italian subjects with sub-acute and chronic low back pain." European Spine Journal 21(1): 122-129

Vianin, M. (2008). "Psychometric properties and clinical usefulness of the Oswestry Disability Index." J Chiropr Med 7(4): 161-163

Wittink, H., Turk, D. C., et al. (2004). "Comparison of the redundancy, reliability, and responsiveness to change among SF-36, Oswestry Disability Index, and Multidimensional Pain Inventory." Clin J Pain 20(3): 133-142.

Orpington Prognostic Scale

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Celik, C., Aksel, J., et al. (2006). "Comparison of the Orpington Prognostic Scale (OPS) and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) for the prediction of the functional status of patients with stroke." Disabil Rehabil 28: 609-612.

Kalra, L. and Crome, P. (1993). "The role of prognostic scores in targeting stroke rehabilitation in elderly patients." J Am Geriatr Soc 41(4): 396-400

Kalra, L., Dale, P., et al. (1994). "Evaluation of a clinical score for prognostic stratification of elderly stroke patients." Age Ageing 23: 492-498.

Lai, S. M., Duncan, P. W., et al. (1998). "Prediction of functional outcome after stroke: comparison of the Orpington Prognostic Scale and the NIH Stroke Scale." Stroke 29: 1838-1842

Mahoney, F. (1965). "The Barthel Index." Maryland State Med J 14: 61-65.

Meldrum, D., Pittock, S. J., et al. (2004). "Recovery of the upper limb post ischaemic stroke and the predictive value of the Orpington Prognostic Score." Clin Rehabil 18: 694-702.

Prescott, R. J., Garraway, W. M., et al. (1982). "Predicting functional outcome following acute stroke using a standard clinical examination." Stroke 13: 641-647.

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Studenski, S. A., Wallace, D., et al. (2001). "Predicting stroke recovery: three- and six-month rates of patient-centered functional outcomes based on the orpington prognostic scale." J Am Geriatr Soc 49(3): 308-312

Weir, N. U., Counsell, C. E., et al. (2003). "Reliability of the variables in a new set of models that predict outcome after stroke." J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74: 447-451

Wright, C. J., Swinton, L. C., et al. (2004). "Predicting final disposition after stroke using the Orpington Prognostic Score." Can J Neurol Sci 31(4): 494-498.

Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patient (PASS)

Barros de Oliveira, C., Torres de Medeiros, I.R., Ferreira Frota, N.A., Greters, M.E., & Conforto, A.B. (2008). Balance control in hemiparetic stroke patients: main tools for evaluation. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 45(8), 1215-26.

Benaim, C., Perennou, D.A., Villy, J., Rousseaux, M., & Pelissier, J.Y. (1999). Validation of a standardized assessment of postural control in stroke patients: The Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS). Stroke, 30, 1862-8.


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Blum, L. & Korner-Bitensky, N. (2008). Usefulness of the Berg Balance Scale in stroke rehabilitation: a systematic review. Physical Therapy, 88, 559-66.

Chien, C-W., Hu, M-H., Tan, P-F., Sheu, C-F., & Hsieh, C-L. (2007a). A comparison of psychometric properties of the Smart Balance Master system and the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke in people who have had mild stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 88, 374-80.

Chien, C-W., Lin, J-H., Wan, C-H., Hsueh, I-P., Sheu, C-F., & Hsieh, C-L. (2007b). Developing a short form of the Postural Assessment Scale for People with Stroke. Nuerorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 21, 81-90.

Di Monaco, M., Trucco, M., Di Monaco, R., Tappero, R., & Cavanna, A. (2010). The relationship between initial trunk control or postural balance and inpatient rehabilitation outcome after stroke: a prospective comparative study. Clinical Rehabiltiation, 24, 543-54.

Hseih, C-L., Sheu, C-F., Hsueh, I-P., & Wang, C-H. (2002). Trunk control as an early predictor of comprehensive activities of daily living function in stroke patients. Stroke, 33, 2626-30.

Liaw, L-J., Hsieh, C-L., Hsu, M-J., Chen, H-M., Lin, J-H., & Lo, S-K. (2012). Test-retest reproducibility of two short-form balance measures used in individuals with stroke. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, in press. Epub ahead of print retrieved from http://journals.lww.com/intjrehabilres/Abstract/publishahead/Test_retest_reproducibility_of_two_short_form.99818.aspx

Liaw, L-J., Hsieh, C-L., Lo, S-K., Chen, H-M., Lee, S., & Lin, J-H. (2008). The relative and absolute reliability of two balance performance measures in chronic stroke patients. Disability and Rehabilitation, 30(9), 656-61.

Mao, H-F., Hsueh, I-P., Tang, P-F., Sheu, C-F., & Hsieh, C-L. (2002). Analysis and comparison of the psychometric properties of three balance measures for stroke patients. Stroke, 33, 1022-7.

Persson, C.U., Hansson, P-O., Danielsson, A., & Sunnerhagen, K.S. (2011). A validation study using a modified version of Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients: Postural stroke study in Gothenburg (POSTGOT). Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 8, 57-64. Wang, C.H., Hsueh, I.P., Sheu, C.F., Yao, G., & Hsieh, C.L. (2004). Psychometric properties of 2 simplified 3-level balance scales used for patients with stroke. Physical Therapy, 84(5), 430-8.

Yu, W-H., Hsueh, I-P., Hou, W-H., Wang, Y-H., & Hsieh, C-L. (2012). A comparison of responsiveness and predictive validity of two balance measures in patients with stroke. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 44, 176-80.

Rivermead Mobility Index


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Antonucci, G., Aprile, T., et al. (2002). "Rasch analysis of the Rivermead Mobility Index: a study using mobility measures of first-stroke inpatients." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 83: 1442-1449.

Chen, H. M., Hsieh, C. L., et al. (2007). "The test-retest reliability of 2 mobility performance tests in patients with chronic stroke." Neurorehabil Neural Repair 21(4): 347-352

Franchignoni, F., Brunelli, S., et al. (2003). "Is the Rivermead Mobility Index a suitable outcome measure in lower limb amputees?--A psychometric validation study." J Rehabil Med 35(3): 141-144

Franchignoni, F., Tesio, L., et al. (2003). "Psychometric properties of the Rivermead Mobility Index in Italian stroke rehabilitation inpatients." Clinical Rehabilitation 17(3): 273-282

Green, J., Forster, A., et al. (2001). "A test-retest reliability study of the Barthel Index, the Rivermead Mobility Index, the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living Scale and the Frenchay Activities Index in stroke patients." Disability and Rehabilitation 23(15): 670-676

Hsieh, C. L., Hsueh, I. P., et al. (2000). "Validity and responsiveness of the rivermead mobility index in stroke patients." Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 32(3): 140-142.

Hsueh, I. P., Wang, C. H., et al. (2003). "Comparison of psychometric properties of three mobility measures for patients with stroke." Stroke 34(7): 1741-1745.

Roorda, L. D., Green, J., et al. (2008). "Excellent cross-cultural validity, intra-test reliability and construct validity of the Dutch Rivermead Mobility Index in patients after stroke undergoing rehabilitation." J Rehabil Med 40(9): 727-732

Ryall, N. H., Eyres, S. B., et al. (2003). "Is the Rivermead Mobility Index appropriate to measure mobility in lower limb amputees?" Disabil Rehabil 25(3): 143-153

Sommerfeld, D. K. and von Arbin, M. H. (2001). "Disability test 10 days after acute stroke to predict early discharge home in patients 65 years and older." Clinical Rehabilitation 15(5): 528-534

Spinal Cord Independence Measure

Ackerman, P., Morrison, S. A., et al. (2010). "Using the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III to measure functional recovery in a post-acute spinal cord injury program." Spinal Cord 48(5): 380-387 Aidinoff, E., Front, L., et al. (2011). "Expected spinal cord independence measure, third version, scores for various neurological levels after complete spinal cord lesions." Spinal Cord 49(8): 893-896 Berry, C. and Kennedy, P. (2003). "A psychometric analysis of the Needs


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Assessment Checklist (NAC)." Spinal Cord 41(9): 490-501 Bluvshtein, V., Front, L., et al. (2011). "SCIM III is reliable and valid in a separate analysis for traumatic spinal cord lesions." Spinal Cord 49(2): 292-296 Catz, A., Itzkovich, M., et al. (1997). "SCIM--spinal cord independence measure: a new disability scale for patients with spinal cord lesions." Spinal Cord 35(12): 850-856 Catz, A., Itzkovich, M., et al. (2001). "The spinal cord independence measure (SCIM): sensitivity to functional changes in subgroups of spinal cord lesion patients." Spinal Cord 39(2): 97-100. Catz, A., Itzkovich, M., et al. (2001). "The Catz-Itzkovich SCIM: a revised version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure." Disabil Rehabil 23(6): 263-268 Catz, A., Itzkovich, M., et al. (2007). "A multicenter international study on the Spinal Cord Independence Measure, version III: Rasch psychometric validation." Spinal Cord 45(4): 275-291 Dawson, J., Shamley, D., et al. (2008). "A structured review of outcome measures used for the assessment of rehabilitation interventions for spinal cord injury." Spinal Cord 46(12): 768-780. � Glass, C. A., Tesio, L., et al. (2009). "Spinal Cord Independence Measure, version III: applicability to the UK spinal cord injured population." J Rehabil Med 41(9): 723-728. Invernizzi, M., Carda, S., et al. (2010). "Development and validation of the Italian version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III." Disabil Rehabil 32(14): 1194-1203 Itzkovich, M., Gelernter, I., et al. (2007). "The Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) version III: reliability and validity in a multi-center international study." Disabil Rehabil 29(24): 1926-1933 Itzkovich, M., Tamir, A., et al. (2003). "Reliability of the Catz-Itzkovich Spinal Cord Independence Measure assessment by interview and comparison with observation." Am J Phys Med Rehabil 82(4): 267-272 Morganti, B., Scivoletto, G., et al. (2005). "Walking index for spinal cord injury (WISCI): criterion validation." Spinal Cord 43(1): 27-33. Pouw, M. H., Hosman, A. J., et al. (2011). "Is the outcome in acute spinal cord ischaemia different from that in traumatic spinal cord injury? A cross-sectional analysis of the neurological and functional outcome in a cohort of 93 paraplegics." Spinal Cord 49(2): 307-312 Rudhe, C. and van Hedel, H. J. (2009). "Upper extremity function in persons with tetraplegia: relationships between strength, capacity, and the spinal cord independence measure." Neurorehabil Neural Repair 23(5): 413-421


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van Hedel, H. J., Dokladal, P., et al. (2011). "Mismatch between investigator-determined and patient-reported independence after spinal cord injury: consequences for rehabilitation and trials." Neurorehabil Neural Repair 25(9): 855-864. van Hedel, H. J. and Group, E. S. (2009). "Gait speed in relation to categories of functional ambulation after spinal cord injury." Neurorehabil Neural Repair 23(4): 343-350 Wirz, M., Muller, R., et al. (2010). "Falls in persons with spinal cord injury: validity and reliability of the Berg Balance Scale." Neurorehabil Neural Repair 24(1): 70-77.

Stroke Impact Scale (SIS)

Carod-Artal, F. J., Coral, L. F., et al. (2008). "The stroke impact scale 3.0: evaluation of acceptability, reliability, and validity of the Brazilian version." Stroke 39(9): 2477-2484

Carod-Artal, F. J., Coral, L. F., et al. (2009). "Self-and proxy-report agreement on the stroke impact scale." Stroke 40(10): 3308-3314.

Doyle, P. J., McNeil, M. R., et al. (2007). "The Burden of Stroke Scale (BOSS) provided valid, reliable, and responsive score estimates of functioning and well-being during the first year of recovery from stroke." Qual Life Res 16(8): 1389-1398.

Duncan, P. W., Bode, R. K., et al. (2003). "Rasch analysis of a new stroke-specific outcome scale: the Stroke Impact Scale." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 84(7): 950-963.

Duncan, P. W., Lai, S. M., et al. (2002). "Evaluation of proxy responses to the Stroke Impact Scale." Stroke 33(11): 2593-2599

Duncan, P. W., Wallace, D., et al. (1999). "The stroke impact scale version 2.0. Evaluation of reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change." Stroke 30(10): 2131-2140

Edwards, B. and O'Connell, B. (2003). "Internal consistency and validity of the Stroke Impact Scale 2.0 (SIS 2.0) and SIS-16 in an Australian sample." Qual Life Res 12(8): 1127-1135.

Huang, Y. H., Wu, C. Y., et al. (2010). "Predictors of change in quality of life after distributed constraint-induced therapy in patients with chronic stroke." Neurorehabil Neural Repair 24(6): 559-566.

Lin, K. C., Fu, T., et al. (2010). "Psychometric comparisons of the Stroke Impact Scale 3.0 and Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale." Qual Life Res 19(3): 435-443.

Lin, K. C., Fu, T., et al. (2010). "Minimal detectable change and clinically important difference of the Stroke Impact Scale in stroke patients." Neurorehabil Neural


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Repair 24(5): 486-492.

Stewart, A. L. and Ware, J. E. (1992). Measuring functioning and well-being: the medical outcomes study approach, Duke University Press Books.

Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement

Ahmed, S., Mayo, N. E., et al. (2003). "The Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement (STREAM): a comparison with other measures used to evaluate effects of stroke and rehabilitation." Phys Ther 83(7): 617-630

Chen, H. M., Hsieh, C. L., et al. (2007). "The test-retest reliability of 2 mobility performance tests in patients with chronic stroke." Neurorehabil Neural Repair 21(4): 347-352

Daley, K., Mayo, N., et al. (1999). "Reliability of scores on the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement (STREAM) measure." Phys Ther 79(1): 8-19; quiz 20-13.

Higgins, J., Mayo, N. E., et al. (2005). "Upper-limb function and recovery in the acute phase poststroke." J Rehabil Res Dev 42(1): 65-76.

Hsueh, I. P., Hsu, M. J., et al. (2008). "Psychometric comparisons of 2 versions of the Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale and 2 versions of the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement." Neurorehabil Neural Repair 22(6): 737-744.

Hsueh, I. P., Wang, C. H., et al. (2003). "Comparison of psychometric properties of three mobility measures for patients with stroke." Stroke 34(7): 1741-1745.

Tinetti POMA

Baloh, R. W., Ying, S. H., & Jacobson, K. M. (2003). A longitudinal study of gait and balance dysfunction in normal older people. Archives of Neurology, 60(6), 835.

Behrman, A. L., Light, K. E., & Miller, G. M. (2002). Sensitivity of the Tinetti Gait Assessment for detecting change in individuals with Parkinson’s disease. Clinical Rehabilitation, 16(4), 399-405.

Cipriany-Dacko, L. M., Innerst, D., Johannsen, J., & Rude, V. (1997). Interrater reliability of the Tinetti Balance Scores in novice and experienced physical therapy clinicians. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 78(10), 1160-1164.

Corriveau, H., Hebert, R., Raiche, M., & Prince, F. (2004). Evaluation of postural stability in the elderly with stroke. [Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85(7), 1095-1101.

Daly, J. J., Roenigk, K., Holcomb, J., Rogers, J. M., Butler, K., Gansen, J., . . . Ruff, R. L. (2006). A randomized controlled trial of functional neuromuscular stimulation in chronic stroke subjects. [Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, U.S.


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Gov't, Non-P.H.S.]. Stroke, 37(1), 172-178.

Faber, M. J., Bosscher, R. J., & van Wieringen, P. C. (2006). Clinimetric properties of the performance-oriented mobility assessment. Phys Ther, 86(7), 944-954.

Harada, N., Chiu, V., Damron-Rodriguez, J., Fowler, E., Siu, A., & Reuben, D. B. (1995). Screening for balance and mobility impairment in elderly individuals living in residential care facilities. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.]. Physical Therapy, 75(6), 462-469.

Kegelmeyer, D. A., Kloos, A. D., Thomas, K. M., & Kostyk, S. K. (2007). Reliability and validity of the Tinetti Mobility Test for individuals with Parkinson disease. [Validation Studies]. Physical Therapy, 87(10), 1369-1378. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20070007

Kloos, A. D., Bello-Haas, V. D., Thome, R., Cassidy, J., Lewis, L., Cusma, T., & Mitsumoto, H. (2004). Interrater and intrarater reliability of the Tinetti Balance Test for individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy, 28(1), 12.

Ko, Y. M., Park, W. B., Lim, J. Y., Kim, K. W., & Paik, N. J. (2009). Discrepancies between balance confidence and physical performance among community-dwelling Korean elders: a population-based study. International Psychogeriatrics, 21(04), 738-747.

Köpke, S., & Meyer, G. (2006). The Tinetti test. Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie, 39(4), 288-291.

Lin, M. R., Hwang, H. F., Hu, M. H., Wu, H. D., Wang, Y. W., & Huang, F. C. (2004). Psychometric comparisons of the timed up and go, one-leg stand, functional reach, and Tinetti balance measures in community-dwelling older people. [Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 52(8), 1343-1348. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52366.x

Mitchell, K. D., & Newton, R. A. (2006). Performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA) balance score indicates need for assistive device. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol, 1(3), 183-189.

Protas, E. J., Harris, C., Moch, C., & Rusk, M. (2000). Sensitivity of a clinical scale of balance and gait in frail nursing home residents. Disabil Rehabil, 22(8), 372-378.

Shore, W. S., DeLateur, B. J., Kuhlemeier, K. V., Imteyez, H., Rose, G., & Williams, M. A. (2005). A comparison of gait assessment methods: Tinetti and GAITRite electronic walkway. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53(11), 2044-2045.

Soyuer, F., & Ozturk, A. (2007). The effect of spasticity, sense and walking aids in falls of people after chronic stroke. Disability and Rehabilitation, 29(9), 679-687. doi: 10.1080/09638280600925860

Sterke, C. S., Huisman, S. L., Van Beeck, E. F., Looman, C. W. N., & Van Der


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Cammen, T. J. M. (2010). Is the Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) a feasible and valid predictor of short-term fall risk in nursing home residents with dementia? International Psychogeriatrics, 22(2), 254.

Thomas, J. I., & Lane, J. V. (2005). A pilot study to explore the predictive validity of 4 measures of falls risk in frail elderly patients. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86(8), 1636-1640. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.03.004

Tinetti, M. E. (1986). Performance-oriented assessment of mobility problems in elderly patients. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

vaniersel, M., Benraad, C. M., & Olderikkert, M. M. (2007). Validity and reliability of quantitative gait analysis in geriatric patients with and without dementia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 55(4), 632-633.

Timed Up and Go

Abu Hilal, M., Di Fabio, F., et al. (2013). "Implementation of enhanced recovery programme after pancreatoduodenectomy: A single-centre UK pilot study." Pancreatology 13(1): 58-62.

Andersson, A. G., Kamwendo, K., et al. (2006). "How to identify potential fallers in a stroke unit: validity indexes of 4 test methods." J Rehabil Med 38(3): 186-191.

Brooks, D., Davis, A. M., et al. (2006). "Validity of 3 physical performance measures in inpatient geriatric rehabilitation." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 87(1): 105-110.

Brusse, K. J., Zimdars, S., et al. (2005). "Testing functional performance in people with Parkinson disease." Physical Therapy 85(2): 134-141

Dal Bello-Haas, V., Klassen, L., et al. (2011). "Psychometric Properties of Activity, Self-Efficacy, and Quality-of-Life Measures in Individuals with Parkinson Disease." Physiotherapy Canada 63(1): 47-57

de Morton, N. A., Berlowitz, D. J., et al. (2008). "A systematic review of mobility instruments and their measurement properties for older acute medical patients." Health Qual Life Outcomes 6: 44

Dibble, L. E. and Lange, M. (2006). "Predicting falls in individuals with Parkinson disease: a reconsideration of clinical balance measures." J Neurol Phys Ther 30(2): 60-67

Dite, W., Connor, H. J., et al. (2007). "Clinical identification of multiple fall risk early after unilateral transtibial amputation." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 88(1): 109-114

Flansbjer, U. B., Holmback, A. M., et al. (2005). "Reliability of gait performance tests in men and women with hemiparesis after stroke." J Rehabil Med 37(2): 75-82


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Foreman, K. B., Addison, O., et al. (2011). "Testing balance and fall risk in persons with Parkinson disease, an argument for ecologically valid testing." Parkinsonism Relat Disord 17(3): 166-171

Huang, S. L., Hsieh, C. L., et al. (2011). "Minimal detectable change of the timed "up & go" test and the dynamic gait index in people with Parkinson disease." Physical Therapy 91(1): 114-121

Katz-Leurer, M., Rotem, H., et al. (2008). "Functional balance tests for children with traumatic brain injury: within-session reliability." Pediatr Phys Ther 20(3): 254-258.

Knorr, S., Brouwer, B., et al. (2010). "Validity of the Community Balance and Mobility Scale in community-dwelling persons after stroke." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 91(6): 890-896.

Lam, T., Noonan, V. K., et al. (2008). "A systematic review of functional ambulation outcome measures in spinal cord injury." Spinal Cord 46(4): 246-254

Lemay, J. F. and Nadeau, S. (2010). "Standing balance assessment in ASIA D paraplegic and tetraplegic participants: concurrent validity of the Berg Balance Scale." Spinal Cord 48(3): 245-250.

Lin, M. R., Hwang, H. F., et al. (2004). "Psychometric comparisons of the timed up and go, one-leg stand, functional reach, and Tinetti balance measures in community-dwelling older people." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 52(8): 1343-1348.

Mathias, S., Nayak, U., et al. (1986). "Balance in elderly patients: the" get-up and go" test." Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 67(6): 387

Morris, S., Morris, M. E., et al. (2001). "Reliability of measurements obtained with the Timed "Up & Go" test in people with Parkinson disease." Physical Therapy 81(2): 810-818

Nemmers, T. M. and Miller, J. W. (2008). "Factors influencing balance in healthy community-dwelling women age 60 and older." J Geriatr Phys Ther 31(3): 93-100.

Ng, S. S. and Hui-Chan, C. W. (2005). "The timed up & go test: its reliability and association with lower-limb impairments and locomotor capacities in people with chronic stroke." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 86(8): 1641-1647.

Nordin, E., Rosendahl, E., et al. (2006). "Timed "Up & Go" test: reliability in older people dependent in activities of daily living--focus on cognitive state." Phys Ther 86(16649889): 646-655.

Podsiadlo, D. and Richardson, S. (1991). "The timed "Up & Go": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons." J Am Geriatr Soc 39(2): 142-148

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the functional reach and the timed up and go tests in the Canadian study of health and aging." Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 55(2): M70-73.

Schenkman, M., Cutson, T. M., et al. (2002). "Application of the continuous scale physical functional performance test to people with Parkinson disease." Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy 26(3): 130.

Shumway-Cook, A., Brauer, S., et al. (2000). "Predicting the probability for falls in community-dwelling older adults using the Timed Up & Go Test." Physical Therapy 80(9): 896-903

Siggeirsdottir, K., Jonsson, B. Y., et al. (2002). "The timed 'Up & Go' is dependent on chair type." Clinical Rehabilitation 16(6): 609-616.

Steffen, T. and Seney, M. (2008). "Test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change on balance and ambulation tests, the 36-item short-form health survey, and the unified Parkinson disease rating scale in people with parkinsonism." Physical Therapy 88(6): 733-746.

Steffen, T. M., Hacker, T. A., et al. (2002). "Age- and gender-related test performance in community-dwelling elderly people: Six-Minute Walk Test, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up & Go Test, and gait speeds." Physical Therapy 82(2): 128-137

Thomas, J. I. and Lane, J. V. (2005). "A pilot study to explore the predictive validity of 4 measures of falls risk in frail elderly patients." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 86: 1636-1640.

van Hedel, H. J., Wirz, M., et al. (2005). "Assessing walking ability in subjects with spinal cord injury: validity and reliability of 3 walking tests." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 86(2): 190-196

van Hedel, H. J., Wirz, M., et al. (2005). "Assessing walking ability in subjects with spinal cord injury: validity and reliability of 3 walking tests." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 86(2): 190-196

Whitney, J. C., Lord, S. R., et al. (2005). "Streamlining assessment and intervention in a falls clinic using the Timed Up and Go Test and Physiological Profile Assessments." Age Ageing 34(6): 567-571

Tinetti Falls Efficacy

Cakt, B. D., Nacir, B., et al. (2010). "Cycling progressive resistance training for people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled study." American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 89(6): 446-457.

Harada, N., Chiu, V., et al. (1995). "Screening for balance and mobility impairment in elderly individuals living in residential care facilities." Physical Therapy 75(6): 462.


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Hauer, K., Yardley, L., et al. (2010). "Validation of the Falls Efficacy Scale and Falls Efficacy Scale International in geriatric patients with and without cognitive impairment: results of self-report and interview-based questionnaires." Gerontology 56(2): 190-199.

Hellstrom, K. and Lindmark, B. (1999). "Fear of falling in patients with stroke: a reliability study." Clinical rehabilitation 13(6): 509

Hotchkiss, A., Fisher, A., et al. (2004). "Convergent and predictive validity of three scales related to falls in the elderly." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 58(1): 100-103

Huang, T. T. and Wang, W. S. (2009). "Comparison of three established measures of fear of falling in community-dwelling older adults: psychometric testing." International Journal of Nursing Studies 46(10): 1313-1319

Jørstad, E. C., Hauer, K., et al. (2005). "Measuring the psychological outcomes of falling: a systematic review." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 53(3): 501-510.

Jorstad, E. C., Hauer, K., et al. (2005). "Measuring the psychological outcomes of falling: a systematic review." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 53(3): 501-510

Kempen, G. I., Yardley, L., et al. (2008). "The Short FES-I: a shortened version of the falls efficacy scale-international to assess fear of falling." Age Ageing 37(1): 45-50.

Kempen, G. I. J. M., Yardley, L., et al. (2008). "The Short FES-I: a shortened version of the falls efficacy scale-international to assess fear of falling." Age and ageing 37(1): 45-50.

Medley, A., Thompson, M., et al. (2006). "Predicting the probability of falls in community dwelling persons with brain injury: a pilot study." Brain Injury 20(13-14): 1403-1408.

Parry, S. W., Steen, N., et al. (2001). "Falls and confidence related quality of life outcome measures in an older British cohort." Postgraduate Medical Journal 77(904): 103-108

Petrella, R. J., Payne, M., et al. (2000). "Physical function and fear of falling after hip fracture rehabilitation in the elderly." American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 79(2): 154-160.

Petrella, R. J., Payne, M., et al. (2000). "Physical function and fear of falling after hip fracture rehabilitation in the elderly." American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation 79(2): 154-160.

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Tinetti, M. E. (1990). "Falls Efficacy Scale Measure."

Wirz, M., Muller, R., et al. (2010). "Falls in persons with spinal cord injury: validity and reliability of the Berg Balance Scale." Neurorehabil Neural Repair 24(1): 70-77.

Wolf Motor Function Test

Fritz, S. L., Blanton, S., et al. (2009). "Minimal detectable change scores for the Wolf Motor Function Test." Neurorehabil Neural Repair 23: 662-667

Lang, C. E., Edwards, D. F., et al. (2008). "Estimating minimal clinically important differences of upper-extremity measures early after stroke." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 89(9): 1693-1700

Morris, D. M., Uswatte, G., et al. (2001). "The reliability of the wolf motor function test for assessing upper extremity function after stroke." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 82: 750-755

Nijland, R., van Wegen, E., et al. (2010). "A comparison of two validated tests for upper limb function after stroke: The Wolf Motor Function Test and the Action Research Arm Test." J Rehabil Med 42(7): 694-696.

Shaw, S. E., Morris, D. M., et al. (2005). "Constraint-induced movement therapy for recovery of upper-limb function following traumatic brain injury." J Rehabil Res Dev 42(6): 769-778.

Whitall, J., Savin, D. N., Jr., et al. (2006). "Psychometric properties of a modified Wolf Motor Function test for people with mild and moderate upper-extremity hemiparesis." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 87(5): 656-660

Wing, K., Lynskey, J. V., et al. (2008). "Whole-body intensive rehabilitation is feasible and effective in chronic stroke survivors: a retrospective data analysis." Top Stroke Rehabil 15(3): 247-255.

Wolf, S. L., Catlin, P. A., et al. (2001). "Assessing Wolf motor function test as outcome measure for research in patients after stroke." Stroke 32: 1635-1639.


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Instructor Files 1.5 - Summit Professional Education...Szekely, L., Oelberg, D., et al. (1997). "Preoperative predictors of operative "Preoperative predictors of operative morbidity

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