Industrialization – Part 1 (Ch. 9, Sec. 1) 1. The Agricultural Revolution 2. Industrial Revolution Began in Britain 3. Inventions Spurred Industrial Revolution
Jan 04, 2016
Industrialization – Part 1 (Ch. 9, Sec. 1)
1. The Agricultural Revolution2. Industrial Revolution Began in Britain3. Inventions Spurred Industrial Revolution
How did the Agricultural Revolution help create industrialization?
• Wealthy landowners bought out small farmers, then fenced in farms (enclosures)
• They experimented with new seeding & harvesting methods to improve crop yields
• Jethro Tull invented the seed drill (sow seeds in well-spaced rows at specific depths)
• Crop rotation (rotate specific crops) & selective breeding (mating strongest animals) produced larger yields
What led to the Industrial Revolution getting started in Britain?
• Britain had a large population of workers, as well as extensive natural resources:
• Water power & coal for power• Iron ore to construct machines, tools, &
buildings• Rivers & harbors provided transportation• Britain had all the factors of production (land,
labor, & capital), plus an economy that could support industrialization
Spinning Wheel / Cottage Industry
How did new inventions spur industrialization?
• John Kay’s flying shuttle doubled the work a weaver could do in a day
• James Hargreaves’ spinning wheel (spinning jenny) allowed spinners to work 8 threads at a time
• Eli Whitney’s cotton gin drastically increased the amount of cotton that could be cleaned
• The spinning mule, water frame, & power loom led to the beginning of factories
Industrialization – Part 2
1. Improvements in Transportation Contributed2. Beginning of The Railroad Industry3. Railway Industry Revolutionized Transportation
How did improvements in transportation contribute to industrialization?
• Watt’s new steam engine was faster & more efficient, while using less fuel
• His steam engine led to Fulton’s steamboat, which could power ships up & down rivers
• The steamboat drastically improved water transportation & led to the building of canal systems (US, Britain)
• McAdam made roads easier to travel in rainy conditions (crushed rock over large stones)
How did the railroad industry begin?
• Trevithick’s steam-driven locomotive led to the railroad industry & improved travel/trade
• Stephenson built the world’s first railroad line in 1825 (27 miles long)
• By 1830, the Liverpool-Manchester Railway opened (connected port city to inland city)
• The Rocket (Stephenson) traveled at an unheard of speed of 24 mph
How did the railway industry revolutionize transportation?
• Rail lines were built to connect industrial cities to markets and provide cheap transportation
• Huge railroad lines created lots of jobs for workers, miners, & other industries
• Railroads allowed workers to take distant jobs that could pay more
• The railroads also contributed to a boost in agricultural & fishing industries (quicker transportation)
Early locomotive