III. Social Impact in Europe A.The Industrial Revolution spurred the growth of cities. Cities were home to many industries. People moved from the country.

III.III. Social Impact in EuropeSocial Impact in EuropeA.A. The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution

spurred the growth of spurred the growth of cities.cities.

Cities were home to many Cities were home to many industries. People moved industries. People moved

from the country to the from the country to the city to city to find work.find work.

LondonLondon’’s population s population increased from 1 million increased from 1 million

in in 1800 to 2.3 million in 1800 to 2.3 million in 1850.1850.

B.B. Many inhabitants of these Many inhabitants of these rapidly growing cities rapidly growing cities

lived in lived in miserable conditions.miserable conditions.

The conditions caused urban The conditions caused urban social reformers to social reformers to

demand demand that the cities that the cities clean up the clean up the conditions.conditions.

SECTION 2

The Factory System

Lives in Workers’ Homes

SECTION 2

The Factory System

C.C. The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution brought about industrial brought about industrial

capitalism, an capitalism, an economic economic system system based on industrial based on industrial production.production.

Industrial capitalism Industrial capitalism produced the industrial produced the industrial

middle class.middle class.

Industrial middle class built Industrial middle class built factories and bought factories and bought

machines.machines.

D.D. Industrial workers faced Industrial workers faced horrible working horrible working

conditions, conditions, working 12-16hrs working 12-16hrs a day fora day for

6 days a week.6 days a week.

There was no minimum There was no minimum wage.wage.

The hot temperatures in the The hot temperatures in the cotton mills were cotton mills were

especially especially harmful. harmful.

E.E. The Factory Act of 1833 set 9 The Factory Act of 1833 set 9 as the minimum age to as the minimum age to

work. work.

Children from 9 to 13 could Children from 9 to 13 could work only 8 hours a day; work only 8 hours a day;

those between 13 and those between 13 and 18 18 could work only 12 could work only 12 hours.hours.

Women and children were Women and children were paid half or less than paid half or less than

men.men.

Israel and the Occupied Territories

SECTION 3New Methods and Business Organizations

Eli WhitneyEli Whitney Used division of labor to make Used division of labor to make

musketsmuskets Parts were all alikeParts were all alike interchangeableinterchangeablepartsparts

Speedy productionSpeedy productionof inexpensiveof inexpensivemusketsmuskets

Easily repaired!Easily repaired!

Israel and the Occupied Territories

SECTION 3New Methods and Business Organizations

Mass ProductionMass ProductionProducing large numbers of identical itemsProducing large numbers of identical items

What do you need for Mass Production?Division of labor

Use of interchangeable parts

An assembly line

Israel and the Occupied Territories

SECTION 3New Methods and Business Organizations

The Assembly Line

Parts brought together toone location

Carried from worker to worker

Saved time and energy

Israel and the Occupied Territories

SECTION 3New Methods and Business Organizations

Henry FordHenry Ford Used a conveyor Used a conveyor

beltbelt Founded one of Founded one of

the largest the largest industries in the industries in the worldworld

Model T would be Model T would be assembled in 93 assembled in 93 min.min.

Israel and the Occupied Territories

SECTION 3

Rise of the Corporation

Sole proprietorship:one person owns andruns the business.

Partnership:two or more peopleown and run a business.

Israel and the Occupied Territories

SECTION 3

Rise of the Corporation

Corporations are companies Corporations are companies that allows people to buy that allows people to buy ““shares of stockshares of stock””

Each shareholder receives a Each shareholder receives a portion of the profitsportion of the profits

By late 1800s, some By late 1800s, some corporations were very large corporations were very large and powerful. Such as:and powerful. Such as:J.P. Morgan’s – US SteelJ.P. Morgan’s – US Steel

Israel and the Occupied Territories

SECTION 3New Methods and Business Organizations

MonopolyMonopoly

When a corporation gains When a corporation gains COMPLETE CONTROL over COMPLETE CONTROL over the production or sale of a the production or sale of a good/or servicegood/or service