Industrial Revolution Begins. Ch 7 Discussion Questions 1.What was the industrial revolution? 2.What revolution sparked the industrial revolution? 3.

Industrial Revolution Begins

Ch 7 Discussion Questions1. What was the industrial revolution?2. What revolution sparked the industrial

revolution?3. What country did the Industrial

Revolution begin in?4. List how technology affects our lives both

positively and negatively. (Was the industrial revolution + or -?)

5. What factors does a nation need to industrialize? Are all nations industrialized today? Why or why not?

Factors of Industrialization

Human Resources

Natural Resources

New Technology

Stable Government

Good Economy

Good Social Conditions

Dawn of the Industrial Age

• Industrial Revolution started in Britain – Economic changes – Spread around the world

• “Industrial England: Workshop of the World”-Napoleon

Life Changes

1750• Worked the land• Tools were handmade• Made their own clothing• Small villages

– Rarely left your hometown

1850• Worked in factories • Tools and clothing were

made by machines• Small villages became large

industrial towns– Traveling became common

New Ideas

• Telegraph-sending urgent messages

• Anesthetics and improved medicine methods

• Large sewing machines

Why did the Industrial Revolution occur?

1. Agricultural Revolution – (improved methods of farming)a. Dutch led the wayb. English mixed soils = high yieldsc. Charles Townshend – “Turnip Townshend”

-Crop Rotation, grow turnips, rotate crops to restore soil.

d. Jethro Tull, seed drill = no waste, plants in rows

2.Land Enclosure

• Enclosure: the process of taking over land that was shared by peasants

• Parliament wanted land to get more food production– Profits rose– More efficient – High unemployment

• Moved to the factories

Enclosed Lands Today

Population Growth

• Why would the population go up?– Changes in agriculture• Better crops More crops Healthier people• Better medicine practices • Declining death rate and rising birth rates

• 1700-120 million in Europe/1800-180 million

New Technology

• Coal becomes a new source of fuel = pollution

• Water wheels moved machines• James Watt – Developed the steam engine

• Iron– Abraham Darby used coal to

smelt- separate iron from the ore– Stronger iron

New Technology of This Era

Flying Shuttle

Power Loom

Steam Tractor

Steam Boat

Early Locomotive

Impact of the Railroad

Business Ideas?

• With a partner create a list of things you would need to start a business– Materials, buildings, etc.

• Next think of an new invention that would have a major impact on society

• Example- train, television

– Create a drafting of what the invention would look like

Section 3- Social Impact

• The rich got richer, while the poor got poorer

• Although, standards of living increased many worked and lived in poor, unsafe, unsanitary conditions

Urbanizationa. The movement of people to citiesb. Enclosurec. Population growth

(-Manchester 1750’s =17000, by 1780= 40,000)

With this huge pop. growth what impact will that have?d. Pollution of water and aire. Packed into tiny tenement

buildings, slums-no sanitation system,

garbage in streets.-no running water =

Cholera + diseases

Growth of Cities

New Social Classes-Wealthy

• Factory, railroad, mine owners

• Educated • Plenty of food • Good living conditions

• Looking at this cartoon what are some of your thoughts?

New Social Class-Bourgeois

• Industrial Middle Class– Rags to riches– Worked in factories – Lived in nice homes, with

water supplies– Fancy clothing – Women stayed at home

while the men worked– Servants, maids– Education for children– Viewed the poor as being

lazy

New Social Classes- Working Class

• Struggled • Lived in slums• No running water and

drank dirty water• Lived in their own filth– Spread of diseases

Factory Workers Homes

What does this cartoon represent?

What is this meaning?

Protests

• Labor Unions were illegal at this time– Why would they be illegal?

• Secret Unions– Wanted higher pay, better

working conditions

• Luddites- group of textile workers – Hated machines were

replacing them– Smashed machines and

burned factories

Workers and Religion

• Found comfort in Methodism

• John Wesley founded this in the mid 1700’s

• Goal-rekindle spirit, hope, self confidence, of working poor.– Set up Sunday schools =

education

The Factory and Mine Life• Different from farming

- 12-16 hour days, set schedule- No safety devices accidents/injuries- Breathing dirty air- No breaks many went to the bathroom where

they worked- No job security- get hurt, no work

Women Workers

• Women Workers-Much of industrial workforce-Preferred women workers

1. pay them less2. Easy to manage3. Adapt easier to

the machines-Poor mother had to balance roles.

Children Workers

• Could you imagine yourself working in a factory?

• Child labor-narrow mine shafts-quick & little fingers for textiles-children like parents “slaves to the machines”-beaten if idle-uneducated

Mine Workers

• Higher wages– Really bad working

conditions

• Working conditions– Black Lung– Dark– Explosion, flooding

Child Labor Reform

• Called the factory acts– Reduced work day to 12 hours!!!– Under the age of 9 you couldn’t work in mills

• Factory owners did not follow the law

Results of the Revolution• Unions, 1800’s helped

employees bargain.• Working class men

get the vote = voice• Spread all over the world.• Mass production

“Begins with great suffering, in the end it produces more material things for more people!”

Section 4-New Ways of Thinking

• Looked at natural laws and the impact with the Industrial Revolution– Adam Smith– Thomas Malthus– David Ricardo– Jeremy Bentham – John Stuart– Robert Owen – Karl Marx

Laissez Faire

• Adam Smith- Scottish philosopher and economist

• Wrote the Wealth of Nations• Business leaders took his idea of “Laissez-

faire” this hands off approach to business • Free Market- lower prices on goods reinvest

the extra money

Laissez-Faire Activity • All of us, making all kinds of choices, make up the invisible hand

that Adam Smith wrote about. We act in our own self-interest. Suppose you have a part-time job and are trying to set up a budget. After taxes and payroll deductions, your weekly take-home pay is $150. In setting up your budget, you must determine your short-term and long-term financial goals. Short-term goals would include your immediate expenses such as clothing, concert tickets, gas for the car you use, and eating out. Long-term goals might include saving money for a computer, saving for college, for a car, or for a summer trip.

• List your goals and the money you will budget for each. Use estimated prices of your items in order to budget properly. Be specific. What factors might cause you to redefine your goals and adjust your budget? Also, the world is a large market and goods you purchase maybe from a foreign country. Why would you choose a foreign product over a domestic product?

Thomas Malthus

• Population growth would outpace food supply.

• War, disease, and famine good = population control.

• Urged families to have fewer children

David Ricardo

• Iron Law of Wages

• ↑ wages↑more kids

• Would result in ↑ of labor supply ↓ wages

• Poverty is a never ending cycle

Utilitarians

• Utilitarianism-goal of society should be the greatest happiness for the greatest # of its citizens.

• Jeremy Bentham– society’s goal should be to

provide the above, with some gov’t involvement.

• John Stuart Mill– government intervention

was needed to improved lives of working class, free market is bad he said = poverty.

Socialist Thought

• Socialists felt laissez-faire created rich and poor classes

• People as a whole would own and operate the means of production– Farms, mines, factories

Robert Owen

• Attempted an utopia– New Lanark

• Belief– Good working

conditions, wages, and living areas

– Still make a profit– Education provided

Karl Marx • Believed utopias are

unrealistic • Get rid of social classes

– Produce for the whole

• “Father of communism”. German who hated capitalism. Free market bad, only benefits a few. Need classless society. .

• Proletariat (working class) will triumph overthrowing bourgeoisie, struggle is inevitable.

Communism*form of socialism*class struggle inevitable and will lead to the creation of a classless society in which all wealth & property would be owned by the community as a whole.

Marxism in the Future

• Social Democracy- political ideology in which there is a gradual shift from capitalism to socialism– Do you know any examples?

• End of the 20th century this political idea has lost popularity

Utopias

• When you hear the word Utopia, what do you think of?

• With 2-3 people create an Utopia– Requirements for the Utopia• Religion • Economic System• Educational System• Government • Legal System

Economic Systems

• Class will be broken into thirds • You will be given an economic system– Market, Central (Command), Mixed

• Read your section and the other systems – Compare and contrast – Be ready to state your case on why your economic

system is better