Industrial Revolution LT: I can describe the Industrial Revolution and how it impacted the transformation of industries today.

Industrial RevolutionLT: I can describe the Industrial Revolution and how it impacted the transformation of industries today.

Key Takeaways (things to take notes on):

1. What is the Industrial Revolution?2. Where and when did it start?3. Where and how did it diffuse?4. What were the key developments? (There will be 4!)5. What were the effects? (There will be 6!)6. What is the Industrial Revolution?7. Where and when did it start?8. Where and how did it diffuse?9. What were the key developments? (There will be 4!)10.What were the effects? (There will be 6!)

Pre-Industrialization

People had made goods for THOUSANDS of years before the industrial revolution.• Things were made SLOWLY and all BY HAND. (low productivity)• WORKMEN handled all facets of production > different quality

goods.• Guilds created production STANDARDS, but prices were HIGH

The Industrial Revolution

A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.

Birthplace: Great BritainWhy did it begin in Great Britain?

● CAPITALIST system

● Higher education than most countries at this time

● Advancements like Jethro Tull’s seed drill (1701) improved productivity on farms, so less people had to work on the farms

Industrial Revolution (continued)

● For the first time in history:

○ Things were made QUICKLY (high productivity), mostly by machine

○ Workers handled one specific task

○ Large quantities of goods were produced (MASS production)

○ FACTORIES made similar goods with same production standards

- products decrease in prices due to competition

Early Diffusion

● EASTWARD to Belgium, France, and Germany in the early 1800s

● Diffused to the US in the early 1800s○ 8,000 spindles of textiles in 1808 > 80,000 by

1811.○ By Civil War, US was world’s 2nd largest power.

● Further DIFFUSION to Italy, Netherlands, Russia, and Sweden by late 1800s

Diffused quickly because of advanced transportation systems!

Key Developments

1. James Watt patents the STEAM ENGINE in 1769• WOOD replaces running water as source of energy.• CHANGES location of machinery It was located by

running water STREAMS AND RIVERS. • Now it can be located wherever WOOD exists (more

flexibility)

2. Other industries arise from IRON industry.

• Wood becomes scarce

• factories move to coal fields

• Growing need to transport coal and iron

3. Rise of RAILROADS

• Easy transportation of goods & people across country

4. Rise of TEXTILE industry:

• COTTON FIBER spun into thread (inefficient by hand; efficient by machine)

• THREAD woven into cloth with power looms in large factories.

Effects of the Industrial Revolution

1. ECONOMIC: • More goods at lower prices, due to mass production

2. SOCIAL: Available labor leaves farms and clusters in cities. Growth of inner cities.• Urban pollution• Canned food (encourages a new industry)• Reduced availability of fresh fruits and vegetables.

Effects of the Industrial Revolution..Cont.

3. POLITICAL: Surplus in labor• Mistreated workers (rise of

labor unions)• Child Labor laws• Safety Regulation laws• liberalism and communism

become more popular

Effects of the Industrial Revolution..Cont.

4. TECHNOLOGY & TRANSPORTATION● Railroads & canals helped to diffuse the IR

○ enabled factories to attract many workers○ easier to ship goods to consumers○ made it easier to bring in bulk raw materials like

iron & coal● Growth of trade● Rise in immigration (easier to transport people)

Effects of the Industrial Revolution..Cont.

5. AGRICULTURE: Second agricultural revolution• Increased productivity• Use of machinery - Time saving devices (ex: plow)• Rise in larger farms - enclosures

Effects of the Industrial Revolution..Cont.

6. DEMOGRAPHIC: Caused movement from stage 1 to stage 2 of DTM.

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