Page 1
The Industrial Revolution
Page 2
Industrial Revolution?
• Sudden?
• Meaning?
• Costs vs. Benefits?
Page 3
Economic Productivity
• Cotton textiles, iron, steam engine
Page 4
Prerequisites
• Agricultural expansion
• Transportation
Page 6
Pontcysyllte Aqueduct
Page 8
Availability of Capital
• Empire matters
• Investors looking for solidity, not bubbles
• Reinvestment of profits
Page 9
Inventiveness
• Inventors
• Attitude
• Enlightenment
Page 10
Natural Resources
• Coal, iron, water
Page 11
What made Britain different?
• Single common market
• Common coinage
• Common system of weights and measures
• No internal tolls
• Lack of regulation
Page 12
Labor Mobility
• Geographically
• Socially
Page 14
Dissenters’ Schools
• Modern curriculum
• Business open
Page 15
Dissenting innovators
• Thomas Newcomen
• James Watt
Page 16
Costs
• Old jobs lost
• Societal disruption (mass society)
• Emphasis on punctuality
• Consumer culture
• Pollution
Page 17
Benefits
• Work load eases
• Material goods
Page 18
Process vs. Span of Time
Page 19
The Period
• Poverty just more noticeable?
• Population growth and urbanization
Page 20
Conclusions
• Mechanical labor replaces human labor
• Change made permanent
• Expectation of progress
• Division of labor
• Socialism
• Science weds industry