Industrial revolution

The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 1790s to 1860s where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the social, economic and cultural conditions of the times. It began in the United Kingdom, then subsequently spread throughout Western Europe, North America, Japan, and eventually the world.

The causes of the Industrial Revolution were complicated and

remain a topic for debate, with some historians believing that

the Revolution was an outgrowth of social and institutional

changes brought by the end of feudalism in Britain after the English Civil War in the 17th century.

As national border controls became more effective, thespread of disease was lessened, thereby preventing the epidemics common in previous times. The percentage ofchildren who lived past infancy rose significantly, leading to a

larger workforce. 

The UK was the first to conduct a series of transformations that placed it the head of every country in the world. Changes in agriculture, the population, transport, technology and industries, favoured industrial development. 

The cotton textile industry was the leading sector inindustrialisation and the basis of capital accumulation which

broke through in to second phase, the steel and railroad

industry.

•Agricultural:the Norfolk system, new crops and the private territory. •Steam power:The improved steam engine invented by James Watt and patented in 1775 •Iron making:In the Iron industry, coke was finally applied to all stages of iron smelting, replacing charcoal.

Railway network. First steam locomotive by Stephenson(1829)

Steamboat.

One new social class: bourgeoisie Industrial capitalism. The proletariat The rise of the middle class Rural exodus.

Marxism and socialism: They denounced the exploitation of the working classes.

The Marxists proposed the creation  of the first socialist workers' parties.

Anarchism: There were three principal thinkers (Proudhon, Bakunin, Kropotkin) who have 3 basic principles: individual freedom, the protection of collective property , and the rejection of authority.

They were opposed to participating in political life.