India -British Colony -Indian Nationalist Movement -Britain votes to grant India independence -debate between Muslim minority and Hindu Majority over land.

India

- British Colony

- Indian Nationalist Movement

- Britain votes to grant India independence

- debate between Muslim minority and Hindu Majority over land

The Partition of India

- 1947 (August 15)

- Muslims wanted their own nation

- Riots broke out over plan to divide India

- Muslims moved into northwestern territory of India and named their nation Pakistan

- Hindu population dominated India

Mohandas K. Gandhi - led movement to gain

independence from Britain

- Used non-violent techniques to bring about change and restore peace (Satyagraha)

- did not want India divided, wished for all Indians to stay unified

- was assassinated in 1948

India Today

Currency

Monetary unit: Rupee

1 US Dollar = 43 Rupees

1 Rupee = 100 Paise

Language

Hindi and English

Population

- over a billion citizens, 2nd most populated nation in the world!

- Majority is Hindu 82%- Minority - Muslim 12%

- Christian 2.3%- Due to lack of agricultural jobs, many citizens have

moved into cities- Overcrowding- poor living conditions

- lack of basic services: water, sewage

Economy- British built railroads are main transportation

- focus on farming “Green Revolution”

- #1 producer of Cotton

- Heavy Industry

Social Change1. Caste system

2. Family life- big emphasis on family

3. Marriage

- Arranged by parents

- Boys age 21, girls age 18

- Dowry system: Groom ask Brides family

for $$ or car, appliance, etc

Education

- big emphasis on education in India- system is based on British model- One school building for (K-10th grade)- 1 Room per grade (all 10th in one class)

Board Exam- exam that determines whether you get to go to

college or not, if you fail then you join the work force or retake.

- Families desire to send their children to the US for college education.

Sports National Sport is Cricket

- similar to baseball

- 11 players per team

- 2 innings (600 pitches)

Pakistan

East and West Pakistan were separated by India, both were Muslim nations but very different in culture.

- 1971 East Pakistan became independent and changed their name to Bangladesh

TODAY

- West Pakistan = Pakistan

- East Pakistan = Bangladesh

Pakistan- Military run nation,

semi-democracy

- President Pervez Musharraf

- emphasis on farming and heavy industry

- tried to take the Muslim province of Kashmir away from India

Conflict

- Pakistan and India don’t get along very well

- US gave economic and military support to Pakistan during the Cold War

- There have been several wars between India and Pakistan over the province of Kashmir

Going Nuclear 1974 – India test their first nuclear weapon and becomes a nuclear world power

- in response, Pakistan sought to purchase the same technology

1998 – Pakistan gets their first nuke, both nations test weapons and almost go to war

- Relations between India and Pakistan have improved, but the threat of constant war is ever-present.