Impact of Bentonite-CMC Drill-In Fluids on Slug Tests in ... · The. head. response is exponentially decaying in time (head. data. shown are from direct-mud rotary drilled well 7354,

WhatWhat do do overdampedoverdamped slugslug teststests telltell usus aboutabout??AboutAbout

AquiferAquifer

ParametersParameters

oror

aboutabout

FlowFlow

ProcessesProcesses??

ClassicalClassical HvorslevHvorslev--StyleStyle SlugSlug Test Analysis Test Analysis forfor Well 7354Well 7354Well Performance Well Performance TestingTesting at Well 7354at Well 7354SlugSlug Test Test AnalysesAnalyses AcknowledgingAcknowledging Formation Formation DamageDamageSummarySummary

________________________________________________________________

AssessingAssessing

thethe

Impact of Impact of BentoniteBentonite--CMCCMC

DrillDrill--InIn

FluidsFluids

on on SlugSlug

Tests in Tests in HighHigh--PermeabilityPermeability

AquifersAquifers

M.A. M.A. ZennerZenner--

Free University of Berlin Free University of Berlin --

presentedpresented

at at thethe

6565thth

Canadian Canadian GeotechnicalGeotechnical

ConferenceConference

--

GeoManitobaGeoManitobaSeptember 30 September 30 ––

OctoberOctober

3, 2012, 3, 2012, WinnipeqWinnipeq, , ManitobaManitoba

____________________________________________________

0 25 50 75 100 125 150Time (sec.)

0.0001

0.0010

0.0100

0.1000

1.0000

Nor

mal

ized

Hea

d H

(t)/H

o

0 50 100 150 200 250 300Time (sec.)

0.0010

0.0100

0.1000

1.0000

Nor

mal

ized

Hea

d H

(t)/H

o

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35Time (sec.)

0.0100

0.1000

1.0000

Nor

mal

ized

Hea

d H

(t)/H

oDiagnostics: Aquifer Parameters vs. Flow Processes__________________________________________________________

WhatWhat

do do overdampedoverdamped

slugslug

teststests

telltell

usus

aboutabout??

________________________________________________________________

SubsequentlySubsequently, , thisthis

characteristiccharacteristic

isis lookedlooked

at in at in moremore

detail.detail.

convex

concave

linear

TheThe

ClassicalClassical

Model of Model of HvorslevHvorslev

(1951)(1951)

________________________________________________________________

)/( 2

0)( rc FktreHtH π−⋅=

Classical Hvorslev-Style Slug Test Analysis for Well 7354__________________________________________________________

--

TheThe

headhead

responseresponse

isis

exponentiallyexponentially

decayingdecaying

in timein time((headhead

datadata

shownshown

areare

fromfrom

directdirect--mudmud

rotaryrotary

drilleddrilled

well 7354well 7354, Berlin)., Berlin).

--

TheThe

aquiferaquifer

hydraulichydraulic

conductivityconductivity

isis

determineddetermined

fromfrom

thethe

slopeslope

of aof asemisemi--logarithmiclogarithmic

HvorslevHvorslev--stylestyle

plotplot..

0 25 50 75 100 125 150Time (sec.)

0.0001

0.0010

0.0100

0.1000

1.0000

Nor

mal

ized

Hea

d H

(t)/H

o

linear

Classical Hvorslev-Style Slug Test Analysis for Well 7354__________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

135.00

159.00

150.00

146.00

144.00

clay seal

clay seal

148.00

Well 7354

136.10

137.70

Well 7354

149.00

145.00

pvc-casingr = 0.05454 mc

pvc-screenr = 0.05454 mslot width = 0.5 mmfilter sand 1.0 - 2.0 mm

s

r = 0.165 mD

fines-prevention filter0.7 - 1.2 mm

fines-prevention filter0.7 - 1.2 mm

159.00

Oligocene,fine sand, siltyOligocene, silt,fine-sandy

158.30

152.60

148.10

Miocene,medium sand,fine-sandy

Miocene,coarse sand,medium-sandy

Miocene, clay,silty

Miocene,coarse sand,medium-sandy

A A HvorslevHvorslev--StyleStyle

Analysis Analysis YieldsYields::

-->>

kkrr

= 9.3= 9.3**1010--55

m/sec.m/sec.

((HvorslevHvorslev‘‘ss

casecase

no. 8 no. 8 withwith

B=4.0 m, B=4.0 m, kkrr

/k/kzz

=4=4))

-->>

kkrr

= 2.7= 2.7**1010--55

m/sec.m/sec.

((HvorslevHvorslev‘‘ss

casecase

no. 9 no. 9 withwith

M=B=14.9 m)M=B=14.9 m)

-->>

TheThe

hydraulichydraulic

conductivityconductivity

isis

tootoosmallsmall

forfor

coarsecoarse//mediummedium

sandsand!!

-->>

IsIs

therethere

a a betterbetter

way of way of analyzinganalyzingthethe

datadata??

-->>

LetLet‘‘ss

looklook

at at skinskin

effectseffects

firstfirst!!

A Well Performance Test Analysis A Well Performance Test Analysis YieldsYields::

-->>

kkrr

= 1.14= 1.14**1010--33

m/sec. m/sec. ((assumedassumed: k: krr

/k/kzz

=4, S = 2=4, S = 2**1010--44))((fromfrom

superpositionsuperposition

recoveryrecovery

plotplot))

-->>

EstimatedEstimated

linear well linear well lossloss

coefficientcoefficient: : BB22

= 2119 sec./m= 2119 sec./m22

RespectiveRespective

mechanicalmechanical

skinskin

factorfactor: : SSww

= 58.6= 58.6((fromfrom

superpositionsuperposition

drawdowndrawdown

plotplot))

-->>

TheThe

bentonitebentonite--cmccmc

drilldrill--inin

fluidfluid

in in conjunctionconjunction

withwiththethe

employedemployed

directdirect--mudmud

rotaryrotary

drillingdrilling

techniquetechnique

has has likelylikely

causedcaused

thisthis

formationformation

damagedamage

Well Performance Testing at Well 7354__________________________________________________________

0 15 30 45 60 4

H5 = Σ (Qi-Qi-1)*ln(t-ti-1) - Q4*ln(t-t4) (m3/h) i=1

0.00

0.04

0.08

0.12

0.16

0.20

Res

idua

l Dra

wdo

wn

s r(r

D,t)

(m) Residual drawdown

sr(rD,t) = 0.00133*H5 - 0.00496

0 2 4 6 8 10Pumping Rate Q (m3/h)

210220230240250260270280

Rat

e-D

epen

dent

Ski

nS(

Q) (

-)Rate-dependent Skin FactorsS(Q) = 4.5711*Q + 226.38

________________________________________________________________0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Time (h)

0

5

10

15

20

Production Rate (m

3/h)Production RateDrawdown

0

2

4

6

8

Dra

wdo

wn

(m)

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

0 2 4 6 8 10

Σ(Qi-Qi-1)/QN*ln(t-ti-1)

0.500.550.600.650.700.750.80

s(r D

,t)/Q

(t)

(h/m

2 ) Intercepts αN 4th drawdown phase

1st drawdownphase

________________________________________________________________

Slug Test Analyses Acknowledging Formation Damage__________________________________________________________

ConceptualizationConceptualization

of Formation of Formation DamageDamage

forfor

SlugSlug

Test AnalysisTest Analysis

--

DamageDamage

typestypes

#1, #2, and #3#1, #2, and #3representrepresent

cylindricallycylindrically

concon--

vergentvergent

flowflow..--

DamageDamage

typetype

#4 #4 representsrepresents

sphericallyspherically

convergentconvergent

flowflow..

-->>

CanCan

thethe

hydraulichydraulic

parapara--metersmeters

fromfrom

well well perforperfor--

mancemance

testingtesting

bebe

usedused

totoverifyverify

formationformation

damagedamage

byby

slugslug

test test analysesanalyses??

Radial Radial FlowFlow

Model of Model of HyderHyder

et al. (1994)et al. (1994)

________________________________________________________________

Slug Test Analyses Acknowledging Formation Damage__________________________________________________________

0 25 50 75 100 125 150Time (sec.)

1x10-4

1x10-3

1x10-2

1x10-1

1x100

Nor

mal

ized

Hea

d H

(t)/H

o

Slug Test ST-7354-8Slug Test ST-7354-9Model of Hyder et al. (1994)

Late-timemismatch

--

AssumingAssuming

kkrr

= 1.14= 1.14**1010--33

m/sec., km/sec., krr

/k/kzz

=4, and S = 2=4, and S = 2**1010--44

simulationssimulations

of of slugslug

teststests

cancan

bebe

mademade

to to collapsecollapse

ontoonto

thethe

shownshown

responseresponse

curvecurve

forfor

damagedamage

typestypes

#1, #2, #1, #2, and #3 and #3 usingusing

realisticrealistic

skinskin

permeabilitiespermeabilities, , respectivelyrespectively!!

-->>

CanCan

thethe

slightslight

latelate--timetime

misfitmisfit

bebe

removedremoved

byby

applicationapplication

of of alternatealternate

modelsmodels??

NonlinearNonlinear

HvorslevHvorslev--StyleStyle

Model of Model of ZennerZenner

(2006)(2006)

________________________________________________________________

Slug Test Analyses Acknowledging Formation Damage__________________________________________________________

SphericalSpherical

FlowFlow

Model of Model of BarkerBarker

(1988)(1988)

0 25 50 75 100 125 150Time (sec.)

1x10-4

1x10-3

1x10-2

1x10-1

1x100

Nor

mal

ized

Hea

d H

(t)/H

o

Slug Test ST-7354-8Slug Test ST-7354-9Case 1 / ra = rD = 0.165 mCase 2 / ra = rc = 0.05454 mCase 3 / ra = 0.052 m

( ) 0),(2

22

2

2

2

=−⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛+−⎟

⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛β+α− gH

dtdH

FkrBrg

dtdH

dtdHH

dtHdH

r

cc

ππ

( )[ ]{ }1110 1L)(

−−− ++= qSqsttHtH wcsc

-->>

For For sufficientlysufficiently

smallsmall

rraa

, , thethe

headhead

decaysdecaysexponentiallyexponentially

in time, in time, eveneven

ifif

S S isis

large!large!

Simulation Simulation shownshown

forfor

HvorslevHvorslev‘‘ss

casecase

no. 9 and:no. 9 and:kkrr

= 1.14= 1.14**1010--33

m/sec.,m/sec.,

BB22

= 2119 sec./m= 2119 sec./m22, , B = 14.9 m

EstimatedEstimated

sphericalspherical

screenscreen

radiusradius: : rraa

= 0.052 m= 0.052 m((kksphericalspherical

= (k= (krr

22kkzz

))1/31/3

= 0.718= 0.718××1010--33

m/sec.,m/sec.,

S = 2S = 2**1010--44))

0 25 50 75 100 125 150Time (sec.)

1x10-4

1x10-3

1x10-2

1x10-1

1x100

Nor

mal

ized

Hea

d H

(t)/H

o

Slug Test ST-7354-8Slug Test ST-7354-9Model of Zenner (2006)

SummarySummary

and and TakeTake--HomeHome

MessagesMessages

________________________________________________________________

Summary__________________________________________________________

SlugSlug testingtesting tellstells usus aboutabout aquiferaquifer parametersparameters andand governinggoverning flowflow processesprocesses!!

A linear A linear headhead decaydecay in a in a HvorslevHvorslev--stylestyle plotplot indicatesindicates DarcianDarcian flowflow::--

negligiblenegligible

aquiferaquifer

storagestorage

--

significantsignificant

formationformation

damagedamage

/ / sphericalspherical

flowflow

entryentry

intointo

thethe

well (/6/, /15/)well (/6/, /15/)-->>

favorfavor

airair--liftlift

drillingdrilling

overover

directdirect--mudmud

rotaryrotary

drillingdrilling

whenwhen

installinginstalling

waterwater

wellswells

A A convexconvex headhead decaydecay in a in a HvorslevHvorslev--stylestyle plotplot indicatesindicates DarcianDarcian flowflow::--

significantsignificant

aquiferaquifer

storagestorage

--

an an imperfectlyimperfectly

sealedsealed

well / well / risingrising

backgroundbackground

headhead

trendstrends

-->>

staticstatic

levellevel

in in thethe well well maymay

notnot

representrepresent

piezometricpiezometric

levellevel

in in thethe

aquiferaquifer

(/2/, /3/, /4/, /11/)(/2/, /3/, /4/, /11/)

A A concaveconcave headhead decaydecay in a in a HvorslevHvorslev--stylestyle plotplot maymay indicateindicate nonnon--DarcianDarcian flowflow::--

dominant dominant nonlinearnonlinear

flowflow

(/9/, /10/, /13/, /14/).(/9/, /10/, /13/, /14/).

--

an an imperfectlyimperfectly

sealedsealed

well / well / fallingfalling

backgroundbackground

headhead

trendstrends

-->>

staticstatic

levellevel

in in thethe well well maymay

notnot

representrepresent

piezometricpiezometric

levellevel

in in thethe

aquiferaquifer

(/2/, /3/, /4/, /11/)(/2/, /3/, /4/, /11/)

------ Backup Backup ------

________________________________________________________________

Schematic of a Slugged Fully Penetrating Well__________________________________________________________

rs

H(t)

pr

rc

D

land surface

zLp 0

static level

M = B

________________________________________________________________

Schematic of a Slugged Well with Spherical Screen__________________________________________________________

rs

H(t)

rc

D

ground level

z 0

static level

ra

H0

CCooperooper--BBredehoeftredehoeft--PPapadopulosapadopulos

(CBP) Model (1967):(CBP) Model (1967):

________________________________________________________________

duSrTtu

uurSr

HtH

scs

⎪⎪

⎭

⎪⎪

⎬

⎫

⎪⎪

⎩

⎪⎪

⎨

⎧

−∫∞

Δ⋅⋅=

22

222 exp18)(

00π

TheThe ClassicalClassical SlugSlug Test Model ofTest Model ofCooper, Cooper, BredehoeftBredehoeft & & PapadopulosPapadopulos (1967) and (1967) and ItsIts ImplicationsImplications__________________________________________________________

The The rightright--handhand

sideside

isis

independent of Hindependent of H00

!!TheThe

headhead

responseresponse

isis

convexconvex

in a in a HvorslevHvorslev--stylestyle

semisemi--logarithmiclogarithmic

formatformat

withwith

responseresponse

curvescurves

collapsingcollapsing

ontoonto

a a uniqueunique

curvecurve

forfor

increasingincreasing

magnitudemagnitude

of of thethe initialinitial

displacementdisplacement

HH00

..

________________________________________________________________

The Extended Nonlinear Hvorslev-Style Slug Test Model ofZenner (2006) and Its Implications__________________________________________________________

( )dtdH

dtdHrC

FkBrg

dtHd

rrDBL

rrzH

pp

cr

cs

cp

p

c⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛++−⎟

⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛⎥⎦⎤

⎢⎣⎡ ++

⎥⎥⎦

⎤

⎢⎢⎣

⎡−++−

−−

112

22

2

2

2

2

2

2

01

831 ππ

20

5

4

5

422

2221

221

⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛⎥⎥⎦

⎤

⎢⎢⎣

⎡⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛ +−++−+−⎟⎟

⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛+

dtdH

dtdHsign

rHLz

fr

DrfrrL

fBr

r

c

pc

s

cs

p

cpp

s

clossξ

A A NonlinearNonlinear

HvorslevHvorslev--stylestyle

Model Model VariantVariant

((ZennerZenner, 2006):, 2006):

0=− gH

TheThe

headhead

responseresponse

isis

concaveconcave

oror

linear in a linear in a HvorslevHvorslev--stylestyle

semisemi--logarithmiclogarithmic

formatformat

withwith responseresponse

curvescurves

potentiallypotentially

shiftedshifted

towardtoward

larger larger timestimes

forfor

increasingincreasing

magnitudemagnitude

of of thethe

initialinitial

displacementdisplacement

HH00

..

________________________________________________________________

The Transient Nonlinear Slug Test Model ofZenner (2008) and Its Implications__________________________________________________________

( )dtdH

dtdHrCBrg

dtHd

rrDBL

rrzH

pp

ccs

cp

p

c⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛+−⎟

⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛⎥⎦⎤

⎢⎣⎡ ++

⎥⎥⎦

⎤

⎢⎢⎣

⎡−++−

−−

112

22

2

2

2

2

2

2

0 831 ππ

20

5

4

5

422

2221

221

⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛⎥⎥⎦

⎤

⎢⎢⎣

⎡⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛ +−++−+−⎟⎟

⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛+

dtdH

dtdHsign

rHLz

fr

DrfrrL

fBr

r

c

pc

s

cs

p

cpp

s

clossξ

A A TransientTransient

NonlinearNonlinear

SlugSlug

Test Model (Test Model (ZennerZenner, 2008):, 2008):

ThisThis

slugslug

test test modelmodel

forfor

finitefinite--diameterdiameter

fullyfully

penetratingpenetrating

wellswells

coverscovers

thethe

entireentire

rangerange

of of underdampedunderdamped

to to overdampedoverdamped

headhead

responsesresponses

withwith

responseresponse

curvescurves

potentiallypotentially

shiftedshifted

towardtoward

larger larger timestimes

forfor

increasingincreasing

magnitudemagnitude

of of thethe

initialinitial

displacementdisplacement

HH00

..

( )

[ ] 0)2()2(

12 0

21

21

3

4

02

2

2

2 2

2

=+

−−− ∫∫

∞−

−

τ∂τ∂

π

τ

dxdxYxJx

eHT

grgHDSr

xtTt

c

TheThe

Model of Model of BarkerBarker

(1988):(1988):

________________________________________________________________

TheThe SphericalSpherical FlowFlow SlugSlug Test Model ofTest Model ofBarkerBarker (1988) and (1988) and ItsIts ImplicationsImplications__________________________________________________________

The The rightright--handhand

sideside

isis

independent of Hindependent of H00

!!TheThe

headhead

responseresponse

isis

convexconvex

oror

linear in a linear in a HvorslevHvorslev--stylestyle

semisemi--logarithmiclogarithmic

formatformat

withwith

responseresponse

curvescurves

collapsingcollapsing

ontoonto

a a uniqueunique

curvecurve

forfor

increasingincreasing

magnitudemagnitude

of of thethe initialinitial

displacementdisplacement

HH00

..

( )⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛+

−≈wc St

tH

tH1

exp)(

0

( )[ ]{ }111

0

1L)( −−− ++= qSqsttH

tHwcsc

For For smallsmall

t, St, Sss

, , rraa

oror

large large kksphericalspherical

, , SSww

::

__________________________________________________________________________________________

If If rraa

is sufficiently small the head is is sufficiently small the head is exponentially decaying, even if the aquifer exponentially decaying, even if the aquifer storage capacity is significant!storage capacity is significant!

aspherical

cc

spherical

asaa rk

rtk

rStstq4

122

==+=

s = s = LaplaceLaplace

variablevariable

Superposition Superposition RecoveryRecovery

Data Data YieldYield

kkrr

::

________________________________________________________________

Determination of Skin Determination of Skin EffectsEffects fromfrom SuperpositionSuperposition__________________________________________________________

0 15 30 45 60 4

H5 = Σ (Qi-Qi-1)*ln(t-ti-1) - Q4*ln(t-t4) (m3/h) i=1

0.00

0.04

0.08

0.12

0.16

0.20

Res

idua

l Dra

wdo

wn

s r(r

D,t)

(m) Residual drawdown

sr(rD,t) = 0.00133*H5 - 0.00496

0 2 4 6 8 10

Σ(Qi-Qi-1)/QN*ln(t-ti-1)

0.500.550.600.650.700.750.80

s(r D

,t)/Q

(t)

(h/m

2 ) Intercepts αN 4th drawdown phase

1st drawdownphase

0 2 4 6 8 10Pumping Rate Q (m3/h)

210220230240250260270280

Rat

e-D

epen

dent

Ski

nS(

Q) (

-)Rate-dependent Skin FactorsS(Q) = 4.5711*Q + 226.38

( ) ( ) ( )

Mk

ttQttQQtrs

r

iiii

Dr π4

lnln),(

44

4

111 ⎟

⎠

⎞⎜⎝

⎛−−−−

=∑=

−−

Superposition Superposition DrawdownDrawdown

Data Data YieldYield

SSww

::

( )∑=

−− −

−=

N

ii

N

ii

rN

D ttQ

QQMkQ

trs1

11 ln

41),(

π

MkQDS

SrMk

Mk r

Nt

D

r

r ππ 225.2ln

41

2

+++

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛−=+= 2

0

25.2ln

),(2)(

D

r

N

DrNtN Sr

MkQ

trsMkQDSQS π

MkS

Br

t

π22 =-->> pwt SSBMS +×=

-->>

TheThe

PseudoPseudo--Skin Skin FactorFactor

SSpp

duedue

to Partial Well to Partial Well CompletionCompletion

________________________________________________________________

The Pseudo-Skin Effect__________________________________________________________

FlowFlow

concentrationconcentration

at a at a partiallypartially

penetratingpenetrating

screenscreen

cancan

bebe

representedrepresented

byby

an additional an additional dimensionlessdimensionless

and and timetime--independentindependent

headhead

lossloss

2S2Spp

as as soonsoon

as as thethe

formationformation

startsstarts

to to respondrespond

overover

thethe

entireentire

aquiferaquifer

thicknessthickness..

Total Total raterate--independentindependent

skinskin

factorfactor

SStt

, , mechanicalmechanical

skinskin

factorfactor

SSww

, , pseudopseudo--skinskin

factorfactor

SSpp

, and , and linear well linear well lossloss

coefficientcoefficient

BB22

areare

relatedrelated

byby::

TheThe

linear well linear well lossloss

coefficientcoefficient

BB22

aggregatesaggregates

mechanicalmechanical

skinskin

and and pseudopseudo--skinskin

headhead

losseslosses..

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛⎥⎦⎤

⎢⎣⎡−⎥⎦

⎤⎢⎣⎡= ∑

∞

= Mkkr

nKMdn

Mln

nBMS rzs

np

/sinsin12

0

2

1222

2

ππππ

pwt SSBMS +×=

MkS

Br

t

π22 =

Simulation Simulation byby

thethe

Model of Model of ZennerZenner

(2008) ((2008) (pagepage

15):15):

________________________________________________________________

Slug Test Analyses Acknowledging Formation Damage__________________________________________________________

Simulation Simulation shownshown

forfor::kkrr

= 1.14= 1.14**1010--33

m/sec., S = 2m/sec., S = 2**1010--44, C = 0,, C = 0,

BB22

= 2119 sec./m= 2119 sec./m22, B = 14.9 m, B = 14.9 m

-->>

AccomodationAccomodation

of of formationformation

damagedamage

and partial and partial penetrationpenetration

effectseffects

byby

thethetotal total raterate--independentindependent

skinskin

factorfactor

SStt

yieldsyields

good good simulationsimulation

resultsresults

forfor

thethecurrentcurrent

slugslug

test test exampleexample..

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ReferencesReferences/1//1/

BarkerBarker, J.A. (1988). A , J.A. (1988). A GeneralizedGeneralized

Radial Radial FlowFlow

Model Model forfor

HydraulicHydraulic

Tests in Tests in FracturedFractured

Rock,Rock,Water Resources Research 24(10), pp. 1796Water Resources Research 24(10), pp. 1796––1804.1804.

/2//2/

ChapuisChapuis, R.P., Par, R.P., Paréé, J.J., and , J.J., and LavallLavallééee, J.G. (1981). In , J.G. (1981). In situsitu

variable variable headhead

permeabilitypermeability

teststests. . InInProceedingsProceedings

of of thethe

10th International 10th International ConferenceConference

on on SoilSoil

MechanicsMechanics

and and FoundationFoundation

Engineering,Engineering,Stockholm, Stockholm, SwedenSweden, , JuneJune

1515--19, Vol. 1, pp. 40119, Vol. 1, pp. 401--406.406./3//3/

ChapuisChapuis, R.P. (1988). , R.P. (1988). DeterminingDetermining

whetherwhether

wellswells

and and piezometerspiezometers

givegive

waterwater

levelslevels

oror

piezometricpiezometriclevelslevels. . In In GroundGround

waterwater

contaminationcontamination: : fieldfield

methodsmethods. American Society . American Society forfor

TestingTesting

and Materials,and Materials,Special Special TechnicalTechnical

PublicationPublication

STP 963, pp. 162STP 963, pp. 162--171.171./4//4/

ChapuisChapuis, R.P. (1998). , R.P. (1998). OverdampedOverdamped

SlugSlug

Test in Test in MonitoringMonitoring

Wells: Wells: ReviewReview

of Interpretation of Interpretation MethodsMethodswithwith

MathematicalMathematical, , PhysicalPhysical, and , and NumericalNumerical

Analysis of Analysis of StorativityStorativity

InfluenceInfluence, , CanCan. J. Geotech. J. 35,. J. Geotech. J. 35,pp. 697pp. 697--719.719.

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Cooper, H.H. Jr., J.D. Cooper, H.H. Jr., J.D. BredehoeftBredehoeft

& I.S. & I.S. PapadopulosPapadopulos

(1967). Response of a Finite Diameter Well to an(1967). Response of a Finite Diameter Well to anInstantaneousInstantaneous

Charge of Water, Water Resources Research 3(1), pp. 263Charge of Water, Water Resources Research 3(1), pp. 263––269.269.

/6//6/

DaxDax, A. (1987). A Note on the Analysis of Slug Tests, Journal of Hy, A. (1987). A Note on the Analysis of Slug Tests, Journal of Hydrology 91, pp. 153drology 91, pp. 153--177.177.

/7//7/

HvorslevHvorslev, M.J. (1951). Time Lag and Soil Permeability in Ground, M.J. (1951). Time Lag and Soil Permeability in Ground--Water Observations, Bulletin No.Water Observations, Bulletin No.36, of the Waterways Experiment Station, U.S. Army Corps of Engi36, of the Waterways Experiment Station, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA,neers, Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA,pp. 1 pp. 1 --

50.50./8//8/

HyderHyder, Z., , Z., Butler,J.JButler,J.J., Jr., ., Jr., McElweeMcElwee, C.D. & Liu, W. (1994). Slug Tests in Partially Penetrating Wel, C.D. & Liu, W. (1994). Slug Tests in Partially Penetrating Wells,ls,Water Resources Research 30(11), pp. 2945Water Resources Research 30(11), pp. 2945--2957.2957.

/9//9/

McElweeMcElwee, C.D. & , C.D. & ZennerZenner, M.A. (1998). A Nonlinear Model for Analysis of Slug, M.A. (1998). A Nonlinear Model for Analysis of Slug--Test Data, Test Data, Water Resources Research 34(1), pp. 55Water Resources Research 34(1), pp. 55--66.66.

References__________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

ReferencesReferences

((continuedcontinued))/10//10/

McElweeMcElwee, C.D. (2001). Application of a nonlinear slug test model, Groun, C.D. (2001). Application of a nonlinear slug test model, Ground Water 39(5), pp. 737d Water 39(5), pp. 737--744.744.

/11/ /11/ OstendorfOstendorf, D.W. & , D.W. & DeGrootDeGroot, D.J. (2010). Slug Tests in the Presence of Background Head Tre, D.J. (2010). Slug Tests in the Presence of Background Head Trends,nds,Ground Water 48(4), pp. 609Ground Water 48(4), pp. 609--613.613.

/12/ /12/ ZennerZenner, M.A. (2006). Zum Einfluss bohrlochinterner hydraulischer Verlu, M.A. (2006). Zum Einfluss bohrlochinterner hydraulischer Verluste auf Wasserstandsste auf Wasserstands--reaktionenreaktionen

PackerPacker--induzierterinduzierter

AuffAuffüülltests, Grundwasser 11(2), pp. 111lltests, Grundwasser 11(2), pp. 111--122.122.

/13/ /13/ ZennerZenner, M.A. (2008). Experimental Evidence of the Applicability of Col, M.A. (2008). Experimental Evidence of the Applicability of Colebrook and ebrook and BordaBorda

CarnotCarnot--type Head Loss Formulas in Transient Slug Test Analysis, ASCE, type Head Loss Formulas in Transient Slug Test Analysis, ASCE, Journal of Hydraulic EngineeringJournal of Hydraulic Engineering134(5), pp. 644134(5), pp. 644--651.651.

/14/ /14/ ZennerZenner, M.A. (2009). Near, M.A. (2009). Near--Well Nonlinear Flow Identified by Various Displacement Well RespWell Nonlinear Flow Identified by Various Displacement Well ResponseonseTesting, Ground Water 47(4), pp. 526Testing, Ground Water 47(4), pp. 526--535.535.

/15/ /15/ ZennerZenner, M.A. (2012). , M.A. (2012). AssessingAssessing

thethe

Impact of Impact of BentoniteBentonite--CMCCMC

DrillDrill--InIn

FluidsFluids

on on SlugSlug

Tests in HighTests in High--PermeabilityPermeability

AquifersAquifers, , ProceedingsProceedings

of of thethe

6565thth

Canadian Canadian GeotechnicalGeotechnical

ConferenceConference, Paper No. 294, , Paper No. 294, GeoManitobaGeoManitoba, September 30 , September 30 ––

OctoberOctober

3, Winnipeg, 3, Winnipeg, ManitobaManitoba..

References__________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

Acknowledgement__________________________________________________________

AcknowledgementAcknowledgement

TheThe

presentedpresented

workwork

was was supportedsupported

in in partpart

byby

thethe

German National ScienceGerman National ScienceFoundationFoundation

(DFG) (DFG) underunder

Grant No. PEGrant No. PE--362/24362/24--2. 2. TheThe

viewsviews

and and conclusionsconclusions

containedcontained

in in thisthis

presentationpresentation

areare

thosethose

of of thethe

authorauthor

and do and do notnot

necessarilynecessarilyreflectreflect

thethe

officialofficial

policiespolicies

oror

positionspositions, , eithereither

expressedexpressed

oror

impliedimplied, of , of thethe

German Government.German Government.

TheThe

authorauthor

wouldwould

likelike

to to thankthank

John John BarkerBarker

forfor

providingproviding

an an EXCELEXCEL--workbookworkbookimplementingimplementing

his his sphericalspherical

flowflow

slugslug

test test solutionsolution

givengiven

on on pagespages

8 and 16 of8 and 16 of

thisthis

presentationpresentation..