Changing Consumption Pattern of Pulses in India: Past Trends and Projections Supported by CRP 4: A4NH P.Kumar and P K Joshi International Food Policy Research Institute South Asia Regional Office, New Delhi 110 012 India E-mail: [email protected]Web: www.ifpri.org
The presentation is by P Kumar, IARI and P K Joshi, IFPRI from the one day workshop on ‘Pulses for Nutrition in India: Changing Patterns from Farm-to-Fork’ organized on Jan 14, 2014. The workshop is based on a few studies conducted by the International Food Policy Research Institute under the CGIAR’s Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health. These studies covered the entire domain of pulse sector in India from production to consumption, prices to trade, processing to value addition, and from innovations to the role of private sector in strengthening the entire pulse value chain. These studies were designed to better understand the drivers of changing dynamics of pulses in the value chain from farm-to-fork, and explore opportunities for meeting their availability through increased production, enhanced trade and improved efficiency.
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Changing Consumption Pattern of Pulses
in India: Past Trends and Projections Supported by CRP 4: A4NH
P.Kumar and P K Joshi
International Food Policy Research Institute
South Asia Regional Office, New Delhi 110 012 India
A gradual shift is taking place from traditional diets, dominated by cereals and pulses, to a dietary mix rich in high-value commodities (livestock, horticultural and processed food).
Pulse scenario is changing
International Food Policy Research Institute
Outline
Changing dietary pattern
Changing consumption of pulses
Sources of protein and contribution of pulses
Demand and supply projections and
gap
International Food Policy Research Institute
Data and approach
Data source
NSSO from 1988 to 2009
Period of study: 1988-2009
Classification of NSS data
Three income groups
Low income (Below poverty
line)
Middle income (PL to 150%
PL)
High income (above 150% PL)
Demography
Rural and Urban
State level
Classification by Farm
Size
<0.5 ha Sub-marginal
0.5-1.0 ha Marginal
1.0-2.0 ha Small farms
2.0-4.0 ha Medium
Farm
> 4.0 ha Large farms
International Food Policy Research Institute
CHANGING DIETARY PATTERN
I
Dietary diversification (kg/capita/annum)
Food item 1988 2009 % change
Rice 88.3 79.6 -9.9
Wheat 56.7 46.8 -17.5
Other cereals 22.1 6.8 -69.1
Total cereals 167.1 133.2 -20.3
Pulses 11.8 8.4 -28.8
Sugar 11.4 9.2 -19.9
Edible oils 5.2 8.4 62.5
Vegetables 52.4 87.2 66.4
Fruits 12.1 16.5 35.9
Milk 53.3 63.8 19.5
Meat, Fish & eggs 5.9 10.0 69.3
Dietary diversification (kg/capita/annum)
Food Commodity
Poor households Rich households
1988 2009 change,% 1988 2009 change,%
Rice 73.7 71.1 -3.5 99.6 82.5 -17.1
Wheat 46.8 42.8 -8.6 67.3 49.1 -27.0
Other cereals 25.3 7.7 -69.5 18.8 5.8 -69.2
Total cereals 145.8 121.6 -16.6 185.6 137.4 -26.0
Pulses 7.8 5.6 -28.1 16.4 10.3 -37.2
Edible oils 3.1 5.5 78.1 7.6 10.2 34.4
Vegetables 38.3 62.7 63.6 68.5 102.6 49.7
Fruits 5.3 5.0 -6.0 21.1 24.8 17.7
Milk 18.5 22.1 19.1 95.9 91.7 -4.4
Sugar 6.6 5.7 -13.1 17.2 11.3 -34.2
Meat, Fish & eggs 3.2 4.1 25.4 9.3 13.9 49.7
CHANGING PULSE CONSUMPTION
II
Annual per capita consumption of pulses (kg/annum)
• Pulse consumption of poor
(5.5 or 5.8 kg) is almost half
of rich (9.9 or 10.8 kg)
consumers
• Pulse consumption is
declining in all income
groups in rural and urban
– Decline is faster in urban than
rural
– Higher consumption in urban
than rural households
Income 1988 2009 %
Change
Rural
• Low 7.4 5.5 -25.5
• Medium 10.6 7.0 -34.7
• High 15.6 9.9 -36.1
• All 11.2 8.1 -27.8
Urban
• Low 8.7 5.8 -33.2
• Medium 11.8 7.4 -37.5
• High 16.5 10.8 -34.6
• All 12.5 8.9 -28.7
International Food Policy Research Institute
Dietary diversification of farmers (kg/capita/year)
0
5
10
15
20
< .5 ha 1-2 ha > 2 ha
9.3 11.5
16.6
7.9 8.5 10
1988 2009
Pulse consumption Pulse consumption declined in all
classes, more among large farmers
7.9 kg by marginal farmers than 10 kg
by large farmers
Milk consumption is more among
large farmers but increasing faster
in marginal farmers (63%) then
the large farmers (20%)
0
50
100
150
< .5 ha 1-2 ha > 2 ha
30.6 48.1
96.5
49.9
68
115.7
1988 2009
Milk consumption
Consumer segmentation of pulses, 2009 ( kg/capita/annum)
Low income
High income
Rural 5.5 9.9
Urban 5.8 10.8
Farmers 7.9 10.0
• Farmers in low
income category are
consuming more
pulses than the rural
& urban consumer
• All categories in
higher income are
consuming almost
same quantity
Product wise consumption of pulses (kg/capita/annum)
Year 1988 2009 % change
Chickpea 2.42 2.10 -13.22
Pigeon pea 3.11 2.15 -30.87
Green gram 1.58 1.02 -35.44
Lentil 1.70 1.16 -31.76
Black gram 1.24 0.93 -25.00
Yellow Peas 0.26 0.45 73.08
Soybean 0.04 0.08 100.00
Khesari (Lytherous) 0.31 0.49 58.06
All pulses & product 11.62 8.46 -27.19
Pigeon pea followed by chickpea are the most important pulses but their
consumption is declining
Consumption of cheap pulses (yellow pea, soybean and khesari) is increasing
Structural change in consumption of pulses in India (% share of pulses in total pulses)