Myanmar Pulses Production, Trade and Technology: Issues and Prospects • San Thein and San San Yi • Contact Email: [email protected]• Paper presented to “Pulses for Sustainable Agriculture and Human Health” • May 31- June 1, 2016 • IFPRI, NASC Complex, Pusa, New Delhi
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IFPRI- Myanmar Pulses Production, Trade and Technology - Issues and Prospects, San Thein
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Myanmar Pulses Production, Trade and Technology: Issues and Prospects
Comparative cost, labour productivity and grow margin in
cultivation of paddy, pulses and oil seed crops, 2015-1016
Source: Sergiy Zora, The World Bank, May 2016. Report Launch May 11, 2016,
Yangon, Myanmar.
Black gram yearly price movement in two markets vs. 5 Yr. average: E trade, 2015
Price movement, Yangon Year Yearly mean
Yangon market price of Black gram , USD/Mt
5- year average price, 2008-12
2008 443 631
2009 613 631
2010 842 631
2011 703 631
2012 553 631
2013 563 631
2014 Up to
October
724 631
Price movement, Mumbai Year Yearly mean
Mumbai market price of Black gram , USD/Mt
5- year average price, 2008-12
2008 569 755
2009 743 755
2010 1007 755
2011 836 755
2012 623 755
2013 610 755
2014 up
to October
788 755
Monthly mungbean price variation between Mumbai and
Yangon market from 2008 to 2014
Source: E trade, 2014 Nov:
Year Annualize
price volatility
2008 40.03 %
2009 36.99 %
2010 48.34 %
2011 22.15 %
2012 34.06 %
2013 28.02 %
2014 25.40 %
Annualize black gram price volatility in Yangon
from 2008 to 2014 (up to October)
E Trade, 2014
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Pulses Price (FOB Yangon), last week of every month, Jan 2015 to April, 2016, Soe Win Maung, 2016
Black gram Pigeon pea Green gram Chick pea
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr
USD
/mt
Pulses Price (FOB Yangon) , (Jan,2015 - Apr, 2016) mean monthly value, Soe Win Maung, 2016
Black gram Pigeon pea Green gram Chick pea
Effect of Indian Market Demand on Distribution of Myanmar Black gram Export by Month, 2015
• Soe Win Maung, 2016
Sudden High Rise of Indian Market Demand
• The characteristic of this budget year 2015-2016 is the record high surge of pulses prices due to Indian demand pull.
• It affected highest ever price level in Myanmar pulses market.
• In black gram, fob Yangon price reached its highest price level of 1,820 USD / Mt in October 2015, which is more than the double of price level of 860 USD / Mt in January, 2015.
• Likewise, pigeon pea price skyrocketed from 760 to 1,570 USD / Mt in the same period.
• As a result, distribution of pulses export showed faster and larger export occurred in the early marketing season in comparison with the regular trade pattern.
• The prices of other pulses showed not much fluctuated like black gram and pigeon pea.
Outlook for Pulse Export
• In previous years, Myanmar encountered widespread flood, abnormal hail storm, ElNino effect, stress of unfavourable soil moisture, etc.
• Pulses output in 2015-16 is estimated to decrease from 6.5 to 5.6 million Mt, by 8 % decline.
• Outlook for pulses production in Myanmar for 2016-2017 is to restore production around 6.1 million MT and to export about 1.3 million Mt.
• Promotion of export is one of major priority of the New Government. It aims to triple the export earning of the country this year.
Opportunities and Barriers
• In the new Democratic government, business environment becomes more favourable. Myanmar exporters can enjoy GSP benefits for the products of their country.
• But for most cases, there are still barriers such as fulfillment of the requirements in quality standard, SPS measures, certification, traceability system, etc.
• Trade financing and high transport costs, limited access to credit for business expansion must be4 areas of further improvement.
Comparison of Sowing Area and High Yielding Variety Area in 2014-2015 (Pulses)
Crop Sowing Area-ac
Sowing HYV-ac
Area %
Black Gram 2712,047 10,265 0.38
Green Gram 2899,154 14,361 0.50
Pigeon Pea 1529,136 32,853 2.15
Chick Pea
934,186
25,674
2.75
Ground nut 2346,187 32,256 14
Other Pulses > 0.02 %
Use of improved seed is severely limiting in pulses cultivation.
Yearly production of pulses seeds by Dept. of Agriculture
6254
3748
6412
2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014
25,016
14,992
25,648
2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 ac
(Seed Distribution) Acreage distributed with use of
seed.
Source-DOA
Total production of seed(in basket)
1 basket = 32 Kg
Way forward by Agriculture Department
• Enormous scope for introduction and replacement of old cultivars across pulse crops (BG, GG, Chick pea and PP)
• Strengthening formal/informal seed systems is the key for further enhancing quality productivity across all crops
• Tracking of seed entrepreneurs/capacity building and their seed multiplication process, learning lessons from those experiences is highly valuable
• Focused crop improvement for development of short-duration, disease resistant and climate smart cultivars/adaptation to climate change
Breeder Seeds
Foundation Seeds
Registered Seeds
DAR
Seed company
Normal farmers
Market demand, Consumer
Preference and local
Adaptability
Certified Seeds
DOA
Contact farmers
Seed Flow/ Procedure of Seed Production
DOA Proposed Public Private Partnership for Seed
PUBLIC SECTOR
DAR&DOA
Exte; Seed
National Seed
Committee
Seed Law
SEED CERTIFICATION BODY
Breeder seed
Foundation seed
Registered seed
Private Community Leading Companies (CS1)
Farmers Community Based Seed Multiplication (CS2, in VSB & FBS)
Seed marketing based on national and international demand
As for quality seed
Distribute with systematic Seed/ storage/ packaging
Seed Multiplication Technology by Seed/Ex;
Staffs-DOA
Pulses Consumption Pattern
• Monthly Household Expenditure Survey indicated that average monthly expenditure for pulses for the whole Union is 1.75 percent of total expenditure including food and non-food items. The monthly expenditure on pulses was highest in Mandalay Region (Dry Zone) and lowest in Rakhine State (Coastal region).
• Source: CSO (2012)
• High export demand has generated rural household income increase but its effect on small holder livelihood in the dry zone still is not well understood.
Stepping up from the Primary Industry Status?
• Pulses total are currently One Billion export earning crops for the country. BG or GG offers about 1,000 USD /Mt of output for farmer.
• Land resource allocation has led farmers to focus on monsoon paddy > pulses in post monsoon. It becomes more attractive to farmers as compared to sugarcane crop.
• However, pulses business offer low degree of agro-industrialization. Myanmar agriculture sector may remain as primary industry for some decades.