Gradual Earth Changes Sudden Earth Changes Landforms Natural Resources The Earth 100 200 300 400 500.

Gradual Earth

Changes

Sudden Earth

ChangesLandforms

Natural Resources

The

Earth

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The gradual breaking down of rock into smaller pieces by water and wind is called

Weathering

The movement of weathered particles is called

Erosion

Small particles of silt, sand, and soil are called

Sediment

A large mountain of ice that gradually travels downhill, changing the surface of the earth

as it goes, is called a

Glacier

When water gradually wears away rock underground, this can form.

A cave (or a sinkhole)

The movement of the earth’s plates can cause

Volcanoes and earthquakes

A mountain that forms as lava flows through a crack in earth’s surface is a

Volcano

A type of volcano that is made of layers of lava, rock and ash and erupts explosively

is a

Composite volcano or Stratovolcano

The shaking of earth’s surface due to the movement of rock in the crust is

An earthquake

When great amounts of soil and rock slide down a slope due to water and gravity or

an earthquake, it is called a

Landslide

When two of the earth’s plates meet, sometimes the edges crush and fold. This

creates

A mountain chain (or mountains)

Are landforms usually created by the earth changing rapidly or slowly?

Slowly

An area with higher land around it, and that stretches between mountains or hills is a

Valley

The Grand Canyon was caused by

Water erosion

Two landforms caused by the movement of sand and sediment are

Deltas and dunes

Naturally occurring materials that humans can use for energy, building, growing

crops, etc. are

Natural resources

Natural resources that cannot be replaced are called

Non-renewable resources

A type of soil that can be used to make bricks and pottery is

Clay

Sources of energy, such as coal and oil, that come from the remains of ancient oceans

or swampy forests are called

Fossil fuels

Two examples of hard rocks that can be used for building, statues, etc, are

Granite and marble

Earth has three main layers. They are:

The crust, the mantle, and the core

The earth’s crust is broken into sections called

Tectonic plates (or just plates)

Cracks in the earth’s crust are called

Faults

Melted rock within the earth is called

Magma

Scientists can predict earthquakes by using an instrument called a

Seismograph