Giáo trình thực hành phân tích công nghiệp 2 khoa hoá

• 1. TRNG CAO NG CNG NGHIP 4 KHOA HOGIO TRNH THC HNHPI-i! TCI- CIG XIG-IP 2H CAO NG V TRUNG CP Thnh ph H Ch Minh, 9 - 2004

2. Khoa Ha Go trnh thc hnh Phn tch Cng nghip 2MC LC Ni dung Trang Mc lc ................................................................................................................................. .. 1 Li m u ............................................................................................................................ .. 3 Ni quy phng thc tp Ha phn tch Cng nghip .............................................................. .. 4 Mn hc: Thc hnh Ha phn tch cng nghip 2 ............................................................... .. 5 CHNG 1: PHN TCH CAO SU ........................................................................................... ..7 Bi 1: Xc nh hm lng cht bay hi ............................................................................... .. 7 Bi 2: Xc nh hm lng Nit .................. .. Bi 3: Xc nh hm lng tro trong cao Su thin nhin ..................................................... ., 11 Bi 4: Xc nh tng hm Ing cht rn trong cao su latex ............................................... .. 12 Bi 5: Xc nh hm lng ng bng phng php quang ph trong Cao su latex ............ .. 13 Bi 6: Xc nh hm lng Mangan phng php hp t11u quang ph ca Natri periodat trong cao Su latex ......................................................................................................................... .. 16 CHNG 2: PHN TCH CHT TY RA... ....... ..20 Bi 1: Xc nh NazO v S102 trong N atris1iCat nguyn llu sn Xuat Chat tay ra20 Bi 2: Xc nh Las nguyn liu sn Xut Cht ty ra .22 Bi 3: Xc nh NaOH nguyn liu sn xut cht ty ra ................................... .. 23 Bi 4: Xc nh Na5P3010 v NazS04 nguyn liu sn Xut cht ty ra ............................. .. 24 Bi 5: Xc nh hm lng Photphat trong bt git ............................................................. .. 26 Bi 6: Xxc nh pH - cht bay hi - cht khng tan trong bt git ................................... .. 27 Bi 7: Phn tch hm lng Glycerin V Cacbonat trong kem nh rng ............................ .. 29 Bi 8: Xc nh hm lng Natri Cacbonat .......................................................................... ., 31 Bi 9: Xc nh hm lng cht hot ng b mt .............................................................. .. 32 CHNG 3: PHN TCH GIY .............................................................................................. ..35 Bi 1: Xc nh pH nc Chit ca giy v bt giy ........................................................... .. 35 Bi 2: Xc nh tinh bt trong giy .................................................................................... .. 37 Bi 3: Xc nh tro trong giy v bt giy ...................................................................... .. 41 CHNG 4: PHN TCH DU KH ....................................................................................... ..43 Bi 1: n mn tm ng ASTM D130 (Copper strip Corrosion) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 43 Bi 2: Xc nh im nh git ca m nhn ASTM D566 (droppng point Of grease) ....... .. 47 Bi 3: Xc nh nhit Chp chy cc kn ASTM D56 (Hash point closed Cup)50 Bi 4: Xc nh nhit Chp Chy Cc h ASTM D92 (flash point Open Cup) .................. .. 53 Bi 5: Xc nh xuyn kim ca m ASTM D217 .......................................................... .. 56 Bi 6: Xc nh Ch s mu Saybolt (Saybolt corlor) ......... .......... .. 60 CHNG 5: VT LIU DT - NHUM PHNG PHP XC NH BN MU ...... ..63 Bi 1: Xc nh bn mu vi git kh ............................................................................ .. 63 Bi 2: Xc nh bn mu vi ma St ............................................................................... .. 65 Bi 3: Xc nh bn mu vi mi hi ............................................................................. .. 67 Bi 4: Xc nh bn mu vi nc ................................................................................. .. 70 3. Khoa Ha Go trnh thc hnh Phn tch cng nghip 2LI M U c ti liu hc tp cho sinh Vin Chuyn ngnh Ha phn tch v thng nht Chng trnh ging day ca b mn ha Phn tch ca trng Cao ng cng nghip IV, Chng ti bin Son Cun gio trnh Thc hnh Phn tCh Cng nghip II.Cun gio trnh ny c bin son thC0 Cc tiu Ch sau:1. Ni dung thc tp gm c 5 phn thuc V Cc lnh Vc Cng nghip nh: a. Cao Su . Cht ty ra . Du khbCd. G,y6. Dt nhum2. Nhm trang b Cho Cc em sinh vin C c tay ngh V kin thc Chuyn mn V ngh phn tch, khi S dng Cun gio trnh ny Sinh vin, hc sinh s vic lm trc tip trn mu thc vi Cc phng php phn tch mi nh/t hin nay m thc t ang s dng cc doanh nghip .3. Gio trnh c bin son da trn Cc tiu Chun ASTM, TCVN v ti liu ca mt s Cng ty hin nay ang thc hin.Nhm bin Son gm C: - Chng Cao Su, Ch/ ty ra, giy, dt nhum: Nguyn Vn Trng: - Chng u kh: Nguyn Hong Minh, Nguyn Hu Sn, Trn Th HngCun gio trnh ny mi bin Son ln u nn khng th trnh khi nhng sai st. Chng ti mong nhn c kin ng gp Cun gio trnh ny ngy Cng hon thin hn.Xin Chn thnh Cm n Nhm tc gi bin Son 4. Khoa HaGo trnh thc hnh Phn tch cng nghip 210.NI QUY PHNG THC TP HA PHN TCH CNG NGHIPi hc ng gi, sinh vin tr qu 15 pht khng c vo phng thc tp.Sau khi kim tra u bui thc tp, nu Sinh Vin khng thuc bi th gio vin yu Cu Sinh vin ra khi phng thc tp.Sinh vin chu trch nhim V Cc dng c thy tnh nhn c khi vo phng th nghim, n/u c nt, b phi bo ngay vi gio vin hng dn.Khi thc tp, phi gi im Ing, khng c ht thuc trong phng th nghim.Cc ng nh git phi li ng chai c, khng c b qua chai khc lm h thuc th hoc b ba bi trn bn th nghim.Nhng chai thuc th phi li ch C, khng c mang i ni khc.Khi dng my ly tm, phi lun Iun dng hai ng nghim c th tch tng ng cn bng.Khng c t tin ly ha cht V nh.Suy ngh k V quy trnh phn tch, tm hiu ngha ca mi thao tc trc khi lm, khng c lm cu th, V thc, nn c s tay ghi chp th nghim.Khi ra V, phi ra sch s cc dng c, dn dp ngn np, giao tr dng c cho gio vin hng dn. 5. Khoa HaGo trnh thc hnh Phn tch Cng nghip 2?`E":'5**!"!'^10.11. 12.13.MN HC: THC HNH PHN TCH HACNG NGHIP IIM hc phn: 036HO231Sn v hc trnh: 3Trnh thuc kh kIn thc: Khi k thut chuyn ngnh Phn b, thi gan: Thc hnh 100% iu kin tin quytz hc Xong I thuyt v thc hnh phn tch c S M t vn tt ni dung mn hc: HC phn ny trang b cho Sinh Vin kin thc v phng php X I mu hu c v quy trnh kim tra mt vi ch tiu ch y,u trong mt s mu: cao su, m phm, cht ty ra... Nhim V ca Snh Vn: Tham d hc v tho lun y . Thi v kim tra gia hc k theo qui Ch 04/1999/Q-BGDKLTT liu hc tp: gio trnh thc hnh phn tch cng nghip, cc ti liu tham khoT liu tham khoz [1]. Nguyn Th T Nga - Cc qu trnh chit - NXB i hc quc gia H Ch Minh. V Tam Hu v Nguyn Phng Tng - Hng dn s dng nhin liu du m - NXB Khoa hc v k thut. [3]. Cc TCVN i vi m phm, du kh v cao Su... [4]. Cc tiu chun ca ASTM i Vi du kh, cht ty ra...Tiu chun nh gi sinh vin:- Nm c c bn ni dung mn hc- C tnh ch ng V thi nghim tc trong hc tp- Kim tra gia mn hc c d thi- Thi vi hnh thc trc nghim, V/ v bi tp.Thang im: 10/ 10Mc tiu ca mn hc: Gip cho Snh vin hiu V nm Vng nguyn tc X l mu v phn tch cc ch tiu hu c ch yu. Ni dung ch tit mn hc:[2]-Chng 1: PHN TCH CAO SUBi 1: Xc nh hm Ing cht bay hiBi 2: Xc nh hm Ing NitBi 3: Xc nh hm Ing troBi 4: Xc nh tng hm lng cht rnBi 5: Xc nh hm lng ng bng phng php quang ph Bi 6: Xc nh hm lng Magan bng phng php quang ph 6. Khoa Ha Go trnh thc hnh Phn tch cng nghip 2Chng 2: PHN TCH CHT TY RABi 1: Xc n.1 Naz0 v Si0z trong NazSi03Bi 2: Xc n.1 LASBi 3: Xc nh NaOHBi 4: Xc nn Na5P30|0 v NazS04Bi 5: Xc n. hm lng pht phtBi 6: Xc n.1 pH - cht bay hi - cht khng tanBi 7: Xc n.1 hm lng Glycerin v Cacbonat trong kem nh rng Bi 8: Xc n 1 hm lng Natri CacbonatBi 9: Xc n.1 hm lng cht hoat ng b mtChng 3: PHN TCH GIYBi 1: Xc n.1 pH nc Chit Bi 2: Xc n h tinh btChng 4: PHN TCH DU KHBi 1: Xc nh n mn tm ngBi 2: Xc nh im nh git ca m nhn Bi 3: Xc nh nhit bt chy cc kn Bi 4: Xc nh nhit bt chy cc h Bi 5: Xc nh xuyn kim ca mBi 6: Xc nh Ch s mu SayboltChng 5: PHN TCH DT - NHUMBi 1: Xc nh bn mu Vi git kh Bi 2: Xc nh bn mu vi ma St 7. Khoa Ha Go trnh thc hnh Phn tch cng nghip 2CHNG 1: PHN TCH CAO SUBI 1: XC NH HM LNG CHT BAY HII. NGUYN TC:S/y mu th ' 100 50C n khi lng khng i. Cht bay hi l Ing m/t i trong qu trnh sy mu th.Cht bay hi l nc V nhng ch/t bay hi khc i000C c trong cao Su thin nhin hoc Xm nhp t bn ngoi vo trong qu trnh bo qun v sn Xut.Kim tra chi titl ny gip ngi sn xut c th kim sot c qu trnh bo qun m cao Su.II. DNG C - MHA CHT:- My cn phng th nghim hai trc- T sy c khng kh tun hon, nhit n nh 100 i 50()C- Cn phn tch chnh Xc n 0,1mg- Bnh ht m- Khay nhm y c c l kch thc l khong i,5mm n 2mm - Bao poiietyien, kch thc 200mm>l57`l':'=5*!`J-Hnh 1. Dng c xc nh nhit nh git ca m bi trnV. CHUN B THIT B:Lm Sch cc V ng th bng dung mi spirit.Chi s dng cc sch. Khi mt trong ca cc c du hiu b mn, b i.Khi dng cc mi, kim tra kch thc bng ci nh c np cc. Kim tra y bng que 2,72 mm d ang xuyn qua, cn que 2,82 mm th`1 khng. Nu l nh th`1 khoan rng ra, cn ln qu th b i.Kim tra ng th, bu nhit k v Sch. Kim tra dn hng vng lie, nt trn. Dung sai tng gia dn hng Vng lie v thnh trong ca ng th l l,5mm.VI. CCH TIN HNH:Nhi y m vo cc bng cch n ming rng vo m. B m d bng dao. n nh cc, gi thng ng vi ming nh xung di. Xuyn que kim loi t di ln trn n khi n nh ln 25mm.que vo cc Sao cho que kim loi tip xc Vi ng chu vi thp v cao ca cc. Gi ti/p xc ny, xoay cc trn que theo ngn tr to chuyn ng Xon xung pha di que loi phn m hnh chp dnh dc theo que. Khi cc t n im cui que, rt cn thn que ra khi cc Sao cho mng phng khng c bt kh, c dy mong mun cn gi li trong cc.t nt lie vo nhit k). Nh ci nh c Su nhit k t trong ng th, chinh li V tr nt lie trn ca nhit k/ sao cho y bu nhit k Va kht vo ci nh c Su.Thay ci nh c bng cc m sao cho nhit k a vo nm Su nh. Khi bu nhit k khng chm vo mu m cng nh cc.Treo ng th vo b du n Su Sao cho ming ng nm trn mc du t nht l 6mm.Treo nhit k th 2 vo b du Sao cho bu nhit k nm v tr xip xi cng V tr bu nhit k ng th.Khuy b du, gia nhit Vi tc 4 - 70C/pht /n khi t nhit khong 17 OC di im nh git d kiin. Khi gim tc gia nhit xung 1- l,50C/pht. S khc nhau gia b du v ng th l l - 20C. Khi nhiit tng, m s u n nh ra48 49. Khoa Ha Go trnh thc hnh Phn tch cng nghip 2khi l cc. Khi git m rt xung, ghi nhit ca 2 nhit k v ly gi tr trung bnh chnh Xc n l 0 C lm im nh git.Hai Xc nh c th thc hin ng thi trong cng mt b, min l hai mu c xp xi cng nhit nh git.VII. KT QU: Bo co nhit nh giot chnh xc n l 0 C VIII. CHNH XC:- lpli 7C - tilp l3llC49 50. Khoa Ha Go trnh thc hnh Phn tch Cng nghip 2BI 3: XC NH NHIT CHP CHY Cc KN ASTM D 56I. PHM VI P DNG:Phng phap xac nh im bt chay cc kn ca sn phm du m bng thit b cc kin Pensky-Martens, p dng cho khong nhit 40 - 3600C.Quy trnh A ap dng cho nhin liu chng ct (diesel, du ho, du gia nhit, nhin liu turbin), du nhn mi Va cc chit lng u m ng nht.Quy trnh B p dng cho nhin liu t l cn, cn, du nhn s ng, hn hp du lng v rn, cc chtt lng c khuynh hng to mng b mt hoc khng ng nht iu kin th nh quy trnh A.Phng php ny dng pht hin cc cht d bay hi v d chy nhim trong cc cht tng i khng bay hi V khng chay.II. MC CH V NGHA:Tiu chun ny quy nh phng php xc nh im chp chy cc kin ca sn phm du m p dng vo Vn bo qun, Vn chuyn bo m an ton. III. TM TT PHNG PHP:Mu trong cc th c gia nhit v khuiy u tc quy nh. Khi a ngn la tiu chun trc tip Vao b mt cc mu cc khong thi gian u n Va ngthi ngng khuiy. Nhit bt chy l nhit thp nht ti nhit hi ca mu trn b mt cc th bt chy khi c mi la tiu chun c a Vao.IV. THIT B- HA CHT: 50 51. Khoa Ha Go trnh thc hnh Phn tch cng nghip 2- Bip gia nhit - Du D.O - Cc mu - Kerosel - B phn khuy - aceton- Ngun la V. CCH TIN HNH:1. Chun b mu:Cn t nht 75 ml mu cho mi ln th. Khi ly mu du cn, binh cha phi cha t 85-95% mu. i vi cc loai mu khc 50-85% mu.Mu th tip theo phi ly t cng mt bnh cha mu, mu th 2 phi ly t bnh cha khng t hn 50% mu. Khng m bnh cha mu khi khng cn thiit trnh mt phn nh hay hp th hi nc. Bo qun mu nhit khng qu 35 OC. Binh cha mu phi c np trong. Vi mu lng lm lnh mu v rt mu nhit thp hn nhit chp chy d kin 18C.Khng cha mu trong b`1nh thm thu kh.Mu qu nht c gia nhit trong bnh cha chy lng, trong 30 pht nhit thp nhit khng vt qu 28C di im chp chy d kin, Nu mu Vn cha chy lng c th gia nhit thm 30 pht na. Sau lc nh trn u, quay bnh theo phng nm ngang, trc khi chuyn vo cc th.Mu cha nc ho tan hay t do cn c tch nc bng CaClz hay bng cch lc qua giiy lc.2. Chun b thit b:t thit b trn bn Vng chc trnh ni gi la, khng S dng trong t ht ang lm Vic.Lm Sch v kh cc th v cc b phn ph tr trc khi th.3. Cch tin hnh:Cn thn lm Sach cc loi b hit cc Vt bn ca ln th trc,siy kh cc, rt mu cn th n vach mc,y np v t cc vo my.Khuy trn nh nhng nh dy khuy. Khuy u mu vi tc 90-120 Vng/ pht.Tng nhit ca Cc t t.Vi loai sn phm du m c im chp chy d kin t 50 - 1500C th tc gia nhit tng khong 5-8C/pht.Vi loi Sn phm du m c im chp chy d kin ln hn l500C th tc gia nhit tng khong 10-12C/pht.Khi cch im chp chy d kiin khong 30C th gim tc tng nhit cn 20C/pht. Khi cch im chp chy khong 100C th`1 bt u th im chp chy. Chm la mi v iu chinh ngn la mi thch hp (c ng knh 3.2 - 4.8 mm). Ngng khuiy v cho ngn la mi vo b mt mu th bng c cu trn np, kim tra tm chn Sao cho ngun la h xung Vng hi ca cc th trong Vng 0.5S, lu li V tr thp trong ls v nhanh chng tr v V tr c. Nu nhit bt chay ca mu th thp hn 150 C th c tng 1C th mt ln.51 52. Khoa Ha Go trnh thc hnh Phn tch cng nghip 2Nu nhit bt chay ca mu th cao hn l50C th`1 c tng 2C th mt ln.Th cho n khi hi ca mu bt chay thc s trong cc, khi xut hin ngn la mau Xanh th tt ngay, nhit l im chp chy c kin v ghi lai nhit ny.(Mi la c th gy ra qung xanh v ngn la rng trc im chp chy thc, cn b qua).Tip tc nng nhit ln l - 20C na v li th ti/p tc, nu khng thiy xut hin ngn la th th nghim xem nh sai, phi lm li t u.i Vi mu cha bit im chp chy th phi lm th nghim tham d bng cch nng nhit 40C/pht V Sau 40C li th mt ln. Sau khi xc nh thm d c im chp chy th tin hnh th nghim nh trnVI. KT QU:Niu im chp chy ln hn l040C, sai lch khng qu 5,50C. Nu im chp chy nh hn l04C, sai lch khng qu 2C. Lm trn s din 0,50C, theo cng thc hiu chinh sau ZT= C + 0,25 (101,3-K)- T: L nhit bt chy sau khi hiu chinh - C: l nhit bt chy ca mu quan st c - K: l p Sut ca mi trng th kPa52 53. Khoa Ha Go trnh thc hnh Phn tch cng nghip 2BI 4: XC NH NHIT CHP CHY CC H ASTM D 92I. PHAM VI P DNG:Tiu chun ny qui nh phng php xc nh im chp la v im bt chy cc h ca tit c cc sn phm du m c im chp chay cao hn 79C v thp hn 400C (tr FO), bng thit b manual hoc thit b t ng.II. NH NGHA:im bt chy (fire point) ca sn phm u m l nhit thp nht c hiu chinh p suit 101,3 KPa (760mmHg) ti hi ca mu th chp la khi c mi la di iu kin th nghim.im chp la ca sn phm du m l nhit thp nht c hiu chinh p sut l0l,3 kPa ti hi ca mu th chp la khi c mi la di iu kin th nghimIII. TM TT PHNG PHP:Rt khong 70ml mu vo cc th nghim in vch mc, gia nhit vi tc nhanh ban u v chm hn khi Sp ti im chp chy. C mi khong nhit nht nh, a ngn la qua b mt ca mu. Nhit chp la l nhit thp nht ti hi ca mu trn b mt cc th bt la. xc nh im bt chy, tip tc php th cho n khi mu bt chy v duy tri chy t nhit l 5 giy khi c mi la tiu chun lrc a Vo.IV. THIT B - HO CHT:- Bp gia nhit - Gas - Nhit k - acetone - Cc mu - Quc chm la - Gi Thiit b o nhit bt chy cc h Clevelan bao gm: Bip gia nhit, cc mu, que chm la v gi . Nhit ki: Chn nhit k cho ph hp c khong o t - 6 /n 400(iC . Mi la tiu chun c t bng gas (Metan hoc Butan, Propan), p Sut gas cung cp cho thit b phi khng Vt qu 3KPa. Dung mi ra: Cc dung mi k thut c kh nng ra Sach mu v lm kh cc nhl Toluen v Acetone.53 54. Khoa Ha Go trnh thc hnh Phn tch cng nghip 2V. CCH TIN HNH: I. Chun b mu:Bo qun mu trong chai kn, lm bng vt liu khng thm thiu kh (khng ng trong chai nha), nhit thp trnh lm bay hi cc phn nh, tin hnh rt mu nhit thp hn nhit bt chay 56(iC, khng m np khi khng cn thit tranh mt phn nh v a hi nc vao. Khi c th phi xc nh im chp chy trc tin Va bo qun mu nhit thp.Mu rn hoc nht th hm nng mu n nhit chy lng, nhng khng bao gi gia nhit in trn nhit m nhit ny thip hn nhit bt chy d on l 56C trc khi cho Vo cc. Niu mu c gia nhit trn nhit ny, cn lm ngui n 56C di im Chp chy d on trc khi th.N/u mu cha nhiu nc c th lm kh bng Canxiclorua hoc lc qua giy lc nh tnh, nu mu qu nht, c th un nng mu (thp hn nhit bt chy d on 56C).Ch : Niu mu cha nhiu phn nh khng un cng khng lc.2. Chun b thit b:Th nghim c tin hnh ni kin gi. Khng tin hnh th trong t ht ang lm Vic.Cn thn lm Sch cc loi b ht cc Vt du bn ca ln th trc, nu c cn Cacbon loi b bng bi nhi thp loai mnh. Sy kh cc, ngui cc in t nht di nhit Chp Chy d kin l 56C.3. Tiin hnh th :Rt mu cn th n lc mt khum ca mu trng vi Vch mc, nu cho mu qu nhiu th dng xylanh ht bt ra, khng mu c bt hoc bt kh trong Sut qu trnh th. Nhit ca cc v mu khng Vt qu nhit m nhit di nhit chp chy d kin 56C, t cc ln b/p.Nhit k, gi v tr thng ng sao cho y ca bu thu ngn cach y cc 6,4i 0,lml v im nm gia bn knh Vung gc vi ng cong qut ca ngn la th.Chm ngn la V. iu chinh n c ng kinh t 4,2 - 4,8mm.Ch : Cn thn khi S dng gas, khi lm mu c cha thnh phn c im bt chy thp c th bng chy manh, hoc nhng mu c im bt chy in 400CCp nhit vi tc tng nhit ca mu khong 14 - l7C/pht.Khi nhit ca mu th thp hn im chp chy d on 500C thi gim tc tng nhit xung cn 5 - 6iC/pht cho n khi cch nhit d on 28 OC. Khi nhit t 28C di im chp chy d kiin, cung cp mi la th, c tng 2C th l ln, cho mi la chay ngang qua im gia b mt cc th, tip tc th ngn la n khi xut hin bt la. Thi gian ngn la i qua cc mu mi ln khong 0,ls.Ghi li nhit trn nhit k l nhit quan St c khi xut hin ngn la mu xanh u tin trn mt phn hay ton b b mt mu.Khi mu th m nhit chp la khng bit trc th mu th c rt vo cc th nhit nh hn 50C, cung cp mi la th bt u nhit cao hn nhit 54 55. Khoa Ha Go trnh thc hnh Phn tch cng nghip 2rt mu l 5C, tip tc un nng mu th 5-60C/pht v c tng 2C th 1 ln cho /n khi thu c im chp la az Ch :Cc chi tit nh: Kch c mi la, tc gia nhit, tc a mi la qua mu th u nh hng n kt qu. Mi la c th gy ra qung xanh v ngn la rng trc im chp chy thc, cn b qua.Khi thu c im chp chy ln th u tin, ngng th, lp li vi mu mi Va th ln u tin nhit di nhit Chp chy ln trc (C c ln th u tin) 28C. xc nh im bt chy tiip tc un nng mu th Sau khi ghi li im chp la, tng nhit mu th vi tc 5-6C/pht c 20C th 1 ln cho in khi bt chy mu trong 5s, ghi li nhit ny.Khi thit b ngui n di 60C, ly ra V lm sch cc mu.VI. KT QU: T TTquan St +_Tquan st + 0,033(760 - P)Trong : T- l nhit bt chy ca mu sau khi hiu chinh) Tquan st - l nhit bt chy ca mu quan sat c P- l p sut kh quyn ti thi im th,mmHg K- l p suit khi quyn ti thi im th,KPaVII. CHNH XC:S khc nhau gia cc kt qu ca 1 ngi th trn cng l thit b v cng iu kin th, cho php l/20 ln gi tr Vt qu: - im chp la (`laSh point) 8C - im bt chy (fire point) 80C S khc nhau gia cc kit qu ca 2 ngi th 2 phng th nghim khc nhau Chi cho php 1/20 ln gi tr vt qu: - im chp la (flash point) 17C - im bt chay (fire point) 14C55 56. Khoa Ha Gio trnh thc hnh Phn tch Cng nghip 2BI 5: XC NH XUYN KIM CA M ASTM D 217I. PHAM VI NG DNG:Phng php ny dng o c ca m nhn bng cch o xuyn kim ca l chp nn c kich thc, khi lng v thi gian Xc nh. n V o l 0,lmm. Cp NLGI (Vin m quc gia) Khong xuyn kim lm vic / 0 S c 25 C 000 44-5+ 475 00 430 + 444 0 355 + 385 l 310 + 340 2 265 + 295 3 220 250 4 175 205 5 130 % l60 6 85 + ll5 II. THIT B - HA CHT - My o xuyn kim - M - Cn xuyn kim chun - Naphta nh - Dng c nhi m - Vi, giy lu - Dao ct m - Dao gt - B n nhit - Dng c o nhit My o xuyn kim - o c xuyn kim chnh xc in 0.lmm.Cn xuyn kim chun - Ph hp cho tit c xuyn kim.Dng c nhi m - Gm c cc, np, pippon. Dng c nhi th cng cho phpnhi vi tc 60 1 10 k p trong mt pht.Dao ct m - Dng chun b mu cho xuyn kim bolck,B n nhit- B nc hay khng khi cho php kim sot nhit b 25:0,5 OC.Dao gt- Khng n mn, c li cng rng 32mm v dai t nht 150mm.Dng c o nhit - C chiu di khong 20mm V ng knh bao 3,7mm (Va c l thng hi). C thang o c S/ chia nh cho php o c in 0,5 OC. C56 57. Khoa Ha Go trnh thc hnh Phn tch Cng nghip 2khong khng cho phn trn ca bao gi u o ngay pha trn ca tm c l ca dng c nhi v trong khi mu.Vng chy trn (khng bt buc) - Dng c thu hi m chy ra t b mt mu. Mu ny c th quay li cc nhi cho th nghim k tip.Hinh lI-Pinh 2: My trn m1. Gi ci trn m2. Ci trn m3. Np km a trn m 4. n by III. LY MU:Kch thc mu - Yu cu l lng mu (t nht l 0.4kg) lm y cc ca dng c nhao m chun. Nru mu khng hay c khong xuyn kim t NLGI 0+4, S dng phng phap Dl403. Nu gi tr xuyn kim ton b thang chia tnh theo phng php th Dl403 cao hn 200, yu cu t nht l 3 ln lng mu cn lm y cc nhao thang % v 1/2 . i vi o xuyn kim khi, ly mt lng mu cng c hnh dng, lng cho php ct thnh hnh lp phng 50 mm.57 58. Khoa Ha Go trnh thc hnh Phn tch cng nghip 2I-linh 2: My o xuyn kim 1. Chun b mu: xuyn kim khng lm vic - t cc khng ca dng c nho m hay bnh kim loai kch thc tng ng v mu trong binh kim loi vo b n nhit v n nhit 25 i 0,5 UC. Chuyn mu, tt nht l nguyn cc lm y cc dng c nho m. Chuyn Sao cho cc hot ng t nht. Lc nh cc lm thot kh v trt y m bng dao tht kho c cc y khng c ti kh. Gat m d bng ming cc, khng c kht bng li dao t nghing 450. Xc nh xuyn kim ngay. xuyn kim lam vic - Chuyn mu Vo cc nhi m Sach lm y c ngn (khong 13mm gia), trnh a khng kh vo bng cch trt bng dao v Va lc va trt ui khng kh. Lip dng c v h l thng, n pitton xung y. t nhit k vo l thng sao cho u nhit k gia m. t my nho vo b n nhit 25 OC, cho n nh nhit . Sau khi a dng c nhao ra khi b. Lau nc d mt ngoi my nhao. Tho nhit k v ng l thng. Nho 60 k p clia pitton trong khong 1 pht, v a pitton V V tr inh. M l thng, b np v pitton, chuyn phn m dnh trn pitton vo cc. Lm bng b mt v thot khi nh trn. xuyn kim lm Vic ko di - Lm nh xuyn kim lm vic hai ln c n nhit gia 2 ln 25 OC trong l,5h.M khi - Dng my ct m ct mu m thnh hnh lp phng c canh 50mm. Ct vt l gc, ct 3 mt k vi n l lt khong l,5mm. Ch khng chm vo cc mt mi ct dng th ngim. n nh nhit 25 C trong t nht lh.2. Chun b th't b:Lam sch chp nn v trc my xuyn kim bng Vi hay giiy mm c thm dung mi nh khng nha khi cn. IV. CCH TIN HNH: xuym kim khng lm vic - t cc vo bn my xuyn kim, gi cho khng dao ng. t kt cu gi chp nn vo V tr 0, Va chinh thit b cn thn u chp nn chm Vao b mt tm ca mu th. i Vi mu c xuyn kim >400, cc phi vo gi s dch trong khong 0,3mm So vi u chp nn. Th trc chp nn nhanh v cho ri trong khong 5 1 0,ls. C c/u th lng khng c ko trc. ng trc V58 59. Khoa Ha Go trnh thc hnh Phn tch cng nghip 2tr cui thi gian 5s. n nh kim trc n khi dng li trc chp nn v c xuyn kim t V tr kim. Nu mu c xuyn kim > 200, t chp nn vo tm cc, mu ny chi c s dng cho mt th nghim. Nu mu c Xuyn kim 200, tiin hnh 3 th nghim trn cng l cc.V. KT QU:Bo co gi tr trung bnh ca 3 ln xc nhVI. CHNH XC: xuyn kim Khong xuyn kim lp li ti lp 85 + 475l30 +474130 + 475Khng lm vic 8 19Lm vic lu di Khi < 8559 60. Khoa Ha Go trnh thc hnh Phn tch Cng nghip 2BI 6: XC NH CH s MU SAYBOLTI. PHAM VI NG DNG:Phng php ny c p dng cho cc sn phn nhin liu Sng mu nh: Xng t, Xng my bay cha pha mu, nhin liu phn lc, naphtha, du ha, sp u m v du trng c phm...II. TM TT PHNG PHP:Mu Saybolt l mau ca sn phm lng, gc u m trong sut c nh ngha da trn thang o t-l6 (ti nht) in + 30 (sang nht).Tm cao ca ct mu Sao cho khi nhn xuyn qua di ca ct, mau ca ct mu ph hp vi mu ca mt trong 3 tm knh chun. T cao thu c V loai knh chun S dng, tra bng tm c gi tr mu Saybolt,III. TI LIU TRCH DN: tiu chun ASTM D 156 IV. THIT B - DNG C:ing mu c chia vchngun sngMy So mu Saybolt gm c ng mu c chia Vch v ng chun, h thng quang hc, ngun sng v cc tm knh chun mu.V. TIN HNH o: 1. Chun ha tht b:Tho tm knh ra khi y ca ng mu. Ra tm knh, ing mu, ng chun (ra bng x phng v nc, trng li bng nc c/t v aceton, thi kh). Lp V nh V cc ng vo my.60 61. Khoa HaGo trnh thc hnh Phn tch cng nghip 2Bt ngun sng, quan st cng Sng ca hai na trng quang hc vi c hai ng rng v mng ngn 12 mm c tho ra khi y ng chun. iu chinh V tringun Sang c c cng Sang mi na trng quang hc l nh nhau.Lp tr li mng ngn 12 mm vo bn di ng chun v nc cit vo ng mu n Vch 508 mm (20 in). Cng sng quan St c mi trng quang hc cn phi nh nhau i vi my so mu c php s dng.2. Chun b mu:Khi mu c, lc n qua giiy lc, nh lng ph hp cho n khi n c mau sng. Khi chun b mu sp du m th nghim, khng c un nng qu V c th xy ra s oxy ha lm bin mu mu.Bng: Gi tr mu Saybolt theo cao ca ct du61S ca cao ca du, Chi S S ca cao ca Chi schun mu in (mm) mu chun mu du, in (mm) mu `/lt na 20,00 (508) +30 Hai 6,00 (152) +6 /lt na l8,00 (457) +29 Hai 5,75 (146) +5 `/lt na 16,00 (406) +28 Hai 5,50 (139) +4 /lt na 14,00 (355) +27 Hai 5,25 (133) +3 `/lt na 12,00 (304) +26 Hai 5,00 (127) +2 /lt 20,00 (508) +25 Hai 4,75 (120) +l /lt 18,00 (457) +24 Hai 4,50 (l 14) 0 `/lt 16,00 (406) +23 Hai 4,25 (107) -l /lt 14,00 (355) +22 Hai 4,00 (101) -2 /lt 12,00 (304) +21 Hai 3,75 (95) -3 /lt 10,75 (273) +20 Hai 3,625 (92) -4 /lt 9,50 (241) +19 Hai 3,50 (88) -5 `/lt 8,25 (209) +18 Hai 3,375 (85) -6 /[t 7,25 (184) +17 Hai 3,25 (82) -7 `/lt 6,25 (158) +16 Hai 3,125 (79) -8 Hai 10,50 (266) +15 Hai 3,00 (76) -9 Hai 9,75 (247) +14 Hai 2,875 (73) -10 Hai 9,00 (228) +13 Hai 2,75 (69) -ll Hai 8,25 (209) +12 Hai 2,625 (66) -12 Hai 7,75 (196) +ll Hai 2,50 (63) -13 Hai 7,25 (184) +10 Hai 2,375(60) - l4 Hai 6,75 (171) +9 Hai 2,25 (57) -15 Hai 6,50 (165) +8 Hai 2,l25(53) -16` 6,25 (158) 62. Khoa Ha Go trnh thc hnh Phn tch cng nghip 23. Quy trnh i vi du sng v du trng c phm:Trang ng mu bng mt phn ca mu. Tho cho mu chy hit, y mu vo ng mu. So Snh mu vi chun mau nguyn (chun s 1). Khi mu Sng hn mu chun th`1 di chuyn V thay th n bng chun mt na. Khi mu ti hn chun nguyn cao 158 mm (6,25 in) th`1 t thm mt knh chun nguyn na (thnh chun s hai).Ch : Mu trong ng phi khng c bt kh.Vi chun mu thich hp Va mu trong ng mu phi mc m mu ca n r rng v ti hn mu ca chun, th t t x bt mu qua Vi cho n khi mu ca mu chi hi ti hn chun mu. T im ny h mc mu xung cao gn nht ng Vi cao trong bng mu. Khi mu ca mu quan St Vn cn ti hn chun mu th`1 tip tc h mc mu Xung cao tip theo trong bng ri li So snh.Lp li thao tc ny cho n khi cao ca mu du t n mc mu ca mu v chun mu l nh nhau hoc khc bit nhau khng ng k. T im ny h thip ct mu Xung cao tip theo ghi trong bng m mu mu r rng sng hn chun mu th ghi s mu ng vi mc cao hn gn nhit. l mu Saybolt.Ch : i Vi sn phm du m c mau ti hn mu Saybolt -16, dng tiu chun ASTM D l50.4. Quy trnh i vi sp du m: un nng mu Sp cao hn im ng t (theo tiu chun ASTM D 938) t 8 n l7DC. H nng ng mu trc, rt Sp lng vo ng mu. Tiin hnh xc nh theo mc 5 .3 VI. KT QU: Ghi kt qu s mu Saybolt o c Khi mu phi x l lc, cn ghi u ny vo trong kt qu. VII. CU HI:1. ngha ca chi s mu Saybolt? 2. nh gi sn phm th nghim?62 63. Khoa Ha Go trnh thc hnh Phn tch cng nghip 2CHNG 5: VT LIU DT - NHUM PHNG PHP XC NH BN MUBI 1: XC NH BN MU VI GIT KHI. PHM VI NG DNG:Tiu chun ny qui nh phng php xc nh bn mu Vi git kh ca tit c cc loi vt liu dt.Phng php ny khng ph hp vi vic nh gi kh nng bn Vng ca cc chit h hon tit, cng khng dng nh gi bn ca mu i vi git kh do to im cc b V cc qui trnh git kh bn do cc tim git kh thc hin.Phng phap ny chi p dng cho bn mu vi git kh, trn thc t/ git kh thng mi thng lin quan ti cc thao tc khc, nh Chm nc, Chm dung mi, l hi,... n/u cn nh gi y kh nng git kh ca Vt liu dt thi c nhng phng php th chun thch hp vi cc cch git kh .Khi nh gi bn mu, s c mt ca nc hp th trn Vi hoc dung dch git kh khng lm nh hng n vic nh gi bn mau. Phng phap th ny a ra nhng kt qu tng quan vi kit qu khi git kh thng mi. bn mau vi git kh, nu khng thm iu kin khc c ngha l bn mu vi git kh bng pecloetylen. Tuy nhin, c th dng dung mi khc nu yu cu.II. NGUYN TC:Mu th cng cc ng xu thp khng b n mn c t trong ti Vi bng v c khuy trong pecloetylen, sau c Vt hoc ly tm v lm kh bng khng khi nng. nh gi s thay i mu ca mu bng thang mu xm. Kit thc qu trnh th, dng thang mu xm nh gi s dy mu nh gi nhum mu ca dung mi bng cach so Snh mau ca dung mi c lc vi dung mi cha qua s dng bng anh sang truyn.III. DNG C - THIT B:- Thit b c hc thich hp gm mt thng ng nc c cha rto c ngn trc mang cc cc bng thy tinh hoc thp khng gi, y ca cc khong cch 45mm l0mm tinh t tm trc. T hp trc /cc quay Vi tc 40Vng /lpht 2Vng/pht. Nhit ca thng nc c kim soat duy tr nhit dung dch th 30C 20C.- Cc bng thy tinh hoc thp khng gi c ng kinh 75mmi 5mm, cao 125mm l0mm, th tich 550ml 50ml, cc c th dng Vng m bn Vi dung mi.- Cc ng xu thp khng b n mn, kch thc 30mm 2mmx3mm 0.5mm, phng v mp khng nhm, c khi lng 20g 2g.63 64. Khoa Ha Go trnh thc hnh Phn tch cng nghip 2- Vi khng cho khng nhum c khi lng 270g/m2 70g/m2, khng cn cht h hon tt v ct thnh mu c kch thc l20mmxl20mm.- Pecloetylen c t trn Natri Cacbonat khan trung ho bit k acid chlohydric c tao thnh.- Thang mu xam nh gi s hay i mu, ph hp vi TCVN 5466:2002 v thang mu xm nh gi s dy mu ph hp vi TCVN 5467:2002.- ng thy tinh c ng knh 25mm.IV. CCH TIN HNH: 1. Mu th:Niu Vt liu th l Vi thi kich thc mu l 40mmxl00mm.Niu mu th l Si, Vi dt kim th dng mu c kch thc 40mmxl00mm hoc tao con si c chiu di cc Vng Si l 100mm v ng knh con si l 5mm ri buc cht hai u.N/u Vt liu dt th l x ti th`1 em chi Va p thnh ming phng c kch thc 40mmxl00mm.2. Cch tiin hnh:Chun b ti bng Vi bng cho khng nhum c kch thc bn trong la 100mmxl00mm bng cch khu ba cnh ca hai ming vi Vung. t mu v 12 ng xu bng thp vo trong ti. ng ti li bng bit k cch no thun li.t ti c cha mu v nhng ng xu bng thp vo cc, Sau thm 20ml pecloetylen 30C 2C. Niu dng dung mi khc nn ghi li Vao bo co th nghim. X l mu trong 30 pht nhit 30C 2C Vi thit b qui nh.Ly ti ra khi cc, ly mu ra, t mu gia giy ht m hoc Vi v vt hoc ly tm loai ung mi d. Lm kh mu bng cch treo trong khng kh nhit 60C 50C.V. KT QA:nh gi S thay i mu ca mu th bng thang mu xm.Ktt thc qua trinh th, lc dung mi trong cc bng giy lc. Dng thang mu xm nh gi s day mau so Snh mau ca dung dch lc vi dung mi cha S dng trong ng nghim c t i din Vi mt bng trng, s dng nh sng truyn.64 65. Khoa Ha Gio trnh thc hnh Phn tch Cng nghip 2BI 2: XC NH BN MU VI MA STI. PHM VI NG DNG:Tiu chun ny qui nh phng php Xc nh bn mau i vi ma sat V s dy mu ln Vt liu khc ca cc loai Vt liu, k c cc loi thm ph sn v cc loai vi c tuyt khc.Phng php ny c th p dng cho thm khng dt hoc mu c tho ri hoc Si tho ri.C hai php th, mt vi Vi ma St kh V mt vi Vi ma st t.II. NGUYN TC:Mu th c ch xt Vi Vi ma st kh v ma St t. u th ma st vi hai kch thc c th thay i c vi nhau, mt cho cc loai Vi c tuyit v mt cho cc loi Vi khc. S dy mu ca Vi ma st c nh gi theo thang mu Xm.III. DNG C - THIT B:T hiit b th ph hp Xx nh bn mu vi ma St. Thiit b ny c mt n ma sat vi hai u c kch thc c th thay i c vi nhau, ph thuc vo vt liu dt em th, quy nh nh sau:- i vi Vi c tuyt, k c thm ph sn:O u ma St vi b mt hnh ch nht kch thc 19 mmx 25mm.C u ma St phi to c mt lc p xung l 9N v chuyn ng ti lui theo ng thng trong khong cch 100mm.O i Vi Vi c tuyt, k c thm ph sn c th s dng mnh Snh c st thay th/vo u ma St.- i vi Vt liu dt khac:I u ma St hnh tr ng knh 16mm chuyn ng ti lui theo ng thng trong khong cch 100mm trn mu th v to mt lc p Xung 9N.O Vi bng ma St ph hp Vi ISO 105 -F, iu F09, c gi h, ty trng, khng qua x l hon tt, ct thnh Irljng Vung 50mmx50mm.O Li bng dy thp khng gi ng knh dy lmm, kch thc l khong 20mm.O Thang mu xm nh gi s dy mu, ph hp vi TCVN 5476:2002.IV. CCH TIN HNH:1. Mu thl Nu mu th l Vi hoc thm ph Sn, chun b hai mu th c kch thc khng nh hn 50mmxl40mm cho th nghim ma st kh Va hai mu th vi cng kch thc65 66. Khoa Ha Go trnh thc hnh Phn tch cng nghip 2cho th nghim ma st t. Mt mu th trong tng cp mu c chiu dc song song vi h si dc. Mu th th hai c chiu dc Song Song vi h si ngang.Nu mu th l Si hoc chi th`1 ang chng li thnh Vi V chun b mu c kich thc t nht 50mmxl40mm hoc to ra mt lp gm cc Si song song vi nhau bng cch cun ln mt Iling ba hnh ch nht c kch thc thch hp.2. Cch tin hnhKp cht mi mu th vo tim / ca thiit b th sao cho chiu dc ca mu Song Song Vi chin di chuyn ca u ma St.Trong trng hp sn phm dt c nhiu mu, khi nh V tr ca mu th cn lu cho tt c cc mu ca hoa Vn u c cha xt trong qu trnh th. Nu Vng ny qu rng th tin hnh ly nhiu mu th hn v tng mu s c nh du ring bit.Cc x nhum mu b ko ra trong qu trnh ma St v bm li trn b mt ca vi bng ma St cn c loi b chi tnh in s dy mu bi thuc nhum.- Ma St kh:Ming Vi ma St kh c Vut bng phng v gn vo u ma St ca thit b th, tin hnh ch Xat ti - lui dc theo ng thng trong khong 100mm trn niing mu kh Vi tng s 10 ln trong ls, Vi lc p Xung l 9N - Ma St t:Lp li php th nh m t trn vi mu th mi v vi ma St c thm c bng cch t ming vi trn tm li thp V u n nh ln n mt lng nc bng khi lng ca ming Vi, hoc dng bt k mt phng php thch hp no bo m rng S thim c l 100%, Sau khi ch xt, phi kh ming Vi nhit phng.V. KT QA:nh gi s dy mu ca cc ming Vi bng ma st bng thang mu xm.66 67. Khoa HaGo trnh thc hnh Phn tch cng nghip 2BI 3: XC NH BN MU VI MI HII. PHAM VI NG DNG:Tiu chun nay qui nh phng php xc nh bn mau ca tt c cc loi Vtliu dt i vi cc dng ca mi hi ngi.II. NGUYN TC:Cc mu th tip xc vi vi th km c x l trong hai dng dch khc nhau ccha Histidin, sau c ly ra, lm ro nc v t vo hai tm phng di p lc xac nh trong thit b th. Mu th v Vi th km c lm kh ring bit. S thay i mu ca mi mu th v s dy mu ca cc vi th km c nh gi bng cch soSanh vi thang mu xm.III. DNG C - THIT B:Thit b th gm mt khung thp khng gi, c th t lt mt qu ta xp xi 5kg, c kch thc y 60mmxl 15mm to ra mt p lc l2.5kPa ln cc mu th c kch thc 40mmxl00mm t gia cc tm thy tinh hay nha acrylic kich thc xp xi 60mmxl l5mmxl.5mm. Thit b th c thit k sao cho nu trong qu trnh th b qu t tao ra p lc Vn c duy tr`1 l2.5kPa. Nu kich thc ca mu ghp khc vi kch thc 40mmxl00mm th qu t c s dng phi to ra p lc l2.5kPa ln mu th.T siy khng c qut thng gi, gi nhit d 37C 2C.Dung dch kim, mi pha, trong mt lt cha: 0.5g L-histidin monohydrochlorld monohydrat(C6HgOgNz.HCl.H2O) + 5g natri clorua(NaCl) hoc 5g disodium hydrogen orthophosphat dodecahydrat(NazHPO4.lZHZO). Dung dch c iu chinh ti pH = 8 bng dung dch NaOH 0.lM.Dung dch acid, mi pha, trong mt lit cha: 0.5g L-histidin monohydrochlorld monohydrat(C6HgOzNz.HCl.HzO) + 5g Natri clorua (NaCl) + 2.2g Sodium dihydrogen orthophosphat dihydrat (NaHzPO4.2HzO). Dung dch c iu chinh ti pH = 5.5 bng dung dch NaOH 0.lM.Hai ming Vi th km, mt trong hai ming Vi th km c lm cng loi x ging nh mu th, hoc ging thnh phn chi/m u th, trong trng hp mu c pha trn nhiu thnh phn v ming th hai c lm t x nh qui nh trong bng l, hoc trong trng hp mu pha trn nhiu thnh phn miing th hai c lm t X ging vi thnh phn chim u th th hai, hoc c chi dn rieng.67 68. Khoa HaGo trnh thc hnh Phn tch cng nghip 2Bng l: Vi th km n XNu ming th nhtlTh miing th hai lBng LenLen BngT tm BngLanh LenVitc LenAxetat Vitc Polyamit Len hoc Vitc Polyeste Len hoc bng Acrylic Len hoc bng- Thang mu xm nh gi s thay i mu ph hp Vi TCVN5466:2002 v thang mau Xm nh gia s dy mu ph hp vi TCVN 5467:2002.IV. CCH TIN HNH: 1. Mu th:a. Niu mu th l vi:t mt mu th kch thc 40mm X 100mm p vo mt ming Vi th km a X c cng kch thc 40mmxl00mm v khu dc theo mt trong cc cnh ngn sao cho vi th km p vo mt phi c mu th, hoc t mt mu th kch thc 40mmxl00mm vo gia hai ming Vi th km n X c cng kch thc 40mmxl00mm v khu dc theo mt trong cc cnh ngn.b. Nu mu th l Si hay X ri:Ly mt lng Si hay x gn bng mt na tng khi lng ca cc Vi th km, hoc t chng gia mt ming Vi th km a X c kch thc 40mmxl00mm v mt ming Vi khng bt thuc nhum kch thc 40mm X 100mm v khu chng dc theo bn cnh hoc t chnh gia hai ming Vi th km n X kch thc 40mmxl00mm v khu chng dc theo bn cnh.2. Cch tin hnh:Mu ghp c t phng trong mt a y bng v rt dung dch vo ngm t hon ton mu ghp trong dung dch kim pH = 8 vi t l dung dch 50:1 nhit phng trong 30 pht. Thnh thong p v tr mu m bo mu ngm u dung dch. Rt b dung dch v gn dung dch d ra khi mu th bng hai a thy tinh.t mu ghp gia hai tm thy tinh hoc nha acrylic di p lc 12.5kPa v t trong thit b th c Sy nng trc ti nhit th nghim. Bng qui trnh th tng t, mt mu ghp c lm t trong dung dch acid pH = 5.5 v sau c th trong thiit b th ring bit c Sy nng.t thit b th cha cc mu ghp vo t sy trong 4 gi nhit 37C i 2C.68 69. Khoa Ha Go trnh thc hnh Phn tch cng nghip 2M tng mu ghp (bng cch tho ng khu trn ba cnh, chi li mt canh ngn nu cn thit) v lm kh mu bng cch treo va trong khng khi nhit d khng qu 60C Vi hai hoc ba ming Vi th ca mu ghp chi tip Xc vi nhau tai ng khu ca mt cnh ngn.V. KT QA:nh gi s thay i mu ca mu th v s dy mu ca cc vi th km bng cch So snh vi cc thang mu XmCh thich: trong mt s trng hp x Xenlul c nhum vi thuc nhum trc tip c cha ng, hoc hu X l Vi cc mui ng, phng php Xc nh bn mu vi m hi t nhin gy ra S tch ng khi cc sn phm c nhum mau. iu c th gy ra s thay i ng k /n bn mu vi nh Sng v git V`1 Vy nn lL1'L1 trong cc trng hp ny.69 70. Khoa HaGo trnh thc hnh Phn tch cng nghip 2BI 4: XC NH BN MU VI NCI. PHAM VI NG DNG:Tiu chun ny quy nh phng php xac nh bn mu ca tt c cc loi Vtliu dt khi ngm trong nc. II. NGUYN TC:Mu th c tip Xc vi mt hoc hai ming Vi th km xc nh, c nhinchim trong nc, sau c lm ro nc v t Vo trong hai tm Vti p lc xc nh trong thiit b th. Mu th Va Vi km c lm kh. S thay i mu ca mu th v s day mu ca cc Vi th km c nh gi bng cch so Snh Vi thang mu tim,III. DNG C - THIT B:Thit b th gm mt khung thp khng gi, c th t lt mt qu t Xp Xi 5kg, c kch thc y 60mmx115mm tao thnh mt p lc l2.5kP ln cc mu th c kch thc 40mmxl00mm t gia cc tm thy tinh hay nha acrilic kch thc Xp Xi 60mmXll5mmXl.5mm. Thit b th c thit k Sao cho nu trong qu trnh th b qu t ra th p lc Vn c duy tri l2.5kPa. Nu kich thc ca mu ghp khc kch thc 40mmxl00mm th`1 qu t c S dng phi to ra p lc l2.5kPa ln mu th.T s/y gi nhit 37C 20CHai nliing Vi th km: mt trong hai Iling Vi th km c lm t cng loi x ging nh mu th, hoc ging thnh phn chim u th/ trong trng hp mu c pha trn nhiu thnh phn, miing th hai c lm t X ging vi thnh phn chin u th th hai, hoc c chi dn ring.Bng l - Vi th km n xNu ming th nht l th`1 ming th hai l bng len len bng t tm bng lanh len Vitc len axetat hoc triaxetat Vitc polyamit len hoc bng polyeste len hoc bng acrylic len hoc bng70 71. Khoa Ha Go trnh thc hnh Phn tch cng nghip 2IV. CCH TIN HNH:Mu thNu mu th l Vi:t mt mu kch thc 40mmxl00mm p vo mt ming vi th km a X c cng kch thc 40mmxl00mm v khu theo mt trong cc cnh ngn Sao cho Vi th km p vo mt phi ca mu th, hoc t mt mu th kch thc 40mmxl00mm vo gia hai ming Vi th km n X cng kch thc 40mmxl00mm V khu dc theo mt trong cc cnh ngn.Nu mu th l si hay X ri:Ly mt lng si hay X ngn bng mt na tng khi lng ca cc Vi th km, hoc dt chng gia mt ming Vi th km a x kch thc 40mmxl00mm v mt ming Vi khng bt thuc nhum kch thc 40mmxl00mm v khu chng dc theo bn canh hoc t chng gia hai miing Vi th km n X kch thc 40mmxl00mm v khu chng dc theo bn cnh.Mi mu ghp c ngm t hon ton trong mt cc ring bit cha nc loi 3 nhit phng. Mu ghp c t phng gia hai tm thy tinh hoc nha acrylic di p lc l2.5kPa v t trong thit b th c sy nng trc ti nhit th nghim.t thi/t b th cha mu ghp vo t Sy trong 4 gi nhit 37C i 20CM tng mu ghp (bng cch tho ng khu trn ba cnh, chi lai mt canh ngn nu cn thiit).Ch thich: mu ghp c diu hiu kh th`1 cn phi loi b. Lm kh mu bng cch trco v trong khng kh nhit khng qua 60C vi hai hoc ba mi/ng Vi th ca mu ghp chi tip Xc Vi nhau tai ng khu ca mt cnh ngn.VI. KT QA:nh gi s thay i mu ca mu th v s dy mu ca cc Vi th km bng cch So snh vi thang mau Xm.7l 72. Khoa Ha Go trnh thc hnh Phn tch cng nghip 2Ch bin: ThS. L Th Thanh HngBin son: Nguyn Vn Trng v b mn Ha uSa bn in: L Th Thanh Hng - Nguyn Th Cm TXong ngy 20.9.2004 ti khoa Ha trng Cao ng Cng nghip 472