Fundamental of Computer Histo

8/8/2019 Fundamental of Computer Histo

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Characteristics of ComputerCharacteristics of Computer

S peedS peedAccuracyAccuracyAllAll--rounder Versatility}rounder Versatility}S torageS torage


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T ypes of ComputerT ypes of ComputerMini computerMini computerMicro computerMicro computerDesktopDesktopLaptopLaptop

palmtoppalmtopnotebooknotebookMainframe computerMainframe computer


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Function of ComputerFunction of Computer

InputInput ProcessingProcessing OutputOutput

Keyboard , MouseKeyboard , Mouse MicroprocessorsMicroprocessors MonitorMonitor


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Generation of ComputersGeneration of ComputersFirst Generation [1942 to 1955]First Generation [1942 to 1955]

First electronic part used for this wasFirst electronic part used for this was Vacuum tubes. Vacuum tubes.

Computers invented in this generationComputers invented in this generationwere MARKwere MARK- -1, ENIVAC, EDVAC. IBM 701,1, ENIVAC, EDVAC. IBM 701,IBMIBM 702.702.

They contained 18000 vacuum tube,They contained 18000 vacuum tube,weighed more than 30 tons and occupiedweighed more than 30 tons and occupied1500 sq.ft.1500 sq.ft.


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Advantage of Firs t Gene rat ion Advantage of Firs t Gene rat ion

T hey were able to perform

T hey were able to performthousands of mathematicalthousands of mathematical

operations per minute.operations per minute.


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D isadvantage sD isadvantage s

Very expensive to built andVery expensive to built andoperate.operate.

Used to get overUsed to get over - - heatedheated


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S ec ond Gene rat ion [1954 t o 1964]S ec ond Gene rat ion [1954 t o 1964]

T ransistor were developed inT ransistor were developed in1947 and implemented for1947 and implemented forcomputers in 1950.computers in 1950.

T hey are smaller in sizeT hey are smaller in size

compare to V.T

. [Vacuum tube]compare to V.T

. [Vacuum tube]


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Advantage s Advantage s

S maller in size,S maller in size,

Less Expensive to built,Less Expensive to built,much faster & moremuch faster & more

dependabledependable


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Th ird Gene rat ion [1964 t o 1975]Th ird Gene rat ion [1964 t o 1975]

Basic elements of theseBasic elements of thesecomputers was IC [Integratedcomputers was IC [Integrated

Circuits].Circuits].The combine all the parts ofThe combine all the parts of

computers in a singlecomputers in a single siliconsilicon chip.chip.

Mainframe & minicomputer wereMainframe & minicomputer weremade out of these parts only.made out of these parts only.


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AdvantagesAdvantages

S maller in size,S maller in size,

easier to use,easier to use,fast, affordable & consumesfast, affordable & consumes

less electricity.less electricity.


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For t h Gene rat ion [1980]For t h Gene rat ion [1980]

T his generation is already running.T his generation is already running.T hese are personal computers &T hese are personal computers &

desktop computers used today.desktop computers used today.W hich had all the units likeW hich had all the units likeALU[Arithmatic logic unit], MUALU[Arithmatic logic unit], MU[Memory unit], CU [Control unit][Memory unit], CU [Control unit]


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Fif t h Gene rat ion [1990]Fif t h Gene rat ion [1990]

T hey are still in theT hey are still in theprocess of invention havingprocess of invention havingcapabilities to type as wecapabilities to type as wespeak.speak.

T hese will be theT hese will be thecomputers of the future.computers of the future.


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AdvantagesAdvantages

T hey will be smallerT hey will be smallerT hey will be work faster.T hey will be work faster.less expensive & reliable.less expensive & reliable.


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Parts of computerParts of computer

HardwareHardware S oftwareS oftware


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HardwareHardwareW hat is Hardware?W hat is Hardware?

Hardware is a set of physicalHardware is a set of physicalComponents. W e can seen & touch it.Components. W e can seen & touch it.

E.g. CPU,Monitor,Keyboard,mouseE.g. CPU,Monitor,Keyboard,mouse


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S oftwareS oftwareS oftware is a computersS oftware is a computers

logically parts, we can seen itlogically parts, we can seen itbut dont touch.but dont touch.

All types of O/ S [operating system]All types of O/ S [operating system]

XP, S erver 2003/2008,Vista,linuxXP, S erver 2003/2008,Vista,linuxAll types of software like M S office,All types of software like M S office,

Nero, T ally,etcNero, T ally,etc


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Computer partsComputer partsInput devicesInput devices

Output devicesOutput devicesProcessing devicesProcessing devices

storage devicesstorage devicesPower supplyPower supply


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Input DevicesInput DevicesAny data, which is fed in theAny data, which is fed in the

computer by the user, is knowncomputer by the user, is knownas the input.as the input.

E.g. Keyboard, Mouse, DigitalE.g. Keyboard, Mouse, Digitalcamera, Bar code reader, lightcamera, Bar code reader, lightpen etc.pen etc.


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O u tp u t dev ice sO u tp u t dev ice s

The device that givesThe device that gives

us the processed dataus the processed dataor information isor information iscalled OUTPUT.called OUTPUT.

E.g. Monitor ,printersE.g. Monitor ,printers


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Processing DevicesProcessing Devices

Processing units receive data &Processing units receive data &instructions, S tore theminstructions, S tore themtemporarily and then process thetemporarily and then process the

data as per the instruction given.data as per the instruction given.E.g. MicroprocessorE.g. Microprocessor


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Processing partsProcessing partsArithmetic logic unit [ALU]Arithmetic logic unit [ALU]

Memory unit [MU]Memory unit [MU]Control unit [CU]Control unit [CU]

All the three units together are known as theAll the three units together are known as thecentral processing unit [CPU]central processing unit [CPU]


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Data Data Data is a collection of facts, figures,Data is a collection of facts, figures,

statistics that can be processed to statistics that can be processed to produce meaningful information. produce meaningful information.


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F ile F ile F ile is a collection of any data.F ile is a collection of any data.

E.G.E.G. iant.rtfiant.rtf [WordPad file][WordPad file]iant.dociant.doc [Microsoft word F ile][Microsoft word F ile]iant.xlsiant.xls [Microsoft Excel F ile][Microsoft Excel F ile]

iant.pptiant.ppt [Microsoft PowerPoint F ile][Microsoft PowerPoint F ile]iant.bmpiant.bmp [Mspaint file][Mspaint file]


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Desktop Desktop

T he screen of windows is calledT he screen of windows is called

Desktop.Desktop.It is a collection of Icon, wallpaper,It is a collection of Icon, wallpaper,taskbar etctaskbar etc


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DesktopDesktop


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W allpaperW allpaper

T he background thatT he background thatappears on the desktop isappears on the desktop iscalled wallpaper.called wallpaper.


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IconIcon

Graphical symbols orGraphical symbols orpictures that appear on thepictures that appear on the

wallpaper of desktop are wallpaper of desktop are

called ICON.called ICON.


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IconIcon


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S tart MenuS tart MenuButton which appears at theButton which appears at the

corner of the task bar is calledcorner of the task bar is called

start button.start button.It prompts user to start anIt prompts user to start anapplication.application.


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S tart menuS tart menu

Fundamental of Computer Histo

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