fosil foram besar.pdf

7/27/2019 fosil foram besar.pdf

1/57

Tertiary LargerForaminifera from GuamGEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 403-E


2/57

Tertiary LargerForaminifera from GuamBy W . STORRS COLEGEOLOGY OF GUAM, MARIANA ISLANDS

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 403-EDescription, distribution, and occurrence of speciesrangingfrom the Eocene to the Pleistocene,andcorrelation with faunas of Saipan, Bikini, Eniwetok,Fiji, and the Malayan Archipelago

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1963


3/57

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT O F THE INTERIORSTEW ART L. UDALL, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEYThomas B. Nolan, Director

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OfEceWashington 25, D.C.


4/57

CONTENTS__________________________________

studies of larger Foraminifera from Guam-and correlation of the faunas__---___-

Eocene, Tertiary 6, Alutom Formation.Oligocene, Tertiary c, Alutom Formation_____Miocene, Tertiary e, Umatac Formation______Miocene, Tertiary/________________________

Bonya Limestone______________________Alifan Limestone___-___-____-___-__-__

Miocene, Tertiary g, _______________________Barrigada Limestone-___-___-____-___-_Janum Formation..____________________

Pleistocene, Mariana Limestone_____________Correlation with other areas_________________

-__-_-____-____-__--___--__---_--_not described or illustrated.______________

PageEl

133344779910

10111112

Description of species.________-__---__--__--___----- E12____________________ 12____________________ 12____________________ 14____________________ 17___________--__-_--_ 17

Family Camerinidae ______Genus Comen'reo______Genus Operculina _. _ _.Genus Heterostegina,---Genus Cycloclypeus..-.

Family Alveolinellidae____-Genus Flosculinella_

Family Rotaliidae ________Genus Rotalia- _______Genus Streblus ______

Family Miogypsinidae_____Genus Miogypsinoides.

Family Orbitoididae..Genus Lepidocyclina...

Family Discocyclinidae, _ _Genus Asterocyclina---References cited_______--_-__-Index_ ____-__--__----_--_---

202020202020212124242427

ILLUSTRATIONSPlates 1-11 follow index]

1. Oligocene Camerina.2. Eocene Operculina, Eocene and Oligocene Camerina.3. Miocene and Pleistocene Operculina.4. Miocene Operculina.5. Eocene Heterostegina and Operculina; Miocene Operculina, Rotalia, and Streblus; Recent Operculina.6 . Miocene to Recent Cycloclypeus.7. Miocene Cycloclypeus.8. Miocene to Recent Cycloclypeus.9. Eocene Asterocyclina; Miocene Cycloclypeus, Flosculinella, Lepidocyclina, and Miogypsinoides.

10 . Miocene Lepidocyclina.11 . Miocene Lepidocyclina.1. Localities of collections of larger Foraminifera, Guam.

PageE2

TABLESPage

Distribution of species in the Alutom Formation...-- _-.______-_-__---_-_-------_-------------------------2. Distribution of species in the Maemong Limestone Member and Bolanos Pyroclastic Member of the UmatacFormation__-_____-______________________________________-__--_-_-----------_---------------------3. Distribution of species in the Bonya Limestone___ __________-__-_--_-__--------_-------------------------4. Distribution of species in lower part of the Alifan Limestone _____________------------_--------------------5. Distribution of species in upper part of the Alifan Limestone___--_-------_--------------------------------6 . Distribution of species in the Barrigada Limestone-------------------------------------------------------7. Distribution of species in the Mariana Limestone--------------------------------------------------------8. Generalized correlation between Guam, Saipan, and Eniwetok Atoll-_____-_--_----------------------------- Hni


5/57


6/57

G E O L O G Y O F G U A M , M A R I A N A I S L A N D S

TERTIARY LARGER FORAMINIFERA F R O M GUAM

B y W . STORRS COLE

ABSTRACTThe distribution and occurrence of larger Foraminifera

ranging in age from Eocene, Tertiary b, to Pleistocene on Guamare given in this report. Species that have not been discussedin previous studies of this general area are illustrated anddescribed in detail, but most of the well-known species are onlylisted.Twenty-one species were found in the Alutom Formation.These species, with the exception of Camerina fichteli whichoccurred at two localities, are known to be diagnostic of theEocene, Tertiary b. Camerina fichteli is considered to be diagnostic of the Oligocene, Tertiary c and d, in the Malayan Archipelago. Certain localities on Guam, at which the limestonebeds containing larger Foraminifera were known to be in theiroriginal position, and at which Camerina fichteli was not found,are assigned to Tertiary b. Other localities, at which Camerina

was found in association with assumed reworked Tertiaryb species, are assigned to Tertiary c. Certain other localitiesin the Alutom Formation could be either Eocene or Oligocene.

The Maemong Limestone Member of the Umatac Formation,with a fauna of 18 species, is assigned to the Miocene, Tertiarye, and is divided into two paleontologic zones. This limestonecorrelates with the Tagpochau Limestone of Saipan. TheBolanos Pyroclastic Member, which overlies the MaemongLimestone Member, is either late Tertiary e or early Tertiary

(Miocene) in age, or both. The fauna obtained from bouldersand matrix material in this conglomerate is the same as thatfrom the Maemong Limestone Member.

Fifteen species, of which all but one had been recorded previously from the Futuna Limestone of Lau, Fiji, were found inthe Bonya Limestone of Tertiary / Miocene) age.

The lower part of the Alifan Limestone, in which Rotaliaatjehensis and Miogypsinoides cupulaeformis were found, maycorrelate with the upper part of the Bonya Limestone or beslightly younger. The part of the Alifan Limestone that contains a Cycloclypeus-Operculina fauna may be still younger,and may be equivalent to the Barrigada Limestone of Tertiaryg (Miocene) age.

The Barrigada Limestone, which contained only three diagnostic species of larger Foraminifera, is assigned to Tertiaryg (Miocene), because these species were found in drill holes onBikini and Eniwetok Atolls in strata that were assumed torepresent this stage.

The fore-reef facies was the only part of the Mariana Limestonethat contained recognizable larger Foraminifera. This facies,with abundant Calcarina spengleri, is Pleistocene or Recent in

INTRODUCTIONThe larger Foraminifera of Guam are similar to those

found on Saipan (Cole and Bridge, 1953; Cole, 1957a),in the drill holes on Bikini Atoll (Cole, 1954) andEniwetok Atoll (Cole, I957b), on Lau, Fiji (Cole,1945), and at numerous localities in the MalayanArchipelago. The similarities of these faunas to thosepreviously described are so great that all the speciesfound in the sediments on Guam could be referred tospecies described from these other areas. Moreover,the association of species within a given fauna andthe stratigraphic ranges of the genera and species areidentical with those of adjacent areas and the MalayanArchipelago.The letter classification first proposed by Van derVlerk and Umbgrove (1927), and subsequently modifiedby Van der Vlerk (1955) for the subdivision of strata inthe Malayan Archipelago, is used for Guam as it wasin previous reports on adjacent areas. Faunas whichcharacterize Tertiary b (Eocene), Tertiary c (lowerOligocene), Tertiary e (Miocene), Tertiary/ (Miocene),Tertiary g (Miocene), and Pleistocene were found onGuam.The stratigraphic section of Guam is more completethan that of Saipan, in that species of larger Foraminifera that characterize Tertiary c, Tertiary /, andTertiary g were found on Guam, but they were notpresent in any of the material collected on Saipan.The most striking similarity between faunas was apparent in collections from widely separated areasbetween the Tertiary / auna of the Bonya Limestoneof Guam and the Tertiary / fauna of the FutunaLimestone (Ladd and Hoffmeister, 1945, p. 36 ) ofLau, Fiji.Whenever it was possible, specimens that could beseparated from the matrix were studied first. Thesespecimens were identified not only by their externalappearance, but also by oriented thin sections. Thesamples that could not be reduced to free the specimens

El


7/57

E2 GEOLOGY OF GUAM, MARIANA ISLANDS

1 2 3 Milesj____I____I

FIGURE 1 . Localities of collections of larger Foraminifera, Guam.


8/57

TERTIARY LARGER FORAMINIFERA FROM GUAM E3were studied by means of random thin sections. Normally, a minimum of three thin sections was preparedfrom each sample. At many localities more than onesample was taken; therefore, numerous thin sectionswere available from these localities. The locations ofthe localities from which the samples were collectedare shown on figure 1. The thin sections and specimens are deposited in the U.S. National Museum.PREVIOUS STUDIESO F LARGER FORAMINIFERA FR OMGUAM

In 1938, Captain Spencer L. Higgins of the U.S.Navy Medical Corps sent the writer specimens of largerForaminifera from fourteen localities on Guam. Sixspecies from this collection were identified, and twospecimens of Lepidocyclina were illustrated withoutbeing identified specifically (Cole, 1939). A ll the localities at which recognizable species occurred were as-signed to the lower Miocene, Tertiary e.

The localities D 7, D 10 , D 11 , D 12 , C 23 , and C 27were correctly assigned to Tertiary e and represent theMaemong Limestone member. Locality D 12 definitely belongs in the Miogypsinoides dehaartii zone,and D 10 and D 11 probably belong in this zone. Locality D 7 definitely, and C 27 probably, should beassigned to the Heterostegina borneensis zone.

Localities C 23 and C 64, from which specimensidentified as Rotalia schroeteriana (~R. atjehensis) wereobtained, represent the Bonya Limestone of Tertiary/age rather than Tertiary e. However, Cole (1939) observedcorrectly that these localities were stratigraphicallyyounger than the others because of the presence ofreworked specimens of Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina)parva (=L. (N.) sumatrensis) in the limestone fromlocality C 23 .

The sample from locality D 7 was reexamined duringthis study, and two specimens of Heterostegina borneensis, which had been overlooked in the original study,were found.

Kecently, Cloud and Cole (1953) listed and brieflydiscussed the occurrence on Guam of certain largerForaminifera from one locality that they believed tobe Eocene in age.DISTRIBUTION AN D CORRELATION O F TH E FAUNAS

EOCENE, TERTIARY b, ALUTOM FORMATIONDiagnostic Tertiary b (Eocene) genera and species of

larger Foraminifera occurred in abundance at certainlocalities within the Alutom Formation. The distribution of these species is shown on table 1, including their

TABLE 1Distribution of species in the Alutom Formation[Matrix-free specimens: x. Specimens in thin sections: a, abundant; c, common; r, rare]

Species

Asterocydlna matanzensisCole_____.__ . _ _ _Biplanispira fulgeria(Whipple).....mirabilis Umbgrove).Camerina djokdjokarta(Martin) ______fichteli (Michelotti)pengaronensis (Ver-Discocydina omphala(Fritsch).. ..........Eorupertia plecte (Chap-Fabiania saipanensisCole...... ..........Oypsina vesicularis

Halkyardia bikiniensisCole... ......... ....Heterostegina aeguatoriaOperculina eniwetokensis

Pettatispira orbitoideaSpiroclypeus vermicularisTan. ........ .......

Ag e and occurrence, locality, sample numberEocene in original position

Hjl1

c

2

c

3

r

r

4

c

5

rr

r

cr

6

a

8

a

10

r

1 1Ek72 3

Eocene or Oligocene with reworked Eocene

Dil1

Fn21

Hi 61

Hn51 3

Iml1

J121

Jm 11

Oligocene with reworked Eocene

Ejl1

X

X

Fk31

X

Fk41

c

c

3

r

r

a

4

cr

7

ca

r

8

ra

9

ra

Fk51

X

X

X

X

Saipan

XX

XX

X

XXX

X

X

X

X

XXX

Eni-wetok

XXXXX

X

X

XX

XX

XXXXXX


9/57

E4 GEOLOGY OF GUAM, MARIANA ISLANDSoccurrence on Saipan (Cole, 1957a, p. 322) and in theEniwetok drill holes (Cole, 1957b, p. 749).

At two localities (E j 1 and Fk 3), numerous specimensof Camerina fichteli, a species which elsewhere in theIndo-Pacific region previously had been reported onlyin Tertiary c and Tertiary d (Oligocene) deposits, werefound in association with typical and diagnosticTertiary b (Eocene) genera and species.Cole (Cloud and Cole, 1953, p. 323) previously hadidentified several of the species from Cloud's localityMGC5 (which is the same locality as Fk 3), and hadconcluded that the fossils demonstrated a Tertiary b(Eocene) ag e for this locality. Cole had recognized thepresence of Camerina fichteli in this fauna, but hadthought that the abundant and well-known Eocenespecies which were present at this locality could nothave been reworked. Therefore, he suggested that onGuam, at least, the range of C. fichteli would have to beextended downward into the Eocene (Tertiary 6 ).

There is still a distinct possibility that this suggestion is the correct one. However, at the two localities (Hj 1 and Ek 7) within the Alutom Formationwhere the limestones are known to be in their originalposition, no specimens of Camerina fichteli were found.Moreover, C. fichteli w as found in the matrix materialfrom locality Fk 3, but specimens of this species werenot found in the thin sections made from reworked-limestone fragments of definite Tertiary b ag e collectedat locality Fk 4, which is a few feet from locality Fk 3and at the same stratigraphic level.

Inasmuch as Camerina fichteli only occurred withknown Tertiary b genera and species at localities wherethe specimens could be readily separated from thematrix material, there is the distinct possibility thatthese localities represent Tertiary c (Oligocene) accumulations into which reworked Tertiary b (Eocene)genera and species were carried.

Although it is impossible with the data at hand topresent convincing evidence as to which possibility iscorrect, the writer favors the postulate that the upperpart of the Alutom Formation is Tertiary c in age withreworked Eocene species. Elsewhere in the Indo-Pacific area, Camerina fichteli is found consistently instrata assigned to Tertiary c + d and has not beenreported previously with Eocene species.Reworked specimens occur abundantly in certain ofthe younger formation on Guam; for example, in theBonya Limestone. Rutten (1948, p. 170) has reportedthat on Borneo, numerous Tertiary b species werefound associated with a typical Tertiary e (Miocene)fauna, 1 and many other examples could be cited.

Fossiliferous samples were collected at 13 localitiesin the Alutom Formation (table 1) . At tw o localities

1 The specimen identified by Rutten (1948, fig. 3) as Lockhartia sp. is not thatgenus, but an oblique section of Pettatispira.

(Hj 1 and Ek 7), the limestones are known to be intheir original positions. These localities are placed definitely in Tertiary b . Seven localities (Di 1 throughJm 1, table 1) could be either Tertiary b or Tertiaryc At these localities, only Tertiary b species werefound, possibly because the samples were small andCamerina fichteli might not have been collected. Inthe geologic mapping of the Guam area, localities Di 1Hn 5, Im 1, Jl 2, Jm 1, and Fk 5 were thought to bestratigraphically equivalent to Fk 3; and Hi 6 w asthought to be stratigraphically higher than Fk 3Therefore, on the basis of field evidence, all of theselocalities are thought to be of Tertiary c (Oligocene) age

OLIGOCENE, TERTIARY c, ALUTOM FORMATIONThe occurrence of Camerina fichteli at two localities

within the Alutom Formation has been discussed aboveThese localities (Ej 1 and Fk 3, table 1) are assignedto the Tertiary c (Oligocene) on the assumption thathe Tertiary b species that accompany C. fichteli arereworked.

Localities Fk4 and Fk 5 are assigned to Tertiary c ontheir known stratigraphic position in the field. Locality Fk 4 is within a fe w feet of Fk 3, and Fk 5 is closeto both. The fauna from locality Fk 4 is known onlyfrom thin sections made from limestone boulders, andas would be expected, contains only Tertiary b speciesMatrix material from this locality would contain, without doubt, specimens of Camerina fichteli. The faunafrom locality Fk 5 is known only from six specimensthat were collected on the outcrop and is not representative of the potential fauna from this locality

MIOCENE, TERTIARY c, UMATAC FORMATIONMaemong Limestone Member . The distribution of

the species from 37 samples from 19 localities in theMaeiiiong Limestone Member is shown on table 2Although Heterostegina borneensis w as found only athree localities, five other localities are assigned to thiszone, as they had species commonly associated withH. borneensis. Eleven localities are referred to theMiogypsinoides dehaartii zone, either because of thepresence of this species, or because of the presence ofspecies which normally are associated with M.dehaartii .

Cole (1957a, p. 324) divided the Tertiary e stage ofSaipan into two paleontological zones, a lower zonecharacterized by Heterostegina borneensis, and an upperzone based on the presence of Miogypsinoides dehaartiior , in its absence, on species that were found associatedwith it elsewhere.

Recently, the question has been raised as to whetherthese zones are completely distinct chronologically,inasmuch as they appear to represent two distinctfacies (Schlanger, written communication). Schlangerinterprets most of the sediments referred to the Mio-


10/57

TB

2DsrboosenhMmLmoMmohUaFmo

[Max

meX.Smenhnoaa

ccmmo

ppoyh

e

Se

B

pmHw__

Ldn(Kednepod

(N

ednsm

B

Mion(Mionth

om

(Re___

Miondbam

T.

d

VdVek

Sez

oysamenm

Heenb

E 1 r cE 1 r rE 1 r a ,E l a c rE 1 c rE2 1 a c cD 1 a cH 1 P P

Miondd

E 1 r rE 2 r rE 1 PF 1 r r r a

G1 c r2 r3 r4

H

1 r a2 a4 c

5 C6 r7 .8 C

Hi

1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a a

Hi1 r2 r r3 r r

H 1 c a2 r a

H1 c c2 r c c3 C c

I5 1 a

Cana

wokE

eCmnp

aHkabkne

TB

2DsrboosenhBaPocMmohUaFmo

[Max

meX.Smenhn

oaa

cmmo

ppoyh

e

S

ez

oysamenm

Se

Heenb

VadVlek.

Ldn(Eednepod

(N

ednccmd

Ce

Man

e

QuaGmd

Mion(Mionthdom

(Re__

Heenb

I6

11 r3 c a3 c

a34 a c35 c

a36 c

a3 c

a38 c c3 X

Miondd

E1 a2 a4 a5 a

F 1 aF4 1 X X X

F61 c c2 r r3 r a5 a6

a7 -

F21 c2 a34 a5 a

G 2 C3

G41

234 r

Id2 1 r

I6

2 c3 c c4 c c

7 a c8 c

9 -1 a14 cIS r1 a17 a18 r r2 r2 c2 a2 c23 r c

I9 2 r atel


11/57

E6 GE OLOGY OF G UAM, MARIANA ISLANDSgypsinoides dehaartii zone as forming on or near the reefw all in shallow water, and most of the sediments referredto the Heterostegina borneensis zone as having been deposited as fore-reef talus in deeper water. Thus,he suggests that the tw o paleontologic zones could be in partstratigraphically equivalent, rather than one beingyounger than the other.

Leupold and Van der Vlerk (1931, table 2) gave thestratigraphic ranges of Heterostegina borneensis asTertiary ei_ 4 , of Miogypsinoides dehaartii as e 4 _ 5 , andof Miogypsina (Miogypsina) as e 5 through / . Later,Van der Vlerk gave these same stratigraphic ranges forH. borneensis and M. (Miogypsina) on figure 1 of areport published in 1948, but in the text (p . 6 1) hestated that M. (Miogypsina) occurred with H. borneensisin the lower part of Tertiary e. Recently, Van derVlerk (1955, table 1) published another chart on whichhe showed H. borneensis as restricted to lower Tertiarye, and M. (Miogypsina) as first appearing in upperTertiary e. Rutten (in Bemmelen, 1949, table 13),following Van der Vlerk's 1948 range chart, gave overlapping ranges for H. borneensis and M. (Miogypsina),whereas Mohler (1949, fig. 3) did not show any M.(Miogypsina) below Tertiary e 5 .

In the Bikini drill holes and on Saipan, Heterosteginaborneensis and Miogypsinoides dehaartii did not occurtogether. At many localities on Saipan, M. dehaartiiwas accompanied by Miogypsina (Miogypsina). In theBikini drill holes, the M. dehaartii zone occurredstratigraphically higher than the Heterostegina zone(Cole, 1954, p. 572). On Saipan it was impossible tocheck absolutely the stratigraphic relationship betweenthe two zones, Hit in situations where a partial checkcould be made, the H. borneensis zone appeared to bestratigraphically lower than the M. dehaartii zone.

However, in the study of the samples from theEniwetok drill holes, a few specimens identified asHeterostegina borneensis (Cole, 1957a, p. 747) werefound at a depth of 1,210 to 1,220 feet in associationwith Miogypsinoides dehaartii . The zone of abundantH. borneensis did not appear in these drill holes until adepth of 1,688 to 1,925 feet was reached.A core taken in the Eniwetok drill hole F-l, between1,230 and 1,248 feet (core 3), contained Miogypsinoidesdehaartii andrare specimens of Miogypsina (Miogypsina)thecideaeformis, but did not show any specimens ofHeterostegina borneensis. Thus, in the Saipan, Guam,and Eniwetok drill holes, Miogypsina (Miogypsina)and Miogypsinoides occur together, but H. borneensiswas found in association with Miogypsinoides dehaartiiin only one sample of cuttings in the Eniwetok drillholes.

Moreover, abundant Heterostegina borneensis havenot been found with Miogypsinoides dehaartii and

Miogypsina (Miogypsina). In every situation wherethe stratigraphic relationship of the zones could beobserved, the zone of abundant H. borneensis appearedto be stratigraphically lower than the zone of abundantMiogypsinoides and Miogypsina (Miogypsina).

However, the one occurrence of Heterostegina borneensi s with Miogypsinoides dehaartii in Eniwetok drill holeF-l shows that the top part of the H. borneensis zonein the central Pacific overlaps the basal part of the M.dehaartii zone.

In the Caribbean region, miogypsinids and Heterostegina are found commonly in association in rocks ofOligocene and Miocene age, and in this region, at least,they appear to respond to the same ecological controls.Insofar as ecological conditions can be interpreted,there is no valid reason why miogypsinids and Heterostegina should not occur together in the centralPacific as they do in the Caribbean area and elsewhere.

Data available from the Malayan Archipelago andfrom areas adjacent to Guam indicate that Heterosteginaborneensis is seemingly limited to the lower Tertiary estage, with the exception of one drill hole on EniwetokAtoll, where a fe w specimens assigned to this specieswere found in the basal part of upper Tertiary e.Miogypsinoides dehaartii , and probably Miogypsina(Miogypsina), seemingly is confined to upper Tertiary eand stratigraphically younger stages.

Therefore, it would seem from the evidence giventhat spatial separation of these two paleontologiczones on Guam may be due to a combination of ecologicand chronologic factors.Bolanos P yroclastic Member. The distribution of thespecies found in 52 samples collected from 10 localitieswithin this member is shown on table 2. A ll the largerForaminifera except those from localities li 6-39 andFi 4-1 came from limestone boulders collected fromthis conglomerate, and therefore represent reworkedmaterial from the underlying Maemong LimestoneMember. The matrix-free specimens from localitiesli 6-39 and Fi 4-1 either may be reworked specimens,or they may have been living in the area when theBolanos Pyroclastic Member w as deposited.

Nine samples from one locality (li 6 ) contain theHeterostegina borneensis fauna, but 18 other samplesfrom this same locality contain the Miogypsinoidesdehaartii fauna. The faunas from the other 9 localitiesare those of the Miogypsinoides dehaartii zone.

Inasmuch as all the larger Foraminifera found in theBolanos Member are known to occur in Tertiary eor older beds, it is impossible to make an exact ag eassignment, as the field relationship as well as thefossils demonstrate that most of the boulders containinglarger Foraminifera were derived from the underlyingMaemong Limestone Member. A s mentioned above,


12/57

TERTIARY LARGER FORAMINIFERA FROM GUAM E7the few matrix-free specimens also could have beenreworked.

One sample from locality li 8 represented an Eocenecobble containing abundant specimens of Biplanispiramirabilis and rare specimens of Eorupertia plecte andFabiania saipanensis. Inasmuch as this w as the onlyEocene material submitted from the Bolanos PyroclasticMember, it is not plotted on table 2.

Although Tertiary / species were not found, theBolanos Member could have accumulated duringTertiary / ime in a situation that was unfavorablefor the development of Tertiary/ pecies. Therefore,the Bolanos Member must have been deposited afterthe accumulation of upper Tertiary e sediments containing Miogypsinoides dehaartii , and before theaccumulation of the Bonya Limestone of the Tertiary/stage, as the Bolanos Member represents either lateTertiary e or early Tertiary/ ime, or both.

MIOCENE, TERTIARY cBONYA LIMESTONE

Fifty-four samples from 19 localities in the BonyaLimestone were examined (table 3). The fauna oflarger Foraminifera in this formation proves that it isequivalent stratigraphically to the upper part of theFutuna Limestone (Ladd and Hoffmeister, 1945, p. 36 )of Lau, Fiji. Cole (1945, p. 272) assigned the FutunaLimestone to Tertiary / (Miocene). The species oflarger Foraminifera found in the Bonya and FutunaLimestones have been reported from many Tertiary/localities in Borneo, Java, and elsewhere in the Indo-Pacific area. One of the first described faunas of thisage was the on e from the vicinity of Rembang, Java,published by Douville (1916, p. 19).Cole (1945, table 18 ) listed 30 species and subspeciesof larger Foraminifera from the Futuna Limestone ofLau, Fiji. This number of species and subspecies is

TABLE 3Distribution of species in the Bonya Limestone[Matrix-free specimens: x. Specimens from thin sections: a, abundant; c, common; r, rare. Thin sections contain reworked Tertiary e species shown by footnotes]

Species

Flosculinella bontangensis (Rutten). .. . ._._Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) japonica Yabe._

Mlogypsinoides cupulaeformis (Zuffardi-Operculma. ammonoides (Qronovius) . ._....Rotalia atjehensis Van der Vlerk _... _ . _.

Species

Cycloclypeus (Cyclodypeus) indopadficus Tan__

Miogypsinoides cupulaeformis (Zuffardi-

Locality an d sample numberFi3

1

P

a

2

rc

13

c

4

c

FiS2 1

Q

a

32

a

Gi21

a

2

rc

3

a

4

c

6

a

Gi441

c

52

c

63

c

Qjl1

rc

2

a

3

ra

GJ6M

a

82

c

ai

ca

72

r

ca

G J91XXX

XXXX

2XXX

XXXX

4XXX

XXXX

Hi 21

r

crra

2

P

rra

3

rrra

Locality and sample numberIh5

2P

c

3P

c

4P

c

5

r

6

a

7

c

8

c

IhlO1

a

2

a

Ihl41

a

2

a

Jjl1

a

2

3

r

JJ31

a

2

Qc

3

c

JJ52

c

3

c

JJ81

JJ91

r

2

r

3

X

xX

Rrl31

a

r

r

Ts21

a

r

laarr

r

r

Ibcr

r

r

1 Gypsina marianensis.2 Pebble with Tertiary e Lepidocyclina.3 Gypsina marianensis, Miogypsina theddeaeformis.4 Spiroclypeus higginsi.Spiroclypeus higginsi, Miogypsinoides dehaartii, Lepidocyclina ephippioides.Spiroclypeus higginsi, Lepidocyclina ephippioides.i Miogypsina theddeaeformis, Miogypsinoides dehaartii.8 Streblus saipanensis.


13/57

E8 GE OLOGY OF GUAM, MARIANA ISLANDSmisleading, because, at the time the identificationswere made, Cole attempted to recognize the varioussubspecies of Cycloclypeus proposed by Tan (1932)in his monograph on this genus. Moreover, certainspecies were not identified correctly; for example,C. (Cycloclypeus) eidae. Certain specimens from theFutuna Limestone previously assigned to this speciesare known now to be C. (C.) posteidae, and others represent C. (C.} indopacificus.

The list of species and subspecies from the FutunaLimestone, therefore, can be reduced from 30 to 27by the elimination of the subspecies of Cycloclypeusand the species of this genus that were not identifiedcorrectly. Additional reduction in the number ofspecies in the Futuna Limestone might be possibleif the species of the other genera present were re-studied critically.

Fifteen species were identified in the samples fromthe Bonya Limestone. Thirteen of these speciesare common to the Futuna Limestone of Lau, Fiji.The only species found in the Bonya Limestone thatwere not reported from Lau, Fiji, are Flosculinellabontangensis and Eotalia atjehensis. Four of thespecies from the Bonya Limestone occur at Rembang,

Java (Douville, 1916). The following table namesthe species common to these three areas.

Cycloclypeus (Cycloclypeus) indopacificus Tan.


BonyaLimestone,GuamXXXXXX

X

FutunaLimestone,Lau, FijiX

Rembang,Java

X

The most striking and largest species of the Bonyaassemblage is Cycloclypeus (Katacycloclypeus) annulatus,which occurred at 7 of the 19 localities. Variousspecies of Lepiodocyclina occurred at 12 of the 19localities. At five localities, Cycloclypeus (Katacycloclypeus) and Lepidocyclina occurred together. Flosculinella bontangensis was found at only two localities.The distribution of these species in the Bonya Limestone is shown in the following table:

Distribution of species of Cycloclypeus (Katacycloclypeus), Flosculinella and Lepidocyclina in th e Bonya LimestoneSpecie Locality

C. (K.) annulatus __ _______ _ _ ________ _ _ __martini _ _______________ ___F. bontangensis_ ___ ___ _____ __ _L. ( A T . ) japonica _ _____ ________ _ ___ _martini _ ___ _______rutteni ___ _________sumatrensis _ _ _ _ _ _

Fi3

v

v

Fi5

Vv

Gi2v

G J1Xv

Gj6

v

v

G J7yVVyv

G J9y

Hi 2 Ih5yyV

JJ1

y

JJ3

y

JJ5

y

y

JJ9

yVyy

Rrl3

y

Ts2yV

V

Four localities assigned to the Bonya Limestonehad a very small fauna. These are localities G i 4(with Operculina venosa and Eotalia atjehensis), Ih 10(with 0. bartschi and R. atjehensis}, Ih 14 (with 0.bartschi, Operculina venosa and B. atjehensis), andJj 8 (with Marginopora vertebralis).

ALIFAN LIMESTONE

The distribution of the species found in 48 samplesfrom 17 localities in the Alifan Limestone Formationis shown on tables 4 and 5. The faunas from the lowerpart of the formation in the Santa Rosa-Yona and theMount Alifan-Lamlam-Fena Basin areas (table 4)will be discussed first.

Rotalia atjehensis, a species which was found in mostof the samples from the Bonya Limestone, was presentin al l the samples that contained larger Foraminiferafrom these two areas. Miogypsinoides cupulaeformis,

the only other species recorded, was found at threelocalities in the Santa Rosa-Yona area. In comparison,this species was present in the Bonya Limestone atseven localities. Although a careful search was made,no specimens, or even fragments, were found thatwould suggest the presence of other species of largerForaminifera in the samples from these two areas.

The presence of Rotalia atjehensis in all the samplesthat contained Foraminifera from the lower part ofthe Alifan Limestone and the presence of Miogypsinoides cupulaeformis in certain of the samples, suggestthat the lower part of the formation may correlate witha part of the Bonya Limestone. If a correlationcould be made, the unit would be either the same ag eor slightly younger than the upper part of the BonyaLimestone.The disappearance of the other species which werefound in that part of the Bonya Limestone that might


14/57

TERTIARY LARGER FORAMINIFERA FROM GUAM E9

TABLE 4.Distribution of species in lower part of the Alifan Limestone[Specimens in thin sections: a, abundant; c, common; r, rare]

Species


Locality and sample numberYona and Santa Rosa area

J132

a

Rs 11

r

Ts91

ra

Tsl61

a

3

a

4

a

5

a

6

C

9

ra

1 0

a

1 1

a

1 2

ra

13

ra

Tt 71

r

2

c

Mount Alifan-Lamlam-Fena basin areaDi2

1

r

Eh 31

c

2

c

3

c

4

C

5

c

6

c

7

r

8

r

FJ51

c

2

c

G J21

r

Gj81

r

2

r

GjlO1

c

2

r

3

c

be equivalent to a part of the Alifan Limestone maybe the result of environmental factors. It is wellestablished that certain species of rotalids are able tomaintain themselves both in shallow and brackishwater (Hedberg, 1934, p. 475) where other species arenot able to survive.

Bemmelen (1949, p. 123) published a diagram whichshows the "facies alterations of the Tertiary in the'Atjeh I' terrain of Sumatra." One of the zonesrecognized is a Rotaha zone. The conditions illustratedby this diagram appear to represent a situation comparable to that in the Rotalia zone of the AlifanLimestone.

In south Guam certain limestones that were mappedas an upper part of the Alifan Limestone contain adifferent association of larger Foraminifera (table 5).This part of the Alifan Limestone has a fauna that ismore closely related to post-Miocene faunas than tothose of Tertiary /. If species with known longstratigraphic ranges, such as operculinoids, are disregarded, Cycloclypeus (Cycloclypeus) carpenteri becomes the critical species for ag e determination.Cycloclypeus (Cycloclypeus) carpenteri has been reported as ranging from Tertiary g to Recent (Umbgrove,1931, table, p. 80), but Tan (1932, p. 77) has stated:" * * * we are of the opinion that Cyd. carpentericharacterizes a Post-Miocene age."

The limestones mapped as Alifan thus contain faunasthat seemingly are of two distinct ages. The Rotaliafauna appears to be related to the Tertiary / fauna ofthe Bonya Limestone, and the Cyclodypeus-Operculinafauna is seemingly post-Miocene in age and related toknown Pleistocene faunas.

Stratigraphic ranges of the larger Foraminifera frommid-Miocene to Recent, however, are not completelyknown. Therefore, it is entirely possible that Cydodypeus carpenteri did exist from Tertiary g (Miocene)to Recent. The field evidence shows that the upperpart of the Alifan Limestone, which contains theCyclodypeus-Operculina fauna, is pre-Mariana in age.

MIOCENE, TERTIARY gBARRIGADA LIMESTONE

Thirty-three samples from 23 localities in the Barri-gada Limestone were examined, and the distributionof the species found is shown in table 6 . Three speciesof larger Foraminifera are present, of which Operculinarectilata is the largest and most distinctive.Operculina lucidisutura and 0. rectilata were describedfrom samples recovered from the Bikini drill holes(Cole, 1954, p. 575), and later were found in theEniwetok driU holes (Cole, 1957b, p. 745). Thesespecies occurred in strata assigned to Tertiary g(Miocene).

Table 5Distribution of species in upper part of the Alifan Limestone[Specimens in thin sections: a, abundant; c , common; r, rare; p, probably this species]

Locality and sample number

Species Cnl1

Ig71

P

Ig1

82 2 3 4

Ii5

r

'96

r

7

P

r

8

C

r

9

p10

P

Ihll3

r

Ih2

P

124

P

649574 O 62-


15/57

E10 GEOLOGY OF GUAM, MARIANA ISLANDST ABLE 6.Distribution of species in the Barrigada Limestone

[Specimens in thin sections: a, abundant; c, common; r, rare; p, probably this species]

Species

Cycloclypeus(Cycloclypeus)postindopacificusTan.______ .Operculina,lucidisuturaCole.

Locality and sample numberNpl

2

P

Np2

1

c

Nq2

1

P

2

Ncil4

1

Nr 1

4

Oql

1

Oq2

1

Osl

2 3

Otl

2 3

P

Ou6

2 3

Ov4

1 3

Ov5

1 2

Ov73

Pr 2

3

c

4

r

Pv71

c

PvlO

2 3

r

c

4

c

c

Qrl

1

St8

1

r

St34

1

cc

Svl

3

r

c

4

r

c

Sv31

P

r

Sv41

rr

S

rra

In all the drill holes, these operculinid species occurredstratigraphically higher than Miogypsinoides cupulae-formis, a species that occurs also on Guam in the Bonyaand Alifan Limestones. Inasmuch as the BonyaLimestone is known from field evidence to underlieboth the Barrigada Limestone and the lower part ofthe Alifan Limestone, the stratigraphic distribution ofthe species in both areas seems to be the same.

JANUM FORMATION

The Janum Formation is placed in Tertiary g largelyon field evidence. Thin sections from three samples(Ts 5-14, Ts 5-15, Ts 5-16) were examined for largerForaminifera. These thin sections contained abundantpelagic-type smaller Foraminifera, but no diagnosticlarger ones were observed except in the thin sectionsfrom sample Ts 5-15, which contained several smallLepidocyclina. At least one of these lepidocyclinesappeared to be in a small pebble.Although the lepidocyclines were studied in detail,it was impossible to be absolutely certain of theirspecific identification because they were present onlyas off-center and tangential vertical sections. Thesesections most nearly resemble those of Lepidocyclina(Nephrolepidina) martini. A s this is a Tertiary f species, and as the specimens are believed to be reworked,

the paleontologic evidence, slight as it is, substantiatthe field evidence that the Janum Formation is Tetiary g in age. Moreover, thin sections from a whiporous limestone (sample Ts 5-10), which occursthe base of the Janum Formation, contain Operculinrectilata and Cycloclypeus (Cycloclypeus} postindopacicus. These species, which are characteristic of thBarrigada Limestone elsewhere, occur in limestone thatlithologically similar to the Barrigada Limestone. Thbasal limestone, however, contains, in addition, smallForaminifera that occur in the overlying Janum Formtion. The Janum Formation thus either may bedeeper-water facies of the Barrigada Limestone, orunit slightly younger than the typical BarrigadLimestone.

PLEISTOCENE, MARIANA LIMESTONEThe distribution of Pleistocene species from thre

localities in the Mariana Limestone, represented bthree samples, arid from three localities in the fore-refacies of the Mariana Limestone, represented by fousamples, is shown in table 7. The typical, corrallierous part of the Mariana Limestone seemingly doenot contain larger Foraminifera.

The fore-reef facies was deposited as a fore-reef acumulation during Pleistocene time. A ll the specie

TABLE 7.Distribution of species in the Mariana Limestone[a , abundant; c , common; r, rare]

Species

Amphistegina madagascariensis d'OrbignyBaculogypsina sphaerulata (Parker and Jones) _ _ _ _ _ _ _Calcarina spengleri (Gmelin)Cycloclypeus (Cycloclypeus) carpenteri H. B. Brady_Heterostegina suborbicularis d'OrbignyMarginopora vertebralis Quov and GaimardOperculina bartschi Cushman

Fore-reef faciesJh l

1

ara

r

2

cra

r

Ji 11

rrc

Uu 31

CCar

Mariana LimestoneCm 3

1

r

Cm 41

C

Ov 62

a

c

Locality and sample number


16/57

TERTIARY LARGER FORAMINIFERA FROM GUAM Ellfound are still living. Although certain species, Operulina bartschi for example, in this fauna are known toccur in Tertiary /deposits on Guam, other species,uch as Cycloclypeus carpenteri, are thought to havehorter stratigraphic ranges. Calcarina spengleri , which

the Bikini drill holss did not appear to range below5 feet (Todd and Post, 1954, p. 551), probably reprea Pleistocene and Recent species.

CORRELATION WITH OTHER AREASThe faunas of larger Foraminifera found on Guam,that most of the localities can be referred to

he time scale developed and later modernized by(1955, p. 72 ) for Indonesia. Moreover,can be made between Guam, Saipan,

drill holes on Bikini and Eniwetok Atolls, andTable 8 shows the salient features of this

and some of the diagnostic species on whichis based.PALEOECOLOGY

Paleoecological conditions that prevail on Guam arein part by the genera and the abundance ofpecies of larger Foraminifera at the different localities.t should be recognized, however, that some of thewere transported from the substratum on which

animal lived after these tests were abandoned byprotoplasm in the reproductive cycle.

The fauna of the fore-reef facies of the Marianadominated by Amphistegina and Calcarina,

probably lived on a reef flat of the kind developedBikini Atoll. Cushman (1921, p. 352) stated that

Calcarina "* * * is very common in the Philippinein warm shallow waters, where it

is sometimes abundant." Cushman, Todd, and Post(1954, p. 319) stated that at Bikini Atoll the fauna ofthe reef flat "* * * is characterized by large percentages of Calcarina spengleri * * *." These testsaccumulated, however, as detrital deposits off the reef.

The upper Alifan fauna of south Guam and theBarrigada fauna are characterized by Cycloclypeus andOperculina. Cycloclypeus develops best in the deeperwater of seaward slopes. Operculina apparently favorspartially protected situations but tolerates deeper waterand lower temperature than does Calcarina. Thesefaunas accumulated on the reef slope, but presumablyin place without transportation of the tests.

The Bonya Limestone contains numerous specimensof Rotalia at most of the localities. Associated withthese forms are rare specimens of Cycloclypeus, Operculina, and Lepidocyclina, as well as other genera.Cushman (1921, p. 348) stated, concerning a livingrotalid similar to the species in the Bonya limestone:"* * * the species is characteristic of the protectedwaters among the islands of the Archipelago, and onthe western border along the China Sea, but is notrepresented at the stations on the eastern coast borderedby the Pacific." The accumulation of the BonyaLimestone probably occurred under conditions similarto those in the Philippine area described by Cushman.That part of the Bonya Limestone represented bylocalities G j 9 and Ts 2, at which Cycloclypeus is abundant, must have been deposited in less protected, deeperwater on seaward slopes.In contrast to these two situations postulated for theaccumulation of Bonya Limestone, the Rotalia-be&ringsediments of the lower Alifan Limestone were deposited

TABLE 8.Generalized correlation be tween Guam, Saipan, and Eniwetok AtollStages

g

............-?.........../or e

ertiary c

ertiary 6

Stratigraphicunits onGuamMariana LimestoneBarrigada Limestone

Bonya Limestone

Umatac FormationBolanos PyroclasticMember

Member

Characteristic fossils

Calcarina spengleriCycloclypeus carpenteriCycloclypeus postindopacifusOperculina rectilatar< i i tRotalia atjehensisMiogypsinoides cupulaeformisKatacycloclypeus annulatusLepidocyclina martinirutteniReworked Tertiary e specimens

Miogypsinoides dehaartiiHeterostegina borneensisCamerina fichteli

Asterocyclina (3 sp.)Biplanispira (2 sp.)Fabiania saipanensisPellatispira (2 sp.)Spiroclypeus vermicularis

Stratigraphic units onSaipanMariana LimestoneNot present

Tagpochau Limestone

............?...........Matansa LimestoneDensinyama FormationHagman Formation

Section at EniwetokAtoll (in feet)0- 61 5

615- 86 0

OAfl 1 Hen

1,080-2,687

2, 687-2 , 780(without diagnosticfossils)

2, 780-4, 55 3


17/57

E12 GE OLOGY OF G UAM, MARIANA ISLANDSnot only in protected, shallow areas but also underconditions not favorable for the development of othergenera. The only other genus found in this part ofthe Alifan Limestone w as Miogypsinoides, whichoccurred rarely at a few localities.

The Tertiary e fauna of the Maemong LimestoneMember characterized by Heterostegina, presumablyaccumulated in warm water approximately 30 fathomsdeep under protected conditions similar to those postulated for the accumulation of the Heterostegina-bGa,Tingsediments at Eniwetok (Cole, 1957b, p. 751). Becausethe miogypsinids are extinct, any postulate on theconditions under which they lived must be based ongenera still living and with which they occur as fossils.Inasmuch as Heterostegina is generally associated withmiogypsinids in the Caribbean region, the writerbelieves that these two larger Foraminifera normallylived under the same ecological conditions.

Schlanger (written communication) has shown thatthere are marked differences in the structure of thelimestones from the Heterostegina-be&rmg sediments ofthe Maemong Limestone Member and those of themiogypsinid-bearing beds. It would seem that thezonation of these larger Foraminifera on Guam shouldbe the result of different environmental conditions.

There is also the possibility that this zonation maybe chronologic rather than ecologic. At Eniwetok Atollthe two zones apparently overlap, but it should berecalled that this evidence is based on the occurrencetogether of Heterostegina borneensis and Miogypsinoidesdehaartii in only on e sample of cuttings. In thenumerous samples from Saipan, in the Bikini Atolldrill holes, and at numerous localities in the MalayanArchipelago, Heterostegina borneensis has not beenfound with Miogypsinoides dehaartii and Miogypsina(Miogypsina). Van der Vlerk (1955), Cole (1957a),and others, therefore, had assumed that the zonationwas chronologically rather than ecologically controlled.

SPECIES NO T DESCRIBED OR ILLUSTRATEDInasmuch as many of the species found in the samples

from Guam are identical with species discussed andillustrated in recent articles on Saipan (Cole andBridge, 1953; Cole, 1957a), Bikini Atoll (Cole, 1954),and Eniwetok Atoll (Cole, 1957b), these species willnot be discussed or illustrated in this article. Thefollowing list records the species that are not includedin "Description of Species":Eocene

Asterocyclina matanzensis Colepenuria Cole

Biplanispira fulgeria (Whipple)mirabilis (Umbgrove)

Camerina pengaronensis (Verbeek)Discocyclina omphala (Fritsch)Eorupertia plecte (Chapman)Fabiania saipanensis ColeGypsina vesicularis (Parker and Jones)Halkyardia bikiniensis ColeHeterostegina saipanensis ColeOperculina saipanensis ColePellatispira orbitoidea (Provale)provaleae YabeSpiroclypeus vermicularis Tan

Miocene (Tertiary e) :Borelis pygmaeus HanzawaCyclodypeus (Cycloclypeus) eidae TanEorupertia semiornata (Howchin)Gypsina marianensis HanzawaHeterostegina borneensis Van der VlerkLepidocyclina (Eulepidina) ephippioides Jones and Chap

man(Nephrolepidina) verbeeki Newton and Holland

Marginopora vertebralis Quoy and GaimardMiogypsina (Miogypsina) thecideaeformis (L. Rutten)Miogypsinoides bantarnensis Tan

dehaartii (Van der Vlerk)grandipustula Cole

Sorites martini (Verbeek)Spiroclypeus higginsi Cole

orbitoideus H. Douvilleyabei Van der Vlerk

Miocene (Tertiary g} and Pleistocene:Amphistegina madagascariensis d'OrbignyBaculogypsina sphaerulata (Parker and Jones)Calcarina spengleri (Gmelin)Heterostegina suborbicularis d'OrbignyPeneroplis carinatus d'OrbignyRotalia calcar (d'Orbigny)

DESCRIPTION O F SPECIESFamily CAMERINIDAE

Genus CAMERINA Bruguiere, 1792Camerina djokdjokarta (Martin)Plate 2, figures 5, 6, 8, 10 , 14 , 16 , 18

1881. Numrnulina djokdjokartae Martin, Geol. Reichs-MusLeiden Samml., ser. 1, v. 1, p. 109, 110, pi. 5, figs. 8-111934. Camerina djokdjokartae (Martin). Caudri, Tertiary Deposits of Soemba, Amsterdam, p. 67-72, text fig. 1[references].1957. Camerina djokdjokarta (Martin). Cole, U.S. Geol. SurveProf. Paper 280-1, p. 329, p. 102, fig. 21.1957. Camerina djokdjokarta (Martin). Cole, U.S. Geol. SurveProf. Paper 260-V, p. 752, pi. 232, figs. 24-27.

Occurrence elsewhere. In Tertiary b (Eocene) of JavaSoemba, Saipan, and drill hole E-l on Eniwetok Atolat a depth of 2930-2940 feet.

Remarks. This species is a pustulate Camerinacharacterized externally by pustules and, in transversesection, by distinct and heavy pillars.


18/57

TERTIARY LARGER FORAMINIFERA FROM GUAM E13Camerina fichteli (Michelotti)

Plate 1, figures 1-17; plate 2, figures 7, 9, 11-13, 15 , 171841. Nummulites fichteli Michelotti, Soc. italiana sci. Nat.

Mem., atti, v. 22 , p. 296 , pi. 3, fig. 7.1934. Camerina fichteli (Michelotti). Caudri, Tertiary depositsof Soemba, Amsterdam, p. 72-81 [references].

The test is evenly biconvex. The surface is smooth

and covered by a reticulate mesh that represents thesutures. Slightly eroded specimens have irregularshallow pits in the abraded areas.

Median sections that are not centered show thereticulate character of the sutures pi . 2, figs. 15 , 17).

Measurements of seven median sections follow:Measurements of median sections of Camerina fichteli (Michelotti)

Locality_______________ ____________________

Width___._----.__ . mmEmbryonic chambers:Diameters of second chamber._..............__...__ /*--

Number of chambers:

PI . 1, fig. 3

2.92.9170X18080X170

662391

Not illustrated4.13.7

130X15070X180Ri/f

724105

FtPI. 1, fig. 2

3.052.8590X1902605M

72487

c3PI. 1, fig. 10

3.853.75100X1902906H

728130

PI. 1, fig. 9

3.93.8120X150100X1602405y

72384

PI. 1, fig. 1

4.13.9100X12090X1402107 M

30150

Ej 1- 1PI. 1, fig. 1 1

3.73.680X1602306

72294

Measurements of six traverse sections follow:Measurements of transverse sections of Camerina fichteli (Michelotti)

Height ___________ _ _ __mm_Thickness ______ _____ _____ __ mm__Embryonic chambers:Maximum height __ ___ __ _ _ _ __ ju__

Surface diameter of secondary pillars. __ _ /---

PI. 1 , fig. 16

3. 51.324016 032050

PL 1, fig. 13

2. 951. 119015 027050-80

Fk3PI. 1 , fig. 1 7

3. 551.2730021030050-100

PI . 1, fig. 12

3. 91. 922015 0350-60010 0

PI. 1, fig. 14

3. 81. 5515 06 060010 0

Ejl-lPI. 1, fig. 1 5

3. 151 . 3724019 0300-35050-100

Occurrence elsewhere. At numerous Tertiary c andTertiary d localities in the Malayan Archipelago.

Remarks. Caudri (1934, p. 72 ) wrote:In the group of the true reticulate, in contrast to Camerinaefrom other groups, only a few species are well described. Moreover, the species are not always easy to recognize, so that theyhave been cancelled in part or identified with one another.Generally, at first sight, all reticulate Camerinae are determinedas C. Fichteli-intermedia. In the literature an enormous geographic area is assigned to this species * * *

The reticulate Camerina fichteli represents the mega-lospheric generation, of which the microspheric generation is known as C. intermedia. Inasmuch as thespecific name C. fichteli has priority, the name for bothgenerations is C. fichteli. This species is accepted asdiagnostic of Tertiary c-{-d in the Malayan Archipelago(Van der Vlerk, 1955, p. 75).

On Guam, specimens that have the characteristicsby which Camerina fichteli is recognized elsewhere

occur with an Eocene assemblage of species that arediagnostic of Tertiary b . Two questions therefore areraised: are the specimens from Guam the same asspecimens identified as C. fichteli in the MalayanArchipelago? what is the stratigraphic range of thisspecies?

The best illustrations of specimens assigned toCamerina fichteli from the Malayan Archipelago weregiven by Rutten (1915, pi. 2, figs. 3, 4) , Van der Vlerk(1929, figs. 9, 30 , 31), Doornink (1932, pi . 4, figs. 4-11;pi . 5, fig. 1; text fig. a, p. 285), Bursch (1947, pi. 1,figs. 4-6, 26 ; pi . 2, figs. 6, 7; pi . 5, fig. 5), and Cole(1953, pi . 1 , fig. 13 ; pi . 2, fig. .7). The specimensillustrated by Van der Vlerk, Doornink, and Bursch aresimilar in that in median section the embryonic apparatus is moderate in size and the chambers are onlyslightly longer than they are high. The specimensillustrated by Rutten and Cole have larger embryonicchambers, and the chambers are longer than they are


19/57

E1 4 GEOLOGY OF GUAM, MARIANA ISLANDShigh. These specimens are similar to those fromJava to which Doornink (1932, p. 299) gave the nameC. divina.

Inasmuch as the specimens from Guam are so similarto the short-chambered type of reticulate Camerinausually assigned to C. fichteli, they are. assigned to thisspecies. It is probable, however, that the long-chambered type with the large embryonic apparatus alsorepresents this species, as the length of the chambersand the size of the embryonic apparatus is variable.This variation is demonstrated by the illustrations(pi. 2, figs. 11-13) and by the median-section statisticsgiven for specimens from Muara Djaing on the Taba-long River, southeast Borneo. These specimens werediscussed first by Douville (1905, p. 442). He identified them as Nummulites subbrogniart i Verbeek, aspecies which he considered to be the same as C.fichteli. Later authors generally accepted N. subbrogniarti as a synonym of C. fichteli, but Doornink(1932, p. 269) argued for the separation of C. subbrogniarti from C. fichteli. Caudri (1934, p. 75)reviewed Doornink's conclusions but did not offer anyfinal solution to the problem.

Measurements of five median sections of specimensfrom Muara Djaing, southeast Borneo, follow:

Width. ........ .........mm..Embryonic chambers:Diameters of initial cham-Diameters of second cham-Distance aerosss both

Number of chambers:

PI . 2,fig. 1 22 ax.

140X29546 04H

6

PI. 1 ,fig. 13 i3 03 OK

360X430190X380

Kenfi 3

79192

PL 2,fig. 113.853 Q

97OV97H

3907

PI. 2,fig. 132 1 ^2 A

QQfl VIQA

220X41062 001/

Not illustrated^ Q3 9

220X250

7 1A5About 1 7

See also Cole, 1953.Measurements of three transverse sections of speci

mens from Muara Djaing, southeast Borneo, follow:

Embryonic chambers:

PL 2, fig. 72.270.98

37031050-100

PL 2, fig. 94.0

400340370-45050-70

PL 2, fig.3.81.

2250-1

i See also Cole, 1953.Although reticulate Camerina have not been recorde

to date from the Eocene of the Malayan Archipelagothey do occur in the Eocene of Europe (Boussac, 1911p. 79). The associated Eocene species on Guam arthought to be reworked specimens. (See p. E4.)

Genus OPEKCULINA2 d'Orbigny, 1826Operculina ammonoides (Gronovius)Plate 5, figures 13-24, 26-30, 33-35

1 7 8 1 . 2 8 2

1 9 5 4 .

1 9 5 4 .

1 9 5 9 .

Nautilus ammonoides Gronovius, Zooph. Gron., p.pi. 19, figs. 5, 6.Operculinella sp. cf. 0. venosa (Fichtel and Moll). Kleinpell, B. P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 211, p. 44, pi. 3 , fig. 4.

Operculinella? oneataensis Kleinpell, B. P. Bishop MusBull. 211, p. 50, pi. 4, figs. 5-8.

Operculina ammonoides (Gronovius). Cole, Am. Paleontology, Bull., v. 39, No 181, p. 356, pi. 28, figs. 1-9, 11, 15pi. 29, figs. 3, 5-10, 12, 15; pi. 30, figs. 2-8; pi. 31, figs5-7 [additional references].

Although Cole (1959, p. 356) discussed this speciein detail, the specimens used in the present study aragain described here.

The test is involute lenticular to evolute compressedThe sutures are flush with the surface or raised andbeaded. There is either a single umbonal mass fluswith the surface, or a group of slightly elevated umbonabeads.Measurements of seven thin sections of specimenfrom Guam and of five thin sections of specimens fromLau, Fiji, and Espiritu Santo are given.

2 The author (Cole, 1960, p. 197) now considers Operculina d'Orbigny, 1826, issynonym of Camerina Bruguiere, 1792.

Measurements of sections of Operculina ammonoides (Gronovius)Type of section________ __....Locality . _______ .

Specimen.. ___...Width................. mmThickness_________ ... mEmbryonic chambers:Diameters of initial chamber_____ *--Diameters of second chamber...__* _ _Distance across both chambers____^__

Median

GJ9-2

PL 5,fig. 33

1. 81.6750X6040X8010039/io92469

PL 5,fig. 34

2.31.95

4H92567

PL 5,fig. 27

2.52. 3

4+26

GJ9-1

PL 5,fig. 26

2. 72. 1

4+24

Transverse

GJ9-2

PI . 5,fig. 29

2.0.9 6

530

Notillus-tiated2.01.0

450

PL 5,fig. 30

2.3.9 6

500

Median TransverseL307, Lakemba,

Lau, FijiPL 5,fig. 35

2.852.770X9030X1001404J-292588

PL 5,fig. 28

2.35.93

460

Median Transverse

Espiritu Santo,Ne w Hebrides

PL 5,fig. 23

1.91.6580X9050X1101503M o91946

PL 5,fig. 22

2.05.9

35 0

PL 5,fig. 21

1.8.8

15


20/57

TERTIARY LARGER FORAMINIFERA FROM GUAM E15Occurrence elsewhere. Recent to Tertiary e: Saipan;

Palau Islands; Lau, Fiji.Remarks. In many samples from the modern seasin the Indo-Pacific region, operculinids occur togetherthat have a considerable variation in the shape of thetest. Specimens vary from small unornamented evenlylenticular tests to relatively large compressed evolutetests. Some workers have combined the operculinidsinto one species (Hofker, 1927, p. 61); others havedivided them into many species (Cushman, 1921, p.375-384). More recent workers have considered amodest number of species to be present (Chapman andParr, 1938, p. 290-293; Cole, 1959, p. 354). It is easyto recognize how these divergent opinions could beheld if one has a sample from the modern seas that contains an abundance of operculinids.

The taxonomic problem is complex not only becausethe specimens are variable and intergrade but also because of the interpretations which authors have givento generic and specific names. Cole (1959, p. 351)reviewed these problems and demonstrated thatOperculinella and Operculinoides are synonyms ofOperculina. Moreover, he found that two species, Operculina ammonoides and Operculinella venosa, which hadbeen confused with each other, could be recognized asdistinct species.

Specimens from the modern sea at Espiritu Santo(pi. 5, figs. 13-15 , 19-21, 24), previously identified anddiscussed by Cole (1959, p. 350), are similar to thosefrom the Bonya Limestone of Guam, except that therevolving wall, as viewed in transverse section, isthinner. The specimens from Guam are identicalwith those from Saipan previously referred to Operculinella venosa (Cole, 1957a, p. 331). Specimens from

station L 307, Lakemba, Lau, Fiji, identified by Klein-pell (1954, p. 50) as Operculinella*! oneataensis, are sosimilar to the specimens from Guam that they arereferred to Operculina ammonoides.

Operculina bartschi Cushman 3Plate 3, figures 1-17; plate 4, figure 1

1921. Operculina bartschi Cushman, U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 100,p. 376, 377, text fig. 13 .1925. Operculina bartschi Cushman. Yabe and Hanzawa,Tohoku Imp. Univ. Sci. Repts., ser. 2 (GeoL), v. 7,no . 2, p. 52 , pi. 6, figs. 6-12; pi . 7, figs. 11 , 12 .1925. Operculina bartschi Cushman var. punctata Yabe andHanzawa, T5hoku Imp. Univ. Sci. Repts., ser. 2(GeoL), v. 7, no . 2, p. 52, 53, pi. 6, figs. 13-15; pi. 7,figs. 15-18.1935. Operculina bartschi Cushman. Hanzawa, Tohoku Imp.Univ. Sci. Repts., ser. 2 (GeoL), v. 18 , no . 1, p. 22, 23,pi . 2.1945. Operculina bartschi Cushman. Cole, B. P. Bishop Mus.Bull. 181, p. 277, 278, pi. 12 , figs. H-K; pi. 14 , fig. I.1950. Operculina bartschi Cushman. Cole, U.S. GeoL SurveyProf. Paper 221-B, p. 22, 23, pi . 5, figs. 3-5.

The test is evolute and either flat and thin or with asmall subcentral umbo surrounded by a flat rim. Thesutures are raised, recurved, and normally beaded.There is a small subcentral zone of papillae over theembryonic chambers. A few specimens either havea few beads or thickly studded zones of beading betweenthe sutures.

Measurements of median and transverse sections ofspecimens from Guam and measurements from fourthin sections of specimens from Lau, Fiji, follow:

3 The author (Cole, 1961a, p. 1 2 0 ) now considers Operculina bartschi Cushman is asynonym of Camerina complanata (Defrance).

Measurements of sections of Operculina bartschi Cushman

Type of section, ____________Locality-. ___________ _ __ _Specimen.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ... _

Width__ __________ . _ mmEmbryonic chambers:

Diameters of initial chamber p

Number of chambers in final volution . _Total number of chambers-

Median TransverseGJ9-1

PI . 3 ,fig. 4

2.652.1

4+1 7

PL 3 ,fig. 1 5

2.1.57

3 0 0

Median TransverseGJ9-2

Notillustrated2.11. 8

20X3020X505 03 H91 33 9

PI . 3 ,*g. 2

2.652.15

60X6550X701 2 0471 45 0

PI. 3 ,fig. 3

2.55.6

300

Median TransverseGj9^t

PI . 3,fig. 1 3

3.02.580X8040X901 3 03?i71 84 8

Notillustrated2.75.95

7 0 0

Median TransverseOv6-2

PI. 3 ,fig. 5

2.5+2.250X5030X5090492 15 8

PI . 3 ,fig. 1 4

3.152.850X5040X901 0 54Mo82 05 6

PI . 3 ,fig. 1 6

3.56.8 5

Median TransverseL389, Lakemba, Lau, Fiji

PI. 4,fig. 1

2.82.8

70X8550X1101 4 03 i / _81 74 4

Not illustrated

3.152.3

70X7050X801 3 01 4

3.853.65

65X8040X501 1 03? i92 35 4

PI. 3,fig. 1

2.8.8

400


21/57

E16 GEOLOGY OF GUAM, MARIANA ISLANDSOccurrence elsewhere. Recent to Tertiary e : Recent,

Philippine Islands; Pleistocene, Ryukyu Islands; Tertiary /, Formosa, Palau Islands, Lau, Fiji; Tertiary e,Saipan.Remarks. The specimens from Guam are similarto specimens from the Tertiary / f Lau, Fiji. Fouradditional thin sections of specimens from stationL 389, Lakemba, Lau, Fiji, were prepared for comparison, and two of these are illustrated on plate 3, figure 1,and plate 4, figure 1 . Although the specimens fromLau, Fiji, have thicker chamber walls, they are otherwise identical with those from Guam. The degree ofthickening of the walls is undoubtedly controlled byenvironmental conditions.

The external appearance of this species is distinctive.Internally, the wavy, crenulated chamber walls, whichcause marked irregularity in the oiitlines of the chambers, are an additional feature that distinguishes thisspecies from others. The irregular chamber walls arefound in specimens from Guam, Lau, and the RyukyuIslands (Yabe and Hanzawa, 1925, pi . 7, figs. 12, 13, 15).

Operculina eniwetokensis ColePlate 5, figures 11, 12, 25

1957. Operculina eniwetokensis Cole, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof.Paper 260-V, p. 756 , pi. 232, figs. 15-23.Measurements of two median sections and one trans

verse section are given as follows:

Height- .- ___________mm..Width......................... ........ mm..Thickness..._____ . mmEmbryonic chambers:Diameters of initial chamber_____..Diameters of second chamber_____ i__Distance across both chambers nNumber of volutions .Chambers in first whorl .Chambers in final whorlTotal number of chambersSurface diameter of umbonal plug n

Median TransverseHi 6- 1

PI . 5, fig. 1 21.91.6

40X4530X5080381 438

PI. 5, fig. 251.851.61

14

PI . 5, flg 1 11.57

.5

70

220

Occurrence elsewhere. At a depth of 3,963-3,988feet (core 10 ) in Eniwetok drill hole F-l in Tertiary b(Eocene).

Remarks. This small, fragile Operculina appears tobe identical with the specimens from the Eniwetokdrill hole F-l.

Operculina lucidisutura ColePlate 5, figure 10

1954. Operculina lucidisutura Cole, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper260-O, p. 575, pi. 204, figs. 1-6.

Occurrence elsewhere. In the drill holes on BikiniAtoll and Eniwetok Atoll in Tertiary g.

Remarks. Small evolute specimens with comparatively few rapidly expanding chambers in the final volution were found in the operculinid zone of the BarrigadaLimestone. One of these is illustrated for comparisonwith the types from the Bikini drill hole 2B .

Operculina rectilata ColePlate 4, figures 2-9

1954. Operculinoides rectilata Cole, U.S. Goel. Survey Prof. Pape260-O, p. 575, pi. 204, figs. 11-15; pi. 205, figs. 15-17

Occurrence elsewhere. In drill holes on Bikini andEniwetok Atolls in Tertiary g.Remarks. This species can be distinguished from thclosely related Operculina amplicuneata by thicker walland the fusion of the revolving walls into solid masseon either side of the embryonic apparatus. The sidewalls of the test, as seen in transverse sections, tend tobe parallel.

Cole (1957b, p. 754) has stated that the apparendifferences between Op erculina rectilata and Operculinamplicuneata may be the result of environmental rathethan evolutionary controls. However, he retained bothnames because of a stratigraphic differentiation.

Operculina subformai (Provale)Plate 2, figures 1-4

1908. Nummulites (Gumbelia) sub-Format Provale, Riv. Italianpaleontologia, v. 14, p. 64-66, pi. 4, figs. 16-20.

1957. Operculinoides subformai (Provale). Cole, U.S. GeolSurvey Prof. Paper 260-V, p. 755, pi. 232, figs. 1-6.

The test is small, and evenly lenticular, with radiatingrows of slightly elevated pustules.Measurements of two median and two transversesections from locality Jl 2-1 are given as follows:

Embryonic chambers:

MedianPL 2,flg. 3

1.251.345X4010X5070451 337

PI . 2,flg. 41.651.55

60X6025X70100m61741

TransversePI . 2,fig. 1

1.35.7 7

250

PI. 2,flg. 21..

45

Occurrence elsewhere. InTertiary b (Eocene) oBorneo and in Eniwetok drill hole F-l at a depth o4,500-4,525 feet (core 14).

Operculina venosa (Fichtel and Moll)Plate 3, figures 18-22; plate 4, figures 10-17

1798. Nautilus venosus Fichtel and Moll, Test. Micro, p. 59pi . 8, figs. e-h.


22/57

TERTIARY LARGER FORAMINIFERA FROM GUAM E1 71859. Amphistegina cumingii Carpenter, Philos. Trans., p. 32 ,

pi. 5, figs. 13-171918. Operculinella cumingii (Carpenter). Yabe, Tohoku Imp.Univ. Sci. Repts., ser. 2 (GeoL), v. 4, no. 3, p. 122-126,pi. 17 , figs. 8-12.1959. Operculina venosa (Fichtel and Moll). Cole, Am. Paleontology Bull., v. 39,110. 181, p. 361 , pi. 28, figs. 12-14,17, 18; pi. 29, figs. 1, 2, 11, 13, 14; pi. 30, figs. 1, 9,10 ; pi. 31 , fig. 1 [additional references].

The test is involute and evenly lenticular in youngindividuals, but in the gerontic stage, the initial lenticular part is partly surrounded by a broad, thin,flat rim, which is produced by a rapid expansion inheight of the chambers. The sutures are flush with thesurface of the test but show faintly on the rim. Thespecimen (pi. 3, fig. 21) that illustrates the externalappearance has a height of 3.3 mm and a width of 2.8mm. The central part has a diameter of 2.1 mm,and the rim has a maximum width of 1.2 mm.

Measurements of two median sections follow:

Embryonic chambers:

QJ9-2PI. 3, fig. 20

2.92.345X5040X6010 0481035

GJ9-4PL 3, fig. 22

3.13.0540X4030X5080491443

Two transverse sections were prepared; one of aspecimen in which the rim was just developing, andthe other of a specimen in which the rim was welldeveloped. The specimen (pi. 3, fig. 19 ) without adefinite rim has a height of 2.8 mm and thickness of1.1 mm. The specimen (pi. 3, fig. 18) with a well-developed rim has a height of 3 .4 mm, of which 2.3mm represents the inflated part and 1.1 mm, therim. The thickness through the inflated part is 1.1mm, and the thickness of the rim is 0.22 mm. Thisspecimen has well-developed axial plugs, with surfacediameters of about 500/x.Occurrence elsewhere. Recent, Philippine Islands;Tertiary /, Lau, Fiji.

Remarks. Cole (1953, p. 33) expressed the opinionthat Operculinella was not a valid genus, as he considered that the development of the broadly flaring,complanate rim found in the larger specimens of 0.cumingii ( 0. venosa} was a gerontic development.Later, he (Cole, 1959, p. 352) concluded that Operculinella was a synonym of Operculina.

The specimens (pi. 4, figs. 10-17) from the Alifanlimestone of south Guam could be studied only bymeans of accidental sections. These specimens how

ever, seemingly are the same as the others referred tothis species.

Genus HETEROSTEGINA d'Orbigny, 1826Heterostegina aequatoria Cole

Plate 5, figures 31 , 321957. Heterostegina aequatoria Cole, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof.

Paper 260-V, p. 756, 757, pi. 234, figs. 1-12.The only available median section has 14 operculine

chambers before the first heterostegine chamber isdeveloped.Occurence elsewhere. At a depth of 3,655-3,665 feet(core 9) in Eniwetok drill hole F-l in Tertiary b(Eocene).

Remarks.eterostegina suborbicularis d'Orbigny,which occurs also in samples from Tertiary b in theEniwetok drill holes (Cole, 1957b, p. 762), has moreoperculine chambers than -H. aequatoria; and theheterostegine chambers of H. suborbicularis have fewerchamberlets, even in the final volution.

Genus CYCLOCLYPEUS W. B . Carpenter, 1856Subgenus CYCLOCLYPEUS W. B . Carpenter, 1856

Cycloclypeus (Cycloclypeus) carpenter! BradyPlate 6 , figures 5, 6; plate 8, figures 1, 2

1954. Cycloclypeus (Cycloclypeus) carpenteri H. B . Brady.Cole, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 260-O, p. 581, pi.205, figs. 9-14.

Occurence elsewhere. Widespread in the Indo-Pacificregion from Pliocene to Recent.

Remarks. The embryonic apparatus (pi. 6 , fig. 5)of a specimen dredged by the Bikini resurvey expeditionduring the summer of 1947 from the seaward slope offthe north end of Bikini Atoll in water 580 to 800 feetdeep is illustrated for comparison with that of a fossilspecimen from Guam.

Cycloclypeus (Cycloclypeus) indopacificus TanPlate 7, figures 1-6, 8-10; plate 8, figure 3

1932. Cycloclypeus indopacificus var. douvillei Tan, DienstMijnb., Wetensch. Meded., no. 19 , p. 68-74, pi. 15,fig. 8; pi . 20, figs. 3, 5, 6 ; pi. 21 , figs. 2, 6 .1945. Cycloclypeus (Cycloclypeus) indopacificus douvillei Tan.Cole, B. P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 181, p. 280, 281, pi. 16 ,figs. A-E.

1945. Cycloclypeus (Cycloclypeus) indopacificus terhaari Tan.Cole, B . P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 181, p. 281, pi. 17 , figs.A-K; pi. 19 , figs. B, C.

The test normally has a small distinct umbo surrounded by a bro'ad, thin flange, the surface of whichmay show low, broad discontinuous annular inflations.Distinct large papillae, which are nearly flush with thesurface, are scattered irregularly over the umbo. Therim has regular concentric rings of small elevatedpapillae.


23/57


24/57

TERTIARY LARGER FORAMINIFERA FROM GUAM E19nepionic chambers. Although the embryonic apparatiof C. hexaseptus and C. indopacificus are similar, asboth may have six nepionic chambers, these chambersmake slightly more than one complete volution (pi.8, fig. 7) around the embryonic chambers in C. hexaseptus and somewhat less than a complete volution inC. indopacificus (pi. 7, figs. 1-4, 9, 10).

Although Tan (1932, p. 6 1) gave names to tw o othervariants of Cycloclypeus (Cycloclypeus} posteidae, onthe basis of 15 nepionic chambers in one variant and12 nepionic chambers in the other, these varietalnames should be suppressed, as otherwise similarspecimens from the same population may have from10 to 18 nepionic chambers.Cycloclypeus (Cycloclypeus) eidae is characteristic ofTertiary e, where it occurs with Spiroclypeus andLepidocyclina (Eulepidina) and C. (C.) posteidae isfound normally in Tertiary /, but there may be someoverlap in their stratigraphic range (Cole, 1957a, p.325).

Cycloclypeus (Cycloclypeus) postindopacificus TanPlate 7, figures 11 , 12

1932. Cycloclypeus postindopacificus var. postindopacifica Tan,Dienst Mijnb., Wetensch. Meded., no . 19 , p. 66 , 67, pi. 15 ,fig. 7; pi . 18 , fig. 3.One equatorial section (pi. 7, fig. 11), has a diameterof about 1.0 mm. The initial chamber of the embryonicapparatus has a diameter of 1 6 0 y u , and the distance

across both embryonic chambers is 300yu. There arefour nepionic chambers. Another equatorial section(pi. 7, fig. 12) has a diameter of 2.2 mm. The initialchamber has a diameter of 1 6 0 y u and the distanceacross both chambers is 320yu. There are five nepionicchambers.

Occurrence elsewhere. Madoera.Remarks. The embryonic apparatus of these speci

mens is similar to that of the specimen illustrated byTan (1932, pi . 15 , fig. 7).

Subgenus KATACYCLOCLYPEUS Tan, 1932Cycloclypeus (Katacycloclypeus) annulatus fllartin

Plate 6 , figures 13, 14; plate 7, figure 7; plate 8, figures 4-6,8-11; plate 9, figures 14 , 17

1880. Cycloclypeus annulatus Martin, Die Tertiarschiten aufJava, p. 157, pi. 28, figs. 1, la-i.

1916. Cycloclypeus annulatus Martin. Douvill6, Geol. Reichs-Mus. Leiden Samml., ser. 1, v. 10, p. 30-32, pi. 6,figs. 2, 3 [not pi. 5, fig. 6; pi. 6 , figs. 1, 4] .

1945. Cycloclypeus (Katacycloclypeus) annulatus Martin. Cole,B. P. Bishop Mus. BuU. 181, p. 282, 283, pi. 19, fig. A;pi. 20, figs. G, H [references].

The test is large and thin and has a low central umbosurrounded by several annular inflations which arevery pronounced in the central part but flattened asthe periphery is approached. The umbo is coveredwith irregularly arranged papillae. Concentric ringsof papillae occur on the remainder of the test. Thesepapillae are more pronounced 0 1 1 the annular inflationsthan in the intervening troughs.

Measurements of four nearly complete specimens,tw o of which are illustrated, follow:LocalitySpecimen.._____ ... ___ _ _ _ .

Number of pronounced annular inflations.

GJ9-1Not illustrated

15.02.02

PI. 9,fig. 1421.+2.04

GJ9-2PL 7,fig. 7

16.02.52

Not illustrated17.01.52

Measurement of seven equatorial sections follow:Measurement of equatorial sections of Cycloclypeus (Katacycloclypeus) annulatus Tan

Locality ____ ___ _

Specimen. _ __ _

Diameter_ _ _ _ _ mmEmbryonic chambers:Diameters of initial chamber p .Diameters of second chamber p .Distance across both chambers... _.____/*__Number of nepionic chambersNumber of nepionic whorls

Gj

PL 8, fig.10

3 01

44030. 7

9 1

PL 8, fig.9

3. 35 +260X300190X45047 020. 7

GjNotillustrated

K _1_

y 91 n-X40034020. 7

Q 9

PL 8, fig.5

2. 5 +320X340230X53056 020. 5

PL 8, fig.11

6. 1 +

43 020. 6

G j 9-4PL 8, fig.8

7.5 +190X200120X50031 020. 7

PI . 8, fig.4

5 . +

43 020. 8

Occurrence elsewhere. InTertiary/ of Java, Borneo,Madoera, and Lau, Fiji.Remarks. The fragility of the large specimens of this

species cause difficulty in separating specimens from the

moreover, easy to confuse the fragments which wereobtained with other pieces representing the associatedspecies Cycloclypeus (Cycloclypeus) indopacificus, asindividuals of C. (C.) indopacificus often develop

matrix and obtaining material for thin sections. It was, irregular annular inflations that are somewhat similar


25/57

E20 GEOLOGY OF GUAM, MARIANA ISLANDSto those of C. (Katacycloclypeus} annulatus (Tan, 1932,p. 71).

Douville (1916) published excellent illustrations of theexternal appearance of Cycloclypeus (Katacycloclypeus}annulatus (Douville, 1916, pi . 6 , figs. 2, 3) and otherspecimens (Douville, 1916, pi . 5, fig. 6 ; pi . 6, figs. 1, 4),which he identified as this species from the vicinity ofRembang, Java. Tan (1932, p. 6 8) assigned thelatter specimens to C. Cycloclypeus indopacificus. Inthe terminology which he used, specimens with sixnepionic septa are named C. indopacificus douvillei, andthose with four nepionic septa are called C. postin-dopacificus postdouvillei.

The embryonic chambers of Cycloclypeus (Katacycloclypeus} annulatus are large, and there are two orthree nepionic chambers, with two nepionic chambersoccurring most commonly. Several specimens (pi. 9,fig. 17) have irregular embryonic chambers producedby the fusion of two gametes.Part of an equatorial section (pi. 8, fig. 6 ) of aspecimen from Vanua Mbalavu, Lau, Fiji, is illustratedfor comparison with the specimens from Guam.

Cycloclypeus (Katacycloclypeus) martini Van der VlerkPlate 6 , figures 1-4

1923. Cycloclypeus martini Van der Vlerk, Geol. Reichs-Mus.Leiden Samml., ser. 1, v. 10, p. 138-140, pis. 1, 2.

1945. Cycloclypeus (Katacycloclypeus) martini Van der Vlerk.Cole, B. P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 181, p. 283, pi. 20, figs. I, J.

The test is composed of a broad central bosssurrounded by a single annulus. Papillae occur on thecentral boss and annulus.The embryonic chambers are large. The initialchamber has diameters of 220/* by 280ju. The secondchamber has diameters of 130/j by 450ju. The distanceacross both chambers is 370ju. These chambers arefollowed by on e large operculine chamber with diameters of 170/j by 290 p. There are four noncontinuousrings of heterostegine chambers before the regularannular rings commence. The first heterosteginechamber is divided into three chamberlets.Occurrence elsewhere. In Tertiary/ of Borneo, Java,Vanua Mbalavu, and Lau, Fiji.

Remarks. The types (Van der Vlerk, 1923, pi . 2, fig.3) and specimens from Lau, Fiji (Cole, 1945, pi. 20, fig.J), assigned to this species have only one nepionicchamber, but the specimens from Guam, which areotherwise similar, have four nepionic chambers.

Family ALVEOLINELLIDAEGenus FLOSCULINELLA Schubert, 1910Flosculinella bontangensis (L . Rutten)

Plate 9, figures 1-31913. Alveolinella bontangensis L. Rutten, Geol. Reichs-Mus.

Leiden Samml., ser. 1, v. 9, p. 221-224, pi. 14 .

1929. Alveolinella bontangensis L. Rutten. Van der VlerkDienst Mijnb., Wetensch. Meded., no. 9, p. 14, 15figs. 1-5.

1937. Flosculinella bontangensis (L. Rutten). Reichel, SocPaleont. Suisse Mem., v. 59, p. 113-115, pi. 11, fig. 7text figs. 23, 24.

Occurrence elsewhere. InTertiary/of Borneo, JavaPhilippines, and Soemba.Remarks. This species, of which few specimens were

found, is represented only by accidental sections in thinsections made from hand specimens of limestone.

Family ROTALIIDAEGenus ROTALIA Lamarck, 1804Rotalia atjehensis V an der Vlerk

Plate 5, figures 1-4, 8, 91924. Rotalia beccarii (Linn.) var. atjehensis V an der Vlerk

Dienst Mijnb., Wetensch. Meded. no . 1, p. 25, 26, pi. 5figs. 21-24.1931. Rotalia schroeteriana Hanzawa [not Parker and Jones]Tohoku Imp. Univ. Sci. Repts., ser. 2 (Geol.), v. 12no . 2A , p. 157, pi. 26, figs. 6-8.1939. Rotalia schroeteriana Cole [not Parker and Jones], Jour

Paleontology, v. 13 , no . 2, p. 187, 188, pi. 24, figs. 10-12Occurrence elsewhere. Tji Talahab, Java; N. Atjeh

Sumatra; Hitoto, Kwanto Mountainland, Japan.Remarks. This species, with numerous well-developed distinct umbical pillars, is definitely a Rotaliawhereas specimens commonly called Rotalia beccarishould be placed in the genus Streblus. S. beccarii andrelated species have the umbilicus either filled with asolid plug or a series of fused pillars (Cole, 1947, p. 243)

Genus STREBLUS Fischer, 1817Streblus saipanensis Cole

Plate 5, figures 5-71953. Strebhis saipanensis Cole, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper253, p. 27, 28, pi . 5, figs. 8, 9.1957. Streblus saipanensis Cole. Cole, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof.

Paper 280-1, p. 338, pi. 103, figs. 17, 18.Occurrence elsewhere. Saipan.Remarks. Transverse sections of this species are

illustrated for comparison with those of Rotalia atjehensis. Streblus saipanensis has a single umbonapillar, whereas R. atjehensis has numerous umbonalpillars. S. saipanensis is restricted to Tertiary e, andR. atjehensis seems to be confined to Tertiary/.

Family MIOGYPSINIDAE TanGenus MIOGYPSINOIDES Yabe and Hanzawa, 1928Miogypsinoides cupulaeformis (Zuffardi-Comerci)

Plate 9, figures 15 , 161929. Miogypsina cupulaeformis Zuffardi-Comerci, Soc. geol.Italiana Boll., v. 47 (1928), p. 142, pi . 9, figs. 12, 13, 20 .1945. Miogypsina neodispansa Cole [not Jones and Chapman],B . P. Bishop Mus. Bull . 181, p. 297, pi. 14 , figs. E-H.


26/57

TERTIARY LARGER FORAMINIFERA FROM GUAM E211954. Miogypsinoides cupulaeformis (Zuffardi-Comerci). Cole,U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 260-O, p. 601, 604, pi.221, fig. 1; pi . 222, figs. 4-11.

Occurrence elsewhere. InTertiary/ of Borneo, Lau,Fiji, and drill holes on Bikini and Eniwetok Atolls.

Family OEBITOIDIDAE SchubertGenus LEPIDOCYCLINA Gurnbel, 1870

Subgenus NEPHKOLEPIDINA 5 H. Douville, 1911Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) japonica Yabe

Plate 10 , figures 1-9, 11, 13, 14, 181906. Lepidocyclina japonica Yabe, Geol. Soc. Tokyo Jour., v. 13 ,

p. 317, 2 text figs.1909. Lepidocyclina tournoueri var. angulosa Provale, Riv.Italiana paleontologia, v. 15 , p. 90 , 91 , pi . 2, figs. 13-15.1939. Lepidocyclina angulosa (Provale). Caudri, Geol.-Mijnb.genootsch. Nederland en Kolonien Verb., geol. ser.,v. 12 , p. 197-203 , pi. 7, figs. 32-35 [references].1939. Lepidocyclina japonica Yaibe. Caudri, Geol.-Mijnb. genootsch. Nederland en Kolonien Verb., geol. ser., v. 12, p.209-211, pi . 7, figs. 50-56 [references].1945. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) angulosa Provale. Cole,B . P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 181, p. 287, 288, pi . 24, figs.A-G.

1945. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) japonica Yabe. Cole,B . P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 181, p. 288, pi . 24 , figs. H, I.Specimens with large papillae, formerly called

Lepidocyclina angulosa, will be described first, and adescription of specimens which resemble the types ofL. japonica will follow.

The test is small, with a lenticular central partbordered by a narrow rim. There is an apical group ofpronounced papillae. The remainder of the test iscovered by a reticulate mesh which represents the outlines of the large lateral chambers.

Measurements of four equatorial sections follow:

Embryonic chambers:Diameters of second chamber_-M--Distance across both chambers --M--Thickness of outer wall-.___ * _ .Equatorial chambers:Near center:

Tangential diameter.____* _ _Near periphery:Tangential diameter.___ *

PL 10,fig. 142.0

160X19070X2802404530306040

GJ7-2PL 10,fig. 13

3 1

110X2902905050506040-50

PL 10,fie. 92 9

160X15090X28027050Cfl

40Of)

50

Jj 9- 3PL 10 ,fig. 18

150X180120X31030 04540406045

The embryonic chambers are nephrolepidine and havea thick outer wall. There is an almost complete ringof periembryonic chambers (pi. 10 , fig. 14 ) surroundingthe embryonic chambers.

The equatorial chambers are short spatulate near thecenter of the test, but become elongate spatulate at the

periphery. These chambers are arranged in undulationssimilar in pattern to those found in stellate lepidocy-clines, but externally there is no suggestion of rays.

Measurements of four vertical sections follow:

Embryonic chambers:Height-..-___. ____________Equatorial layer:Lateral chambers:

HeightThickness of floors and roofs_.-_-_/j__Surface diameter of pillars_____/*..

Gj 7-2PL 10 ,fig. 7

3.72.021032 540

7011 515250-29040-452035 0

PL 10,fig. 42.551.63

13 0180207015 011110-13040-5025370-450

PL 10,fig. 52.551.27

13 022 030-4060120101504020170-250

Jj 9- 3PL 10 ,fig. 8

3.61.8519 042040

6011 013120-22030-5020100-520

The following description pertains to specimenswhich at first were referred to Lepidocyclina japonica.The equatorial sections normally are identical withthose from specimens with large papillae (Lepidocyclina angulosa). One equatorial section (pi. 10, fig. 11),however, has rather large, thin-walled embryonic chambers, and the second chamber does not surround theinitial chamber. This section is described.

The initial chamber has internal diameters of 240ju by390ju, and the second chamber has measurments of200/u by 450ju. The distance across both chambers is450ju. The thickness of the outer wall is 20,u. Theequatorial chambers have the same size and shape, asthey do in the other specimens.

Measurements of three vertical sections are given.

Embryonic chambers:

Equatorial layer:Lateral chambers:

Height

n

G jPL 10 ,fig. 3

1.91.016 020 030

5070912035-5015-20

100-150

7- 2PL 10 ,fig. 4

2.25+1.0610016 52560901050-1504015-20

JJ9-3PL 10,fig. 1

2.27+

370355010 0

8110-17040-5010

6 The author (Cole, 1961b, p. 142) now considers Nephrolepidina H. Douville, 1911,is a synonym of Eulepidina H. Douville, 1911.

Occurrence elsewhere. In Tertiary / of VanuaMbalavu, Lau, Fiji, as Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina)angulosa and L. (N.) japonica, with Cyclodypeus(Katacydodypeus) martini (Cole, 1945, p. 274); Bogorzone, west Java, with L. (N.) martini, Cyclodypeus(Katacydodypeus) annulatus and other species ofLepidocyclina (Van Bemmelen, 1949, p. 649); Koetei,East Borneo.

649574 O 62-


27/57

E22 GEOLOGY OF G U A M , MARIANA ISLANDSRemarks. Cole (1945, p. 288) suggested that

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) japonica and L. (A 7 " .)angulosa intergrade. This conclusion is substantiatedby the suite of specimens from Guam, inasmuch as theonly difference that could be found between the specimens was the degree of development of the pillars.Although some specimens have large pillars and othersare devoid of pillars, there are specimens with small ormedium pillars. Therefore, these two species are combined.

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) cubiculirhomboidea ColePlate 9, figure 11

1954. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) cubiculirhomboidea Cole,U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 260-O, p. 587, 588 ,pi. 213, figs. 10-19.

Occurrence elsewhere. Inthe drill holes on Bikiniand Eniwetok Atolls in Tertiary e (Miocene).

Remarks. Aew specimens that occur in only one setof thin sections appear to be this species. Inasmuch

as only vertical sections were found, it is impossible tomake a complete diagnosis.

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) martini SchlumbergerPlate. 10 , figures 10, 12, 15-17; plate 11 , figures 9-17

1900. Lepidocyclina martini Schlumberger, Geol. Reichs-Mus.Leiden Samml., ser. 1, v. 6 , p. 131-133, pi. 6 , figs. 5-81939. Lepidocyclina martini Schlumberger. Caudri, Geol.-Mijno.genootsch. Nederland en Kolonien Verh., geol. ser.,v. 12 , p. 212-218, figs. 57-60 [references].1945. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) martini Schlumberger.Cole, B. P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 181, p. 288, 289, pi. 25 ,figs. A-M.

The test is small, radiate, and compressed lenticular.There are normally about s