Flow: Water Science 101

Gushing Over Water #FLOW Pressure & Flow 2013 Scott Guglielmino Product Manager, La Marzocco USA @scottflex

FLOW: What we will talk about

• What is water

• The water cycle

• Why baristas should care

• Water hardness

• Corrosion

• Common water questions

• Your questions about water

FLOW: The Personification

• Makes friends easily

• Never alone, never wanders away

• Always pulling others in

• But always a distinct individual

Life of the party: The Universal Solvent

FLOW: Hydrological Cycle

Source: http://www.physicalgeography.net

FLOW: Water Sources

Source: http://wi.water.usgs.gov

FLOW: Environmental factors of water

Vegetation Acrid

FLOW: Environmental factors of water

Granite & Sand Limestone & Other Hardness Minerals

FLOW: Aquifers and you

Source: http://wi.water.usgs.gov

FLOW: Aquifers and you

FLOW: Water Hardness (Scale)

FLOW: Water Hardness (Scale)

Source: espresso-restorations.com

FLOW: Water hardness

Source: www.water.usgs.gov

Concentration of Hardness as Calciium Carbonate (mg/Liter)

Defining Hard Water

Source: usgs.gov

Soft 0 to 60 mg/L as calcium carbonate

Moderately Hard

61 to 120 mg/L

Hard 121 to 180 mg/L

Very Hard more than 180 mg/L

FLOW: Corrosion

pH

FLOW: Langelier Saturation Index

LSI = pH - pHs

Where:

• pH is the measured water pH

• pHs is the pH at saturation in calcite or calcium carbonate and is defined as:

pHs = (9.3 + A + B) - (C + D)

Where:

• A = (Log10 [TDS] - 1) / 10

• B = -13.12 x Log10 (oC + 273) + 34.55

• C = Log10 [Ca2+ as CaCO3] - 0.4

• D = Log10 [alkalinity as CaCO3] Source: wqa.org

But what about my water?

Target water properties

Testing your water

Correcting your water

FLOW: SCAA Water Specifications

Characteristic Target Acceptable Range

Odor Clean / Fresh, Odor-free

Color Clear Color

Total Chlorine 0 mg/L

TDS 150 mg/L 75-250 mg/L

Calcium Hardness 4 grains or 68 mg/L 1-5 grains or 17 mg/L – 85 mg/L

Total Alkalinity 40 mg/L At or near 40 mg/L

pH 7.0 6.5 to 7.5

Sodium 10 mg/L At or near 10 mg/L

Source: scaa.com

FLOW: La Marzocco Water Specifications

Characteristic Target

Odor Clean / Fresh, Odor-free

Color Clear Color

Total Chlorine 0 mg/L

TDS 150 mg/L

Calcium Hardness 3-5 grains or 51.3-85.5 mg/L

Total Alkalinity 90-120 mg/L

pH 7-7.5

Chlorides <30 mg/L

FLOW: Methods of Conditioning

• Mechanical Filtration

• Sediment removal • Small particle removal

• Dissolved solids removal • TDS removal

• Adsorption

• Activated Carbon • Taste and Odor removal

• Ion Exchange

• Softening • Hardness Reduction

FLOW: Tools for knowing your water: Good Tool

Source: Hach.com

FLOW: Tools for knowing your water: Best Tool

Questions?