PAYING IT FORWARD Exploring the sense of environmental and community engagement as future designer ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABLE DESIGN [ARC 1413/1412] Mrs. Tamil Salvi 0311619 Evelyn Paul 0317067 Maria Rosa Seu 0304708 Na-Jiyeon 0316230 Khor Xin Suan 0316294 Christine Yeap Zhe Xing 0316283 Wang Pui Yee 0316379 Loo Mei Chuen 0310417 Nur Adila Binti Zainal 0310538 Nasreen Hajibeigy 0303372 Mohd. Haziq Azri
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PAYING IT FORWARD Exploring the sense of environmental and
community engagement as future designer
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABLE DESIGN [ARC 1413/1412]
Mrs. Tamil Salvi
0311619 Evelyn Paul 0317067 Maria Rosa Seu 0304708 Na-Jiyeon 0316230 Khor Xin Suan 0316294 Christine Yeap Zhe Xing 0316283 Wang Pui Yee 0316379 Loo Mei Chuen 0310417 Nur Adila Binti Zainal 0310538 Nasreen Hajibeigy 0303372 Mohd. Haziq Azri
CONTENT
TOPIC PAGE
1 . Front Page 1
2 . Content page 2
3 . Introduction 3
4 . Service Learning & Organization 4 to 5
5 . Proposal 6 to 7
6 . Life Cycle Analysis 8
7 . LCA of Wood 9 to 10
8 . LCA of Paint 11 to 13
9 . LCA of Plastic (Nylon) 14 to 15
10 . LCA of Rubber 16 to 18
11 . LCA of Metal 19 to 21
12 . Costing 22
13 . Work Progress 23
14 . Weekly & Individual Progress 24 to 28
15 . Progress Bar Chart 29
16 . Finishing Product 30
17 . Site Plan & Perspective Drawings 31
18 . Sections and Elevations 32 to 33
19 . Progress Pictures 34 to 41
20 . Reflection 42 to 43
21 . Appreciation 44
22 . References 45
INTRODUCTION
Through “Paying It Forward”, our group managed to enrich the everyday lives of school
children in SJK (T) Ladang Ebor by building and revamping a new playground for them. Our aim is to
emphasize that playtime for children is equally as important as studying and that they have every
right to have access to a proper, functioning playground. Playing is essential for children’s
development so we decided that by building a playground out of tires, we can indirectly teach them
to be resourceful with common objects and understand that recycling is important.
Also, we wanted to showcase the fact that you can indeed re use previously “unwanted” and
“old” materials such as how we utilized the tires for a jungle gym, stepping stone and flower pots.
Tires are among the largest and most problematic sources of waste, due to their wide usage and
their durability. Every year, it is estimated about 259 million tires are simply discarded to junkyards
or burned for fuel value because most people find that tires don’t have any other purpose besides
protecting their car’s rims. We figured that if we obtained used tires we could give them a second
chance by re-using them to build something fulfilling for the children.
The duties that we needed to perform for this movement is to put together a playground by
using tires. When the structures were complete, we will involve the children in making their
playground beautiful by painting the dull black tires colourful with as many colours as possible, as
well as paint a mural. We’ve estimated to need a minimum of 10-12 hours (split evenly on weekends
as we have classes on the weekdays).
This case study calls for us to further develop our community skills. By working in teams we
learnt to enhance our team work abilities. We’ve created and adapted schemes that allowed us to
benefit from the knowledge of our team members. These skills we learnt are crucial in our ability to
develop good professional design practice in the near future. Therefore, participating in this project
thought us not only to engage with the theme assigned to us, but also to embrace, analyse and
ponder upon the concepts of community as its member ourselves.Through collaborative and
dynamic movements, we have gained a profound understanding of our environment and our
responsibility as community, as we strive to continue practising real-world problem solving
challenges using creative ideas.
SERVICE LEARNING & ORGANIZATION
Our service-learning experience took the place in a primary school, called
SekolahJenisKebangsaan (T) Ladang Ebor. When we visited the school for the first time we just
realised that the children were really adorable, active and cheerful but the play environment for
them was surprisingly poor. So we decided to build a playground and paint a colourful mural to
enhance a cheerful environment in their memorable school life. Not forgetting of course that the
children also learn from what they benefit, by understanding how old and used items can be made
beautiful when re-used.
We have focused on what kind of instruments we make, how safely we build and what
benefits the school will have from this project. Firstly, we interviewed the children about how they
usually play in the school and any kind of the instruments of the playground they want for the school.
When we said that we were going to build the playground and provide the mural, they gave us really
big ecstatic smiles and were not shy to nod and squeal in agreement. Their smiles made us so happy
and to think that we would give them the better environments so that they can keep their smiles.
When dealing with the organization, the principal shared with us how the finances of the
school is always used to splurge on educational material such as books, stationaries, white boards
and so on. When questioned about ‘play-time’, the principal explained to us that they have not been
able to provide in that form, and admitted to not having considered it much. When we shared with
her our study on how play-time can boost the attendance of the students to school as well as their
productivity in class, she took into consideration on our thoughts. Without hesitating she agreed to
proceed with the project, so did the other teachers who were there when we presented our
proposal.
In working on this assignment, we learnt a lot through our service. We have learnt how to
join wood to the frames and tyres together tightly from the carpenter and engineer because it's very
important to make sure that all the instruments are safe for the children to play on.We considered
each and every problem and mishap that can be happen in the future to the children while playing
and tried to build the playground as safely as we could. Based on the research, playing outdoors
helps them to explore their environment, increase flexibility and develop physical exercise and the
colours allows their brain to be active and them to have creative thinking. So we used the
instruments and the mural colourful as much as we could.
While building and drawing, definitely needed good teamwork and we all co-operatedwith
each other so that we can finish everything in the given period of time. This project helped us to
have great opportunity to be aware of what environment the children have in the local school and to
consider how we can help them as well as learn to develop the environment.
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN Centre for Modern Architecture Studies in Southeast Asia (MASSA) Bachelor of Science (Honours) (Architecture) ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABLE DESIGN (ARC 1413/1412)
Mohammad HaziqAzri 0303372 [email protected] Proposal:Tire Park for Children (Low cost housing neighborhood) Organization Name : SekolahJenisKebangsaan (T) Ladang Ebor Contact Person : Mrs. Theivamani Address : SekolahJenisKebangsaan (T) Ladang Ebor
BatuTiga, Shah Alam, 4000, Selangor DarulEhsan.
Contact Number : 016 – 656 2795 Reference : http://www.tamilschool.org/TamilschoolProfile1.aspx?TId=76 http://www.easyfind.my/school_page.php?id=4216 Project Statement: Tires are among the largest and most problematic sources of waste, due to their wide usage and
their durability. Every year, it is estimated about 259 million tires are simply discarded to junkyards
or burned for fuel value because most people find that tires don’t have other purposes besides
protecting their car’s rims. We figured that if we obtained used tires we could give them a second
chance by re-using them to build something useful and fulfilling for people.
There are about 150 students in the school. The interior condition of the school is conducive
for the students to study. However the exterior is the issue at hand.
Schools nowadays don't really emphasize on playtime for children and constantly drill them
with homework. Playtime is essential for children’s development so we decided that by building a
playground out of tires, we can indirectly teach them to be resourceful with common objects and
Total - climate change impact (kg carbon dioxide emission)
2.33
Diagram above is the total embodied carbon break down per life cycle stage for paint product.
Product use and
maintenance
Product disposal
Materials Embodied Energy - MJ/kg Carbon Dioxide Emission - kg per kg
Paint - Water-bome 59 2.12
Paint - Solvent -bome 97 3.13
Both water-borne and solvent-borne paint are used at our site. The solvent-borne paint is used for the climb and the tyres to make the material water proof whereas the water-borne paint are used at the mural. As shown in the diagram above, as the layers of paint increases the embodied energy of it increases as well. We only used one layer of water-based paint therefore contributes less impact towards the environment. Paints are volatile organic compounds. Therefore when VOC’s react with oxygen, they can form ‘bad’ ozone in the presence of sunlight. This is a contributory factor to the greenhouse effect and a cause of global warming. So it is crucial to use minimum paint as possible on site.
The figure above shows the comparison of the re-manufacturing process with the original production of Nylons. The re-manufacturing process bass less environmental impact especially impacts on resources. We decided to reuse the rope and net for our project in order to conserve the energy and resources. This can reduce the amounts of the products end up being burnt and release harmful gases. As we can see, the embodied energy of Nylons is 120.50 MJ/kg, which is quite a big amount.Therefore, if we reuse the rope and net instead of manufacturing new ones, definitely less energy will be consume. Besides that, we were also able to conserve natural resources such as crude oil.
Environmental Impacts of Production & Re-manufacturing of Nylons
Human Health Ecosystem
Quality Resources
0.593
6.82
Pt
Life Cycle Analysis of Tires
(a) Materi-al/Product
(b) Raw Materials Acquisition and Manufacturing Process Energy
(c) Raw Materials Acquisition and Manufacturing Transport Energy
(d) Net Energy (d = b + c)
Resource ac-quisition and manufacture of feedstock
for tires
Transport (1) Tire produc-tion
Resouces
Energy
Raw mate-rials of
the tire
Energy
Atmospheric emissions
Emis-sions into wa-ter Overbur-den and waste
In-put
Out-
put
Raw mate-rials of
the tire
Atmospheric emissions
Emis-sions into wa-ter
Overbur-den and waste
Atmospheric emissions
Emissions into water
Overburden and waste
Energy
New
tire
Transport (2)
Tire use Transport (3)
Worn tire re-cycling as re-
treads
Energy
Atmospheric emissions
Emis-sions into wa-ter Overbur-den and waste
Energy Energy
New
tire
Old tire Old tire (Recycling of
materials)
Retreaded tire
Atmospheric emis-sions
Emissions into water Overburden and waste
Displace Current Mix of Virgin and Recycled In-puts
Displace Vir-gin Inputs
Displace cur-rent Mix of Virgin and Recycled In-puts
Displace Virgin In-puts
Displace Current Mix of Virgin and Re-cycled In-puts
Displace Virgin In-puts
Tires -71.14 -73.79 -0.49 -0.46 -71.63 -74.25
Notes: Negative number = Energy savings. This shows that displace virgin input can actually save more energy compared to display current mix of virgin and recycled input. Environmental Impacts Co-incineration and Material Recycling The figure above shows the potential environment savings from co-incineration and recycling in person equivalents per ton of tires. Basically the results indicate that recycling has a negligible advantage by
disregarding mineral source use and nitrification potential. Through the life cycle analysis, we decided to use recycled tires for our project to ensure the mainten-ance of an environmentally friendly strategy where the energy is conserved. The use of recycled tires also ensures a cleaner atmosphere whereby if tires were to be discarded, they would end up being burnt, thus, releasing carbon monoxide and other harmful gases. During the manufacture of tires, a lot of energy was used for processes such as production of raw materials and tire distribution. Hence, less
Energy Impacts for Source Reduction (Million Btu/Ton of Material Source
Reduced)
energy would be used up in the recycling of tires instead of manufacturing new ones. Less energy con-sumption is always a desirable sustainable strategy. Other than reducing the energy, recycling tires also help to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide , carbon monoxide and waste water which will consists bad impacts to the environment and human health.
LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS OF SCREWS, NAILS, NUTS, AND BOLTS (STEEL / METAL)
MINING: When a deposit of a metal ore is found, geologists and environmen-
talists need to investigate the site to make sure that no serious environmental damage will
be done. For example, if a rare or endangered species of animal is found at the site, then it
may not be possible to extract the ore. When an ore is mined a large hole and lots of debris
will be produced. Mining also produces lots of waste products and, if the waste is not prop-
erly treated, it can lead to environmental damage. All of these issues need to be considered
before the metal ore can even be removed from the ground.
PROCESSING: When an ore is extracted from the ground, it needs to be processed
to remove impurities. This means that lots of waste can be produced, some of which can be
toxic. This toxic waste can damage the local environment.
EXTRACTION: Extracting metals from their ores is very energy intensive. Using electrolysis
requires lots of electricity and reduction requires lots of carbon. Both methods produce lots
of waste gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2
), which can damage the environment.
USES & DISPOSAL: Different metals need to be used for different products. Using a dif-
ferent metal can reduce the amount of energy the product uses. For example, the body of a
car made out of aluminum instead of steel. This way the car will be lighter and so it reduces
the energy used.
You can simply throw it in the bin, which means that the metal will be taken to land-
fill.
It can be recycled. This means that it reduces the amount of metal that needs to be
mined, processed and extracted and the environmental impact is reduced.
The product could be reused, so a metal container could be used for something else.
For example, using a tin of chocolates to contain something else once the chocolates
have been eaten.
Materials Embodied Energy - MJ/kg Carbon Dioxide Emission - kg per kg
Steel 8.03 0.46
Metal 6.57 0.8
Steel is not the most or least material that impacts the environment in comparison with wood and concrete. Metal is somehow the same as steel, therefore they share the same environmental impact. We used nuts, bolts, nails and screws out of these materials because it doesnt effect the environment as much. Therefore, they are suitable to be used because they are somewhat eco-friendly.
2. Unique Green Recreation Sdn. Bhd. 7. Wong Transport
3. Ban AikSdn. Bhd. 8. Barang-BarangLogamSuria Indah Sdn. Bhd.
4. Get Smart Publications Sdn. Bhd. 9. UrbanisSdn. Bhd.
5. Reka Indah Development 10. Kings Yau Sing Enterprise
We could not put the costing for tires in the break down above because it was given to us is
different sizes and types by multiple workshops around the Sunway area.
WORK
PROGRESS
WEEKLY GROUP AND INDIVIDUAL PROGRESS
Week 1
Member Job
Evelyn Paul
Research on potential sites around Subang Jaya and Shah Alam
(location scouting)
Research on ideas for proposal
Visit the site by car survey the condition
Interview the teachers/students in needs of the school
Measure the dimension of potential area for project
Take pictures and videos for references
Discuss the problems the school was facing
Distribution of jobs
Discuss on the designs
Draw the designs with dimensions
Research on construction methods and chosen materials
Prepare proposals
Maria RosaSeu
Loo Mei Chuen
Christine YeapZhe Xing
Khor Xin Suan
Wang Pui Yee
Na-Jiyeon
DiptiGya Not enroll yet
AdilaZaas Not enroll yet
NasreenHajibeigy Not enroll yet
HaziqAzri Not enroll yet
Week 2
Member Job
Evelyn Paul Finalize designs with
dimensions and construction
ways
Finalize the materials to use
and amount
Calculate budget
Search for sponsors via
emails, calls and walk-in
Sketching of plans for
proposal
Send approval forms to the school
Discuss with principal on possible obstacles from ideas proposed
Refine proposal
Maria Rosa
Loo Mei Chuen Gather tires from workshops shops
Compare prices for the timber and hardware from different shops
Christine YeapZhe Xing
Khor Xin Suan
Wang Pui Yee
Na-Jiyeon
DiptiGya Not enroll yet
AdilaZaas Search for sponsors
NasreenHajibeigy
HaziqAzri Not enroll yet
Week 3
Member Job
Evelyn Paul Gather materials to the site Search for sponsors
Send proposals and get approval from the school
Dealling with sponsorship- Nippon
Prepare problem solution proposal for school
Scouting for potential workshops to collect tyres
Maria Rosa Refine the design of the climb
Loo Mei Chuen Experiment the connection of tyres using nuts and bolts
Gather materials-tyres to the site
Gather tools to the site Search for suitable plants
Christine YeapZhe Xing Gather unwanted or used tyres from tyre shops
Search for materials- tyres and timber
Search for sponsors on paint by walk-in
Khor Xin Suan Search for materials- tyres, nuts and bolts
Search for sponsors on paint by walk-in
Wang Pui Yee Search for materials- ropes and net
Search for sponsors on paint by walk-in
Na-Jiyeon Gather materials to the site
DiptiGya Search for sponsor Gather materials to site
AdilaZaas
NasreenHajibeigy
HaziqAzri
Week 4
Member Job
Evelyn Paul Drill holes on tyres for connections and drainage
Apply paint on tyres Join tyres together for the
Climb Dig holes on the ground to
install stepping stones Gather ropes and net for
the Climb
Transport paint from Nippon factory to the site
Deal with sponsors
Maria Rosa Take pictures and videos of the process
Refine designs of the playground- reallocate the position of Climb and Swings
Loo Mei Chuen Gather unwanted tyres Search for suitable plants
Christine YeapZhe Xing Gather unwanted tyres Collect soils from sponsors Collect paint brush from
hardware shop Transport paint from Nippon
factory to the site Help the workers to Install
swings
Khor Xin Suan
Wang Pui Yee
Na-Jiyeon Help the workers to install swing
DiptiGya
AdilaZaas Take pictures and videos of the process
NasreenHajibeigy Search for sponsor by emails and calls HaziqAzri
Week 5
Member Job
Evelyn Paul Connects tyre using nuts and bolts Drill holes for drainage purpose Apply paint on tyres Install stepping stones
Maria Rosa
Loo Mei Chuen
DiptiGya
AdilaZaas
NasreenHajibeigy
HaziqAzri
Christine YeapZhe Xing Choose suitable timber for the Climb Gather nails and tools Transport timber to Taylor’s carpentry workshop Cut and connect wood
Khor Xin Suan
Wang Pui Yee
Na-Jiyeon
Week 6
Member Job
Evelyn Paul Connects tyre using nuts and bolts Drill holes for drainage purpose Painting oftyres Install stepping stones Plant flowers into painted tyres and allocate on suitable position
Maria Rosa
Loo Mei Chuen
DiptiGya
AdilaZaas
NasreenHajibeigy
HaziqAzri
Christine YeapZhe Xing Dismantle and transport the frame to the site by lorry Assemble the frame on site using screws Apply paint on the frame to protect the surface Apply second layer of paint on the frame Cover side of the frame using nets
Khor Xin Suan
Wang Pui Yee
Na-Jiyeon
Week 7( SABD Mid-Term Break)
Member Job
Evelyn Paul
Collect water based paint from Nippon factory Screw the plywood onto the frame Installation and mounting of tyres onto the frame and tie them
up Repositioning the climb Repainting of tyres Levelling of ground
Maria Rosa Painting of mural Repositioning the climb Repainting of tires
Loo Mei Chuen Repositioning of climb Levelling of ground
Christine Yeap Not in town
Khor Xin Suan
Wang Pui Yee
Na-Jiyeon Collect water based paint from Nippon factory Screw the plywood onto the frame Installation and mounting of tyres onto the frame and tie them
up Repositioning the climb Repainting of tyres
AdilaZaas Editing of video Painting of Mural Repositioning of climb