Feedback on Assessment Qu 4a- The message is the events in Sarajevo set light to World War One Qu 4b- This was published as the assassination of the Archduke had happened and was world wide news. (can it be published due to events that come later?!?!) Qu 6a) How many sentences did you write? Qu 6b) How many reasons did you give? Belgium Navies/ Empires Triple Entente Qu6c) List five causes of World War One Highlight all the causes in your answer Do you have enough specific examples? Write down one target for your next assessment
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Feedback on Assessment Qu 4a- The message is the events in Sarajevo set light to World War One Qu 4b- This was published as the assassination of the Archduke.
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Feedback on AssessmentQu 4a- The message is the events in Sarajevo set light to World War OneQu 4b- This was published as the assassination of the Archduke had happened and was world wide news. (can it be published due to events that come later?!?!)
Qu 6a) How many sentences did you write?Qu 6b) How many reasons did you give?
BelgiumNavies/ EmpiresTriple Entente
Qu6c) List five causes of World War One Highlight all the causes in your answerDo you have enough specific examples?
Write down one target for your next assessment or resit
Paper One – Part Two 70 minsThe Big Picture
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
What happened on the Western Front?
Why did the war get bogged down in the trenches? What was living and fighting in the trenches like? How far did General Haig mismanage the Battle of the Somme? How important were new developments such as tanks, machine guns, aircraft and gas? What was the importance of America’s entry into the war? Why did Germany agree to an armistice in 1918?
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
Working in groups of six –investigate the evidence to help you to answer the question. What do the sources tell you?Are they useful?Prepare to feedback back your answer using the evidence in support
Source ACaption – A Christmas truce – British and German s fraternize December 1914Soldiers of the rival armies exchanged sweets, cigars and cigarettes and sang carols and songs in unison
What is the message of this source?
The message is…..Evidence from the source that supports this message isMy own knowledge supports this message because..
Source Self Assessment
Criteria
1)Answers the exact question, using the key words in the question
2)Uses specific evidence from all sources in the question, at least TWO references
3)Uses specific own knowledge to place sources in context, at least TWO specific points
4)Makes use of Nature/Origin/Purpose and date to support answer when relevant, eg for Useful, surprised, accurate and purpose questions
Caption -A scene of fraternization by one of our trenches
On Christmas day small parties on both sides ventured out of their trenches, all unarmed and we heard that a German officer and promised that they would not fire if we did not. Apparently during the morning small parties of German and English fraternized between the trenches and when ……and I and some of our pals strolled up from the reserve trenches after dinner we found a crowd of some hundred Tommies of each nationality holding a regular mother’s meeting between the trenches. We found our enemies to be Saxons. One of the Germans had been a waiter at the Savoy, another a West End barbers assistant. Talk and souvenirs were exchanged. There are those who did not appreciate this cessation of hostilities, even on Christmas DayAre you surprised this source exists?
I am/not surprised because…..Evidence from the source that supports this My own knowledge supports this because..
To get started
Note down as much information as you can from your source as to what life was like in the trenches
Swap your source with the person next to you and add any other information
“Whilst asleep during the night, we were frequently awakened by rats running over us. When this happened too often for my liking, I would lie on my back and wait for a rat to linger on my legs; then violently heave my legs upwards, throwing the rat into the air. Occasionally, I would hear a grunt when the rat landed on a fellow victim.” (R L Venables)
“If you have never had trench foot described to you, I will explain. Your feet swell to two to three times their normal size and go completely dead. You can stick a bayonet into them and not feel a thing. If you are lucky enough not to lose your feet and the swelling starts to go down, it is then that the most indescribable agony begins. I have heard men cry and scream with pain and many have had to have their feet and legs amputated. I was one of the lucky ones, but one more day in that trench and it may have been too late.” (Harry Roberts)
“The water in the trenches through which we waded was alive with a multitude of swimming frogs. Red slugs crawled up the side of the trenches and strange beetles with dangerous looking horns wriggled along dry ledges and invaded the dugouts, in search of the lice that infested them.” (unknown journalist)
“To get a ‘cushy’ one is all the old hands think about. A bloke in the Camerons wanted a ‘cushy’ bad! Fed up and far from home he was. He puts his finger over the top and gets his trigger finger taken off and two more besides. “I’m off to bonny Scotland!” he says laughing. But on the way down to the dressing station, he forgets to stoop low where an old sniper is working. He gets it through the head.” (Robert Graves)
“We slept in our clothes and cut our hair short so that it would tuck inside our caps. Dressing simply meant putting on our boots. There were times when we had to scrape the lice off with the blunt edge of a knife and our underclothes stuck to us. “ (Elizabeth de T’Serclaes – a nurse on the front line)
No 1……2 Private A B; the Battalion (Pioneers) South
Staffordshire Regiment was tried by FGCM on the following charges: “Misbehaving in such a manner as to show cowardice”. The accused, when proceeding with a party for work in the trenches, ran away
owing to the bursting of a shell and did not rejoin the party. The
sentence of the court was to suffer death by being shot."
"We must looked out for our bread. The rats have become much more numerous lately because the trenches are no longer in good condition. The rats here are particularly repulsive, they are so fat - the kind we call corpse-rats. They have shocking, evil, naked faces, and it is nauseating to see their long, nude tails." Erich Maria Remarque
What happened on the Western Front?
What was living in the Trenches like?
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
ObjectivesTo use source material to form a picture of life in the trenches
To make judgments on the daily like in the trenches
As a group of four you must perfectly reproduce the picture I have on my computer.
Each –person will have 30 seconds to look at the picture before returning to the group and having 30 further seconds to draw and explain what they have seen.
You now have 2 minutes to plan how you will approach this challenge, you will need to write your plan down
You will also have a chance to reflect and alter your plan before the last member of your group takes their turn.
Which source is more useful in understanding what a trench was? Use both sources and your own knowledge.
Source A (A photograph of a British trench)
Source B (A diagram of a trench from a school textbook)
Structure
Answer the questionI think source … is more usefulExplain why this source might be useful, look at nature, origin and purposeExplain why this source might be limited (less useful)Explain why the other source might be useful, look at nature origin and purposeExplain why it might be limitedReiterate your answer
Remember the question really is which is more useful a photograph or a diagram!
Source A ‘The Angels of Mons’ A postcard produced by the British government 1915
Study Source AWhat is the message of Source A? Use the source and your own knowledge to explain your answer
The message is……Evidence from the source to support this message is……..My own knowledge supports this message because………
Study Source AWhy was this source produced? Use the source and your own knowledge to explain your answer
This source was produced because……Evidence from the source to support this is…….. (refer to nature (what it is) and origin(where it is from))My own knowledge supports this because………
Source A ‘The Angels of Mons’ A postcard produced by the British government 1915
Study Source AWhat is the message of Source A? Use the source and your own knowledge to explain your answer
The message is……Evidence from the source to support this message is……..My own knowledge supports this message because………
Study Source AWhy was this source produced? Use the source and your own knowledge to explain your answer
This source was produced because……Evidence from the source to support this is…….. (refer to nature (what it is) and origin(where it is from))My own knowledge supports this because………
Study Source AWhat is the message of Source A? Use the source and your own knowledge to explain your answer
The message is that British soldiers are protected by angels.Evidence from the source to support this message is that there are two angels standing behind the British soldier who is still alive while the other German soldier is dead. Also the angel has its hand up as if to stop the enemy and they are holding swords to look like they will fight to protect the British troop.My own knowledge supports this message because I know that at the Battle of Mons in August 1914 the 120,000 strong British Expeditionary Force were outnumbered by German troops but still managed to hold the German advance back contributing to the failure of the Schlieffen Plan. Also, after the battle many solders claimed to have seen angels on the battle field and the British Government chose to use this as a propaganda tool against the Germans.
Study Source AWhy was this source produced? Use the source and your own knowledge to explain your answer
This source was produced because the British government wanted to raise morale and increase support for the war effort.Evidence from the source to support this is that it is a postcard, which would have been sent to family members and therefore spread the story of the angels at Mons, produced by the British government in 1915 showing that it was used as propaganda to raise support. I can see that the British soldier has been left alive and is being protected by the two angels who are holding swords and one is holding their hand up as if to stop the enemy. The British soldier is also the only one left alive on the battlefield. My own knowledge supports this because I know that at the Battle of Mons in August 1914 the 120,000 strong British Expeditionary Force were outnumbered by German troops but still managed to hold the German advance back contributing to the failure of the Schlieffen Plan. Also, after the battle many solders claimed to have seen angels on the battle field and the British Government chose to use this as a propaganda tool against the Germans.
What happened on the Western Front?
What was living in the Trenches like?
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
Plenary – Sum up what you have discovered in today’s lesson in five words
Source From this source we can learn ….. How useful is this source
1
2
3
4
5
6
What was fighting in the trenches like?Log on to www.historytl.com ,using the links page on the Paper One menu find the link to The National Archives –Over the TopHere you fill find 6 different sources to investigate. We will look at Source 7 together.
How far did General Haig mismanage the battle of the Somme?
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
ObjectivesTo investigate Haig's plan
To assess the quality of this plan based on prior knowledge
To understand the concept of hindsight
This poster shows a caricature of Haig, with the words: ‘Your Country Needs Me… like a hole in the head – which is what most of you are going to get’. It is taken from the book General Haig’s Private War.
How far did General Haig mismanage the battle of the Somme?
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
To get started
Look at sources 25,26,27 on page 235List ten words that come to mind when looking at these sources referring to the battle of the SommeCompare your list with your neighbourAgree a list of five words that best sum up the battle of the Somme according to these sources
How far did General Haig mismanage the battle of the Somme?
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
Look at Haig's Plan and tacticsThe planNote the three objectivesPrioritise them in order of importanceIs it acceptable to have an aim of ‘kill as many as possible’?
From what we already know about trench warfare assess the quality of this planWhat are its potential strengths and weaknesses?
The TacticsWhere these the right tactics?How much of this is hindsight?
So far what is your answer to our question?
What happened on the Western Front?
How far did General Haig mismanage the battle of the Somme? The Battle
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
Potential Reasons Why the attack on the Somme failed
Reason for failure
The troops were ordered to cross No Mans land at
walking pace, like on a ‘parade
ground’, instead of charging.
The British had to cut and tape their own barded wire before the attack,
this tipped the Germans off.
Germans were able to fire into the gaps cut in the British barded
wire.
The British barrage inflicted
little or no damage on the Germans or
their trenches.
The barrage did not blast any gaps
in the German wire for the
British to get through.
One of the British mines went off ten minutes early. This allowed the Germans to get back
in their positions.
Sources where I have found evidence in support and
A letter sent to the editors of the main British newspapers by Sir Douglas Haig, May 1916
Nature – what is it and why is it important to consider?
Origin – what is it and why is it important to consider?
Purpose – what is it and why is it important to consider?
What does it tell you about General Haig and the Battle of the Somme?
The nation must also realise that in war the enemy has always to be reckoned with until we have established an overwhelming superiority. However carefully we prepare our plans, his action may compel us to modify them, or to adopt a course which we should have preferred to avoid. Pressure of the enemy on one ally may necessitate the intervention of another in another field, even though the moment may not be so favourable otherwise as could be wished. While, therefore, it would be advantageous to postpone the decisive battle until our men are fully trained and until supplies of all sorts are abundant, we may be forced to carry out counter-offensives on a considerable scale before that. The Germans will assuredly endeavour to force our hand. In this case, the nation must be prepared to see heavy casualty lists for what may appear to the uninitiated to be insufficient object and to have produced unimportant results.To sum up: The lessons which the people of England have to learn are patience, self-sacrifice, and confidence in our ability to win in the long run. The aim for which the war is being waged is the destruction of German militarism. Three years of war and the loss of one-tenth of the manhood of the nation is not too great a price to pay in so great a cause.
A letter sent to the editors of the main British newspapers by Sir Douglas Haig, May 1916
What is the message of this source?
Source details to prove it • •
Own knowledge to support this • •
What is the purpose of this source?
Source details to prove it • •
Own knowledge to support this • •
How useful is this source?
Source details to prove it • •
Own knowledge to support this • •
The nation must also realise that in war the enemy has always to be reckoned with until we have established an overwhelming superiority. However carefully we prepare our plans, his action may compel us to modify them, or to adopt a course which we should have preferred to avoid. Pressure of the enemy on one ally may necessitate the intervention of another in another field, even though the moment may not be so favourable otherwise as could be wished. While, therefore, it would be advantageous to postpone the decisive battle until our men are fully trained and until supplies of all sorts are abundant, we may be forced to carry out counter-offensives on a considerable scale before that. The Germans will assuredly endeavour to force our hand. In this case, the nation must be prepared to see heavy casualty lists for what may appear to the uninitiated to be insufficient object and to have produced unimportant results.To sum up: The lessons which the people of England have to learn are patience, self-sacrifice, and confidence in our ability to win in the long run. The aim for which the war is being waged is the destruction of German militarism. Three years of war and the loss of one-tenth of the manhood of the nation is not too great a price to pay in so great a cause.
Choose one of the questions and answer it in 10 minutes!
A letter sent to the editors of the main British newspapers by Sir Douglas Haig, May 1916
What is the message of this source?
Source details to prove it • •
Own knowledge to support this • •
What is the purpose of this source?
Source details to prove it • •
Own knowledge to support this • •
How useful is this source?
Source details to prove it • •
Own knowledge to support this • •
The nation must also realise that in war the enemy has always to be reckoned with until we have established an overwhelming superiority. However carefully we prepare our plans, his action may compel us to modify them, or to adopt a course which we should have preferred to avoid. Pressure of the enemy on one ally may necessitate the intervention of another in another field, even though the moment may not be so favourable otherwise as could be wished. While, therefore, it would be advantageous to postpone the decisive battle until our men are fully trained and until supplies of all sorts are abundant, we may be forced to carry out counter-offensives on a considerable scale before that. The Germans will assuredly endeavour to force our hand. In this case, the nation must be prepared to see heavy casualty lists for what may appear to the uninitiated to be insufficient object and to have produced unimportant results.To sum up: The lessons which the people of England have to learn are patience, self-sacrifice, and confidence in our ability to win in the long run. The aim for which the war is being waged is the destruction of German militarism. Three years of war and the loss of one-tenth of the manhood of the nation is not too great a price to pay in so great a cause.
Swap papers and assess each others work using the table below
Criteria
1)Answers the exact question, using the key words in the question
2)Uses specific evidence from all sources in the question
3)Uses specific own knowledge to place sources in context
4)Makes use of Nature/Origin/Purpose and date to support answer when relevant
How far did General Haig mismanage the battle of the Somme?
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
This poster shows a caricature of Haig, with the words: ‘Your Country Needs Me… like a hole in the head – which is what most of you are going to get’. It is taken from the book General Haig’s Private War. www.historytl.com
What is the message of this source?
The message is……….
Evidence from the source to support this is……..
My own knowledge supports this is the message because…….
How important were the new developments in warfare?
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
www.historytl.com
Look at the photo you have been given –
Prepare a short talk to give the classInclude – An explanation of what your new development is?How might it be used in trench warfare?What strengths and weaknesses would this development have in fighting in the trenches?
Lastly comment on whether this new development will help break the deadlock in the trenches
How important were the new developments in warfare?
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
www.historytl.com
OCR History BPart two Depth Study, Causes and Events of the First World War, 1890-1918You must answer all parts of the question you chose
5 (a) What was trench foot? (4marks)(b) Why was the war not over by Christmas? (6 marks)(c) The invention of the tank was the most important development in terms of new weaponry?How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer (10 marks)
a)What was the …………? (4marks) Four simple sentences or two developed sentencesBest advice 4 simple sentences and develop one. Write as four separate sentences5minutes one paragraph
b)Why did………..? (6 marks)3 explained reasons whyWrite as three separate reasons whyE.g. An important reason why is……Another reason why is……..A final reason why is………..10 minutes ½ - 1 side
c)How far/ Which do you think……..? (10)One sentence introduction……..2 explained points for one side of the question………..2 explained points for the other side of the questionIn conclusion……….20 minutes 1 ½ - 2 sides
Why did the USA join the War in 1917?Explain why the USA joined the War (6marks)
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
www.historytl.com
Using page 239 Find three reasons why the USA joined in the War
Answer the question following the correct structure
One reason is…..Another reason is…….My final reason is……
Look at Source 39 – What does it show? Explain the general pattern and support with specific detailsWhy was this important at the time? Give two reasons
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
www.historytl.com
How far does this source explain why the USA joined the War in 1917?
This source does explain why the USA joined the war because it shows……
My knowledge supports this because…..
However this does not tell the whole story, there were other reasons………..
A poster from US recruitment campaign in 1917.
Swap papers and assess each others work using the table below
Criteria
1)Answers the exact question, using the key words in the question
2)Uses specific evidence from all sources in the question
3)Uses specific own knowledge to place sources in context
4)Makes use of Nature/Origin/Purpose and date to support answer when relevant
Assessment Table
Unit A972: British Depth Studywww.historytl.com
Criteria Done Well Needs Development
Missing
One Two Three Four
Tree Map – Why did Russia pull out of WW1 in 1917?
Using the sources and information to help you on page 248fill in the tree map.
Classifying: Ideal for classifying information given about a topic into its subtopics and details or for helping students to organise an essay.
Why did Russia pull out of WW1 in 1917?
What happened on the Western Front?
Why did Russia leave the War in 1917?Explain why Russia pulled out of the War (6marks)
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
www.historytl.com
Using page 248 Find three reasons why Russia pulled out of the War
Answer the question following the correct structure
One reason is…..Another reason is…….My final reason is……
Flow Map – America’s role on WW1Using the sources and information to help you, fill in the flow map.
Sequencing: The flows maps purpose is to aid in sequencing the order of events or steps in a process. Each event or step can be broken down into sub steps and extended as far as needs to be done.
What happened on the Western Front?
Why did everything change on 1917? America in and Russia out!
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
www.historytl.com
Learning Objectives:
• To begin to understand the events which led to the end of the war
• To assess the reasons why USA joined WW1 in 1917
•To assess the reasons why Russia pulled out of WW1 in 1917
The Cost of War?
In Pairs formulate one question you would ask this soldier
What do you think he will be doing one year from now?
www.historytl.com
What do you think he will be doing one month from now?
What happened on the Western Front?
Why did Germany agree to an Armistice in 1918?
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
www.historytl.com
ObjectivesTo understand what is meant by an Armistice
To investigate possible reasons for Germany agreeing to this
To come to a judgment as to why Germany did agree to an Armistice
What happened on the Western Front?
Why did Germany agree to an Armistice in 1918?
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
www.historytl.com
In groups of six–investigate and use the evidence to find possible reasons why Germany agreed to an Armistice
Decide on the top three reasons
Looking at all of the evidence prepare a 70 word paragraph answer to the question to feedback to the class
What happened on the Western Front?
Why did Germany agree to an Armistice in 1918?
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
www.historytl.com
Looking at all of the evidence prepare a 70 word paragraph answer to the question to feedback to the class
Reasons for
Armistice
What happened on the Western Front?How important was the Ludendorff offensive in Germany agreeing to an Armistice?
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
Causes
Major Event
The Ludendorff offensive
www.historytl.com
Effects
www.historytl.com
Organise your notes – making sure that all of your work is up to date, stuck in and the contents page is filled in
Review your notes – Decide onWhat question would you still like to askWhat are the three most important facts to remember?What was the most interesting thing you have discovered?What three skills will you need to do well in the exam
Design a 5 minute revision activity on this topic Swap activities with your neighbour, do the activity and give them feedback on how useful it is
Be ready to share your examples with the group
What happened on the Western Front?
A Review
What happened on the Western Front?
Why did Germany agree to an Armistice in 1918?
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
www.historytl.com
Plenary – Review your evidence in your files write out the main reason Why you think Germany agreed to an Armistice. Make sure you explain your choice.
How far does this source explain why Germany asked for an armistice in 1918? Use
both the source and your own knowledge
www.historytl.com
What happened on the Western Front?
A Review
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
www.historytl.com
ObjectivesTo make sure our books are ready for revision To review the information we have learnt To write a revision exercise
Organise your notes – making sure that all of your work is up to date, stuck in and the contents page is filled in
Review your notes – Decide onWhat question would you still like to askWhat are the three most important facts to remember?What was the most interesting thing you have discovered?What three skills will you need to do well in the exam
Design a 5 minute revision activity on this topic Swap activities with your neighbour, do the activity and give them feedback on how useful it is
Be ready to share your examples with the group
What happened on the Western Front?
Can we apply this knowledge?
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
www.historytl.com
ObjectivesTo attempt exam questions To peer mark exam questions To write tips for exam answers
You have 35 minutes to answer all parts of question 4
What happened on the Western Front?
Can we apply this knowledge?
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918
www.historytl.com
You have 35 minutes to answer all parts of question 4
How to answer 4 (a) The message of the source is……..Two or Three details from the actual source that provide the messageTwo or Three points placing the source in context (contextual knowledge)4(b)4(c)
Resources from this point on
Christmas cover from a French magazine in 1914From 'The Times History
and Encyclopaedia of the War'
Source A Source B
Fro
m 'th
e i
llu
stra
ted
War
New
s' J
an
uary
20
th 1
91
5
ed
itio
n :
ph
oto
s of
the C
hri
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as
Tru
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from 'the illustrated War News' January 20th 1915 edition : photos of the Christmas Truce.
Sou
rce C
Source D
Gas! GAS! Quick, boys! -- An ecstasy of fumbling Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time, But someone still was yelling out and stumbling And flound'ring like a man in fire or lime -- Dim through the misty panes and thick green light, As under a green sea, I saw him drowning. In all my dreams before my helpless sight He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning.