The Spark - Beginning of World War One Assassination ! “Death to the Tyrant!” * Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife Sophie (heir to the Austrian/Hungarian.

The Spark - Beginning of World War One

Assassination ! “Death to the Tyrant!”

* Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife Sophie

(heir to the Austrian/Hungarian throne)

* June 1914 - Sarajevo (Bosnia)

* Gavrilo Princip

(Black Hand - Serbian Nationalist )

Declaration of War - Beginning of World War One

Austrian Ultimatum –Check w/Germany first to see if they have back up.

* Serbian appeal for Russian help. Slavic support

* Russian Mobilization

Germany demand to cease. Reason?

* Declaration of War - August 1914

Serbia - King Peter (Slavic)

Austria - Franz Joseph

Germany - Wilhelm II

Russia - Nicholas II (Slavic)

Background - Beginning of World War One

* Inquiry - Review the locations of nations belonging to the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente. What problem did Germany face if war broke out in 1914?

* Define: Mobilization/Standing Army

The Schlieflen Plan - Beginning of World War One

* War Strategy of General Alfred Von Schllieffen:

- Invade France through neutral Belgium (This brings in Britain, Belgium is an ally)

- Defeat France within 6 weeks – before the time needed for Russia to mobilization.

- Transport Western Front forces to east and defeat Russia.

Sides/Fronts - Beginning of World War One

Allied Powers (Entente)

* France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy

Central Powers (Triple All.)

* Germany, Austria/Hungary, Bulgaria,

Ottoman Empire

Fronts - Western/Eastern

* First Battle of the Marne

Stalemate

* Difference between fronts

Trench Warfare

Trench Warfare• Machine gun and artillery

made remaining on surface impossible

• Each side created huge networks of trenches, easy to defend, very difficult to take.

• Life in the trenches:– Poor food and medical care– Little sleep– Trenchfoot– Cold

Russian Soldier

War in the Industrial Age• Industrialization allowed better

farming techniques– population boom

• Industrialization allowed nations to organize, train, and equip millions of men

• Industrialization allowed nations to kill millions and lose millions, yet still keep fighting

• New means of slaughter– Machine Gun– Artillery– Poison Gas

British Munitions Factory

Russia Withdrawals from War

• Food and fuel shortages in Russia due to the war caused civil unrest forced Nicholas II to step down. March 1917

• New government promised to continue the fight, but 8 months later the soldiers refused to fight anymore.

• Nov. 1917, Communist leader, Vladimir Lenin, seized power and wanted a truce with Germany.

• March 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed.• Germany could now focus on the Western Front.

U.S. Enters the War

• U.S. makes billions from selling goods to the British and French.

• Germany practices unrestricted submarine warfare. (Sinking the Lusitania, 1200 dead, 128 Americans)

• Zimmerman note- Telegraph from German foreign secretary, Arthur Zimmerman, stating that Germany would help Mexico “reconquer” the lands they lost if Mexico would ally itself with Germany.

• April 2, 1917, U.S. declares war on Germany, joins the Allies.

The Treaty of Versailles• Nov. 9 Kaiser Wilhem II Steps down• Nov. 11, 1918 Armistice• Wilson and the 14 points- No secret

treaties, self determination (choose their own government) and League of Nations

• Allies refused to lift economic sanctions until Germans sign a treaty

• Feb. 1919 Germans met at Weimar, and drafted a new constitution, the Weimar Republic is formed.

• Treaty of Versailles- Germany had to take blame for the war. Must pay reparations. Clemenceau wanted to punish Germany, reparations really gave the new Weimar government in Germany no chance to succeed.

Lloyd-George, Clemenceau, WilsonAt Versailles

Consequences of the War• 37.5 million casualties,

over 10 million dead• An entire generation of

European men were wiped out on the battlefield.

• France and Britain owed billions of $ to the U.S.

• Germany owed billions to the victors in reparations

• European Economies devastated

Ruined French Church

Territorial changesafter the Treaty ofVersailles