KSSRDI 2014-15 Annual Report 2014-15 Page 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Extension and Training Division: 1. Executive Summary: During the year 2014-15, two internal funded projects were implemented in the Extension and Training Division. The Division coordinated with DOSK on Implementation support to operationalize e-auction at Government Cocoon Markets- Kollegala, Ramanagara and Shidlaghatta. Under Catalytic Development Programme, 12 batches of training programes were conducted, covering 552 sericulturists from 10 districts of Karnataka State identified through the Deparment of Sericulture. The Division, in association with Department of Sericulture, organized twelve workshops/programmes/meetings on various aspects of sericlture. The scientists participated in silkworm disease survey programmes and microsporidian occurrence in Bangalore Rural district and Pure Mysore Seed Area. Three products developed by Moriculture Division were processed for licensing for commercial production. Contributed for video preparation on Bye-product utilization for value addition in sericulture, in connection with the preparation of e-Learning Modules for sericulture by DOSK. Two summer camps were conducted for school children. A total of 2037 visitors including VIPs, Staff of DOS, Farmers and Students who visited the Institute were attended. Around 74 scientists were deputed for the field days/workshops and other programmes of DOSK through the division.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - Karnataka€¦ · Vishala variety nursery has been raised.11 acres and 3 acres of new garden of Vishala variety has been established in Kalburgi division and Bangalore
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KSSRDI 2014-15
Annual Report 2014-15 Page 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Extension and Training Division: 1. Executive Summary: During the year 2014-15, two internal funded projects were implemented in the Extension and Training Division. The Division coordinated with DOSK on Implementation support to operationalize e-auction at Government Cocoon Markets- Kollegala, Ramanagara and Shidlaghatta. Under Catalytic Development Programme, 12 batches of training programes were conducted, covering 552 sericulturists from 10 districts of Karnataka State identified through the Deparment of Sericulture. The Division, in association with Department of Sericulture, organized twelve workshops/programmes/meetings on various aspects of sericlture. The scientists participated in silkworm disease survey programmes and microsporidian occurrence in Bangalore Rural district and Pure Mysore Seed Area. Three products developed by Moriculture Division were processed for licensing for commercial production. Contributed for video preparation on Bye-product utilization for value addition in sericulture, in connection with the preparation of e-Learning Modules for sericulture by DOSK. Two summer camps were conducted for school children. A total of 2037 visitors including VIPs, Staff of DOS, Farmers and Students who visited the Institute were attended. Around 74 scientists were deputed for the field days/workshops and other programmes of DOSK through the division.
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
MORICULTURE DIVISION: The R & D activities of the Division were carried out in 03 sections viz., 1) Mulberry Management 2) Mulberry Breeding and Genetics and 3) Plant Pathology & Microbiology Sections. Totally 18 projects under 08 thrust areas and 03 service programs were implemented. Among these, three projects are funded by Central Silk Board, GOI, DST, New Delhi, and DOS, GOK. The division also carried out. three service programs on 1) Soil testing and fertilizer recommendations 2) Quality testing and production & sale of microbial inoculants and 3) Production, supply of leaf and popularization of new mulberry variety “Vishala” through supply of saplings & seed cuttings. The division organized a one day workshop on “Popularization of Vishala mulberry variety” at KSSRDI on 28.08.2015 for DOS officials and farmers. Four workshops were organized in 4 divisions (Belgaum, Mysore, Gulbarga and Bangalore divisions). Action plan for popularization of Vishala mulberry variety in 4 divisions were prepared. Seed gardens of eight acres were established in eight government silk farms. Three acres of Vishala variety nursery has been raised.11 acres and 3 acres of new garden of Vishala variety has been established in Kalburgi division and Bangalore division respectively. A project on “Development of package of practices for tree mulberry cultivation and its popularization” for implementation in collaboration with Department of Sericulture, Government of Karnataka has been prepared and submitted for funding by DOS, GOK. The scientists of the Division served as resource persons for training programs at Sericulture Training Schools and CDP programs and as subject specialists in workshops/field days conducted by the DOSK. The scientists of the division served as resource persons for the training program on “Chawki Rearing Management”. Also, scientists of the Division participated in Krishiranga programs of AIR (8) and Krishi Darshana programs of DD (03) as subject specialists. Visitors were also attended. The scientists also participated in the Farmer‟s interaction program organized by DOSK. The division has generated a total of Rs.21,52,561.00 through sale of bio-fertilizers, bio-control agents, testing of soil and forest litter samples, licensing of bio-control agent, royalty from license products, sale of cuttings, saplings, sheep, etc.
Mulberry Management Section: Six research and one service oriented projects were implemented. The project work on „Studies on integrated nutrient management for mulberry production‟ is under progress. For the project on „Interaction studies on micronutrients in soils‟, totally 33 soil samples from Thulasidoddi, Kanakapura TSC of Ramanagaram district were analyzed for both macro and micronutrients. Field experimental work was initiated on the response of mulberry to different sources and levels of sulphur and data on leaf
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yield, moisture percentage was collected for three harvests. Studies on the status of boron in mulberry garden soils of Malavalli taluk of Mandya district, has been completed. Totally 394 soil samples covering Ramanagara, Bangalore urban districts and Raichur districts were analyzed & recommendations were given to individual farmers. So far a total of 79,205 soil samples were analyzed. The soil fertility maps for different sericultural districts (Bangalore, Mysore, Belagavi & Kalburgi) was compiled. The project (DST) in collaboration with BIRD-K of BAIF “Empowerment of tribal women towards livelihood improvement through sustainable sericulture and associated integrated farming system practices” was implemented in Challakere and Molakalmuru TSCs of Chitradurga district and Thulasidoddi of Ramanagaram district.
The project „Studies on water management in mulberry cultivation‟ (RKVY-funded project) - a new Vishala mulberry garden has been established to impose treatments. Due to acute shortage of water the treatments could not be imposed. Now new bore well has been dug and the drip system will be installed and the studies will be initiated. The project on „Fertilizer trial for Vishala the improved mulberry variety‟ was taken up in sericulturist garden at Tharalu village and treatments were imposed. Data on growth and yield was collected and leaf moisture test was conducted for second crop. An income of Rs.2, 12,900.00 was generated through analysis of soil samples and litter from Forest Survey of India, GOI, Koramangala, Bangalore. Mulberry Breeding and Genetics Section: Five projects under one thrust area were implemented during the period under report. Under the thrust area „Development of superior mulberry genotypes (long-term): A. Irrigated conditions: „Selection and evaluation of promising open-pollinated (OPH), controlled-pollinated (CPH) and polyploid populations‟ (Phase-IV has been completed. The seedlings which were raised by treating open-pollinated hybrid seeds of 10 promising mulberry germplasm accessions with different concentrations of EMS were transplanted to the screening plot along with Vishala and V1 genotypes as checks with 90 X 60 cm plant spacing. The plantation is under establishment. For „Preliminary yield trial of promising genotypes of mulberry under irrigated conditions‟ (PYT-4), data on various parameters were recorded for 04 harvests. For AICEM Phase-III, experiment, data on various parameters were recorded for 05 harvests of the schedule for 05 genotypes.
B. Rainfed conditions: Under „Evaluation of promising mulberry genotypes‟ after the establishment, data on various parameters were recorded for 04 harvests of the first year annual schedule. During the period under report 15,085 kg seed cuttings and 4,130 saplings of Vishala mulberry genotype were supplied to 38 sericulturists covering 10 districts. Also, totally 1250 kg seed cuttings and 4600 saplings of V1 mulberry variety were supplied to 5 sericulturists covering 03 districts. Totally Rs. 23,550-00 was generated by selling Vishala and V1 cuttings and saplings.
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Plant Pathology and Microbiology Section: Four research and one service oriented and income generation project were implemented. Works related to maintenance of evaluated microbial stock cultures of fungal and bacterial isolates was continued. The response of mulberry to potash mobilizing bacteria has been completed. The bacterium causing bacterial leaf spot was isolated & maintained for further studies. The angiospermic plants having medicinal properties were screened for antagonism against the pathogen. The RKVY funded project on root disease management in mulberry was completed. By implementing income generation activities such as sale of bio-fertilizers & bio-control agents, licensing of Bio-control agent and royalty from licensed products, an income of Rs. 16,17,276.00 has been generated.
Central farm management unit: The following works were carried out. a) Maintenance of mulberry & ornamental gardens b) Supply of 28,042 kgs leaf to silkworm division c) Supply of 10,850 saplings of Vishala variety to 5 sericulturists and 9525 kg of seed cuttings were supplied to 22 sericulturists d) Allotment and supervision of work to watch ward e) maintenance of irrigation system & 115 sheep. A sum of Rs. 3,22,385.00 was generated through auctioning of 40 sheep & firewood, & sale of saplings and seed cuttings. KSSRDI Sub-station- Kadaganchi: This sub-station located near Gulbarga, under North-Eastern Transition Zone of Karnataka, experiences varied climatic conditions across seasons with high temperature and scanty rainfall. The substation was mandated for evaluation and identification of suitable mulberry genotypes and silkworm races and developing appropriate technology for mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing. Because of lack of cultivable land and acute scarcity of water, and technical manpower this sub-station currently concentrated mainly on extension activities in coordination with the local DOSK officials. KSSRDI Sub-station- Melinakuruvalli: This sub-station is located at Melinakuruvalli (near Thirthahalli, Shimoga district), under the Hilly Zone of Karnataka, which experiences high rainfall. The substation was established mainly to cater to the needs of malnad sericulturists having high rainfall, acidic soil and related other problems. During the period under report, the substation continued coordinating with the TSC, Thirthahalli, for field interactions and maintenance of the existence gardens, 2500 saplings of vishala variety have been raised for supply to the sericulturists. The sub-station is also facing shortage of water during post monsoon period and problem of bison‟s due to dilapidated fencing.
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SERICULTURE DIVISION:
Development of robust silkworm races , innovations in silkworm rearing technologies
and disease and pest control are some of the important areas that have been addressed
by the division. 23 projects were implemented during the period. In the silkworm
breeding and genetics section work on improvement of unique race KS10 was
continued and a new line KS 27 was developed with improvement in productive
characters without compromising on retaining inhibitor of diapause gene. Efforts were
made to transgress Id gene in to PM with aim of using PM males which at present are
sent for reeling. Studies were also initiated on crosses between PM and KS10 to
understand the genetics of inheritance of cocoon colour and diapause. Post
authorisation popularisation of MH1 X CSR2 were carried out in collaboration with
CSRTI and NSSO institutes of CSB. More than 1,11000 DFLs were distributed during
the period harvesting more than 64.54 kgs of cocoons per 100 dfls. Among all the
multivoltines taken up under the popularisation trial MH1 X CSR2 ranked first.
However, the reeling parameters need to be addressed by the breeder before taking up
further popularisation programme as expressed by CSB report. Maintenance of
Germplasm races is continued for the current year also. The division has identified two
new improved cross breeds viz. RP9 x NK2 and RP9 X CSR2 which need to be field
tested. Maintenance of germplasm race of both multivoltine and bivoltine was
continued.
Studies on seed technological traits of new race KS10 along with preservation schedule
was taken up and completed and included in package of practices. Similar studies
were also taken up on the bivoltine race KSD8. Field popularisation of new innovative
technology OFIT (One feed per instar technology) was taken up during the year.
Botanical based bed disinfectants Samvardhan for control of all diseases and Suraksha
Green for control of fungal disease were released. Screening of new races developed in
the Institute against Kenchu virus, Bacteria and NPV were also taken up and
completed. Under the identification of donar parents for disease tolerant races studies
were continued on challenging and directional selection of identified races for various
diseases.
The division has implemented the project on “Characterization of Pathophysiological
Factors causing Spinning Syndrome in Silkworm Bombyx mori L.” funded by
Department of Science and Technology. Pebrine disease survey and surveillance was
carried out in Pure Mysore Seed Area. Thorough mother moth testing was adopted to
screen the lots. Studies were also taken up on a new Microsporidian prevalent in the
seed area. Through experiments it was concluded that the new Microsporidian though
different from regular Nosema Sp. is virulent and it was recommended that, lots
infected with this microsporidia should also be rejected.
A new mountage viz.,Thalaghattapura Ribbon Chandrike was developed and released
during the period under report. Popularization trials are to be taken up. The new
mountage is user friendly, cost effective and facilitates self mounting and mechanical
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harvesting. It was found that the quality of cocoons harvested out of these mountages
is superior with less number of defective cocoons.
Four books were published during the period in which the scientists contributed.
Modules for E-learning were prepared by the scientists. They participated in various
training programmes, Doordarshan programme and AIR as resource persons.
SILK TECHNOLOGY DIVISION: Silk Technology Division is having two sections with two Scientists – E, three Scientists – D and four Scientist-- C and one Scientist - B. The major thrust areas are silk reeling and weaving and silk processing. Totally nine projects were executed in the division during the reporting period, including four completed projects.
Silk Reeling and Fabric Manufacturing Section : The project titled “Technology of reeling urine stained cocoon” has been completed and completion report is being presented. The urinated cocoons during rainy season pose great difficulty in terms of reduced reelability, increased waste % and resulting in inferior quality of raw silk. The analysis of urine stained cocoons and process performance have been carried out. Corrective measures using acetic acid, critic acid in different concentrations have been tried. Addition of 0.3% of resin to cooking both has shown promising results. The field trials will be taken up. The project titled “Evalaution of yarn imperfections due to inferior cocoons at reeling” has been completed and completion report is being presented. Cocoon lots contain different proportions of defective cocoons during different seasons. Cocoon lots were analysed for different seasons and defective cocoon % were estimated. The effect of these on reeling performance and quality of raw silk has been documented. The project titled “Studies on different methods of soaking” has been completed and completion report is being presented. Different methods of soaking practiced in the industry along with vacuum method of soaking have been compared. The effect on these methods by varying chemicals, duration has been recorded. The use of vacuum conditions have shown better results in terms of better yarn properties compared to open bath method. Under the “Catalytic Development programme” training were imparted to 480 reelers from seven reeling clusters. The training module included the creation of awareness about new technologies and methods developed by the Institute. The project titled “Design and development of Electronic reeling machine (ERM)”, the experiments have been concluded to ascertain power consumption with drive namely as reel shaft drive, traverse mechanism and jettebout drive.
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Silk Processing Section: Under the project titled “Unconventional method of degumming of silk yarn and popularizing of technology in the field level” The results emerged out of experiments were demonstrated with few processing units. The utilization of sericin application and analysis of fabric properties were carried out. Under the project titled “Indigenous silk fabric produced from excess PM seed cocoons” A field survey was conducted at Prodattur, AP regarding the utilization of PM raw silk yarns. A new project proposal titled “Silk noil yarn utilization for Navalgund and Warangal, Dhurries development for floor fashion” has been prepared and submitted to Central Silk Board for funding.
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EXTENSION AND TRAINING DIVISION: A. Internal Funded Projects:
During 2014-15, the following internal funded projects were implemented- a. Field demonstration of Swayandrike in new areas b. Imparting training on product diversification for value addition in
sericulture to Self-Help-Groups (SHGs).
B. Implementation support to operationalize e-auction module at Govt. Cocoon Markets- Kollegala, Ramanagara and Shidlaghatta.
The Extension and Training Division of KSSRDI coordinated with the Dept. of Sericulture, GoK in computerization of cocoon sale process in Kollegal, Ramnagaram and Shidlaghatta Govt. cocoon markets facilitating software, documentation and reporting since July 2014.
C. Catalytic Development Programme (CDP) of KSSRDI for sericulturists:
During the year 2014-15, a total of 552 sericulturists in 12 batches from 10 districts of Karnataka State identified through the Department of sericulture were participated in the training, out of 600 target allotted to KSSRDI. The details are:
Sl. No.
Batch Date Duration Sericulturists
01 I 21-07-2014 to 24-07-2014 Total FOUR days Two days
theory and Two days
study tours.
51
02 II 04-08-2014 to 07-08-2014 40
03 III 18-08-2014 to 21-08-2014 58
04 IV 01-09-2014 to 04-09-2014 37
05 V 15-09-2014 to 18-09-2014 41
06 VI 17-11-2014 to 20-11-2014 37
07 VII 01-12-2014 to 04-12-2104 38
08 VIII 15-12-2104 to 18-12-2014 52
09 IX 05-01-2015 to 08-01-2015 63
10 X 19-01-2015 to 22-01-2015 48
11 XI 03-02-2015 to 06-02-2015 32
12 XII 24-02-2015 to 27-02-2015 50
Total 552
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ONGOING PROJECTS
MORICULTURE: M-I: Mulberry Management Section: (Co-ordinator for Sectional Projects: Dr. H. Thimmareddy, S-D/SH) Thrust area: M-I-1: Integrated soil fertility management for improvement of
production potential. M-I-1(i): Studies on integrated nutrient management practices for mulberry
production (RKVY-funded project). Dr. H. Thimmareddy, S-D, Project duration: 03 years, 2012-15.
M-I-1(ii): Response of mulberry to sulphur application. Smt. P. Meera, S-B. and Dr.
H. Thimmareddy, S-D and Project duration: 03 years, 2011-14. Thrust area: M-I-2: Micronutrient status, deficiencies, interaction among the
nutrients and corrective measures for improvement of mulberry garden soils of Karnataka.
M-I-2(i): Studies on status of micronutrients and their interaction in relation to
availability in mulberry garden soils of Karnataka. Dr. H. Thimmareddy, S-D and Smt. P. Meera, S-B.
M-I-2(ii): Studies on status of boron in the mulberry garden soils of Malavalli taluk of
Thrust area: M-I-3: Nutrient management and monitoring in mulberry field
plantations for improvement of cocoon crop performances in Karnataka.
M-I-3(ii): Empowerment of tribal women towards livelihood improvement through sustainable sericulture and associated integrated farming system practices. (DST funded project in collaborated with BIRD-K of BAIF). Dr. Chaluvachari, S-C & Dr. R. Sugun, S-D: Project duration: 03 years, 2012-2015.
Thrust Area: M-I-4: Agronomical performances of improved mulberry varieties. M-I-2(iv): Fertilizer trial for Vishala the improved mulberry variety. Dr. S.N. Narayan
Gowda, S-D, Dr.N.Siddalingaswamy, S-C, Project duration: 03 years, 2014-16.
Thrust Area: M-I-5: Maximization of productivity through water and nutrient
management. M-I-5(ii): Studies on water management in mulberry cultivation (RKVY-funded
project). Dr. S.N. Narayan Gowda, S-D, Dr.N.Siddalingaswamy, S-C. Project duration: 03 years, 2012-16.
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M-II: Mulberry Breeding & Genetics Section: (Co-ordinator for Sectional Projects: Dr. M. S. Eswar Rao, S-C/SH)
Thrust area: M-II-1: Development of superior mulberry genotypes (long-term). M-II-1(i): Selection in open-pollinated, controlled-pollinated and polyploid populations
of mulberry under irrigated and rainfed conditions (Phase-IV). Dr. M.S.Eswar Rao, S-C,Project duration: 03 years, 2012-15.
M-II-1(ii): Evolution of mutants of mulberry for irrigated and rainfed conditions (Phase-
IV). Dr. M.S.Eswar Rao, S-C, Project: duration 03 years, 2013-16. M-II-1(iii): Evaluation of promising genotypes of mulberry under PYT, FYT and MLT in
irrigated and rain fed conditions (Phase-IV). Dr. M. S. Eswar Rao, S-C.
Project duration: 04 years, 2012-16. Experiment-1: Evaluation of promising selections from OPH, CPH, and polyploid
populations of mulberry under irrigated and rainfed conditions (Phase-IV).
Experiment-2: Preliminary yield trial under irrigated conditions (PYT-4). Experiment-3: Evaluation of promising mulberry genotypes under rain fed conditions
[(RKVY-funded project)/Preliminary yield trial under rain fed conditions (PYT-3)].
M-II-1(iv): All India co-ordinated experimental trial for mulberry under irrigated
conditions (AICEM, Phase-III, CSB-funded). Dr. M.S. Eswar Rao, S-C, 05 years, 2011-16.
M-II-1(v): Popularization of Vishala mulberry new mulberry varieties of KSSRDI (RKVY
funded project) (Dr. J. Sukumar, DCM & Dr. M.S. Eswar Rao, S-C) M-III: Plant Pathology & Microbiology Section:
(Co-ordinator for Sectional Projects: Dr. J. Sukumar, S-E/SH) Thrust area:-III-1: Disease management in mulberry (long-term). M-III-1(i): Control of Pseudomonas leaf blight and Cercospora leaf spot diseases of
mulberry using botanicals. Dr. K. V. Prasad, S-C, Project duration: 03 years, 2012-15.
M-III-1(ii): Studies on integrated root disease management in mulberry (RKVY-funded
project). J. Sukumar, DCM & Dr. S.D. Padma, S-D. Project duration: 03 years, 2012-15.
M-III-1(iii): Epidemiology and management of soft root rot disease in mulberry. Dr.
S.D. Padma, S-D, Project Duration: 03 years, 2013-2016. Thrust area: M-III-2: Improvement of soil health and fertility through microbial
inoculants (long-term).
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M-III-2(i): Maintenance of bio-inoculants stock cultures and periodical efficacy evaluation (Phase-IV). Dr.J. Sukumar, DCM & Dr. S.D. Padma, S-D, Project duration: 03 years, 2009-12.
M-III-2(ii): Isolation and evaluation of potash mobilizing bacterial isolates to improve
agronomic parameters in mulberry. Dr.S.D.Padma, S-D & Dr.J.Sukumar, DCM, Project Duration: 04 years, 2011-15.
M-IV: Service Program: M-IV-1: Soil analysis, fertilizer recommendations and preparation of soil fertility
maps for mulberry gardens in different parts of Karnataka (long-term service program: Phase-V: 2010-15). Dr. H. Thimmareddy, S-D.
M-IV-2: Quality testing and production and sale of microbial inoculants (Dr. J. Sukumar, DCM and Dr. S.D.Padma, S-C).
M-IV-3: Farm management, production and supply of leaf, saplings and seed cuttings
(Dr. H. Thimmareddy, S-D).
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SERICULTURE DIVISION: S. I. Silkworm Breeding & Genetics Section S.1.1. Breeding of superior polyvoltine races. Dr.G.S.Rajanna, SD., Smt. R.Latha,
SB., Duration-02 years. S.1.2. Breeding studies to evolve new robust and productive bivoltine races. Dr.Rajendra Mundkur, SD., Sri. S.D.Ganachari, SC., Duration-Long term,
continuous. S.1.3 Studies on non-diapausing race - KS10. Dr. Rajendra Mundkur, SD.,Dr.
S.1.4. Collection, conservation and evaluation of silkworm germplasm accessions. Dr. G.S. Rajanna, SD., Smt. R.Latha, SB., Duration-Long term.
S.II. Silkworm Crop Improvement Section: S.II.1. Maintenance of basic stock of new races. Dr.S.R.Katti, SE, Dr. H.Venkatesh,
SC., Duration-Long term
S.II.2. Silkworm seed technology package for new bivoltine silkworm Races. Dr.Ch.Narasimha Rao, SD., Dr.Venkataramu, SC., Duration-3 Years. S.II.3. Physiological studies related to productivity in promising silkworm races
of Bombyx mori. Dr. V.G. Mariba shetty, SD., Duration-3 Years. S.II.4. Large scale validation of new silkworm races of KSSRDI (Commercial
rearing). Dr.S.R.Katti, SE., Dr.C.M.Venkatesh,SC., Duration-Long term. S.II.5 : Improvement and popularization of One Feed per Instar Technology in
S.II.6. Pathophysiological studies on spinning syndrome of silkworm Bombyx
mori (DST funded). Dr. N.B. Jyothi. SC., Dr. V.G. Mariba shetty, SD., Duration-Two years
Service Programmes:
S.II.7: Quality test of „Chetana‟ through bioassay (Commercialized moulting hormone). Dr.V.G.Maribashetty, S-D., Duration- Long Term.
S.II.8. Preservation and processing of silkworm layings of KSSRDI .
Dr. Ch. Narasimha Rao, SD and Dr.Venkataramu, SC., Duration-Long term.
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S.Iii. Insect Pathology and Pest Management Section:
S.III.1 : Development of viral resistant Donor parents and evolving disease tolerant hybrids. Smt. P. Sharadamma. SC., Dr.N.B.Jyothi, SC Dr.N.R. Prasad,SD. and Dr.Rajendra Mundkur, SD., Duration-3 Years.
S.III.2 : Studies on disease tolerance levels in new silkworm races Developed in
the Institute. Dr.N.R.Prasad, S-D., Duration-3 years. S.III.3: Application of Nanotechnology in silkworm disease management/control.
Sharadamma, SC., Dr.N.B.Jyothi, SC, Dr.Prabhakar Rao, SC and Sri. M.B.
Hadimani. SC., Scientists of CSB and Staff, DOSK. Duration- June 2014-
March 2014
S.III.7 : Managements of papaya mealy bug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink (Peusococcidae:Hemiptera). Dr.N.R.Prasad, SD., Dr.E.Muniraju, SC and Sri.K.N.N.Gupta, SC., Duration-Continuous.
S.III.8: Bionomics and integrated control of leaf-roller, Diaphania pulverulentalis
and other important lepidopteran pests of mulberry. Dr.E.Muniraju, SC.,
SUB-STATION – OOTY: S.V.1. Collection maintenance and evaluation of germplasm of silkworm Bombyx
mori.L. Dr. Rajendra Mundkur, S–D., Sri. A.C.Devaraju. S–C., Duration-Long Term.
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SUB-STATION – B.R Hills: Project: Maintenance and improvement of stock races of Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Dr. G.S.Rajanna, SD., Mr. N.P. Nataraja Murthy, SC., Duration-Long
Term.
External funded Projects:
1. Popularisation of Authorized Silkworm Hybrids among Farmers of South India. KSSRDI component: Post Authorization Trails (PAT) of MH1XCSR2 Hybrid.
Budget : 10.944 lakhs Duration : Two Years
Yr. of Initiation : Nov.2012.
2. Mass dissemination of sericulture technologies through filming documentaries to
create awareness for higher cocoon production, under funding from Department of
Science and Technology, New Delhi.
Budget : 9.80 lakhs
Duration : Three Years Yr. of Initiation: 2012-13
3. Characterization of Pathophysiological Factors Causing Spinning Syndrome in
Silkworm Bombyx mori L. under funding from Department of Science and
Technology, New Delhi.
Budget : Rs. 18,63,485/-
Yr. of Initiation: Nov 2014 (3years)
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SILK TECHNOLOGY DIVISION: I. Silk Reeling and Fabric Manufacturing Section: STD-I-1: Design and development of Electronic reeling machine (ERM)
Dr.R.Bandiwad, S-D., Sri A.G.Shankar, S-E., Duration-2 years, Yr. of initiation-2014.
STD-I-2: Development of Vacuum cocoon boiling machine for multi-end Reeling
units. A G Shankar, Duration-1 year, Budget- Rs.2.00 lakhs (RKVY), 2013-14.
STD-I-3: Evaluation of new race cocoons evolved by KSSRDI.
Sri A. G Shankar, Sri H.R.Parashivamurthy, S-B., Sri M Nagesh, S-B., Duration-Continuous program.
II. Silk Processing Section: STD-II-1: A study on Unconventional method of degumming of silk yarn and
popularizing of technology in the field level. Sri M.K.Vijayeendra, Smt.R.Yashoda, Duration- 2 years.
STD-II-2: Indigenous silk fabric (kousheya) produced from excess PM seed
cocoons- A study. Sri M.K.Vijayeendra, S-D., Smt.R.Yashoda, S-B., Duration-2yrs, Yr. of initiation-2013-14, Budget- 0.275 Lakhs (Internal funding)
III.STD-SPS-3 STD-II-3: Technology development for mavata making by utilising waste /
unreelable cocoons”. Sri V.H.Maharaddi, Smt.R.Yashoda. Duration-2 years., Budget required-0.40 lakhs (Internal fund- to be released)
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EXTENSION AND TRAINIG DIVISION:
ETD-1: Field demonstration of Swayandrike in new areas.
Dr.Sugun.R., Sri M.B.Hadimani, Dr.A.Prabhakara Rao, Duration-1 year ETD-2: Imparting training on product diversification for value addition in
sericulture to Self-Help-Groups (SHGs). Dr.Sugun R. Duration-1 year.
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COMPLETED PROJECTS
MORICULTURE DIVISION: Mulberry Management Section: Thrust area M-I-2: Micronutrient Status, deficiencies, interaction among the nutrients
and corrective measures for improvement of mulberry garden soils of Karnataka.
M-I-2(ii): Studies on status of available boron in the mulberry garden soils of Malavalli
taluk of Mandya district Duration : 3 yrs - 2012-15
Project Leader : Dr. H. Thimmareddy, S-D Project Investigator : Smt. Savitri P Magadi, S-C
a) Objectives:
a. To know the available boron status of mulberry garden soils of Malavalli taluk, Mandya district.
b. To find out the soil parameters influencing the available boron content in the soil.
b) Results: Totally 189 soil samples were analyzed. The soil analysis data revealed that the soil pH was normal (6.2-7.3) in 19 % (35), moderately high (7.3-8.3) in 73 % (138) and high (>8.3) in 8% (16) soils. Organic carbon content was low (0.5%) in 41% (78), 57 % soils are (107) in the medium (0.5-1.0%) and 2 % soils in high (>8.3) range. Available P was low (<22 P2O5 kg/ha) in 49 % (93), medium (22-55kg/ha) in 37 % (69) and high (>8.3) in 14% (27) of the soils. Available K was low (<125 kg K2O/ha) in 23% (43), medium (125-312 K2O kg/ha) in 54 % (103), and high (>312 K2O kg/ha) in 23 % (43) of the soils. Available boron was low (<0.5 ppm) in 55 % (104), 36 % (68) soils are in medium (0.5-1.0 ppm) and 8 % (16) soils are in high (>1.0 ppm) category. Available S was deficient (<10 ppm) in 55 % (104) and sufficient (.10 ppm) in 45 % (85) soils. The available Zn was deficient (<2.0 ppm) in 75 % and sufficient (.2.0 ppm) in 25 %, available Fe was deficient (<2.5 ppm) in 42 % & sufficient (>2.5 ppm) in 58%. The soils are sufficient with respect to available Mn and Cu (Table 1). The correlation analysis between soil parameters revealed that the available B has
negative significant correlation with soil pH (-0.476*), electrical conductivity has negative significant correlation with available Zn (-0.413*) and available Cu (-0.401*). Organic carbon has significant positive significant correlation with exch.Ca (0.509**), exch. Mg (0.416*) and with available boron (0.548**). The Exch. Mg has positive significant correlation with available Fe (0.463*). Available Zn has positive significant correlation with Cu (0.395*), available Cu has positive significant correlation with Mn (0.441**), and available Fe has negative significant correlation with Cu (-0.396**) (Table 2).
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c) Recommendations /Conclusions: The available boron content in the soil has positive significant relation with organic carbon, negative significant correlation with pH. Therefore, maintenance of optimum level of organic carbon content in the soil through application of optimum quantities of organic manures is recommended. Use of S containing fertilizers is suggested to reduce the pH.
Table 1: Soil fertility status of mulberry garden soils of Malavalli taluk
Mulberry Breeding and Genetics Section: Thrust area M-II-1 : Development of superior mulberry genotypes (long-term) Project Title M-II-1(ii) : Selection in OPH, CPH & polyploidy populations of mulberry under irrigated and rainfed conditions (phase-IV) Project Duration : 02 years, 2013 – 2015 Project Leader : Dr. M. S. Eswar Rao, S-C Objective: To test the yield potential and leaf quality of promising mulberry genotypes. Results: Based on the selection indices, out of 101 genotypes of OPH, CPH and polyploid populations evaluated, 07 genotypes viz., R64P9, R66P16 (OPH), R66P19, R68P3 (CPH), R75P2, R75P12 and R76P8, (triploids) were found to be superior for the parameters studied (Table-1). Recommendation: The 07 superior genotypes selected can be further evaluated.
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Table-1: Cumulative ranking index of selection in OPH, CPH and polyploidy populations of mulberry under irrigated conditions
Thrust area: M-II-1 : Development of superior mulberry genotypes
(long-term) Project M-II-1(iii) : Evaluation of promising genotypes of mulberry under PYT, FYT and MLT in irrigated and rainfed conditions ( phase-VI) Expt. 1 : Evaluation of promising selections from OPH, CPH and ipolyploid populations under irrigated condition (phase-IV) Project Duration : 2 years; 2013 – 2015 Project Leader : Dr. M. S. Eswar Rao, S-C Objective: To test the yield potential and leaf quality of promising mulberry genotypes. Results: Based on the selection indices, out of 129 genotypes of OPH, CPH and polyploid populations evaluated, 09 genotypes viz., R3, R7 (OPH) R10, R13, R17 (CPH) and R19, R24, R26,R70(triploids) were found to be superior for the parameters studied(Table-1). Recommendation:
The 09 superior genotypes selected can be further evaluated.
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Table-1: Cumulative ranking index of Evaluation of OPH, CPH and polyploidy
populations of mulberry under irrigated conditions
Plant Pathology & Microbiology Section: Thrust area (M-III-2) : Improvement of soil health and fertility through microbial inoculants. Project title(M-III-2(ii) : Isolation and evaluation of potash mobilizing bacterial isolates to improve agronomical parameters in mulberry. Project duration : 2011-2015 Project Leader : Dr. S.D.Padma, S-D Objectives:
1. To isolate potash mobilizing bacteria (KMB) from mulberry rhizosphere soils and evaluation of their potash mobilizing efficiency.
2. To study the effect of potash mobilizing bacterial (KMB) isolates on growth, yield and K
uptake in mulberry under pot culture conditions in comparison with available reference
culture of potash mobilizing bacteria Frateuria aurentia (obtained from Regional centre for Organic farming, Bangalore).
3. To study the response of mulberry to co-inoculation with potash mobilizing, phosphate solubilizing and nitrogen fixing bacterial isolates.
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Experiment 1: Isolation of potash mobilizing bacteria (KMB) from mulberry rhizosphere soils and evaluation of its efficiency. Results The isolated bacteria exhibited clear zones and were maintained on nutrient agar slants. The bacteria were gram negative bacilli, rod shaped and motile. Out of the four isolates KMB5 was found to be good in solubilizing potash. Experiment 2: Evaluation of the effect of potash mobilizing bacteria on mulberry.
Results: Significant improvement in plant height, leaf yield and root volume were recorded in presence of KMB isolate compared to control. Growth and biomass was found to be higher when compared with plants treated with Frateuria aurentia (obtained from Regional centre for Organic farming, Bangalore). Leaf yield (78g) and root growth (73.20ml) was maximum in presence of 75% K+ KMB. Inoculated plants performed better even in presence of reduced dose (75%) indicating that Potash mobilizing bacteria also has a solubilizing trait. Table: Effect of potash mobilizing bacterial (KMB) isolates on growth, yield and K uptake in mulberry under pot culture conditions.
(Average of 10 harvests)
Sl. no.
Treatments Growth (cm)
Fresh wt. of leaf / plant(g)
Moisture content
(%)
Root volume/ plant (ml)
1 NPK 0 42.64 50.40 62.34 47.50
2 NPK0+KMB 41.88 54.80 63.10 42.00
3 NPK0+KMB (RF) 41.94 48.08 62.30 57.00
4 NPK 100 52.20 60.94 62.70 47.50
5 NPK100+KMB 50.76 72.90 61.10 70.00
6 NPK100 +KMB (RF) 46.80 63.37 62.40 59.00
7 NP 100 +K 75 47.58 65.70 62.80 47.00
8 NP100+K75 +KMB 48.56 78.00 64.00 73.20
9 NP 100+K75 +KMB (RF) 51.80 66.04 64.00 65.50
CD @ 5% 2.93 3.74 3.62 3.70
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Experiment - 3: To study the response of mulberry to co-inoculation with potash mobilizing, phosphate solubilizing, nitrogen fixing bacterial isolates and VAM. Results: The present research findings provide information that sustained growth and leaf yield can be achieved with 75% of NPK fertilizers with combined inoculation of all the beneficial microorganisms. Thus the application of reduced chemical fertilizers with consortium of all microorganisms can be recommended for mulberry to increase the yield and to maintain soil health in the ecosystem.
Experiment - 5: To study the effect of pH on potash solubilization Results: It was found that K solubilization was maximum when bacterial strains were grown in cultures with pH 6.5 and 7.0. with increase in pH of the medium K solubilization decreased. Maximum K solubilization was observed at pH 7.0 and was minimum at alkaline pH. Experiment- 6: Solubilization of Muriate of Potash at different dosages in incubated soils with Potash mobilizing bacterial isolate Result: The maximum potash content was observed in soil samples of 40th day and then it declined. Experiment-7: To study the effect of KMB isolate on mulberry under field condition Result: The efficiency of the organism was evaluated in sericulturist‟s gardens. Growth and leaf yield was higher in plots treated with KMB isolate when compared with control.
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Table-: Pooled data on leaf yield in response to Potash mobilizing bacterial
inoculation in sericulturists gardens.
Particulars Control Treated
Growth (cm) 158.0 163.0
Leaf yield (g/plant) 720.0 864.0
Leaf yield (kg/ac/crop) 1958.0 2150.0
Leaf yield(kg/ha/yr) 24,480.0 29,376.0
Moisture content (%) 73.4 74.0
Recommendations / Conclusions: To include the organism as a component in the integrated nutrient management. Thrust area M-III-1 : Disease management in mulberry Project title M-III-1(ii) : Studies on the integrated root disease management in mulberry Project leader : Dr.J.Sukumar, Division chief, Moriculture Project duration : 2012-2015 (03 years) Objective : To develop integrated root rot disease management methods with special emphasis on biological control. Results: Isolation of antagonists : Five fungi and three bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of mulberry. They were isolated on to pure culture media and identified and given an isolate number. Of the fungal isolates 03 belonged to Trichoderma viride and 02 belonged to T. harzianum. Two bacterial isolates were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens and one Bacillus subtilis (Table-1). These were maintained on PDA and NA media for further use On farm trials of selected isolates in sericulturists gardens: The two Trichoderma isolates viz., T. viride (MPM-1), and T. viride (MPM-14) which showed maximum disease control in field experiments at the institute campus were selected for an on farm trial in 08 selected sericulturists mulberry gardens in Kanakapura taluk of Ramanagara district, with heavy infestation by root rot disease. The inoculum was applied at 2 kg/acre/year in two splits multiplied in 25 kg neem cake with 25% moisture. Two gardens without treatment served as control. The mortality of plants due to disease in
selected gardens before imposing the treatments ranged from 50-500. The disease incidence after 03, 06 and 12 months after application of inoculants showed maximum reduction with both the isolates used. One year after the application of the inoculants (02 doses), the disease incidence completely stopped with both the isolates used while in the control gardens the incidence increased up to 42 and 51 percent. Creation of awareness among the sericulturists on integrated root rot disease management: With a view to create awareness among the farmers regarding the fast spreading nature of the root rot disease and the damage caused, awareness
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programmes were conducted both within the institute and in field, for 706 sericulturists from Kolar, Chikkaballapur, Bangalore urban, Bangalore rural, Mandya, Ramanagara, Mysore, Chamarajanagar, Shimoga, Hassan and Haveri districts. They were trained in identifying the disease and its integrated management. All the components of IDM namely method of pruning, protection after pruning, crop hygiene, scientific method of disposal of sericultural wastes, biological control methods etc. were taught to them. They were specifically trained on secondary level multiplication of the biocontrol agent to reduce the cost on input and its method of application. Table-: Inhibitory effects of cell free culture filtrates of antagonistic micro-
organisms on pycnidiospore germination of Lasiodiodiplodia theobromae
Tr.No. Treatments % Inhibition in spore
germination
1 Trichoderma viride (MPM-14) 93.000
2 T. viride (MPM-3) 64.000
3 T.viride (MPM-1) 96.667
4 T.harzianum (MPM-7) 32.333
5 T.harzianum (MPM-1) 22.667
6 Pseudomonas fluorescens (MPM-3) 30.000
7 Pseudomonas fluorescens (MPM-8) 18.667
8 Bacillus subtilis (MPM-2) 18.000
9 Lasiodiplodia theobromae alone (control) 0
CD @ .01 1.81
Significance HS
Table- 2: Inhibition of mycelia growth of L. theobromae by antagonistic
microorganisms in dual culture plates (Average of 03 experiments)
Tr. No.
Treatment Mean % Inhibition of mycelial growth
1 T.viride-1+ L.theobromae 96.667
2 T. viride (MPM-14)+L.theobromae 85.667
3 T. viride-3+ L.theobromae 63.333
4 T.harzianum-7+ L.theobromae t 33.333
5 T.harzianum-11+ L.theobromae 22.667
6 P.fluourescens-3+ L.theobromae 25.333
7 P. fluourescens -8+ L.theobromae 18.667
8 B. subtilis+ L.theobromae 18.000
9 B. subtilis+ L.theobromae 16.667
CD @ .01 4.48
Significance HS
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Table-3: Incidence of root rot disease in experimental plots treated with
efficient antagonistic micro-organisms selected from mulberry rhizosphere (average of 16 months data)
Treatments Antagonists % Disease incidence
1 T.viride (MPM-1)+*Carbendazim 1.600
2 T. viride (MPM-14)+*Carbendazim 5.400
3 T. viride (MPM-3)+*Carbendazim 23.000
4 Control (Untreated) 27.600
CD @ .05 7.84
Significance HS
*Carbendazim @ 0.2% sprayed immediately after pruning at each harvest Recommendation: To create awareness among sericulturists among the sericulturists on integrated root rot disease management.
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SERICULTURE DIVISION: Silkworm Breeding & Genetics Section: S.I.5.1 Project Title: Popularisation of Authorized Silkworm Hybrids among
Farmers of South India. KSSRDI component: Post Authorization Trails (PAT) of MH1XCSR2 Hybrid.
Project Leader : Dr. G.S Rajanna, S-D
Funding Agency : Central Silk Board, Govt of India, Bangalore. Collaborating : (i) KSSRDI, Bangalore, Institutions (ii) NSSO, Bangalore
(iii) Dept. of Sericulture, Karnataka,.
(iv) CSR & TI, Mysore (Nodal agency) Year of Initiation : Nov, 2012
Objectives : (i) Large scale field Popularization of Authorized Improved Cross Breed MH1XCSR2 (ii) Evaluation of the new hybrid for pre-cocoon and post-cocoon parameters and field
conditions.
Recommendation by Central Silk Board, Bengaluru on ICB MH1 X CSR2 (PAT Project concluded in Oct‟2014):
A total of 1,13,650 Dfls of MH1 X CSR2 were distributed in Summer, Rainy and winter seasons to the farmers of Karnataka
The average cocoon yield per 100Dfls was 61.52kg as against 61.00kg in PM X CSR2(control)(Table:4& 5)
The average Price per kg of cocoons was Rs.337/- as against Rs.300/- jn control hybrid PM X CSR2.
The ICB MH1 X CSR2 recorded silk quality of “B” to “2A” grade (Table-S1.9ABC) The MH1 X CSR2 hybrid performed better than PM X CSR2 hybrid. Hence,
MH1 X CSR2 hybrid serves as alternate resource to the existing hybrid and can be exploited commercially.
DoS, Karnataka expressed their misgiving about the hybrid with regard to reeling performance
However, in response to enquiry regarding reeling performance from KSSRDI, The Director, CSTRI, CSB Complex, Bengaluru ( letter No.CSB/CSTRI/MSRD/PAT/2015-16, dated:21.7.2015) has opined as follows: “ MH1 X CSR2 hybrid cocoons can be reeled effectively by using CSTRI Multi-end reeling technology package and good raw silk recovery and international grade raw silk of A to 2A can be produced depending on the cocoon quality. Minor modifications in the adoption of reeling process parameters depending on the cocoon quality, season of rearing etc., have been propagated among the reelers and they will be able to adapt the same according to the requirement”.
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Insect Pest Pathology & Pest Management Section: Project Title : Studies on disease tolerance levels in new silkworm races developed in
the Institute
Duration : 3 years Project Leader : Dr. N.R.Prasad–SD
Objective:
To determine the degree of tolerance of new silkworm races developed in KSSRDI to
Kenchu virus, fungus (white muscardine), BmNPV and mixed bacteria in comparison
with commercially important race.
Sub project- 1
Title: Screening of new silkworm races against Kenchu virus and fungal diseases.
Sub- Project leader : P. Sharadamma, S-C
Project duration : 3 years
Project Initiation : 2012-13
Funding : Internal funding
OBJECTIVES:
To determine the degree of tolerance of new silkworm races developed in KSSRDI to Kenchu viral disease (DNV) of silkworm, in comparison with commercially important race. RESULS AND DISCUSSIONS:
LC-50 for mortality:
Among the bivoltine pure races, based on LC50 values, it is noticed that as compared
to control race CSR2, BRO2 and HND were found to be more resistant during summer
and rainy seasons followed by NK2 and NP4 and KS10, while in winter season CSR2
was more resistant followed by BRO2 , KS10 NK2,HND and NP4. Among the bivoltine
hybrids, during summer, control race CSR2xCSR4 was highly resistant followed by
BRO2xNP4, KS10xBRO2, BRO2xNK2 and KS10xCSR2 and during rainy and summer
seasons, BRO2xNP4,and BRO2xNK2 were more resistant followed by the control race
CSR2xCSR4.Among the crossbreeds, PMx NK2 showed more tolerance to DNV disease,
during Summer and winter seasons followed by RP9xNK2 and control race PM x CSR2,
while RP9xNK2 was more tolerant than PMx NK2 during rainy seasons.Among the
polyvoltines, MH 1 was found to be highly tolerant to DNV disease during all seasons
followed by SLKSPM and RP9 (Table-2)
The study indicates that there is a Seasonal variation in the resistance/ susceptibility
among the the new races viz.,BV pure, BV hybrids, Cross breeds,and polyvoltines
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and even among the most resistant /susceptible races least mortality % is noticed
during Winter as compared to rainy and summer seasons which confirms that DNV
disease is predominantly seen during summer and rainy seasons. Among the races
screened the cumulative mortality % for all the races decreases with the increase in
virus dilution during all seasons. (Table-3&4)
OUTCOME:
Silkworm races as bivoltine pure and bivoltine hybrids , multivoltine pure and
multivoltine hybrids which were promising in the breeders work were screened against
the kenchu virus. It was found polyvoltine pure and hybrids were more sucesseptible to
kenchu than bivoltine and their hybrids. Among pure BV races BRO2 found more
resistant to kenchu both in summer and rainy followed by HND and NK2 , where as
CSR2 found better in winter. Among the BV hybrids BRO2 and NP4 scored better in
their resistance to kenchu during rainy and winter where as CSR2 scored well during
summer. Among all polyvoltine pure and hybrids MH1 pure and its hybrid performed
better than the rest. Season variation among the races against disease could be utilised
in breeding programme.
Table-1: List of silkworm races:
Sl no
New races Control races
III Cross breeds
Control races
I BV-Pure CSR2 1 RP9xNK2 PMxCSR2
1 HND 2 RP9xNP4
2 NP4 3 PMxNK2
3 NK2 4 SP10xKS10
4 KS10 IV Polyvoltines PM
5 BRO2 1 MH1
II BV-Hybrids 2 SLKSPM
1 BRO2xNP4 CSR2xCSR4 3 RP9
2 BRO2xNK2 4 Sarupath
3 NK2xHND
4 PMxNK2
5 KSO1xBRO2
6 KS10xCSR2
7 HNDxNK2
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Table-2 : Consolidated data on cumulative mortality and LC-50 for new silkworm
races during different seasons against DNV
Table 2A
Races 10-0
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
BV-Pure
HND 90.8 76.7 58.2 38 21.7 8 2.41x10-2
NP4 100 95.1 84.1 63 40.7 17 3.57x10-3
BRO2 87.3 69.1 49.1 38 20.3 8.1 1.95x10-1
NK2 94 88.3 69.9 59 28.2 14 3.30x10-3
KS10 100 100 89.5 69 36.3 24 3.59x10-3
CSR2 94.8 94.8 82.4 64 24.3 9.7 2.69x10-2
Tolerance
BV-hybrids
BRO2xNP4 88.2 79.6 68.5 58 42.2 22.2 3.53x10-3
BRO2xNK2 100 100 98.9 91 71.7 40.8 4.72x10-4
KS10xBRO2 87.4 71.5 64.8 61 44.7 21 3.67x10-4
KS10xCSR2 91 86.5 74 61 55.3 40 4.94x10-4
CSR2xCSR4 88.1 74 58.5 43 28.3 16.5 2.54x10-2
Tolerance
Cross breeds
RP9xNK2 100 100 93.6 83 65.6 49.1 4.92x10-4
PMxNK2 100 100 96.9 89.7 72.1 42.7 4.84x10-4
PMxCSR2 100 94 89 81 64 49 5.68x10-5
Tolerance
Polyvoltine
MH1 96.4 88.8 86.5 59.9 41 23.5 3.52x10-3
SLKSPM 100 100 96.3 86.7 70 46.8 4.86x10-4
RP9 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
PM 100 100 92.4 79.3 59.2 49 5.90x10-5
Tolerance
Cumulative Mortality % during SummerLC50
MH1>SLKSPM.>PM
PMxNK2>RP9xNK2>PMxCSR2
CSR2xCSR$>BRO2xNP4>KS10xBRO2>2BRO2xNK2> KS10xCSR
BRO2>HND>CSR2>NK2>NP4>KS10
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Table-2B
Races 10-0
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
BV-Pure
HND 87.2 66.1 41.5 35 20.5 12.5 1.65x10-1
NP4 95 89 80 59 44.5 20.5 3.63x10-3
BRO2 80 58.5 44 41 34 18.9 1.58x10-1
NK2 90.8 76.7 58.2 38.4 21.3 8 2.42x10-2
KS10 100 91.1 82.4 68.4 46 ND 3.82x10-3
CSR2 87 74.5 66.8 55.3 47.5 31.2 3.71x10-3
Tolerance
BV-hybrids
BRO2xNP4 84 80.2 72.2 54.9 39.5 17.9 3.31x10-3
BRO2xNK2 92 79 66 54.5 40.5 27 3.32x10-3
KS10xBRO2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
KS10xCSR2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
CSR2xCSR4 80 74.5 62.7 59.7 37.3 22 3.46x10-3
Tolerance
Cross breeds
RP9xNK2 100 100 84.8 68.6 43.6 36.3 4.74x10-4
PMxNK2 88.2 80.5 77 63.5 59.1 48 4.81x10-4
PMxCSR2 100 100 83 80 60 45 4.96x10-4
Tolerance
Polyvoltine
MH1 ND ND 65.8 45.8 25.6 10 3.79x10-3
SLKSPM 100 96.8 91.2 81.6 64.6 42.7 4.66x10-4
RP9 ND ND 94.5 80.8 55 47 4.62x10-4
PM 100 100 93 79.8 61.5 41.5 4.57x10-4
Tolerance
BRO2>HND> >NK2>NP4> CSR2>KS10
BRO2xNP4>2BRO2xNK2> CSR2xCSR$
RP9xNK2> PMxNK2 >PMxCSR2
MH1>PM>RP9>SLKSPM
Cumulative Mortality % during Rainy seasonLC50
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Table-3: Cumulative Mortality % at fixed DNV load for new silkworm races
14 Uniformity of cocoonsss Good Average Average Average good
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ADVANTAGES OF THALAGHATTAPURA RIBBON CHANDRIKE:
Drastic reduction on labour cost and quantum of work:
Thalaghattapura Ribbon Chandrike is suitable for self-mounting of matured
larvae hence, work related to picking of individual spinning larvae and
mounting them on to mountages is avoided. Therefore the work load , labour
force, labour cost is reduced in management of spinning larvae
Mechanized harvesting of cocoons is achieved by simple act of drawing the
ribbon through the „harvest slot‟ created in the bucket/container, the entire
cocoons in the mountage is harvested in less than a minute. It takes 10
minutes to harvest 100Thalaghattapura ribbon mountage as against 20
hours in Bamboo mountages as a consequence the labourforce andcost
oflabour leading tosignificant increment in the profit margin to the farmer.
Investment cost on mountages:Thalaghattapura Ribbon Chandrike is
fabricated with locally available materials such as wooden strips, MS screws
and plastic ribbon which are less expensive
Thalaghattapura Ribbon Chandrike does not require any additional gadgets
such as templates (as in case of Rotary mountages) or machines for
harvesting of cocoons leading to total avoidance of investment on gadget
leading to saving on the investment cost
Thalaghattapura Ribbon Chandrike do not demand high-tech fabrication
techniques, it can be easily fabricated by the local artisans or farmer himself.
Hence, it avoids renting mountages which is expensive and widely practiced
by farmers.
The design of the new mountage provides congenial conditions such as
uniform spacing in the mounting frame, ample ventilation and easy
separation of urine and feacal matter that is evacuated from spinning larvae
leading to for production of uniform good quality cocoons
The material and design of new mountage enables easy disinfection
The storage of new mountage is easy and demand less space
The concept of new mountage opens up new avenues in designs/techniques
and refinements to achieve further simplification and cost reduction
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SILK TECHNOLOGY DIVISION: SILK REELING AND FABRIC MANUFACTURING SECTION: 1. Project Title : “Technology for reeling urine stained cocoon” Project Investigator : A. G. Shankar, S-E Co-PI : M Nagesh, S-C Project Assistant : R Rajanna, S-B
Duration : Two years Introduction:
Due to high humidity in the atmosphere during monsoon, matured silk worms, excrete body liquid in the form of urine on the mountage. This liquid fall on the cocoon surface of other worms and stains them. The urine stains on the cocoon make the cocoons defective as it is not possible to reel them as normal cocoons, leading to high silk wastage, low yield, and poor quality yarn. Due to this, reelers offer less price for the cocoon lots which contain more urine stained cocoons. Field scenario: In a survey conducted, it is recorded that the cocoons lot contained about 17.6% of stained cocoons during rainy season and 4.5% during winter seasons. The reelability of urine stained cocoons is low as the chemicals from the urine dissolve in the cooking and reeling bath which affects the processing of cocoons resulting in high filament breakages leading to low reelability. Due to frequent brushing of the cocoons, silk waste extracted and cocoon wastage is high due to excessive boiling, water turbidity and pelade layer wastage of cocoon increase. Due to poor reeling performance of such cocoons the renditta increases and quality of raw silk decreases. Hence it was found necessary to evolve effective method for reeling urine stained cocoons, which is beneficial for the industry. Objectives: 1. Study the effect of silk worm urine on the filaments of the cocoon shell 2. To develop effective method for reeling of urine stained cocoons.
The mature silkworms after building the hammocks on the mountages, and before beginning to spin cocoon, excreted body fluid was collected in a filler tube and stored in test tubes. Five samples of silkworm urine was collected and given for chemical analysis at GKVK laboratory. The results are as below.
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Table-I.1: Chemical analysis of silkworm urine sample:
No.
Parameters Sample
1 2 3 4 5 Avg.
1 pH 9.68 8.59 9.94 8.56 8.61 9.10
2 Electric Conductivity 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04
3 Nitrogen (%) 0.240 0.34 0.31 0.28 0.28 0.29
4 Phosphorus (%) 0.06 0.13 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.09
5 Potassium (%) 1.21 0.16 0.50 0.56 0.33 0.59
6 Calcium (%) 0.5 0.4 0.28 0.4 0.36 0.39
7 Magnesium (%) 0.62 0.72 0.84 0.67 0.45 0.67
8 Sulphur (%) 0.04 0.07 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.05
9 Iron (ppm) 576 635 605 565 501 581
10 Manganese (ppm) 30 40 48 50 52 42
11 Copper (ppm) 6.4 4.6 7.9 4 2.6 5.22
12 Zinc (ppm) 14.4 9.2 7.0 6.6 7.0 9.34
It can be seen that the pH of the solution is high varying between 8.56 to9.68, which could be inferred that the solution render the reeling water alkaline, which results in higher wastage and in turn affect yield. Iron and manganese is also high, these being trivalent elements can cause more harm than calcium and magnesium in reeling water. Work element II : Study of the physical characteristics of urine stained filament. Filaments from stained cocoon were studied in raw and softened state, to know the extent of damage caused to the filament due to the stain. Silkworm urine was collected and treated on normal filament to study the effect of urine on the sericin of the filament. In order to differentiate sericin from fibroin, the filament was colored with a differential dye where only sericin was stained and fibroin remained unaffected. This technique was adopted to identify the damage caused to sericin due to silkworm urine. From the microscopic studies conducted it was observed that, when the urine droplets came in contact with the filament, sericin dissolution took place at the point of contact. When the stain dries, sericin gets separated from fibroin like flakes, exposing fibroin. At some places, it was observed that the chemicals of silk worm urine had damaged the filament at the region of contact, sericin was dissolved completely and fibroin was exposed. Region with larger and deeper stain lead to fibrillation. Loosened fibrils, caused a weak point in the filament which caused filament breakages. Sericin dissolved region also may lead to filament breakage.
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Micro photographs of silk worm urine stained filament
Plate-1: Sericin flakes on dry filament
Plate-2: Complete dissolution of sericin Plate-3: Micro fibrils separation from the surface
Plate-: Sericin dissolution from filament surface Observations : i) Sericin chipped off from the filament exposing uncolored fibroin portion. ii) Spot dissolution of sericin completely exposing fibroin. iii) Un- coloured micro fibrils separation from the surface of the filament. iv) Brins separation. v) Loop formation of one brin observed.
vi) Filament breakage due to fibrils getting separated. vii) When droplet of silk worm urine was put on the normal coloured filament, sericin
got dissolved and moved away from filament in globule form. viii) It was observed that sericin of the stained portion can easily separated physically. It was also observed that the sericin could be easily stripped from the filament surface by physical means, exposing fibrin completely. This shows that during reeling, stained sericin is stripped off the filament when filament is pulled over machinery parts leading to breaks.
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Silkworm urine stained cocoons were soaked in distilled water and the wash water was analysed for its constituents. Table-II.1: : Changes in water constituents when mixed with urine solution
Parameters Control 0.1 ml
0.2 ml
0.3 ml
1.0 ml
pH 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.2 8.0
Elec.conductivity 453 449 445 459 428
Total hardness (ppm) 305 305 310 315 265
Total Alkalinity (ppm)
221 245 270 257 245
Total Acidity (ppm) 245 257 245 248 -
Comparative studies were conducted by reeling normal cocoons and urine stained cocoon from the same batch and reeling parameters such as cooked cocoon brushing %, Reelability %, Raw silk % , Silk waste % were collected. Comparative studies were also undertaken by stifling urine stained cocoons and normal cocoon by steaming and hot air drying. Table II.2 shows the reeling results of steam and hot air dried cocoons. Table-II.2: Reeling performance of urine stained cocoons.
Reeling parameters Steamed Hot air dried t-test
Brushing efficiency (%) 72 80 NS
Reelability (%) 54 62 NS
Raw silk (%) 7.7 11.8 NS
Silk waste (%) 36 23 S
Observations:
It was found that the reeling performance of partially hot air dried cocoon in terms of reelability % brushing efficiency, raw silk yield and silk waste % was better compared to steam stifled cocoons. Post cooking water showed increased level of total hardness, total alkalinity and electrical conductivity. Quality of water in which the stained cocoon was processed was checked for the changes in composition. Water samples were collected after first boil, after second and third boiling of dropped cocoons of the same boiling bath. Table –II.3 depicts the quality of normal water at room temperature, after boiling the same and after processing cocoons. Table-II.3: Water characteristics after boiling stained cocoons
Water character Normal (cold)
Normal (boiled)
After boiling stained cocoons
I boil II boil III boil
pH 7.2 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0
Electric conductivity 514 545 608 648 699
Total hardness (ppm) 305 260 340 365 390
Total Alkalinity (ppm) 220 245 284 281 281
Total Acidity (ppm) 25 0 15 0 0
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Work element III : Identification of chemicals to neutralize the effect of silk worm urine Water for processing cocoon was treated with citric acid to neutralize the chemicals in the cocoon boiling and reeling bath. Constituents of water was checked after mixing with citric acid in cold and after boil, and after boiling stained cocoons for the first, second and third time. Three concentration of citric acid (0.25%, 0.5% 1.0%). was experimented to study the effect in neutralizing the effect of silkworm urine chemicals. Definite trend was not seen reeling with the three treatments compared to control.
Cocoon wastage after partial reeling was observed this could be due to increase in acidity level in waterwith higher concentration. Statistical analysis of mean values of brushing % and silk waste % was found to be significant. For reelability % and raw silk % the difference in the means was not significant. The yarn was observed for cleanness defects and was found to contain more slubs. Treatment with acetic acid: Experiments were carried out after boiling cocoons in water treated with acetic acid with the concentration of 0.125%. 0.25% and 0.5%. Treatment of cocoon with acetic acid has reduced the reeling performance of the cocoons. This is due to the increase in acidity in the cocoon boiling water. During experiments it was observed that the cocoon wastage was high. The treatment was abandoned as the treatment had reduced reeling performance even at very low concentrations. Treatment with resin: PVA resin treatment was given for binding the filaments and to cover the fibroin exposed portion such that the bave did not yield to the strain at these points during reeling stage. The concentration of resins was 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.8%. Table III.1: Study of treatment with resin.
Parameters Control Resin t-test 0.2% 0.3% 0.5%
Brushing% 66 94 97 96 S
Reelability% 72 83 82 84 S
Raw silk% 9.6 10.6 10.8 11.6 S
Silk waste% 26 25.4 27.8 23.4 NS
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Experiments were conducted using resin as treatment in vacuum boiling machine. Table –III.1 shows the results of the experiments. From Anova it is seen that there is significant difference in the mean values without treatment and with treatment with resin, except for silk waste. Table –III.2:Resin treatment with Vacuum boiling.
Treatments Brushing %
Reelability % Raw silk% Silk waste %
0.2% 95 87 12.1 22
0.3% 97 93 12.3 20
Control 66 72 9.6 26
Observation:
Table III.2. Shows the results obtained when cocoons were boiled in vacuum boiling machine. All the reeling parameters observed were encouraging. Table-III.3: Effect of treatment with Resin with steamed cocoons.
Parameters Control (Steam)
Resin t-test
0.3 % 0.5 % 0.8%
Brushing Efficiency %
91 93 91 92 NS
Reelability % 71 76 71 70 S
Raw silk % 11.1 12.5 12.2 11.8 S
Silk waste % 31.0 25.0 26.6 28.6 S
Renditta 9.0 8.0 8.2 8.5
Observations: From the table it is observed that 0.3% resin treatment has given better results compared to control and 0.5%, 0.8% in terms of all the reeling parameters considered. Statistical analysis of the same indicates that there is significant difference in mean values in terms of reelability %, raw silk %, and silk waste %. This shows that 0.3% concentration of resin in cocoon boiling and reeling bath is better for steam stifled cocoons. Table-III.4: Effect of treatment of resin with hot air dried cocoons
Parameters Control HAD
Resin t-test
0.3 % 0.5 %
Brushing Efficiency % 86 93 89 S
Reelability % 72 80 73 S
Raw silk % 10.7 12.7 12.7 S
Silk waste % 35.0 26.0 27.6 S
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Observations: Except slight decreases in brushing efficiency in 0.3 % resin treatment, reelability & raw silk % has increase was observed as in the previous experiments. 1) Silk waste % has shown decrease in 0.3 %. 2) 0.5 and 0.8 % treatments has not shown any remarkable difference. From the experiments conducted to neutralize the silk worm urine chemicals in cocoon boiling bath, it was observed that PVA resin treatment gave better reeling performance than other chemicals. Work element IV - Standardizing the methods for treating urinated cocoons to improve reeling characteristics.
Experiments were conducted using PVA resin at different concentration to improve cooked cocoon brushing efficiency and reelability and non-breakable filament length. Table-IV.1: Reeling performance with resin treatment
Parameters Control
Treatment t-test
0.3% 0.5% 0.8%
Brushing % 86 97 96 85 S
Reelability% 78 84 84 75 S
Raw silk % 10.5 11.4 11.6 11.0 S
Silk waste % 34 25 28 28 S
Table IV.2: Raw silk test results:
Parameters Control 0.3% Resin
Winding breaks (per hr./Skein)
2 1
Avg. denier 19.8 20.2
Size deviation 3.1 2.2
Cleanness % 82 90
Neatness% 86 90
Tenacity (gms./de) 3.1 3.4
Elongation (%) 22.5 23
From the experiments and data analysis it was observed that there is significant
difference between the average values of control batch and treated batches and 0.3% treatment has given better results compared to other treatments. Observation of filament after resin treatment After differential dyeing of stained filament the filament was impregnated in resin which was dyed with blue tint and microphotographs were taken. It was seen that the resin coated all over the filament thus obstructing the chemicals of the silk worm urine from dissolving into the cooking bath
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Micro photographs of filament after resin treatment
Field experimentation:
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Field experiments were conducted in a private filature in Kollegala and Kanakapura. The first set of experiments was conducted in Kollegala. Commercial lot of cross-bred cocoons received in the filature was analysed for total defective cocoons and was found to be 14.4% of which urine stained cocoons was 11.0%. Two treatments were experimented using resin with 0.3% and 0.5% concentration. Four replications were conducted and data of reeling performance was obtained. One experimental lot from the same batch of cocoon was used as control. Table-IV.3: Reeling performance and yarn quality at Kollegala.
Parameters Control Resin treatment
0.3% 0.5%
Brushing efficiency (%) 92 96 93
Reelability (%) 83 94 94
Raw silk (%) 10.9 11.9 11.8
Silk waste (%) 35 29 30
Renditta 9.17 8.43 8.5
Raw silk quality
Winding breaks (per hr./Skein)
03 02 02
Avg. denier 18.4 19.4 20.0
Size deviation 1.53 1.77 1.56
Cleanness % 87 98 98
Tenacity (gms./dn) 3.3 3.4 3.3
Elongation (%) 21 20.2 21.2
Degumming loss (%) 22.5 23.3 23.7
From the trials it observed that 0.3% resin treatment was better when compared to control. The values does not show any marked difference between 0.3% and 0.5% treatment. Feedback: Reeling unit entrepreneur has acknowledged about the treatment and given positive feedback.
1. Cocoon droppings and returns are less in 0.5% treatment 2. Silk obtained from treated batches is high 3. Luster of treated silk is better comparatively 4. Cocoons in treated batches reel till the end where as in untreated batches
cocoon wastage is more. Second set of field experiments were conducted in Kanakapura to ascertain the effect of
treatment with different water source. Defective cocoon assessment was found to be 21.6 %, of which urine stained cocoons were 15.4%. The results are depicted in Table no. IV.4 Table-IV.4:Reeling performance at Kanakapura.
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Parameters Control Resin treatment
0.3% 0.5%
Brushing efficiency (%) 95 99 99
Reelability (%) 80 92 92
Raw silk (%) 10.7 13.5 13.3
Silk waste (%) 31 28 26
Renditta 9.31 7.42 7.57
It is observed that there is increase in silk yield in the treated batches compared to normal processing. Feedback: The entrepreneur views were recorded and are as follows
1. Cocoon wastage is very less in treated batches 2. Silk obtained in treated batches is higher and waste extraction is high in control
batches. 3. Colour and luster of silk in treated batches is better than untreated.
Entrepreneur requested to provide resin for reeling for the whole day. Cost benefit analysis: Cost of resin - Rs.120/- per lt.
Kollegala Kanakapura
Quantity of resin used for producing 1 kg. raw silk
300 ml 300ml
Cost of treatment Rs.36/- Rs.36/-
Improvement in renditta Untreated-9.17 Treated – 8.43 Difference- 0.74
Untreated-9.31 Treated – 7.42 Difference- 1.89
Saving in cocoon cost for producing 1 kg. silk (@Rs. 250/- p.kg.)
Rs.185/- Rs.472/-
Cost benefit of treatment Rs.149/- Rs.436/-
Conclusion: From various experiment conducted for improving reeling parameters of silk worm stained cocoons it can be concluded that
1. Adding of chemicals in the cocoon boiling bath is not found to be effective as the chemicals interact with the cocoon disturbing reeling parameters.
2. Binding the filament with a water soluble resin, which does not interact with cocoon, is found to be suitable treatment.
3. Treating 0.3% poly vinyl alcohol resin is found to be effective treatment for improving cocoon brushing, reelability of cocoons, raw silk yield and reduce silk waste.
4. Cocoon wastage, which is high with urine stained cocoon reeling can be reduced significantly.
5. Treatment with resin is highly cost effective.
Recommendations:
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300ml of poly vinyl alcohol to be mixed in 100 liters water used for reeling silk worm urine stained cocoons. 2. Project title : EVALUATION OF YARN IMPERFECTIONS DUE TO INFERIOR COCOONS AT REELING.
Project Investigator : H. R. Parashivamurthy, SC. Co-Investigator : A.G. Shankar, SE. INTRODUCTION: Generally cocoons are classified as reelable cocoons and defective cocoons. Defective cocoons are integral part of cocoon harvest and they are formed in a rearing process
due to various reasons. During reeling, defective cocoons affect reelablity, reeling efficiency, quantity and quality of raw silk yarn. The quantity of defective cocoon varies from 5 to 20 % depending on rearing & spinning conditions and varies from season to season. Before reeling, cocoons are spread on the floor and only double and flimsy cocoons are separated, where as other type of defective cocoons are reeled along with good cocoons without further sorting. When reeling is carried without separating defective cocoons the reeling process and quality of silk is affected. The present study is to understand the different types of defective cocoon percentage present in commercial cross bread lots, in different seasons and its effect on reeling and the yarn quality. The outcome of the study helps to understand the extent of yarn imperfection arising by the defective cocoons so that a cocoon sorting plan could be established. OBJECTIVES:-
1. To conduct survey to assess the quality of various defective cocoons in the Commercial lot Crossbreed cocoons (PM x CSR2) at Govt. Cocoon market.
2. To study the imperfections in yarn due to various inferior cocoons. Methodology: 1. Conducting the survey to assess the quality of defective cocoons present in the
Commercial lots of Crossbreed cocoons (PM x CSR2) at Govt. Cocoon market in all the three seasons and compilation of survey data.
2. Procuring of commercial crossbreed cocoons and assessing cocoon characteristics.
3. Separating defective cocoons and processing cocoons normally viz hot air dried,
conditioning, reeling and re-reeling.
4. Reeling good cocoons with mixture of inferior cocoons in various proportions viz 95:5, 90: 10, 85:15 and 80:20 in cottage basin. Collecting the reeling data and raw silk quality.
5. Compilation of reeling and raw silk quality.
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A. Survey of defective cocoons in commercial lots:
Survey was conducted during monsoon, winter & summer season at GCM, Ramanagara to assess the quantity of defective cocoons in the commercial lots. One kilogram cocoon were randomly selected from each lot and various defective cocoons were separated from good cocoons. Weight of all types of defective cocoon was recorded. Tests were conducted for 115 lots during monsoon, 120 lots during winter & 161 in summer. The defective cocoon percentage present in each lot was assessed. The data collected was statistically analyzed. Defective cocoon of 115 lots during monsoon is depicted in table- 1 Table. 1. Defective cocoon assessment for Monsoon season.
Observation: • The range of defective cocoon % varied from 16.67 to 24.33 %. • Overall defective cocoon percentage in the lot is 20.97. • Urine stained cocoons were high (13.67 %) when compared to other types of
defective cocoons.
Table 2. Shows the average defective cocoons percentage from 120 lots during winter. Table 2: Defective cocoon assessment for winter season
Sl. No.
Type of defective cocoon % of defective cocoon
Average Range
1 Double 1.58 0.8 – 3.20
2 Melted 2.01 0.9 -4.80
3 Urine stained 4.64 2.8 – 6.2
4 Uzi pierced 2.06 0.4 – 4.80
5 Thin shell 0.58 0 – 2.00
6 Thin end 0.51 0 – 1.60
7 Malformed 0.55 0 – 1.60
8 Total DC (%) 11.93 8 – 16.66
Sl. No. Type of defective cocoon % of defective cocoon
Average Range
1 Double 1.05 0.3 - 2.70
2 Melted 2.04 0.7 - 6.00
3 Urine stained 13.87 11.3 - 16.00
4 Uzi pierced 2.08 0.7 - 4.33
5 Thin shell 0.71 0.3 - 1.00
6 Thin end 0.57 0.0 - 1.30
7 Malformed 0.65 0.0 - 2.00
8 Total DC (%) 20.97 16.67 -24.33
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Observation: • Overall defective cocoon in the lot is 11.93 %. • Urine stained cocoons were observed even during this seasons and occurrence was
at 4 .64 % and ranged from 2.8 to 6.2 %. • Overall reductions in defective cocoons percentage were observed.
161 lots were checked for defective cocoons during summer and quantity of defective cocoons % depicted in table 3. Table3: Defective cocoon assessment for summer season.
Observation: • Overall defective cocoon in the lot is 11.20 %. • Melted cocoons were high (4.7 %) when compared to other types of
defective cocoons which range from 0.3 to 7.3 %. • Overall reductions in defective cocoons percentage were observed.
Fig-1 . Shows the different type of defective cocoon percentage in the different seasons.
Sl. No.
Type of defective cocoon % of defective cocoon
Average Range
1 Double 1.2 0.6 – 3.0
2 Melted 4.7 0.3 – 7.3
3 Urine stained 0.9 0.6 – 5.0
4 Uzi pierced 0.4 0 – 2.0
5 Thin shell 1.2 0 – 3.3
6 Thin end 1.0 0 – 2.0
7 Malformed 1.8 0.6 – 2.6
8 Total DC (%) 11.20 08 - 15
Summer
Winter
Mansoon
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Observations.
Overall defective cocoons in the lots were high in rainy seasons (21%) compared to other two season.
Doubled cocoons are least in monsoon and highest in winter season.
Melted cocoons are observed to be highest during summer up to 7.3%.
Urine stained cocoons are highest during monsoon (Avg.14 %) and least during summer (0.9 %).
Uzi pierced cocoon are observed to be least in summer.
Thin shell & thin ends less in winter& monsoon when compare to summer.
There is significant difference in average quality of all defective cocoons during monsoon, winter & summer.
No significant difference is seen for melted, Uzi pierced, thin end and malformed cocoons during monsoon when compared to winter
B. Influence of defective cocoons in yarn quality parameters:
Three lots of commercial crossbreed cocoons (PM xCSR2) of 20 kgs each were procured from Govt. Cocoons market. All types of defective cocoons were separated using sorting table and calculated the defective cocoon percentage. Cocoons were assessed for their characteristics. The cocoon characteristics are shown in the table 6. Table-4: Characteristics of cocoon procured for testing.
Sl. No. Characteristics I II III AVG.
1 Avg. Single cocoon wt. 1.873 1.43 1.407 1.57
2 Avg. shell wt. 0.344 0.246 0.222 0.270
3 Avg. Shell % 18.58 17.80 18.15 18.18
4 Type of Defective cocoon (%)
I Double 1.56 1.42 1.30 1.42
II Melted 2.52 2.02 5.25 3.26
III Urine stained 13.48 4.92 1.50 6.33
Iv Uzi pierced 2.05 1.28 1.00 1.44
V Thin shell 1.08 0.60 0.70 0.79
VI Thin end 0.56 0.44 0.90 0.63
VII Malformed 0.75 0.82 1.50 0.75
Total DC (%) 22.00 11.50 12.15 15.33
5 Filament length (mts.) 731 640 680 684
6 Filament Denier 2.64 2.00 2.45 2.36
After sorting defective cocoons, the good cocoons were divided in to 4 batches. Defective cocoons (except double cocoon) were mixed with good cocoons in the ratio of 5:95, 10:90, 15:85 and 20:80% respectively. Further each batch was divided in to 3 equal batches and cocoons were stifled in hot air oven & conditioning for two days. In this manner the experiment was conducted for three lots and the data was compiled. After conditioning the cocoons were reeled keeping all the reeling parameters constant
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The following are the reeling details:
1. Stifling method : Hot air drying 2. Cooking method : Open pan cooing 3. Reeling machine : Cottage basin with 6 ends 4. Re-reeling : Open type
The reeling performance of the batches was assessed by reelability %, silk yield and silk waste %. Raw silk was tested to assess the major and minor defects in the yarn. The reeling performance and raw silk quality details are shown in the table7. Table-5.Reeling performance and raw silk quality of cocoons PM x CSR2.
Sl. no.
Characteristics Good cocoon
% of DC with good cocoons
5 10 15 20
1 Reelability (%) 91.76 84.18 80.5 75.99 70.95
2 Raw silk (%) 12.19 11.48 10.84 10.34 09.65
3 Silk waste (%) 25.27 29.06 31.03 36.08 42.28
4 Renditta. 08.22 8.72 9.25 9.32 10.44
Raw silk quality
1 No.of brks/hr.(5skeins.) 3 4 5 6 8
2 Avg. denier 21.56 22.40 22.78 23.88 24.22
3 Size deviation 1.61 2.11 2.45 2.72 2.7
4 Max. Deviation 2.07 2.58 2.70 2.72 3.17
5 Avg. Neatness % 86 83 81 77 76
6 Avg. Low neatness % 81 78 77 70 70
7 Avg. cleanness % 90 88 85 81 79
8 Evenness Variation-I Variation - II
1 2
3 3
3 4
5 5
6 7
Fig-2. Shows reelabality % with different proportion of DC.
It is observed from the table 7 that raw silk performance has decreased with increase in defective cocoons percentage. Further the quality also appears to reduce with increase in defective cocoons percentage. To consolidate these descriptions, statistical analysis was made for both reeling performance and quality characteristics. Following are the details.
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
1 2 3 4
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The statistical analysis results are shown in the table 8, 9 &10. Fig-3. Shows raw silk % with different proportion of DC.
Fig-4. shows the silk waste & with different proportion of DC.
DC% It is seen that there is significant difference in reelability, among the batches of different proposition of defective cocoons. Further, it can be observed that as the defective cocoons percentage increases the reelability decreases and for increase of 15 % of defective cocoons, the reelability has dropped by 15 %. To understand the relationship better correlation coefficient was determined. Table 8 and fig.5 shows good correlation between these two factors. Similarly the raw silk % obtained for these batches, ANOVA and correlation coefficient have been shown in Fig.6. For raw silk percentage also there is significant difference among the different defective cocoons percentage. In addition correlation coefficient being -0.75, the relationship between characteristics is observed to be good. The details of silk waste percentage and the statistical result are shown in the Fig.7. It can be observed that the silk waste percentage has increased with the increase in defective cocoons percentage. For the quality characteristics the statistical analysis was made. It is observed from the table that only cleanness percentage has shown significant difference with respect to various defective cocoons percentage. The details of cleanness percentage ANOVA and correlation coefficient are shown Fig. 8. It is observed that good correlation exits between cleanness percentage and defective cocoons percentage.
8
9
10
11
12
1 2 3 4
0
20
40
60
1 2 3 4
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Fig-5. shows the cleanness % with different proportion of DC.
DC%
Conclusion:
From the study, it is observed that the defective cocoon content in cocoon lots is highest during monsoon. In this season urine stained cocoons are highest. These types of defective cocoons are also observed to be more in winter season.
The quantity of melted cocoons is higher in all season and is maximum during summer. Malformed and thin shell cocoon occurrence is also high during summer. Reeling experiments conducted by mixing defective cocoon with normal cocoons has revealed that, as the defective cocoon percentage increase, raw silk yield and yarn quantity will decrease. In addition, the raw silk quality is also lowered due to decrease in cleanness percentage. From the study it can be concluded that, i) Silk worm rearing practices to be improved with mounting management to avoid
urine stained cocoon occurrence during monsoon and winter. ii) Proper Rearing conditions are to be followed as per recommendations to avoid melted
and Uzi pierced cocoons. iii) Defective cocoons have to be separated in order to increase yarn yield and improve
yarn quality.
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
1 2 3 4
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2. Project Title: Studies on different methods of soaking.
Project Investigator : S. Honnappa Co-investigator : A. Jambunath Project duration : 1 year
Introduction: Silk manufacturing process involves introduction of twist to single and plied raw silk yarn. Raw silk yarn is converted into hanks after drying at re-reeling. The presence of sericin renders the raw silk yarn hard, stiff and brittle offering resistance to twist. The amount of twist imparted to raw silk yarn differs depending on the type of fabrics being manufactured the twist inserted is in the range of 400to 800 Tpm in soft silk variety and 2200-4000 Tpm in high twist fabrics . The high twist fabric like Chiffons and
Georgettes requires both warp and weft with higher level of twist and in Crepe fabrics only the weft is highly twisted. The silk filaments are very fine and have high torsional rigidity, the presence of sericin offers resistance to twisting. Raw silk yarn is soaked to increase the pliability and decrease the torsional rigidity before twisting the yarn. Soaking is a process of softening the sericin using a solution of oil and soap before twisting operation to overcome the inadequacies faced by the material in twisting. Objectives:
To compare the different methods of soaking silk yarn.
To evolve soaking method by vacuum. Methodology:
Procurement of raw silk yarn.
Soaking of raw silk with commonly used recipes.
To evolve best soaking method with process standardization.
I. Experimentation: Raw silk produced on cottage basin was procured and its properties were evaluated and considered for the study. Raw silk was treated with 1)2% soap and 4% coconut oil. 2) 4% Mrudula soaking oil. 3) 2% Non ionic surfactant and 4% coconut oil. The three recipes for soaking was carried out separately in open bath for a period of
5 hrs with material to liquor ratio of 1:5 at 40°C temperature and in vacuum soaking method the same recipes were used under vacuum condition at 400mm of Hg for a period of 30 minutes. The duration and pressure of vacuum was worked out taking trials. The treated silk was compared for yarn properties such as Tenacity, Elongation, and Twist to break.
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Table 1: Tenacity and elongation properties of silk yarn.
SL.No
Treatments Tenacity Gm/ Denier
Elongation Values (%)
1. Control 3.31 24.75
2. Soap + oil (Open bath) 2.93 30.1
3. Mrudula (Open bath.) 3.09 22.73
4. Surfactant + C‟nut oil (Open bath)
2.94 24.3
5. Soap + oil (Vacuum) 2.9 25.01
6. Mrudula (Vacuum) 3.14 29.23
7. Surfactant + C‟nut oil (Vacuum)
3.0 23.23
Table 2: Process performance
SL.No Treatments Duration Winding breaks
Twist to break
1. Soap+ Oil (Open bath) 5hr 4 4015
2. Mrudula (Open bath) 5hr 2 4183
3. Surf+ Oil (Open bath) 5hr 2 4220
4. Soap+ Oil (vacuum) 30min 2 4630
5. Mrudula (vacuum) 30min 0 4304
6. Surf+ Oil (vacuum) 30min 2 3974
7. Control - 6 4091
Table1 and 2 depicts the yarn characteristics, process performance of yarn treated with soaking agents in open bath and vacuum condition. It is observed that the tenacity of treated silk with all the recipes in open bath and vacuum condition has an effect on the tenacity of the yarn due to softening of sericin and elongation has significantly improved facilitating better pliability of the yarn. Further, it is observed that twist to break in the yarn is better for yarns treated under vacuum condition as compared to open bath method. It is also observed that the process performance of the yarn treated in vacuum condition using mrudula oil is superior compared to other treatments. Table 3: Add on percentage
SL.No Concentration of solution
Open bath, (5hr duration) (%)
Vacuum (30min) (%)
1. Soap+ Oil (2+4=6) 5.4 4.22
2. Mrudula (4) 3.25 3.14
3. Surf+ Oil (2+4=6) 2.75 2.25
Table 3 depicts add on percentage of soaking chemicals .It is observed that the weight add on under vacuum condition is minimum as compared to open bath method. Table 4: Comparison of yarns treated in open bath
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Soap and Oil (Open bath)
Mrudula (Open bath)
Surfactant (Open bath)
Tenacity (gpd) 2.93 3.09 2.94
Elongation (%) 30.1 22.73 24.3
The yarns treated in open bath using soap and oil and mrudula oil open bath were compared. It is observed that the tenacity of mrudula treated samples is higher with low elongation values as compared to soap and oil open bath. The increase in tenacity values is significant at 5% level. Further the elongation values observed with soap and oil treatment is also significant at both 1% and 5% level. This is attributed to better softness of silk due to longer duration of soaking in alkaline media. Table5: Comparison of yarns treated in Vacuum condition.
Soap and Oil ( Vacuum)
Mrudula ( Vacuum)
Surfactant ( Vacuum)
Tenacity (gpd) 2.90 3.14 3
Elongation(%) 25.01 29.23 23.23
The samples treated with soap and oil, mrudula and Surfactant with oil under Vacuum conditions are compared. It is observed that the tenacity values and elongation values of mrudula treated Yarn is found to be better as compared to soap and oil treatment, as well as surfactant with oil treatment. Inference 1. Tenacity of treated silk has reduced due to softening of sericin. 2. Tenacity of vacuum soaked silk is higher compared to open bath soaked silk. 3. Elongation of treated silk has significantly improved over the control sample. 4. It is observed that vacuum soaked silk with Mrudula oil has taken higher Twist as compared to other treatments. 5. Vacuum soaking has improved the process performance of yarn at winding and has no breakages observed for yarns treated with mrudula soaking oil. 6. The yarn treated sample with Mrudula oil in vacuum condition has resulted in yarns having better properties compared to other treatments 7. It is inferred that vacuum soaking facilitates better soaking of yarn under vacuum condition as compared to open bath method. Conclusion: From the above study it is concluded that, 1. Soaking of raw silk under vacuum conditions facilitates better impregnation of
soaking solution making the raw silk soft and supple with better yarn properties, as
compared to open bath method
2. Soaking in vacuum conditions saves time with less handling of materials facilitating better performance at winding.
3. Twist to break is better for yarns treated in vacuum condition indicating better
pliability of yarns.
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Recommendation: It is recommended to adapt vacuum soaking method in place of open bath to facilitate better soaking of yarn retaining the inherent properties of silk. 4. Project Title : SILK REELING ENTREPRENEUR TRAINING.
Project team : Scientists of Silk reeling and Fabric manufacturing Section Duration : 1year (2014-15) Budget : Rs.17.5 lakhs
Background: As per the CDP guidelines, KSSRDI was given the task of conducting training
programme for sericulturists and silk reelers in the Institute under the Central Silk Board sponsored Catalytic Development Program. During 2013-14, only three of the 12 silk reeling training programmes were conducted in the Institute due to poor participation of reeling entrepreneurs as they were not able to attended week long program. Hence it was suggested that KSSRDI would conduct the program in the reeling cluster itself, rather than in the Institute premises, so that reeling entrepreneurs could undergo training and also attend to their routine works of their business. This proposal was accepted and training during 2014-15 was conducted in the reeling clusters. Work elements: 1. Organising training program Prior to the scheduled program the team members
visited the cluster and held discussion with the local TSC officers and reeling entrepreneurs about the training. Training venue was identified and the requirements such as, seating for 100 participants, audio, catering, etc. were made locally.
2. Publicity: The program dates were publicized in the Govt. Cocoon Markets and also personally by TSC(R ) officers.
3. Training Material: Books pertaining to silk reeling technology Do‟s and Don‟ts , Raw silk quality and water management were provided to the training participants
4. Training module : The topics covered under the program were, a. Inauguration and Introduction to the program. b. Lacunae in present reeling methods. c. Introduction to KSSRDI‟s silk reeling packages for cottage basin. d. Requirement of silk weavers. e. Partial hot air drying of cocoons, conditioning, sorting and benefits derived. f. Vacuum cocoon boiling and its advantages. g. Steel buttons, appropriate Croissure length, reeling and re-reeling speed for
improving yarn quality. h. Importance of water quality in silk reeling. i. Methods for reducing manufacturing cost and increase profits. j. Benefits provided by Dept. of Sericulture. k. Technical discussion.
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At the end of each program the participants were issued certificates for participation.
Details of reelers participation:
District Cluster No. of participants
Female Male Total
Kolar Kolar 06 72 78
Kolar Shidlaghatta 03 61 64
Chickballapura Chintamani 0 38 38
Ramanagara Ramanagara 04 100 104
Ramanagara Kanakapura 04 75 79
Ramanagara Channapatna 04 36 40
Chamarajanaga
ra
Kollegala 04 70 74
Total 25 452 477
Opinion of reelers during training 1. To provide subsidy for purchasing hot air dryer and vacuum cocoon boiling
equipment. 2. Steel buttons to be made available at the earliest. 3. Requirement of water treatment plants. 4. Methods to reduce cost of drying silk skeins at re-reeling. 5. Many reelers are not getting benefits provided by Dept. 6. To provide steam boilers and electrical generators. 7. Reelers find it difficult to invest 100% in purchase of equipment, hence, if
subsidy amount is released before purchase, reelers share will be paid and equipment obtained.
8. Requirement of technologies for reduction of labor. 9. Necessity for improving quality of reeling cocoons. 10. Required suitable technology for reeling urine stained cocoons. 11. Requirement of water treatment plant. 12. Requirement of cost reduction techniques at re-reeling. 13. Demonstration of the technology being recommended in the cluster. 14. Requirement of 200 ends automatic reeling machines.
Conclusion: Reeling entrepreneurs indicated the programs to be conducted regularly as it would be useful for updating their technical knowledge and interact with experts.
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RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS
Moriculture Division: Papers published in Journals 1. S.D.Padma and J.Sukumar, 2014.Response of mulberry to inoculation of Potash
mobilizing bacterial isolate and other bio-inoculants. Global journal of Bio Science & Biotechnology Vol:4 (1): 1-4.
Articles contributed to books/booklets/magazines: 1. Dr.M.S.Eswar Rao, worked as one of the member of the technical committee for the
preparation of „Hand Book on Sericulture‟ at University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore.
2. Dr.M.S.Eswar Rao, submitted the text of the panel discussion to DOS, GOK on „Hippunerale Thotada Nirvahane' which was broadcasted on AIR, Bangalore, on 23.7.2014, to be published in Reshme Krushi.
3. Dr.M.S.Eswar Rao, submitted the text of the panel discussion to DOS, GOK on „Hippunerale Thotada Nirvahane' which was broadcasted on AIR, Bangalore, on 23.7.2014, to be published in Reshme Krushi.
4. Dr.M.S.Eswar Rao, submitted the text on Package of practices for mulberry garden maintenance and Package of practices for seed crop rearing were published in a Book Entitled “Pure Mysore Silkworm Race Protocol for Maintenance and Multiplication”.
5. Dr. S.D. Padma and Dr.M.S.Eswar Rao, prepared text for E- module on “Mulberry Cultivation”.
6. Dr. S.D.Padma, Dr. H. Thimmareddy, and Dr.M.S.Eswar Rao, prepared text for practical manual in connection with „Certificate course in silkworm egg production and chawki rearing‟.
7. Dr. J. Sukumar, Dr. S.D. Padma, Dr. H. Thimmareddy, and Dr. M.S. Eswar Rao, prepared text for “Manual and brochure on Vishala mulberry variety”.
8. Dr.S.N.Narayangowda 2015. Mechanization in mulberry cultivation. Reshme krishi, Jan – Feb 2015.
9. Dr. S.N. Narayangowda, M.Veeresh, B.S. Ramesha and Dr. N. Siddalingaswamy 2015. Suicide is not the only solution in Sericulture. Reshme krishi, June – July 2015.
Doordarshan & AIR programmes: 1. Dr. S.D. Padma, participated in recording on “Mulberry diseases and management”
at Bangalore Akashawani Kendra which was broadcasted on 14.12.2014.
2. Dr. H.Thimmareddy, S-D participated in recording on “Management of mulberry gardens in winter season” on 11.11.2014.
3. Dr. H.Thimmareddy, S-D participated in recording on “Importance of soil testing and trenching & mulching in mulberry cultivation” in AIR, Bangalore.
4. Dr. K.V. Prasad, participated in discussion on mulberry diseases and management telecasted on 11th September, 2014.
5. Dr. K.V. Prasad, attended recording on Mulberry Stem and Root diseases management.
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6. Dr. K.V. Prasad, attended recording of information on Mulberry Stem and Root diseases management at All India Radio Bangalore on 28.04.2014.
7. Dr. K.V. Prasad, attended recording of Information on Mulberry Stem and Root diseases management was broadcasted by All India Radio Bangalore on 05th May 2014.
8. Dr. M.S. Eswar Rao, participated in recording on “Hippunerale Thotada Nirvahane” at Bangalore Akashawani Kendra on 23.7.2014.
9. Dr. K. V. Prasad, attended as resource person for recording of short key clippings regarding agronomics to be practiced during mulberry cultivation for broadcasting through DD Chandana in Krishidarshana program during April 2015.
10. Dr. M.S. Eswar Rao, attended the video recording on “High yielding mulberry varieties- V1, Vishala and Suvarna-2” and “Raising of mulberry saplings” for Bangalore Doordarshan channel (DD1-Chandana) at KSSRDI campus on 8.7.2014.
11. Dr. S.N. NarayanGowda, attended the recording of program at Doordarshan Kendra
on 01-12 -2014 and discussed various activities like different spacing in mulberry, inter-cropping in mulberry and mechanization in mulberry cultivation.
Extension programme: The scientists of the Division participated as resource persons in the CDP program for farmers and „Certificate course in silkworm egg production and chawki rearing‟ conducted in the Institute.
Dr. K.V. Prasad, attended to the routine plant protection measures in the Institute gardens
Dr. K.V. Prasad, participated as resource person technical guidance and suggestions for maintenance of mulberry gardens for sustainable production of good quality mulberry leaf to Sericulturists and DOS trainee officers during 10 training program/workshops.
Dr. K.V. Prasad, participated in (i) Krushi mahithi andholana Sericulture department exhibition, at Chikkaballapura on 10 th,11 th January 2014. (ii) In Ramanagaram district Krishi Mela -- Raitha Kalyana Uthsava from 04.02.2015 to 07.02.2015 and Exhibited materials, Explained the KSSRDI eco friendly Bioorganic products, activity and innovations to the visitors, Dooradarshan DD 9, E-TV, PRESS MEDIA and also explained regarding mulberry garden management and new technologies, awareness of Papaya mealy bugs and their control measures. Dr. S.N. Narayan Gowda, participated as a resource person in training program for DOS officials, workshops and cluster program on Bivoltine silkworm rearing organized by DOS. Scientists of the Division were involved in the preparation of text for the book entitled “Pure Mysore silkworm race protocol for maintenance and multiplication”, text for e-learning module and in the preparation of projects on “Popularization of Vishala mulberry variety”, and “Raising of mulberry as trees for fruit yielding”.
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Field visits: The staff of the division visited the sericulturist‟s gardens and collected information on the field performance of Vishala mulberry variety.
Dr. S.D.Padma, visited the sericulturist‟s gardens at Hassan and Channarayapattana in connection with shooting for E-Module program. Dr. M.S. Eswar Rao, visited the sericulturists gardens at Hassan and Channarayapattana Bangalore Urban district, Shidlaghatta and Chintamani CSRTI, Mysore, Hunasur and Periapattana in connection with shooting for E-Module programme.
Committees attended: Dr. M. S. Eswar Rao, and Dr. S.D. Padma, worked as members of the Registration committee for the workshop on “Preparation of protocol document for Pure Mysore seed production and quality control” on 03.11.2014. Training imparted: Dr. S.D. Padma, conducted capsule training program on “Production and quality control aspects of bio-fertilizers for 10 B.Sc., students of Vijaya College, Bangalore. Dr.K.V.Prasad, participated as resource person explained preparation of seri waste based compost; use of Bio-fertilisers and Mulberry diseases and their management to the sericulturists of Bangalore –Rural & Urban districts, Mandya, Shimoga, Hassan, Chitradurga, Chikkaballapura, Chamarajanagar, Haveri, Ranibennur Mysore, Kolar and Ramanagaram districts under the 05 CDP Training programmes. Region and corresponding zonal wise suggestions were also given. Other assignments attended:
Dr.S.D.Padma, prepared the report of Moriculture Division for DSIR. Dr.S.D.Padma, participated in the one day appraisal training workshop on K-SILKS
at KSSRDI, Bangalore on 26.07.2014. Dr. S.D. Padma, participated in Awareness program on turning wastes into profits
by Material flow cost accounting in Bell Hotel & Convention Centre, Bangalore on 29.12.2014.
Dr. S.D. Padma, served as examiner for „Certificate course in silkworm egg production and chawki rearing‟.
Dr.S.D.Padma, Dr. H. Thimmareddy, and Dr. M.S. Eswar rao, were associated with the Division Chief, Moriculture, in the preparation of the following:
Preparation of brief progress report of the division for the 47th GC meeting. Preparations and sending of second circular to concerned Deputy Directors of
Sericulture, DOS, GOK, regarding the conduct of workshop on “Performance of Vishala mulberry variety” at farmers‟ level.
Project proposal for popularization of Vishala mulberry variety developed by KSSRDI, Bangalore.
Budget estimate for large scale raising of Vishala mulberry saplings and for the establishment of seven acres of seed multiplication plot at KSSRDI.
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Budgetary requirement for rain water harvest for open well, large scale raising of Vishala mulberry saplings and deepening of pond in the institute premises.
Dr. J. Sukumar, H. Thimmareddy, and Dr. M.S. Eswar Rao, prepared Project proposal on” Raising of mulberry as trees for fruit yielding”.
SERICULTURE DIVISION: 1. Research Papers:
Jyothi N.B. & Patil C.S. 2012, Studies on the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus infecting
silkworm Bombyx mori L, J. of Sericult & Tech. 3 (1&2)
Maribashetty, V.G., Gururaj, C.S., Rajanna, G.S., Krishna Rao, S. and C.S.Patil (2013)
Nutritional efficiency on new multi-bivoltine hybrids of silkworm, Bombyx mori L.;
Biospectra, Vol.8(2), (Sept. 2013-Spl. Issue), pp. 46-49.
Patil, C.S., E. Muniraju and P. Sharadamma. Studies on the viability of spores of
Nosema bombycis spores in the extra corporeal environment, Journal of
sericulture and Technology. Vol 4(1&2) 23-26, 2014.
Rajanna, G. S, S.A.Chethan Danivas and G.N Srinivsa Prasanna, 2015. Application of
Image Analysis Methods for Quantification of Fecundity in Silkworm Bombyx mori
L. Sericologia 55(1):19-24.
Satish. G., Prasad N.R., Jyothi N.B., Sharadamma P. Prakash H.P. Microsporidiosis in
Traditional Sericulture Areas of Karnataka during 2014- Survey and Post Incidence
Control Measures Adopted (Communicated, Sericologia, 2015).
During the year, the following workshops / programmes / meetings were
organized by Department of Sericulture and the Extension Training Division of the Institute co-ordinated the activities.
Sl. No.
Workshop/ Programme/ Meeting Date
1 Meeting on “Review of curriculum of training programmes in sericulture training schools” held at KSSRDI
16-06-14
2 Meeting on preparation of “e-Learning modules” 19-07-14
3 Deputation of 2 women sericulturists to receive award at Delhi
06-09-14
4 Meeting on preparation of “e-Learning modules” 11-09-14
5 Meeting on “Discussion on organizing cluster level farmer to farmer training programme” for BV farmers
21-10-14
6 Training programme for “Cluster level BV farmers” from South Karnataka districts
27-10-14
7 Training programme for “Cluster level BV farmers” from South & North Karnataka districts
29-10-14
8 Meeting on the “Preparation of a Manual and field guidelines for BV trainers programmes at cluster level”
10-11-14
9 Meeting on the “Preparation of a Manual and field guidelines for BV trainers programmes at cluster level”
15-11-14
10 Meeting on the “Preparation of a Manual and field guidelines for BV trainers programmes at cluster level”
22-11-14
11 Meeting on the “Preparation of a Manual and field guidelines for BV trainers programmes at cluster level”
26-11-14
12 Meeting of committees of “E-Learning modules” 03-01-15
B. Survey Programmes:
To assess the Silkworm cocoon crops for hygiene and prevalence of diseases at RCRCs, RSPs, Sericulturists and Cocoon Markets in various districts of Karnataka and Mysore Seed Area several survey programmes were undertaken during 2014-15 by the KSSRDI in co-ordination with DOSK and CSB. Scientists from KSSRDI, CSB
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Annual Report 2014-15 Page 73
and Officers from DOSK were formed in to teams to conduct surveys. Two scientists from Extension & Training Division, KSSRDI have participated in these survey works. The details are as follows:
Sl. No.
Details of the programme Scientist Period
1 Survey on Silkworm hygiene and crop assessment in Bangalore Rural district
Dr. A.Prabhakara Rao 23-07-2014 to 25-07-2014
2 Survey on Silkworm hygiene and crop assessment in Magadi Seed Area
Mr. M.B.Hadimani 30-07-2014 to 01-08-2014
3 Survey on Silkworm hygiene and crop assessment in Magadi Range of Mysore Seed Area
Dr. A. Prabhakara Rao 21-09-2014 to 30-09-2014
4 Survey on Silkworm hygiene and crop assessment in Huliyurdurga Range of Mysore Seed Area
Mr. M.B.Hadimani 21-09-2014 to 30-09-2014
A total of 349 samples of silkworm larvae, pupae and moths collected from RCRCs and RSPs of Bangalore Rural district and Mysore Seed Area and were examined for the presence of pathogens with special reference to microsporidiae during first survey.
During second survey, a total of 2144 samples of silkworm egg shells, faecal matter, chawki worms, adult worms and pupae collected from the farmers, markets and P3 rearing silk farms of Magadi and Huliyurudurga ranges, were tested for the presence of microsporidians.
Data of the survey works were compiled and reports were submitted and presented in the concerned meetings.
Consolidated data of the above survey programmes is given below.
C. Summer Camp for School Children- May 2014
During May 2014, two batches of Summer Camps were conducted for school children on “Product diversification for value addition in sericulture” for 6 days per batch.
Sl. No.
Batch Date Children
1 I 12-05-2014 to 17-05-2014 09
2 II 12-05-2014 to 17-05-2014 09
Salient features of the programme:
Introductory audio-visual information on sericulture activities. Mulberry garden, laboratory, museum, commercial rearing unit visits. Demonstration and preparation of articles from cut cocoons viz. Greeting
cards, Book marks, Flowers, Dolls, Animals, Birds, Toys, Gift articles, different types of Garlands.
Demonstrated Cocoon Rangoli Art Conducted, Quiz Programme Arranged Yoga Session.
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Distribution of Certificate, Silkworm Life Cycle Chart and Group Photo.
GOVERNING COUNCIL The Principal Secretary, Horticulture Department.
The Secretary to Government, Budget and Resources Finance Department The Secretary to Government, Planning Department. The Commissioner for Sericulture Development and Director of Sericulture. The Vice Chancellor, University of Agricultural Science, Bangalore. The Director (Technical), Central Silk Board, Bangalore. The Director of Agriculture, GOK, Seshadri Roaqd, Bangalore-560 001. The Direcotr of Horticulture, GOK, Lalbhag, Bangalore. The Managing Director, KKSIC, m.g.Road, Bangalore. The Director, KSSRDI, Thalaghattapura, Bangalore-560109.
Chairman
Vice Chairman Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Convener
FINANCE COMMITTEE: The Commissioner for Sericulture Development and Director of Sericulture, M.S.Building, 5th Floor, Bangalore The Director, Plan Formulation and Statistical Division, Government of Karnataka, Sachivalaya, M.S.Building, Bangalore. The Director, KSSRDI, Thalaghattapura, Bangalore-560 109. The Deputy Secretary to Govt., Expenditure and Resources, Finance Department, Vidhana
Chairman Member Member Convener Member
COMMITTEES
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Annual Report 2014-15 Page 75
Soudha, Bangalore. The Deputy Secretary to Government,Horticulture Department (Sericulture), Vidhana Soudha, Bangalore.
Member
RESEARCH ADVISORY COMMITEE MEETING (RAC):
Name & Address
Dr.H.Shivanna, Hon‟ble Vice Chancellor, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore-560 065.
Chairman
Sri G.Satish. IFS.
Commissioner for Sericulture Development and Director of Sericulture, Dept. of Sericulture, GOK, 5th Floor, M.S.Building, Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Veedhi, Bangalore-560 001.
Member
Sri H.R.Prabhakar, Additional Director of Sericulture, Dept. of Sericulture, GOK, 5th Floor, M.S.Building, Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Veedhi, Bangalore-560 001.
Member
The Director, Central Silk Technological Research Institute, Central Silk Board, Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India, BTM Layout, Madiwala, Bangalore –560 068.
Member
The Director,
Central Sericulture Research & Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Manadawaddi Road, Srirampuram, Mysore-570 008.
Member
The General Manager, National Bank of Agricultural & Rural Development (NABARD), # 46, K.G.Road, NABARD Towers, Cauvery Bhavan Building, Bangalore-560 009.
Dr.R.Sugun, Division Chief, Extension & Training Division, KSSRDI.
Invitee
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RESEARCH REVIEW COMMITTIES (RRCs): A. MORICULTURE DIVISION (RRCM):
Dr.S.C.Chandrashekhar, Prof. of Plant Pathology (Rtd.), Attending in place of Dr. C.A.Agasimani, Prof. of Agronomy (Rtd.) University of Agriculture Sciences, Dharwad.
Sri.S.Veereshy Scientist-C (Superannuation-31.5.2015) X. Information Resource Centre/Library:
Sri. E. Rajendra Prasad Driller I/c X. Administration and Accounts:
Sri Arehunse, Registrar (from 01.4.2014 to 16.9.2014) Dr.V.G.Halliyal, Registrar I/c (from 17.09.2014 to 31.03.2015) Sri.S.D. Ganachari S-B and Supdt. I/c (up to 21.7.2014) Sri Ashok Dambal Superintendent (from 22.7.2014 to 9.10.2014) Sri Rame Gowda Superintendent (from 10.10.2014 to till date) Sri. V.Ramaprasad PS to Director Smt.K.B.Suma PS to Registrar Smt. R.Jayanthi PS to DC (Seri.) Smt. B.K.Sheela PS to DC (Mori) Smt. B.S.Seethalakshmi PS to DC (STD) Sri. Lakkanna FCLA Sri. R.Ramesh Babu SDA Sri. N.Mukundachari SDA Sri. R.Raghu SDA Sri. Allabaksh Care taker Sri.D.Shivakumar FCLA Sri. S.G.Biradar Peon
Deputed Scientific Staff: Dr.D.K.Prabhuraj Scientist-D (on Deput. to KSRSAC, Bangalore)
Dr.P.J. Raju Scientist-C (on Deput. to APSSRDI From 6.5.2009) Dr.P.G.Radhakrishna Scientist-C (on Deput. to KSBCL From 22.8.2012) Sri P.B.Vijayakumar Scientist-B (on Deput. to KSBCL from 15.12.2010) Dr. R.M.Shivaprakash Scientist-C (on Deput. to KSBCL upto 15.4.2015) Dr.N.Siddalingaswamy Scientist-C (on Deput. to KSBCL upto 15.4.2015) Dr.Mahadevappa Scientist-C (on Deput. to KSBCL upto 15.4.2015) Dr.T.Rame Gowda Scientist-C (on Deput. to KSBCL upto 15.4.2015) Sri M.Dinesh Scientist-B (on Deput. to KSBCL upto 15.4.2015) Sri R. Mahesh J.E.(Mech), (on Deput. to BBMP, from 24.10.2007) Smt. L. Nidhishree, DPO (on Deputation to KSBCL from 15.11.2010) Sri Rangaswamy, SRA (on Deputation to KSBCL from 15.11.2010) Sri Ashok Biradar SRA (on Deputation to KSBCL from 15.12.2010) Sri. M.Muniraju FCLA (on Deputation to KSBCL from 15.11.2010) Sri K.N.Shanthakumar FCLA (on Deputation to ZP, Shimoga from 22.5.2012) Sri.G.Shivamallappa FCLA (on Deputation to Karnataka Warehouse from 7.10.2011) Sri. S. Mahalingappa FCLA (on Deputation to Dr.Ambedkar Dvpt.Corpn from 23.6.2011) Sri. Tayappa Driver (on Deputation to ZP Yadagiri, from 22.5.2012) List of employees on OOD to other offices Sri.T.Hanumamthu Driver (on OOD to DOS from 16.10.2014 Sri.T.Govindaraju Driver (on OOD to DOS from 07.11.2015 Sri R.Rajanna Scientist-B (on OOD to Higher Study (M.Tech))