Evropska Unija ppt

8/12/2019 Evropska Unija ppt

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The European Union (EU)

The Worlds Strongest

Supranational Organization


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What is it?

The European Union (EU) is a family of democraticEuropean countries, committed to working togetherfor peace and prosperity.

It is not a State intended to replace existing states, but it

does represent a greater compromise of sovereigntythan any other international organization.

The EU is unique; its Member States have set upcommon institutions to which they delegate some of theirsovereignty so that decisions on specific matters of jointinterest can be made democratically at European level.

This pooling of sovereignty is also called "Europeanintegration"


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European Coal and Steel

Community

Founded in 1951(Treaty of Paris)

Purpose was to

reduce potential forconflict between themember states bypooling vitalresources

Fore-runner of theEEC, EC, and EU


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History of the EU

The historical roots ofthe European Unionlie in the SecondWorld War. Idea of European

integration conceived

to prevent such killingand destruction fromever happening again

First proposed by theFrench ForeignMinister RobertSchuman in a speech

on May 9, 1950. Thisdate, the "birthday" ofwhat is now the EU, iscelebrated annually asEurope Day

Phases of growth Initially, the European Economic

Community (EEC)consisted of justsix countries: Belgium, Germany,France, Italy, Luxembourg and theNetherlands (1958)

European Communities(EC)(1967)

Denmark, Ireland and the UnitedKingdom joined in 1973

Greece in 1981

Spain and Portugal in 1986

European Union(EU)(after 1992)(Maastricht Treaty)

Austria, Finland and Sweden in 1995

Largest enlargement took place with10 new countries joining May 9, 2004


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Creation of the EU


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GROWTH OF THE EU


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GROWTH OF THE EU

Admission

of Romania

and

Bulgaria

2007

Major

debates

about

Turkey

Croatia and

Macedonia

are new

candidates


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CORE?

?


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CONFIRMATION OF CORE-DOMAIN MODEL


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How does it work?

There are five EU institutions,each playing a specific role: European Parliament(one of two

legislative bodies in the EU;elected by the peoples of theMember States)

Council of the European Union

(EUs highest Legislative Body;has legislative initiative; is madeup of representatives appointedby member states according to apopulation-based allotment)

European Commission(EUsexecutive body; onecommissioner per country

appointed by each government) Court of Justice(ensures

compliance with the EU laws)

Court of Auditors(manages theEU budget)

These are flanked by five otherimportant bodies: European Economic and Social

Committee(expresses theopinions of organized civil societyon economic and social issues)

Committee of the Regions

(expresses the opinions ofregional and local authorities)

European Central Bank(responsible for monetary policyand managing the euro)

European Ombudsman(dealswith citizens' complaints aboutmaladministration by any EUinstitution or body)

European Investment Bank(helps achieve EU objectives byfinancing investment projects)


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The Euro

The Treaty of Rome (1957) Declared a common market as a European objective

Aim: increase economic prosperity and contribute to "an evercloser union among the peoples of Europe"

The Single European Act (1986) and the Treaty on

European Union (1992) built on this introduced Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)

laid the foundations for a single currency

name Euro was selected in 1995

in January 1999, the exchange rates of the participating

currencies were irrevocably set and Euro area Member Statesbegan implementing a common monetary policy

in January 2002, 12 States in the EU introduced the new eurobanknotes and coins


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The Eurozone

Coins and banknotes 1st

usedJan 1, 2002

Cyprus sheduled to join in 2008

Slovakia scheduled to join in2009

Estonia scheduled to join in2010

Sweden is technically obligedto join but the EU has madepublic that they will not enforcethis with regard to Sweden

Britain and Denmark have aderogation releasing themfrom having to join


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Impact of the Eurozone

What impact do you think the Eurozone

has on cultural diffusion?

What impact do you think the Eurozone

has on economic development?

Why are some countries avoiding joining?


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A strong currency!


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Why have bills different

sizes & colors?

What values are

reflected in these

artifacts that are not

found in American

money?


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What about Switzerland?

Swiss are traditionally suspicious of other countries

Swiss tradition of neutrality (WWI & WWII) self-imposed

permanent

armed

In some ways Switzerland is like the US Nationalistic government not interested in ceding sovereignty

Economic policies are currently designed to protect localindustries (esp. agriculture) from foreign competition

Initial cost of joining EU (progressive financialredistribution policy would cost the Swiss)

Switzerland has embarked on a policy of buildingbilateral agreements with the EU rather than joiningoutright


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Costs of staying out

Export problems Access to EU markets is not guaranteed

Inflation problems Europeans nervous about the Euro due to expansion of the EU invest in Swiss

Francs, inflating the value of the currency and inhibiting Swiss exports

Capital flight

High construction costs, expensive labor, and skill shortages already makeinvestment in Switzerland unattractive

Several multinational corporations, such as Roche, Sulzer and Alusuisse, havefrozen planned investment projects in Switzerland

Large Swiss companies, including Nestle, are shifting activities out of Switzerlandin fear of discrimination by other nations

Already four out of five employees of the top 15 Swiss companies work in other

countries Scientific information lag EU scientific exchange programs accept Swiss citizens only if they fail to fill such

exchanges with persons from EU countries

Accumulated bilateral agreements and cooperation may create de-factoincorporation in the EU for Switzerland


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The EU in comparative

perspective


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US dominates entertainment

industry in Europe

Cultural hegemony?


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SUMMARY

The European Union is the strongest supranational organization inthe world shared currency & financial management

legislative, judicial, and executive bodies

regulatory and planning bodies

The EU is growing geographically, and its growth suggests a core-domain model core and domain are borne out by distribution of income

The EU does not appeal to all Europeans (at least not yet) small states in particular seem skeptical

Roughly comparable to the US in some ways

population slightly larger than that of the US somewhat more densely settled than the US

economy is at least as strong as the American economy

other social statistics (e.g. literacy, infant mortality & homicide) are asgood or better than the US

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